List of current heads of state and government
Updated: 11/6/2025, 12:35:21 AM Wikipedia source
This is a list of current heads of state and heads of government. In some cases, mainly in presidential systems, one leader is head of state and head of government. In other cases, mainly in semi-presidential and parliamentary systems, the head of state and the head of government are different people. In semi-presidential and parliamentary systems, the head of government (i.e. executive) role is fulfilled by the listed head of government and the head of state. In one-party states, the ruling party's leader (e.g. the general secretary) is usually the de facto top leader of the state, though sometimes this leader also holds the presidency or premiership. In Afghanistan, Andorra, Iran, and Vatican City (Holy See), a clergy member also acts as the head of state. In Afghanistan, this is the supreme leader; in Andorra, this is the bishop of Urgell, Co-Prince of Andorra; in Iran, this is the supreme leader; and in Vatican City, this is the pope. The list includes the names of recently elected or appointed heads of state and government who will take office on an appointed date, as presidents-elect and prime ministers–designate, and those leading a government-in-exile if internationally recognised.
Tables
· Member and observer states of the United Nations
Afghanistan
Afghanistan
State
Afghanistan
Head of state
Supreme Leader – Hibatullah Akhundzada
Head of government
Prime Minister – Hasan Akhund
Albania
Albania
State
Albania
Head of state
President – Bajram Begaj
Head of government
Prime Minister – Edi Rama
Algeria
Algeria
State
Algeria
Head of state
President – Abdelmadjid Tebboune
Head of government
Prime Minister – Sifi Ghrieb
Andorra
Andorra
State
Andorra
Head of state
Episcopal Co-Prince – Josep-Lluís Serrano PentinatCo-Prince's Representative – Eduard IbáñezFrench Co-Prince – Emmanuel MacronCo-Prince's Representative – Patrice Faure
Head of government
Prime Minister – Xavier Espot
Angola
Angola
State
Angola
Head of state
President – João Lourenço
Antigua and Barbuda
Antigua and Barbuda
State
Antigua and Barbuda
Head of state
King – Charles IIIGovernor-General – Sir Rodney Williams
Head of government
Prime Minister – Gaston Browne
Argentina
Argentina
State
Argentina
Head of state
President – Javier Milei
Armenia
Armenia
State
Armenia
Head of state
President – Vahagn Khachaturyan
Head of government
Prime Minister – Nikol Pashinyan
Australia
Australia
State
Australia
Head of state
King – Charles IIIGovernor-General – Sam Mostyn
Head of government
Prime Minister – Anthony Albanese
Austria
Austria
State
Austria
Head of state
President – Alexander Van der Bellen
Head of government
Chancellor – Christian Stocker
Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan
State
Azerbaijan
Head of state
President – Ilham Aliyev
Head of government
Prime Minister – Ali Asadov
Bahamas, The
Bahamas, The
State
Bahamas, The
Head of state
King – Charles IIIGovernor-General – Dame Cynthia A. Pratt
Head of government
Prime Minister – Philip Davis
Bahrain
Bahrain
State
Bahrain
Head of state
King – Sheikh Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa
Head of government
Prime Minister – Prince Salman bin Hamad Al Khalifa
Bangladesh
Bangladesh
State
Bangladesh
Head of state
President – Mohammed Shahabuddin
Head of government
Chief Adviser – Muhammad Yunus
Barbados
Barbados
State
Barbados
Head of state
President – Dame Sandra MasonPresident-elect – Jeffrey Bostic
Head of government
Prime Minister – Mia Mottley
Belarus
Belarus
State
Belarus
Head of state
Chairman of the All-Belarusian People's Assembly – Alexander Lukashenko
President – Alexander Lukashenko
President – Alexander Lukashenko
State
President – Alexander Lukashenko
Head of state
Prime Minister – Aleksandr Turchin
Belgium
Belgium
State
Belgium
Head of state
King – Philippe
Head of government
Prime Minister – Bart De Wever
Belize
Belize
State
Belize
Head of state
King – Charles IIIGovernor-General – Dame Froyla Tzalam
Head of government
Prime Minister – Johnny Briceño
Benin
Benin
State
Benin
Head of state
President – Patrice Talon
Bhutan
Bhutan
State
Bhutan
Head of state
King – Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck
Head of government
Prime Minister – Tshering Tobgay
Bolivia
Bolivia
State
Bolivia
Head of state
President – Luis Arce
President-elect – Rodrigo Paz Pereira
President-elect – Rodrigo Paz Pereira
State
President-elect – Rodrigo Paz Pereira
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina
State
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Head of state
High Representative – Christian Schmidt
Presidency
Presidency
State
Presidency
Head of state
Chairwoman of the Council of Ministers – Borjana Krišto
Members:
Željko Komšić (Chairman)
Denis Bećirović
Željka Cvijanović
Members:
Željko Komšić (Chairman)
Denis Bećirović
Željka Cvijanović
State
Members:
Željko Komšić (Chairman)
Denis Bećirović
Željka Cvijanović
Botswana
