List of current monarchs of sovereign states

References

1. The Bishop of Urgell and the president of France each hold the position of co-prince of Andorra, but there is no persona
2. Charles is currently King of fifteen separate Commonwealth realms.
3. Coronation took place 6 May 2023.
4. Agnatically a member of the House of Glücksburg, a branch of the House of Oldenburg.
5. Hamad bin Isa reigned as Amir of the State of Bahrain until 14 February 2002, when he assumed the new title of King of B
6. A clan of the Utub tribe.
7. The House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha is a branch of the House of Wettin.
8. The Belgian monarch does not automatically assume the throne at the death or abdication of their predecessor; they only
9. Officially the Druk Gyalpo (.mw- .mw- འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་པོ་; lit. 'Dragon King')
10. Coronation took place 6 November 2008.
11. Coronation took place 1 August 1968.
12. Coronation took place 29 October 2004.
13. A branch of the Varman dynasty. The surname "Norodom" is used by the descendants of Norodom I.
14. The king is selected for life by the Royal Council of the Throne from amongst the male descendants of kings Ang Duong, N
15. Officially the House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, a branch of the House of Oldenburg.
16. Agnatically a member of the House of Monpezat, but officially a member of the House of Glücksburg through his mother Mar
17. The Monarchy of Eswatini is a diarchy jointly headed by the King and the Queen Mother.
18. Succession is subject to customary law, and does not follow primogeniture. A council of elders selects who among the rei
19. "Naruhito" is the current emperor's given name, but it is not his regnal name, and he is never referred to as this in Ja
20. The formal enthronement ceremony was held on 22 October 2019.
21. The Japanese emperor does not have a family name. The use of the name "Yamato" for the household derives from the ancien
22. Succession is based upon male primogeniture. However, Naruhito currently has no male children.
23. Formally enthroned on 9 June 1999.
24. Succession is based upon primogeniture. However, the reigning king may also select his successor from among eligible pri
25. Formally enthroned on 20 December 2023 upon the invitation of Parliament.
26. The heir is appointed by the reigning emir, and the nomination must also be approved by a majority of members in the Nat
27. Coronation took place 31 October 1997. Has previously reigned as king from 12 November 1990 until 25 January 1995.
28. Formally enthroned on 15 August 1990.[citation needed] Prior to his accession, Hans-Adam had served as prince regent sin
29. Prior to formal enthronement, Guillaume had served as prince regent since 8 October 2024.
30. The royal family of Luxembourg are members of the House of Nassau-Weilburg, descended from the House of Nassau and the P
31. Officially known in Malay as the "Yang di-Pertuan Agong", which roughly translates as "Supreme Head of State", and is re
32. Elected on 27 October 2023. Term of office started on 31 January 2024.
33. The Yang di-Pertuan Agong is elected to a five-year term by and from amongst the nine hereditary rulers of the Malay sta
34. Albert II was formally enthroned as prince in a two-part ceremony, in accordance with tradition, on 12 July and 19 Novem
35. Formally enthroned on 30 July 1999.
36. A branch of the House of Nassau, and agnatically a member of the House of Amsberg.
37. Formally enthroned on 21 January 1991, and consecrated on 23 June 1991. Prior to his accession, Harald had served as pri
38. Succession is determined by consensus within the House of Saud as to who will be Crown Prince. This consensus may change
39. A branch of the House of Bourbon.
40. Succession is based upon male primogeniture. However, Felipe VI currently has no male children.
41. Formally enthroned on 19 September 1973.
42. He is also styled Rama X.
43. Vajiralongkorn was proclaimed King on 1 December 2016 with retroactive effect to the date of his father's death. The cor
44. A line of the Tuʻi Kanokupolu dynasty.
45. The Al Nahyan are a branch of the Al Falahi, a clan of the Yas tribe.
46. The Prime Minister is the head of the government. However, with the consent of the Supreme Council, the office is appoin
47. According to the Constitution, the President of the United Arab Emirates is elected by the Federal Supreme Council from
48. Formerly Cardinal Robert Francis Prevost of the United States and Peru. Reigns as Sovereign of the Vatican City State, b
49. "Monarch"
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50. All in the family: absolutism, revolution, and democracy in the Middle East
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51. Monarchies 1000–2000
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52. Systems of Government: Monarchy
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53. "Regent"
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54. The Royal Families of Europe
55. Merriam-Webster's manual for writers and editors
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56. World Royal Families
57. Constitution of Malaysia, Art. 32, Sec. 3.
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58. Bouvier's Law Dictionary and Concise Encyclopedia
59. Cambodia's new deal: a report
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60. Introduction to Political Science: A Treatise on the Origin, Nature, Functions, and Organization of the State
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61. Portal web del Govern d’Andorra
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62. Constitution of Andorra, Ch. 3.
