List of amendments of the Constitution of India
Updated: 5/20/2026, 8:11:18 PM Wikipedia source
As of March 2026, there have been 106 amendments of the Constitution of India since it was first enacted in 1950. The Indian Constitution is one of the most amended national constitutions in the world. The Constitution spells out governmental powers with so much detail that many matters addressed by statute in other democracies must be addressed via constitutional amendment in India. As a result, the Constitution is amended roughly twice a year. There are three types of amendments to the Constitution of India of which the second and third types of amendments are governed by Article 368.
The first type of amendment must be passed by a "simple majority" in each house of the Parliament of India. The second type of amendment must be passed by a prescribed "special majority" of each house of Parliament; and The third type of amendment must be passed by a "special majority" in each house of Parliament and ratified by at least one half of the State Legislatures. Examples of the third type of amendment include amendments No. 3, 6, 7, 8, 13, 14, 15, 16, 22, 23, 24, 25, 28, 30, 31, 32, 35, 36, 38, 39, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 51, 54, 61, 62, 70, 73, 74, 75, 79, 84, 88, 95, 99, 101, and 104.
Tables
· <span dir="ltr">List</span> of amendments
1st
1st
No.
1st
Amendments
15, 19, 85, 87, 174, 176, 341, 342, 372 and 376.
Insert articles 31A and 31B.
Insert schedule 9.
Enforced since
18 June 1951
Objectives
Added special provision for the advancement of any socially and educationally backward classes or for the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (SCs and STs). To fully secure the constitutional validity of zamindari abolition laws and to place reasonable restrictions on freedom of speech. A new constitutional device, called Schedule 9, introduced t
Prime Minister
Jawaharlal Nehru
2nd
2nd
No.
2nd
Amendments
Amend article 81(1)(b).
Enforced since
1 May 1953
Objectives
Removed the upper limit of 750,000 people, allowing for a single member to represent a larger population in a parliamentary constituency by amending Article 81(1)(b).
3rd
3rd
No.
3rd
Amendments
Amend schedule 7.
Enforced since
22 February 1955
Objectives
Re-enacted entry 33 of the Concurrent List in the Seventh Schedule with relation to include trade and commerce in, and the production, supply and distribution of four classes of essential commodities, viz., foodstuffs, including edible oil seeds and oils; cattle fodder, including oilcakes and other concentrates; raw cotton whether ginned or unginne
4th
4th
No.
4th
Amendments
Amend articles 31, 31A, and 305.
Amend schedule 9.
Enforced since
27 April 1955
Objectives
Primarily dealt with property rights and the state's power of acquisition. The amendment also included provisions to fix limits on the amount of agricultural land that an individual could own or occupy. Aimed to give the state full control over mineral and oil resources.
5th
5th
No.
5th
Amendments
Amend article 3.
Enforced since
24 December 1955
Objectives
Empowered the President to prescribe a time limit for a State Legislature to convey its views on proposed Central laws relating to the formation of new States and alteration of areas, boundaries or names of existing States. Also permitted the President to extend the prescribed limit.
6th
6th
No.
6th
Amendments
Amend articles 269 and 286.
Amend schedule 7.
Enforced since
11 September 1956
Objectives
Amend the Union List and State List with respect to raising of taxes.
7th
7th
No.
7th
Amendments
Amend articles 1, 3, 49, 80, 81, 82, 131, 153, 158, 168, 170, 171, 216, 217, 220, 222, 224, 230, 231 and 232.
Insert articles 258A, 290A, 298, 350A, 350B, 371, 372A and 378A.
Amend part 8.
Amend schedules 1, 2, 4 and 7.
Enforced since
1 November 1956
Objectives
Reorganisation of states on linguistic lines, abolition of Class A, B, C, D states and introduction of Union territories.
8th
8th
No.
8th
Amendments
Amend article 334.
Enforced since
5 January 1960
Objectives
Extended the period of reservation of seats for the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes and Anglo-Indians in the Lok Sabha and the State Legislative Assemblies till 1970.
9th
9th
No.
9th
Amendments
Amend schedule 1.
Enforced since
28 December 1960
Objectives
Minor adjustments to territory of Indian Union consequent to agreement with Pakistan for settlement of disputes by demarcation of border villages, etc.
10th
10th
No.
10th
Amendments
Amend article 240.
Amend schedule 1.
Enforced since
11 August 1961
Objectives
Incorporation of Dadra and Nagar Haveli as a Union Territory, consequent to acquisition from Portugal.
11th
11th
No.
11th
Amendments
Amend articles 66 and 71.
Enforced since
19 December 1961
Objectives
Election of Vice President by Electoral College consisting of members of both Houses of Parliament, instead of election by a Joint Sitting of Parliament. Indemnify the President and Vice President Election procedure from challenge on grounds of existence of any vacancies in the electoral college.
12th
12th
No.
12th
Amendments
Amend article 240.
Amend schedule 1.
Enforced since
20 December 1961
Objectives
Incorporation of Goa, Daman and Diu as a Union Territory, consequent to acquisition from Portugal.
13th
13th
No.
13th
Amendments
Amend article 170.
Insert new article 371A.
Enforced since
1 December 1962
Objectives
Special protection under Article 371A for newly create State of Nagaland.
14th
14th
No.
14th
Amendments
Amend articles 81 and 240.
Insert article 239A.
Amend schedules 1 and 4.
Enforced since
28 December 1962
Objectives
Incorporation of Pondicherry into the Union of India and creation of Legislative Assemblies for Himachal Pradesh, Tripura, Manipur and Goa.
15th
15th
No.
15th
Amendments
Amend articles 124, 128, 217, 222, 224, 226, 297, 311 and 316.