Botswana
State
Botswana
Head of state
President – Duma Boko
Brazil
Brazil
State
Brazil
Head of state
President – Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
Brunei
Brunei
State
Brunei
Head of state
Sultan – Hassanal Bolkiah
Head of government
Prime Minister – Hassanal Bolkiah
Bulgaria
Bulgaria
State
Bulgaria
Head of state
President – Rumen Radev
Head of government
Prime Minister – Rosen Zhelyazkov
Burkina Faso
Burkina Faso
State
Burkina Faso
Head of state
President of the Patriotic Movement for Safeguard and Restoration – Ibrahim Traoré
Interim President – Ibrahim Traoré
Interim President – Ibrahim Traoré
State
Interim President – Ibrahim Traoré
Head of state
Interim Prime Minister – Jean Emmanuel Ouédraogo
Burundi
Burundi
State
Burundi
Head of state
President – Évariste Ndayishimiye
Head of government
Prime Minister – Nestor Ntahontuye
Cambodia
Cambodia
State
Cambodia
Head of state
President of the People's Party – Hun Sen
King – Norodom Sihamoni
King – Norodom Sihamoni
State
King – Norodom Sihamoni
Head of state
Prime Minister – Hun Manet
Cameroon
Cameroon
State
Cameroon
Head of state
President – Paul Biya
Head of government
Prime Minister – Joseph Ngute
Canada
Canada
State
Canada
Head of state
King – Charles IIIGovernor General – Mary Simon
Head of government
Prime Minister – Mark Carney
Cape Verde
Cape Verde
State
Cape Verde
Head of state
President – José Maria Neves
Head of government
Prime Minister – Ulisses Correia e Silva
Central African Republic
Central African Republic
State
Central African Republic
Head of state
President – Faustin-Archange Touadéra
Head of government
Prime Minister – Félix Moloua
Chad
Chad
State
Chad
Head of state
President – Mahamat Déby
Head of government
Prime Minister – Allamaye Halina
Chile
Chile
State
Chile
Head of state
President – Gabriel Boric
China
China
State
China
Head of state
General Secretary of the Communist Party – Xi Jinping
President – Xi Jinping
President – Xi Jinping
State
President – Xi Jinping
Head of state
Premier – Li Qiang
Colombia
Colombia
State
Colombia
Head of state
President – Gustavo Petro
Comoros
Comoros
State
Comoros
Head of state
President – Azali Assoumani
Congo, Democratic Republic of the
Congo, Democratic Republic of the
State
Congo, Democratic Republic of the
Head of state
President – Félix Tshisekedi
Head of government
Prime Minister – Judith Suminwa
Congo, Republic of the
Congo, Republic of the
State
Congo, Republic of the
Head of state
President – Denis Sassou Nguesso
Head of government
Prime Minister – Anatole Collinet Makosso
Costa Rica
Costa Rica
State
Costa Rica
Head of state
President – Rodrigo Chaves Robles
Croatia
Croatia
State
Croatia
Head of state
President – Zoran Milanović
Head of government
Prime Minister – Andrej Plenković
Cuba
Cuba
State
Cuba
Head of state
First Secretary of the Communist Party – Miguel Díaz-Canel
President – Miguel Díaz-Canel
President – Miguel Díaz-Canel
State
President – Miguel Díaz-Canel
Head of state
Prime Minister – Manuel Marrero Cruz
Cyprus
Cyprus
State
Cyprus
Head of state
President – Nikos Christodoulides
Czech Republic
Czech Republic
State
Czech Republic
Head of state
President – Petr Pavel
Head of government
Prime Minister – Petr Fiala
Prime minister-designate – Andrej Babiš
Prime minister-designate – Andrej Babiš
State
Prime minister-designate – Andrej Babiš
Denmark
Denmark
State
Denmark
Head of state
King – Frederik X
Head of government
Prime Minister – Mette Frederiksen
Djibouti
Djibouti
State
Djibouti
Head of state
President – Ismaïl Omar Guelleh
Dominica
Dominica
State
Dominica
Head of state
President – Sylvanie Burton
Head of government
Prime Minister – Roosevelt Skerrit
Dominican Republic
Dominican Republic
State
Dominican Republic
Head of state
President – Luis Abinader
Ecuador
Ecuador
State
Ecuador
Head of state
President – Daniel Noboa
Egypt
Egypt
State
Egypt
Head of state
President – Abdel Fattah el-Sisi
Head of government
Prime Minister – Mostafa Madbouly
El Salvador
El Salvador
State
El Salvador
Head of state
President – Nayib Bukele
Equatorial Guinea
Equatorial Guinea
State
Equatorial Guinea
Head of state
President – Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo
Head of government
Prime Minister – Manuel Osa Nsue Nsua
Eritrea
Eritrea
State
Eritrea
Head of state
President – Isaias Afwerki
Estonia
Estonia
State
Estonia
Head of state
President – Alar Karis
Head of government
Prime Minister – Kristen Michal
Eswatini
Eswatini
State
Eswatini
Head of state
Ngwenyama – Mswati III
Head of government
Prime Minister – Russell Dlamini
Ndlovukati – Ntfombi
Ndlovukati – Ntfombi
State
Ndlovukati – Ntfombi
Ethiopia
Ethiopia
State
Ethiopia
Head of state
President – Taye Atske Selassie
Head of government
Prime Minister – Abiy Ahmed
Fiji
Fiji
State
Fiji
Head of state
President – Ratu Naiqama Lalabalavu
Head of government
Prime Minister – Sitiveni Rabuka
Finland
Finland
State
Finland
Head of state
President – Alexander Stubb
Head of government
Prime Minister – Petteri Orpo
