| Year | Nominated work | Award | Category | Result |
| 1992 | Romper Stomper | Seattle International Film Festival | Best Actor | Won |
| 1993 | Hammers Over the Anvil | Won |
| 1999 | The Insider | Broadcast Film Critics Association | Best Actor | Won |
| Los Angeles Film Critics Association | Best Actor | Won |
| National Board of Review | Best Actor | Won |
| National Society of Film Critics | Best Actor | Won |
| San Diego Film Critics Society | Best Actor | Won |
| Southeastern Film Critics Association | Best Actor | Won |
| London Film Critics Circle | Best Actor | Nominated |
| New York Film Critics Circle | Best Actor | Nominated |
| Chicago Film Critics Association | Best Actor | Nominated |
| Las Vegas Film Critics Society | Best Actor | Nominated |
| Online Film Critics Society | Best Actor | Nominated |
| 2000 | Gladiator | Broadcast Film Critics Association | Best Actor | Won |
| Dallas-Fort Worth Film Critics Association | Best Actor | Won |
| London Film Critics Circle | Best Actor | Won |
| San Diego Film Critics Society | Best Actor | Won |
| Las Vegas Film Critics Society | Best Actor | Nominated |
| Online Film Critics Society | Best Actor | Nominated |
| 2001 | A Beautiful Mind | Broadcast Film Critics Association | Best Actor | Won |
| Dallas-Fort Worth Film Critics Association | Best Actor | Won |
| San Diego Film Critics Society | Best Actor | Won |
| Phoenix Film Critics Society | Best Actor | Won |
| Golden Schmoes Awards | Best Actor | Nominated |
| Chicago Film Critics Association | Best Actor | Nominated |
| Online Film Critics Society | Best Actor | Nominated |
| Vancouver Film Critics Circle | Best Actor | Nominated |
| 2003 | Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World | Broadcast Film Critics Association | Best Actor | Nominated |
| London Film Critics Circle | Best Actor | Nominated |
| 2005 | Cinderella Man | Broadcast Film Critics Association | Best Actor | Nominated |
| Dallas-Fort Worth Film Critics Association | Best Actor | Nominated |
| 2012 | Les Misérables | Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association | Best Ensemble | Won |
| Broadcast Film Critics Association | Best Acting Ensemble | Nominated |
| Phoenix Film Critics Society | Best Cast | Nominated |
| San Diego Film Critics Society | Best Performance by an Ensemble | Nominated |
| 2019 | The Loudest Voice | Critics' Choice Television Award | Best Actor in a Movie/Miniseries | Nominated |