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63. Official website of the British Monarchy
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64. Constitution of Antigua and Barbuda, Art. 68.
65. Constitution of Australia, Art. 61.
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66. Constitution of the Bahamas, Art. 71.
67. Constitution of Belize, Art. 36.
68. Constitution of Canada, Art. 9.
69. Constitution of Grenada, Art. 57.
70. Constitution of Jamaica, Art. 68.
71. Constitution Act 1986: Part 1.
72. Constitution of Papua New Guinea, Art. 82.
    https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Independent_State_of_Papua_New_Guinea/Part_V
73. Constitution of Saint Kitts and Nevis, Art. 51.
74. Constitution of Saint Lucia, Art. 59.
75. Constitution of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Art. 50.
76. Constitution of Solomon Islands, Art. 1.
77. Constitution of Tuvalu, Art. 48.
78. The Estimate
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79. The reign of Mubarak al-Sabah: Shaikh of Kuwait, 1896–1915
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80. "The Belgian Monarchy"
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81. Das Herzogliche Haus Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha
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82. The Belgian Monarchy
    http://www.monarchie.be/royal-family/king-philippe
83. Reuters
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84. BBC News
    http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/6184349.stm
85. The Royal Ark
    https://web.archive.org/web/20111007033949/http://www.pmo.gov.bn/pmo1/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=50&Itemid=82
86. The Cambodia Daily
    https://web.archive.org/web/20110404110540/http://www.camnet.com.kh/cambodia.daily/coronation/index.htm
87. "The Monarchy"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20120111151343/http://www.cambodianembassy.org.uk/index_main.php?lang=cam_Relations%2FCambodia%20-%20Denmark%20Relations%20Update%202010.pdf&mcat=1&menu=16&k=1&menu1=5
88. The history of Cambodia
89. Constitution of Cambodia, Art. 14.
90. Mental and Moral Heredity in Royalty
91. The Danish Monarchy
    https://web.archive.org/web/20100625042848/http://kongehuset.dk/publish.php?dogtag=k_en_fam_oue
92. The Swazi: an ethnographic account of the natives of the Swaziland Protectorate
93. Journal of African Law
    https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0021855300001108
94. Encyclopedia of African history
95. "National Day of Japan to be celebrated"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20090103125009/http://www.pk.emb-japan.go.jp/PRESS/Press%202007/JPNEMPAK%2007-041%2C%20NATIONAL%20DAY%20OF%20JAPAN%20TO%20BE%20CELEBRATED.htm
96. BBC News
    https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-50120563
97. Japan's holy war: the ideology of radical Shintō ultranationalism
98. Historical studies in Japan
99. The Yamato Dynasty: The Secret History of Japan's Imperial Family
100. "Their Majesties the Emperor and Empress"
     http://www.kunaicho.go.jp/e-about/activity/activity01.html
101. "Abdullah II (Jordan)"
     https://web.archive.org/web/20120118030722/http://www.medea.be/en/themes/biographies/abc/abdullah-ii-jordan/
102. Constitution of Jordan, Art. 28.
     https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Jordan
103. Abdullah II Official Website
     http://kingabdullah.jo/index.php/en_US/pages/view/id/148.html
104. Office of King Hussein I
     http://www.kinghussein.gov.jo/hash_intro.html
105. "New Kuwait Emir Sheikh Mishal pledges to be a 'loyal citizen' for nation, people"