France
France
State
France
Head of state
President – Emmanuel Macron
Head of government
Prime Minister – Sébastien Lecornu
Gabon
Gabon
State
Gabon
Head of state
President – Brice Oligui Nguema
Gambia, The
Gambia, The
State
Gambia, The
Head of state
President – Adama Barrow
Georgia
Georgia
State
Georgia
Head of state
Honorary Chairman of Georgian Dream – Bidzina Ivanishvili
President – Mikheil Kavelashvili
President – Mikheil Kavelashvili
State
President – Mikheil Kavelashvili
Head of state
Prime Minister – Irakli Kobakhidze
Germany
Germany
State
Germany
Head of state
President – Frank-Walter Steinmeier
Head of government
Chancellor – Friedrich Merz
Ghana
Ghana
State
Ghana
Head of state
President – John Mahama
Greece
Greece
State
Greece
Head of state
President – Konstantinos Tasoulas
Head of government
Prime Minister – Kyriakos Mitsotakis
Grenada
Grenada
State
Grenada
Head of state
King – Charles IIIGovernor-General – Dame Cécile La Grenade
Head of government
Prime Minister – Dickon Mitchell
Guatemala
Guatemala
State
Guatemala
Head of state
President – Bernardo Arévalo
Guinea
Guinea
State
Guinea
Head of state
Chairman of the National Committee of Reconciliation and Development – Mamady Doumbouya
Interim President – Mamady Doumbouya
Interim President – Mamady Doumbouya
State
Interim President – Mamady Doumbouya
Head of state
Prime Minister – Bah Oury
Guinea-Bissau
Guinea-Bissau
State
Guinea-Bissau
Head of state
President – Umaro Sissoco Embaló
Head of government
Prime Minister – Braima Camará
Guyana
Guyana
State
Guyana
Head of state
President – Irfaan Ali
Haiti
Haiti
State
Haiti
Head of state
President – Transitional Presidential Council
Head of government
Acting Prime Minister – Alix Didier Fils-Aimé
Laurent Saint-Cyr (President)
Laurent Saint-Cyr (President)
State
Laurent Saint-Cyr (President)
Other members:
Edgard Leblanc FilsLeslie VoltaireFritz JeanEmmanuel VertilaireSmith AugustinLouis Gérald GillesFrinel Joseph (observer)Régine Abraham (observer)
Other members:
Edgard Leblanc FilsLeslie VoltaireFritz JeanEmmanuel VertilaireSmith AugustinLouis Gérald GillesFrinel Joseph (observer)Régine Abraham (observer)
State
Other members:
Edgard Leblanc FilsLeslie VoltaireFritz JeanEmmanuel VertilaireSmith AugustinLouis Gérald GillesFrinel Joseph (observer)Régine Abraham (observer)
Honduras
Honduras
State
Honduras
Head of state
President – Xiomara Castro
Hungary
Hungary
State
Hungary
Head of state
President – Tamás Sulyok
Head of government
Prime Minister – Viktor Orbán
Iceland
Iceland
State
Iceland
Head of state
President – Halla Tómasdóttir
Head of government
Prime Minister – Kristrún Frostadóttir
India
India
State
India
Head of state
President – Droupadi Murmu
Head of government
Prime Minister – Narendra Modi
Indonesia
Indonesia
State
Indonesia
Head of state
President – Prabowo Subianto
Iran
Iran
State
Iran
Head of state
Supreme Leader – Ali Khamenei
Head of government
President – Masoud Pezeshkian
Iraq
Iraq
State
Iraq
Head of state
President – Abdul Latif Rashid
Head of government
Prime Minister – Mohammed Shia' Al Sudani
Ireland
Ireland
State
Ireland
Head of state
President – Michael D. HigginsPresident-elect – Catherine Connolly
Head of government
Taoiseach – Micheál Martin
Israel
Israel
State
Israel
Head of state
President – Isaac Herzog
Head of government
Prime Minister – Benjamin Netanyahu
Italy
Italy
State
Italy
Head of state
President – Sergio Mattarella
Head of government
Prime Minister – Giorgia Meloni
Ivory Coast
Ivory Coast
State
Ivory Coast
Head of state
President – Alassane Ouattara
Head of government
Prime Minister – Robert Beugré Mambé
Jamaica
Jamaica
State
Jamaica
Head of state
King – Charles IIIGovernor-General – Sir Patrick Allen
Head of government
Prime Minister – Andrew Holness
Japan
Japan
State
Japan
Head of state
Emperor – Naruhito
Head of government
Prime Minister – Sanae Takaichi
Jordan
Jordan
State
Jordan
Head of state
King – Abdullah II
Head of government
Prime Minister – Jafar Hassan
Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan
State
Kazakhstan
Head of state
President – Kassym-Jomart Tokayev
Head of government
Prime Minister – Oljas Bektenov
Kenya
Kenya
State
Kenya
Head of state
President – William Ruto
Kiribati
Kiribati
State
Kiribati
Head of state
President – Taneti Maamau
Kuwait
Kuwait
State
Kuwait
Head of state
Emir – Sheikh Mishal Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah
Head of government
Prime Minister – Ahmad Al-Abdullah Al-Sabah
Kyrgyzstan
Kyrgyzstan
State
Kyrgyzstan
Head of state
President – Sadyr Japarov
Laos
Laos
State
Laos
Head of state
General Secretary of the People's Revolutionary Party – Thongloun Sisoulith
President – Thongloun Sisoulith
President – Thongloun Sisoulith
State
President – Thongloun Sisoulith
Head of state
Prime Minister – Sonexay Siphandone
Latvia
Latvia
State
Latvia
Head of state
President – Edgars Rinkēvičs
Head of government
Prime Minister – Evika Siliņa
Lebanon
Lebanon
State
Lebanon
Head of state
President – Joseph Aoun
Head of government
Prime Minister – Nawaf Salam
Lesotho
Lesotho
State
Lesotho
Head of state
King – Letsie III
Head of government
Prime Minister – Sam Matekane
Liberia
Liberia
State
Liberia
Head of state
President – Joseph Boakai
Libya
Libya
State
Libya
Head of state
Chairman of the Presidential Council – Mohamed al-Menfi
Head of government
Prime Minister – Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh
Liechtenstein
Liechtenstein
State
Liechtenstein
Head of state
Prince Regnant – Hans-Adam II
Head of government
Prime Minister – Brigitte Haas
Regent – Hereditary Prince Alois
Regent – Hereditary Prince Alois
State
Regent – Hereditary Prince Alois
Lithuania
Lithuania
State
Lithuania
Head of state
President – Gitanas Nausėda
Head of government
Prime Minister – Inga Ruginienė
Luxembourg
Luxembourg
State
Luxembourg
Head of state
Grand Duke – Guillaume V
Head of government
Prime Minister – Luc Frieden
Madagascar
Madagascar
State
Madagascar
Head of state
President – Michael Randrianirina
Head of government
Prime Minister – Herintsalama Rajaonarivelo
Malawi
Malawi
State
Malawi
Head of state
President – Peter Mutharika
Malaysia
Malaysia
State
Malaysia
Head of state
King – Sultan Ibrahim Iskandar
Head of government
Prime Minister – Anwar Ibrahim
Maldives
Maldives
State
Maldives
Head of state
President – Mohamed Muizzu
Mali
Mali
State
Mali
Head of state
President – Assimi Goïta
Malta
Malta
State
Malta
Head of state
President – Myriam Spiteri Debono
Head of government
Prime Minister – Robert Abela
Marshall Islands
Marshall Islands
State
Marshall Islands
Head of state
President – Hilda Heine
Mauritania
Mauritania
State
Mauritania
Head of state
President – Mohamed Ould Ghazouani
Head of government
Prime Minister – Mokhtar Ould Djay
Mauritius
Mauritius
State
Mauritius
Head of state
President – Dharam Gokhool
Head of government
Prime Minister – Navin Ramgoolam
Mexico
Mexico
State
Mexico
Head of state
President – Claudia Sheinbaum
Micronesia, Federated States of
Micronesia, Federated States of
State
Micronesia, Federated States of
Head of state
President – Wesley Simina
Moldova
Moldova
State
Moldova
Head of state
President – Maia Sandu
Head of government
Prime Minister – Alexandru Munteanu
Monaco
Monaco
State
Monaco
Head of state
Sovereign Prince – Albert II
Head of government
Minister of State – Christophe Mirmand
Mongolia
Mongolia
State
Mongolia
Head of state
President – Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh
Head of government
Prime Minister – Gombojavyn Zandanshatar
Montenegro
Montenegro
State
Montenegro
Head of state
President – Jakov Milatović
Head of government
Prime Minister – Milojko Spajić
Morocco
Morocco
State
Morocco
Head of state
King – Mohammed VI
Head of government
Prime Minister – Aziz Akhannouch
Mozambique
Mozambique
State
Mozambique
Head of state
President – Daniel Chapo
Myanmar
Myanmar
State
Myanmar
Head of state
Acting President – Vacant (Min Aung Hlaing on NDSC duty)
Head of government
Prime Minister – Nyo Saw
Namibia
Namibia
State
Namibia
Head of state
President – Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah
Nauru
Nauru
State
Nauru
Head of state
President – David Adeang
Nepal
Nepal
State
Nepal
Head of state
President – Ram Chandra Poudel
Head of government
Interim Prime Minister – Sushila Karki
Netherlands
Netherlands
State
Netherlands
Head of state
King – Willem-Alexander
Head of government
Prime Minister – Dick Schoof
New Zealand
New Zealand
State
New Zealand
Head of state
King – Charles IIIGovernor-General – Dame Cindy Kiro
Head of government
Prime Minister – Christopher Luxon
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
State
Nicaragua
Head of state
Co-Presidents – Daniel Ortega and Rosario Murillo
Niger
Niger
State
Niger
Head of state
President of the National Council for the Safeguard of the Homeland – Abdourahamane Tchiani
Transitional President – Abdourahamane Tchiani
Transitional President – Abdourahamane Tchiani
State
Transitional President – Abdourahamane Tchiani
Head of state
Prime Minister – Ali Lamine Zeine
Nigeria
Nigeria
State
Nigeria
Head of state
President – Bola Tinubu
North Korea
North Korea
State
North Korea
Head of state
General Secretary of the Workers' Party – Kim Jong Un
President of the State Affairs – Kim Jong Un
President of the State Affairs – Kim Jong Un
State
President of the State Affairs – Kim Jong Un
Head of state
Premier – Pak Thae-song
North Macedonia
North Macedonia
State
North Macedonia
Head of state
President – Gordana Siljanovska-Davkova
Head of government
Prime Minister – Hristijan Mickoski
Norway
Norway
State
Norway
Head of state
King – Harald V
Head of government
Prime Minister – Jonas Gahr Støre
Oman
Oman
State
Oman
Head of state
Sultan and Prime Minister – Haitham bin Tariq
Pakistan
Pakistan
State
Pakistan
Head of state
President – Asif Ali Zardari
Head of government
Prime Minister – Shehbaz Sharif
Palau
Palau
State
Palau
Head of state
President – Surangel Whipps Jr.