     https://www.arabnews.com/node/2428876/middle-east
106. Constitution of Kuwait, Art. 4.
     https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Kuwait_Constitution
107. Gulf military forces in an era of asymmetric wars
108. Political Risk Yearbook, 1998
109. Public Television Company of Armenia
     https://www.1lurer.am/en/2023/12/16/Sheikh-Mishal-Al-Ahmad-Al-Jaber-Al-Sabah-named-Emir-of-Kuwait/1048383
110. The Lesotho Monarchy
     https://web.archive.org/web/20090626212620/http://www.lesotho.gov.ls/articles/2004/King_Birth_2004/king.html
111. Sesotho Online
     http://www.sesotho.web.za/lesotho.htm
112. Das Furstenhaus von Liechtenstein
     https://web.archive.org/web/20230601064143/https://fuerstenhaus.li/en/the-princely-house/h-s-h-prince-hans-adam-ii/
113. "The Principality of Liechtenstein"
     http://www.liechtenstein.li/uploads/media/zahlenfakten-eng_01.pdf
114. "Grand Duke Henri"
     http://www.gouvernement.lu/dossiers/famille_grand_ducale/chregneuk/infobase/cvhenri.html
115. "Droits de Succession: Ordre successoral"
     http://www.monarchie.lu/fr/monarchie/droits-de-succession/index.html
116. myGovernment
     http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20111221044252/http%3A//www.malaysia.gov.my/EN/Main/MsianGov/YangDiPertuanAgong/Pages/YangdiPertuanAgong.aspx
117. AP News
     https://apnews.com/article/malaysia-king-johor-rotation-c6e942eaa60e18804e12e46c922cead3
118. Reuters
     https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/malaysia-installs-sultan-ibrahim-johor-state-new-king-2024-01-31/
119. "Malaysian Monarchy System"
     https://www.fortune.my/malaysian-monarchy-system.htm?q=en/electionydpa
120. "Yang di-Pertuan Agong XIV"
     https://web.archive.org/web/20120114110652/http://www.malaysianmonarchy.org.my/malaysianmonarchy/?q=en%2Fydpa14
121. ABC News Online
     https://archive.today/20121231053804/http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2005/11/20/1510663.htm
122. "Biography"
     https://web.archive.org/web/20131115190516/http://www.palais.mc/monaco/palais-princier/english/h.s.h.-prince-albert-ii/biography/biography.391.html
123. ABC News
     https://abcnews.go.com/International/story?id=645673&page=1
124. "The House of Grimaldi"
     http://www.grimaldi.org/
125. BBC News
     http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/402712.stm
126. BBC News
     http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/from_our_own_correspondent/4794188.stm
127. The Dutch Royal House
     https://web.archive.org/web/20101124203250/http://koninklijkhuis.nl/english/History/Orange_and_Nassau.html
128. European Royalty during World War II
     https://web.archive.org/web/20100715064130/http://gsteinbe.intrasun.tcnj.edu/royalty/houses/lippe.htm
129. The Dutch Royal House
     http://www.koninklijkhuis.nl/encyclopedie/wie-is-wie/zijne-majesteit-koning-willem-alexander/
130. Official website of the Royal House of Norway
     http://www.kongehuset.no/c27277/artikkel/vis.html?tid=28731
131. Area Handbook for the Persian Gulf States
     https://books.google.com/books?id=BPX0h_wbFtEC
132. "H.H. The Amir's Biography"
     https://www.diwan.gov.qa/leadership/hh-the-amir
133. The Washington Post
     https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2021/10/14/qatars-first-elected-parliament-may-have-more-power-than-other-persian-gulf-legislatures-heres-why/
134. Saudi Arabia: national security in a troubled region
     https://books.google.com/books?id=1OpmRrNzFHgC
135. BBC News
     https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-30945324
136. TheList.com
     https://www.thelist.com/921222/the-stunning-transformation-of-princess-leonor-the-future-queen-of-spain/
137. The Royal Household of His Majesty the King
     http://www.casareal.es/ES/FamiliaReal/rey/Paginas/subhome_rey.aspx
138. "Kungl Maj:ts kungörelse (1973:702)"
     https://web.archive.org/web/20120219105931/http://62.95.69.15/cgi-bin/thw?%24%7BHTML%7D=sfst_lst&%24%7BOOHTML%7D=sfst_dok&%24%7BSNHTML%7D=sfst_err&%24%7BBASE%7D=SFST&%24%7BTRIPSHOW%7D=format%3DTHW&BET=1973%3A702%24
139. Sveriges Kungahus
     http://www.royalcourt.se/royalcourt/royalfamily/hmkingcarlxvigustaf.4.396160511584257f218000644.html
140. Khao Sod
     http://www.khaosodenglish.com/politics/2016/11/29/prince-vajiralongkorn-crowned-king-rama-x/
141. BBC News
     https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-48101877
142. BBC News
     https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-47931922
143. "The Illustrious Chakri Family"
     https://web.archive.org/web/20090201152646/http://mahidol.ac.th/thailand/chakri.html
144. "Geneology of King Tupou VI"
     https://web.archive.org/web/20100824193544/https://www.pmo.gov.to/geneology-of-king-george-tupou-v.html
145. "Tu'i Kanokupolu"
     https://web.archive.org/web/20111130040342/http://www.palaceoffice.gov.to/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=68&Itemid=81
146. Saudi Arabia and the Gulf Arab States Today: A-J
147. Constitution of the United Arab Emirates, Art. 51 & 54.
148. Doing Business in Dubai and the United Arab Emirates
149. The National
     https://www.thenationalnews.com/uae/2022/05/13/president-sheikh-khalifa-dies-age-73/
150. Vatican News
     https://www.vaticannews.va/en/pope/news/2025-05/cardinal-elected-pope-papal-name.html