Palestine
Palestine
State
Palestine
Head of state
President – Mahmoud Abbas
Head of government
Prime Minister – Mohammad Mustafa
Panama
Panama
State
Panama
Head of state
President – José Raúl Mulino
Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea
State
Papua New Guinea
Head of state
King – Charles IIIGovernor-General – Sir Bob Dadae
Head of government
Prime Minister – James Marape
Paraguay
Paraguay
State
Paraguay
Head of state
President – Santiago Peña
Peru
Peru
State
Peru
Head of state
President – José Jerí
Philippines
Philippines
State
Philippines
Head of state
President – Bongbong Marcos
Poland
Poland
State
Poland
Head of state
President – Karol Nawrocki
Head of government
Prime Minister – Donald Tusk
Portugal
Portugal
State
Portugal
Head of state
President – Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa
Head of government
Prime Minister – Luís Montenegro
Qatar
Qatar
State
Qatar
Head of state
Emir – Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani
Head of government
Prime Minister – Sheikh Mohammed bin Abdulrahman Al Thani
Romania
Romania
State
Romania
Head of state
President – Nicușor Dan
Head of government
Prime Minister – Ilie Bolojan
Russia
Russia
State
Russia
Head of state
President – Vladimir Putin
Head of government
Prime Minister – Mikhail Mishustin
Rwanda
Rwanda
State
Rwanda
Head of state
President – Paul Kagame
Head of government
Prime Minister – Justin Nsengiyumva
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Saint Kitts and Nevis
State
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Head of state
King – Charles IIIGovernor-General – Dame Marcella Liburd
Head of government
Prime Minister – Terrance Drew
Saint Lucia
Saint Lucia
State
Saint Lucia
Head of state
King – Charles IIIGovernor-General – Sir Errol Charles
Head of government
Prime Minister – Philip J. Pierre
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
State
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Head of state
King – Charles IIIGovernor-General – Dame Susan Dougan
Head of government
Prime Minister – Ralph Gonsalves
Samoa
Samoa
State
Samoa
Head of state
O le Ao o le Malo – Afioga Tuimalealiʻifano Vaʻaletoʻa Sualauvi II
Head of government
Prime Minister – Laʻauli Leuatea Schmidt
San Marino
San Marino
State
San Marino
Head of state
Captain Regent – Matteo Rossi
Head of government
Secretary for Foreign and Political Affairs – Luca Beccari
Captain Regent – Lorenzo Bugli
Captain Regent – Lorenzo Bugli
State
Captain Regent – Lorenzo Bugli
São Tomé and Príncipe
São Tomé and Príncipe
State
São Tomé and Príncipe
Head of state
President – Carlos Vila Nova
Head of government
Prime Minister – Américo Ramos
Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia
State
Saudi Arabia
Head of state
King – Salman
Head of government
Prime Minister – Mohammed bin Salman
Senegal
Senegal
State
Senegal
Head of state
President – Bassirou Diomaye Faye
Head of government
Prime Minister – Ousmane Sonko
Serbia
Serbia
State
Serbia
Head of state
President – Aleksandar Vučić
Head of government
Prime Minister – Đuro Macut
Seychelles
Seychelles
State
Seychelles
Head of state
President – Patrick Herminie
Sierra Leone
Sierra Leone
State
Sierra Leone
Head of state
President – Julius Maada Bio
Singapore
Singapore
State
Singapore
Head of state
President – Tharman Shanmugaratnam
Head of government
Prime Minister – Lawrence Wong
Slovakia
Slovakia
State
Slovakia
Head of state
President – Peter Pellegrini
Head of government
Prime Minister – Robert Fico
Slovenia
Slovenia
State
Slovenia
Head of state
President – Nataša Pirc Musar
Head of government
Prime Minister – Robert Golob
Solomon Islands
Solomon Islands
State
Solomon Islands
Head of state
King – Charles IIIGovernor-General – Sir David Tiva Kapu
Head of government
Prime Minister – Jeremiah Manele
Somalia
Somalia
State
Somalia
Head of state
President – Hassan Sheikh Mohamud
Head of government
Prime Minister – Hamza Abdi Barre
South Africa
South Africa
State
South Africa
Head of state
President – Cyril Ramaphosa
South Korea
South Korea
State
South Korea
Head of state
President – Lee Jae Myung
South Sudan
South Sudan
State
South Sudan
Head of state
President – Salva Kiir Mayardit
Spain
Spain
State
Spain
Head of state
King – Felipe VI
Head of government
Prime Minister – Pedro Sánchez
Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka
State
Sri Lanka
Head of state
President – Anura Kumara Dissanayake
Sudan
Sudan
State
Sudan
Head of state
Transitional Sovereignty Council
Head of government
Prime Minister – Kamil Idris
Abdel Fattah al-Burhan (Chairman)
Abdel Fattah al-Burhan (Chairman)
State
Abdel Fattah al-Burhan (Chairman)
Other members:
Malik Agar (Deputy Chairman)Shams al-Din KhabbashiYasser al-AttaIbrahim Jabir KarimEl Tahrir Abubakr HajarRaja NicolaAboulgasim Mohamed BurtumYousef Jad KarimAbdelbagi al-ZubeirSalma Abdeljabbar
Other members:
Malik Agar (Deputy Chairman)Shams al-Din KhabbashiYasser al-AttaIbrahim Jabir KarimEl Tahrir Abubakr HajarRaja NicolaAboulgasim Mohamed BurtumYousef Jad KarimAbdelbagi al-ZubeirSalma Abdeljabbar
State
Other members:
Malik Agar (Deputy Chairman)Shams al-Din KhabbashiYasser al-AttaIbrahim Jabir KarimEl Tahrir Abubakr HajarRaja NicolaAboulgasim Mohamed BurtumYousef Jad KarimAbdelbagi al-ZubeirSalma Abdeljabbar
Suriname
Suriname
State
Suriname
Head of state
President – Jennifer Geerlings-Simons
Sweden
Sweden
State
Sweden
Head of state
King – Carl XVI Gustaf
Head of government
Prime Minister – Ulf Kristersson
Switzerland
Switzerland
State
Switzerland
Head of state
Federal Council
Members:
Karin Keller-Sutter (President)
Guy Parmelin (Vice President)
Ignazio Cassis
Albert Rösti
Élisabeth Baume-Schneider
Beat Jans
Martin Pfister
Members:
Karin Keller-Sutter (President)
Guy Parmelin (Vice President)
Ignazio Cassis
Albert Rösti
Élisabeth Baume-Schneider
Beat Jans
Martin Pfister
State
Members:
Karin Keller-Sutter (President)
Guy Parmelin (Vice President)
Ignazio Cassis
Albert Rösti
Élisabeth Baume-Schneider
Beat Jans
Martin Pfister
Syria
Syria
State
Syria
Head of state
President – Ahmed al-Sharaa
Tajikistan
Tajikistan
State
Tajikistan
Head of state
President – Emomali Rahmon
Head of government
Prime Minister – Kokhir Rasulzoda
Tanzania
Tanzania
State
Tanzania
Head of state
President – Samia Suluhu Hassan
Thailand
Thailand
State
Thailand
Head of state
King – Maha Vajiralongkorn
Head of government
Prime Minister – Anutin Charnvirakul
Timor-Leste
Timor-Leste
State
Timor-Leste
Head of state
President – José Ramos-Horta
Head of government
Prime Minister – Xanana Gusmão
Togo
Togo
State
Togo
Head of state
President – Jean-Lucien Savi de Tové
Head of government
President of the Council of Ministers – Faure Gnassingbé
Tonga
Tonga
State
Tonga
Head of state
King – Tupou VI
Head of government
Prime Minister – ʻAisake Eke
Trinidad and Tobago
Trinidad and Tobago
State
Trinidad and Tobago
Head of state
President – Christine Kangaloo
Head of government
Prime Minister – Kamla Persad-Bissessar
Tunisia
Tunisia
State
Tunisia
Head of state
President – Kaïs Saïed
Head of government
Prime Minister – Sara Zaafarani
Turkey
Turkey
State
Turkey
Head of state
President – Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
Turkmenistan
Turkmenistan
State
Turkmenistan
Head of state
Chairman of the People's Council – Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow
President – Serdar Berdimuhamedow
President – Serdar Berdimuhamedow
State
President – Serdar Berdimuhamedow
Tuvalu
Tuvalu
State
Tuvalu
Head of state
King – Charles IIIGovernor-General – Sir Tofiga Vaevalu Falani
Head of government
Prime Minister – Feleti Teo
Uganda
Uganda
State
Uganda
Head of state
President – Yoweri Museveni
Ukraine
Ukraine
State
Ukraine
Head of state
President – Volodymyr Zelenskyy
Head of government
Prime Minister – Yulia Svyrydenko
United Arab Emirates
United Arab Emirates
State
United Arab Emirates
Head of state
President – Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan
Head of government
Prime Minister – Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum
United Kingdom
United Kingdom
State
United Kingdom
Head of state
King – Charles III
Head of government
Prime Minister – Keir Starmer
United States
United States
State
United States
Head of state
President – Donald Trump
Uruguay
Uruguay
State
Uruguay
Head of state
President – Yamandú Orsi
Uzbekistan
Uzbekistan
State
Uzbekistan
Head of state
President – Shavkat Mirziyoyev
Head of government
Prime Minister – Abdulla Aripov
Vanuatu
Vanuatu
State
Vanuatu
Head of state
President – Nikenike Vurobaravu
Head of government
Prime Minister – Jotham Napat
Vatican City (Holy See)
Vatican City (Holy See)
State
Vatican City (Holy See)
Head of state
Pope – Leo XIV
Head of government
President of the Governorate – Sister Raffaella Petrini
Venezuela
Venezuela
State
Venezuela
Head of state
President – Nicolás Maduro
Vietnam
Vietnam
State
Vietnam
Head of state
General Secretary of the Communist Party – Tô Lâm
President – Lương Cường
President – Lương Cường
State
President – Lương Cường
Head of state
Prime Minister – Phạm Minh Chính
Yemen
Yemen
State
Yemen
Head of state
Chairman of the Presidential Leadership Council – Rashad al-Alimi
Head of government
Prime Minister – Salem Saleh bin Braik
Zambia
Zambia
State
Zambia
Head of state
President – Hakainde Hichilema
Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe
State
Zimbabwe
Head of state
President – Emmerson Mnangagwa
| State | Head of state | Head of government |
| Afghanistan | Supreme Leader – Hibatullah Akhundzada | Prime Minister – Hasan Akhund |
| Albania | President – Bajram Begaj | Prime Minister – Edi Rama |
| Algeria | President – Abdelmadjid Tebboune | Prime Minister – Sifi Ghrieb |
| Andorra | Episcopal Co-Prince – Josep-Lluís Serrano PentinatCo-Prince's Representative – Eduard IbáñezFrench Co-Prince – Emmanuel MacronCo-Prince's Representative – Patrice Faure | Prime Minister – Xavier Espot |
| Angola | President – João Lourenço | |
| Antigua and Barbuda | King – Charles IIIGovernor-General – Sir Rodney Williams | Prime Minister – Gaston Browne |
| Argentina | President – Javier Milei | |
| Armenia | President – Vahagn Khachaturyan | Prime Minister – Nikol Pashinyan |
| Australia | King – Charles IIIGovernor-General – Sam Mostyn | Prime Minister – Anthony Albanese |
| Austria | President – Alexander Van der Bellen | Chancellor – Christian Stocker |
| Azerbaijan | President – Ilham Aliyev | Prime Minister – Ali Asadov |
| Bahamas, The | King – Charles IIIGovernor-General – Dame Cynthia A. Pratt | Prime Minister – Philip Davis |
| Bahrain | King – Sheikh Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa | Prime Minister – Prince Salman bin Hamad Al Khalifa |
| Bangladesh | President – Mohammed Shahabuddin | Chief Adviser – Muhammad Yunus |
| Barbados | President – Dame Sandra MasonPresident-elect – Jeffrey Bostic | Prime Minister – Mia Mottley |
| Belarus | Chairman of the All-Belarusian People's Assembly – Alexander Lukashenko | |
| President – Alexander Lukashenko | Prime Minister – Aleksandr Turchin | |
| Belgium | King – Philippe | Prime Minister – Bart De Wever |
| Belize | King – Charles IIIGovernor-General – Dame Froyla Tzalam | Prime Minister – Johnny Briceño |
| Benin | President – Patrice Talon | |
| Bhutan | King – Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck | Prime Minister – Tshering Tobgay |
| Bolivia | President – Luis Arce | |
| President-elect – Rodrigo Paz Pereira | ||
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | High Representative – Christian Schmidt | |
| Presidency | Chairwoman of the Council of Ministers – Borjana Krišto | |
| Members: Željko Komšić (Chairman) Denis Bećirović Željka Cvijanović | ||
| Botswana | President – Duma Boko | |
| Brazil | President – Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva | |
| Brunei | Sultan – Hassanal Bolkiah | Prime Minister – Hassanal Bolkiah |
| Bulgaria | President – Rumen Radev | Prime Minister – Rosen Zhelyazkov |
| Burkina Faso | President of the Patriotic Movement for Safeguard and Restoration – Ibrahim Traoré | |
| Interim President – Ibrahim Traoré | Interim Prime Minister – Jean Emmanuel Ouédraogo | |
| Burundi | President – Évariste Ndayishimiye | Prime Minister – Nestor Ntahontuye |
| Cambodia | President of the People's Party – Hun Sen | |
| King – Norodom Sihamoni | Prime Minister – Hun Manet | |
| Cameroon | President – Paul Biya | Prime Minister – Joseph Ngute |
| Canada | King – Charles IIIGovernor General – Mary Simon | Prime Minister – Mark Carney |
| Cape Verde | President – José Maria Neves | Prime Minister – Ulisses Correia e Silva |
| Central African Republic | President – Faustin-Archange Touadéra | Prime Minister – Félix Moloua |
| Chad | President – Mahamat Déby | Prime Minister – Allamaye Halina |
| Chile | President – Gabriel Boric | |
| China | General Secretary of the Communist Party – Xi Jinping | |
| President – Xi Jinping | Premier – Li Qiang | |
| Colombia | President – Gustavo Petro | |
| Comoros | President – Azali Assoumani | |
| Congo, Democratic Republic of the | President – Félix Tshisekedi | Prime Minister – Judith Suminwa |
| Congo, Republic of the | President – Denis Sassou Nguesso | Prime Minister – Anatole Collinet Makosso |
| Costa Rica | President – Rodrigo Chaves Robles | |
| Croatia | President – Zoran Milanović | Prime Minister – Andrej Plenković |
· Other states
Cook Islands
Cook Islands
State
Cook Islands
Associated with
New Zealand
Head of state
King – Charles IIIKing's Representative – Sir Tom Marsters
Head of government
Prime Minister – Mark Brown
Niue
Niue
State
Niue
Associated with
New Zealand
Head of state
King – Charles IIIKing's Representative – Dame Cindy Kiro
Head of government
Prime Minister – Dalton Tagelagi
| State | Associated with | Head of state | Head of government |
| Cook Islands | New Zealand | King – Charles IIIKing's Representative – Sir Tom Marsters | Prime Minister – Mark Brown |
| Niue | New Zealand | King – Charles IIIKing's Representative – Dame Cindy Kiro | Prime Minister – Dalton Tagelagi |
· Other states
Abkhazia
Abkhazia
State
Abkhazia
Also claimed by
Georgia
Head of state
President – Badra Gunba
Republic of China (Taiwan)
Republic of China (Taiwan)
State
Republic of China (Taiwan)
Also claimed by
People's Republic of China
Head of state
President – Lai Ching-te
Head of government
Premier – Cho Jung-tai
Kosovo
Kosovo
State
Kosovo
Also claimed by
Serbia
Head of state
President – Vjosa Osmani
Head of government
Acting Prime Minister – Albin Kurti
Northern Cyprus
Northern Cyprus
State
Northern Cyprus
Also claimed by
Cyprus
Head of state
President – Tufan Erhürman
Head of government
Prime Minister – Ünal Üstel
Sahrawi Republic
Sahrawi Republic
State
Sahrawi Republic
Also claimed by
Morocco
Head of state
General Secretary of the Polisario Front – Brahim Ghali
President – Brahim Ghali
President – Brahim Ghali
State
President – Brahim Ghali
Also claimed by
Prime Minister – Bouchraya Hammoudi Bayoun
South Ossetia
South Ossetia
State
South Ossetia
Also claimed by
Georgia
Head of state
President – Alan Gagloyev
Head of government
Prime Minister – Konstantin Dzhussoyev
| State | Also claimed by | Head of state | Head of government |
| Abkhazia | Georgia | President – Badra Gunba | |
| Republic of China (Taiwan) | People's Republic of China | President – Lai Ching-te | Premier – Cho Jung-tai |
| Kosovo | Serbia | President – Vjosa Osmani | Acting Prime Minister – Albin Kurti |
| Northern Cyprus | Cyprus | President – Tufan Erhürman | Prime Minister – Ünal Üstel |
| Sahrawi Republic | Morocco | General Secretary of the Polisario Front – Brahim Ghali | |
| President – Brahim Ghali | Prime Minister – Bouchraya Hammoudi Bayoun | ||
| South Ossetia | Georgia | President – Alan Gagloyev | Prime Minister – Konstantin Dzhussoyev |
· Other states
Somaliland
Somaliland
State
Somaliland
Also claimed by
Somalia
Head of state
President – Abdirahman Mohamed Abdullahi
Transnistria
Transnistria
State
Transnistria
Also claimed by
Moldova
Head of state
President – Vadim Krasnoselsky
Head of government
Prime Minister – Aleksander Rozenberg
| State | Also claimed by | Head of state | Head of government |
| Somaliland | Somalia | President – Abdirahman Mohamed Abdullahi | |
| Transnistria | Moldova | President – Vadim Krasnoselsky | Prime Minister – Aleksander Rozenberg |
· Alternative governments
Supreme Political Council
Supreme Political Council
Government
Supreme Political Council
State
Yemen
Head of state
Leader of the Houthis – Abdul-Malik al-Houthi
Chairman – Mahdi al-Mashat
Chairman – Mahdi al-Mashat
Government
Chairman – Mahdi al-Mashat
State
Acting Prime Minister – Muhammad Ahmed Miftah
| Government | State | Head of state | Head of government |
| Supreme Political Council | Yemen | Leader of the Houthis – Abdul-Malik al-Houthi | |
| Chairman – Mahdi al-Mashat | Acting Prime Minister – Muhammad Ahmed Miftah | ||
· Alternative governments
Government of National Stability
Government of National Stability
Government
Government of National Stability
State
Libya
Head of state
Supreme Commander of the Libyan National Army – Khalifa Haftar
Chairman of the Presidential Council – Mohamed al-Menfi
Chairman of the Presidential Council – Mohamed al-Menfi
Government
Chairman of the Presidential Council – Mohamed al-Menfi
State
Acting Prime Minister – Osama Hammad
National Unity Government
National Unity Government
Government
National Unity Government
State
Myanmar
Head of state
Acting President – Duwa Lashi La
Head of government
Prime Minister – Mahn Winn Khaing Thann
Hamas government in Gaza
Hamas government in Gaza
Government
Hamas government in Gaza
State
Palestine
Head of state
Leader of Hamas in Gaza – Izz al-Din al-Haddad
President – Mahmoud Abbas
President – Mahmoud Abbas
Government
President – Mahmoud Abbas
State
Head of Government – Community Support Committee
Government of Peace and Unity
Government of Peace and Unity
Government
Government of Peace and Unity
State
Sudan
Head of state
Chairman of the Presidential Council – Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo
Head of government
Prime Minister – Mohammed Hassan al-Ta'ishi
| Government | State | Head of state | Head of government |
| Government of National Stability | Libya | Supreme Commander of the Libyan National Army – Khalifa Haftar | |
| Chairman of the Presidential Council – Mohamed al-Menfi | Acting Prime Minister – Osama Hammad | ||
| National Unity Government | Myanmar | Acting President – Duwa Lashi La | Prime Minister – Mahn Winn Khaing Thann |
| Hamas government in Gaza | Palestine | Leader of Hamas in Gaza – Izz al-Din al-Haddad | |
| President – Mahmoud Abbas | Head of Government – Community Support Committee | ||
| Government of Peace and Unity | Sudan | Chairman of the Presidential Council – Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo | Prime Minister – Mohammed Hassan al-Ta'ishi |
· Alternative governments
Coordination Council
Coordination Council
Government
Coordination Council
State
Belarus
Head of state
President and Head of the Cabinet – Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya
| Government | State | Head of state | Head of government |
| Coordination Council | Belarus | President and Head of the Cabinet – Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya | |
· <i>Sui generis</i> entities
European Union
European Union
Entity
European Union
Head of entity
President of the European Council – António Costa
Head of government
President of the European Commission – Ursula von der Leyen
Sovereign Military Order of Malta
Sovereign Military Order of Malta
Entity
Sovereign Military Order of Malta
Head of entity
Prince and Grand Master – John T. Dunlap
Head of government
Grand Chancellor – Riccardo Paternò di Montecupo
| Entity | Head of entity | Head of government |
| European Union | President of the European Council – António Costa | President of the European Commission – Ursula von der Leyen |
| Sovereign Military Order of Malta | Prince and Grand Master – John T. Dunlap | Grand Chancellor – Riccardo Paternò di Montecupo |
References
- The President of France and the French Co-Prince of Andorra are positions held by the same person.
- Charles III is separately and equally monarch of 15 sovereign states known collectively as the Commonwealth realms. In e
- The high representative is an international civilian overseer of the Dayton Agreement with authority to dismiss elected
- The three-member Bosnian presidency is the head of state collectively.
- While the position of Prime minister formally exists as head of government, it is not a very powerful position and the p
- The council will exercise certain presidential powers until a new president is elected or until 7 February 2026, whichev
- According to articles 89 to 91 of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, the Supreme Leader of Iran is the he
- The constitution of Japan does not define a formal head of state, but the Emperor by unwritten constitutional convention
- The Governor-General of New Zealand and the King's Representative of Niue are positions held by the same person.
- The Transitional Sovereignty Council is the collective head of state of Sudan per the 2019 Draft Constitutional Declarat
- The seven-member Swiss Federal Council is collectively head of state and government. As a party to the Council, the Pres
- Leader of the Syrian Transitional Government under the 2025 interim constitutional declaration.
- Charles III is head of state of the Cook Islands and Niue in his capacity as King in Right of New Zealand. He is represe
- Al-Menfi is also considered head of state by the internationally-recognized Government of National Unity. Hamada is disp
- Internationally-recognized president also recognized by Hamas since the Third Hamdallah Government
- Belsat TVhttps://belsat.eu/news/11-04-2024-u-belarusi-farmuetstsa-uns-top-7-prostyh-pytannyau-pra-novy-dzyarzhauny-organ
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- "Haiti's Constitution of 1987 with Amendments through 2012"https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Haiti_2012.pdf?lang=en
- The Washington Posthttps://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2021/07/23/will-haitians-get-chance-determine-their-future-without-foreign-interference/
- NPRhttps://www.npr.org/2023/01/18/1149556481/haiti-last-elected-official-political-crisis
- CNNhttps://www.cnn.com/2024/04/25/americas/haiti-ariel-henry-resignation-intl/index.html
- The New York Timeshttps://www.nytimes.com/2024/11/10/us/haiti-prime-minister-garry-conille-fired.html
- Yangon Media Grouphttps://yangonmediagroup.com/index.php/eng-section/pro-tem-president-u-myint-swes-health-worsens
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- Associated Presshttps://apnews.com/article/niger-president-e7763dca5a85e790eeaca43f39237c04
- "Sudan's Constitution of 2019"https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Sudan_2019.pdf?lang=en
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- Al Bawabahttps://www.albawaba.com/news/sudans-burhan-dismisses-hemedti-his-position-1519485
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