Insert article 224A.
Amend schedule 7.
Enforced since
5 October 1963
Objectives
Raise retirement age of High Court judges from 60 to 62 and other minor amendments for rationalising interpretation of rules regarding judges etc.
16th
16th
No.
16th
Amendments
Amend articles 19, 84 and 173.
Amend schedule 3.
Enforced since
5 October 1963
Objectives
Make it obligatory for seekers of public office to swear their allegiance to the Indian Republic and prescribe the various obligatory templates.
17th
17th
No.
17th
Amendments
Amend article 31A.
Amend schedule 9.
Enforced since
20 June 1964
Objectives
To secure the constitutional validity of acquisition of Estates and place land acquisition laws in Schedule 9 of the constitution.
18th
18th
No.
18th
Amendments
Amend article 3.
Enforced since
27 August 1966
Objectives
Technical Amendment to include Union Territories in Article 3 and hence permit reorganisation of Union Territories.
Prime Minister
Lal Bahadur Shastri
19th
19th
No.
19th
Amendments
Amend article 324.
Enforced since
11 December 1966
Objectives
Abolish Election Tribunals and enable trial of election petitions by regular High Courts.
20th
20th
No.
20th
Amendments
Insert article 233A.
Enforced since
22 December 1966
Objectives
Indemnify & validate judgments, decrees, orders and sentences passed by judges and to validate the appointment, posting, promotion and transfer of judges barring a few who were not eligible for appointment under article 233. Amendment needed to overcome the effect of judgment invalidating appointments of certain judges in the state of Uttar Pradesh
21st
21st
No.
21st
Amendments
Amend schedule 8.
Enforced since
10 April 1967
Objectives
Include Sindhi as an official language.
Prime Minister
Indira Gandhi
22nd
22nd
No.
22nd
Amendments
Amend article 275.
Insert articles 244A and 371B.
Enforced since
25 September 1969
Objectives
Provision to form Autonomous states within the State of Assam.
23rd
23rd
No.
23rd
Amendments
Amend articles 330, 332, 333 and 334.
Enforced since
23 January 1970
Objectives
Discontinued reservation of seats for the Scheduled Tribes in Nagaland, both in the Lok Sabha and the State Legislative Assembly and stipulated that not more than one Anglo-Indian could be nominated by the Governor to any State Legislative Assembly. Extend reservation for SCs and STs and Anglo-Indian members in the Lok Sabha and State Assemblies fo
24th
24th
No.
24th
Amendments
Amend articles 13 and 368.
Enforced since
5 November 1971
Objectives
Article 13(4) added. Enable Parliament to dilute Fundamental Rights through amendments to the Constitution.
It was made compulsory for the President to give consent to the Constitution Amendment Bill.
25th
25th
No.
25th
Amendments
Amend article 31.
Insert article 31C.
Enforced since
8 December 1971
Objectives
Restrict property rights and compensation in case the state takes over private property.
However, the Supreme Court quashed a part of Article 31C (4) to the extent it took away the power of judicial review. This was done in the landmark case of Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala (1973) 4 SCC 225 which for the first time enunciated the Basic str
26th
26th
No.
26th
Amendments
Amend article 366.
Insert article 363A.
Remove articles 291 and 362.
Enforced since
28 December 1971
Objectives
Abolition of privy purse paid to former rulers of princely states which were incorporated into the Indian Republic.
27th
27th
No.
27th
Amendments
Amend articles 239A and 240.
Insert articles 239B and 371C.
Enforced since
(i) 30 December 1971 & (ii) 15 February 1972
Objectives
Reorganisation of Mizoram into a Union Territory with a legislature and council of ministers.
28th
28th
No.
28th
Amendments
Insert article 312A.
Remove article 314.
Enforced since
29 August 1972
Objectives
Rationalise Civil Service rules to make it uniform across those appointed prior to Independence and post Independence.
29th
29th
No.
29th
Amendments
Amend schedule 9.
Enforced since
9 June 1972
Objectives
'Kerala land reform acts' and amendments to these act placed under Schedule 9 of the constitution.
30th
30th
No.
30th
Amendments
Amend article 133.
Enforced since
9 June 1972
Objectives
Change the basis for appeals in Supreme Court of India in case of Civil Suits from value criteria to one involving substantial question of law.
31st
31st
No.
31st
Amendments
Amend articles 81, 330 and 332.
Enforced since
17 October 1973
Objectives
Increase size of Parliament from 525 to 545 seats. Increased seats going to the new states formed in North East India and minor adjustment consequent to 1971 Delimitation exercise.
32nd
32nd
No.
32nd
Amendments
Amend article 371.
Insert articles 371D and 371E.
Amend schedule 7.
Enforced since
1 July 1974
Objectives
Protection of regional rights in Telangana and Andhra regions of State of Andhra Pradesh.
Supreme Court in P. Sambamurthy v. State of Andhra Pradesh 1987 SCC (1) 362 held clause (3) and (5) along with its Proviso of Article 371D as unconstitutional and void. It was found to be violative of basic structure doctrine, against the concept of justice a
33rd
33rd
No.
33rd
Amendments
Amend articles 101 and 190.
Enforced since
19 May 1974
Objectives
Prescribes procedure for resignation by members of parliament and state legislatures and the procedure for verification and acceptance of resignation by house speaker.
34th
34th
No.
34th
Amendments
Amend schedule 9.
Enforced since
7 September 1974
Objectives
Place land reform acts and amendments to these act under Schedule 9 of the constitution.
35th
35th
No.
35th
Amendments
Amend articles 80 and 81.
Insert article 2A.
Insert schedule 10.
Enforced since
1 March 1975
Objectives
Terms and Conditions for the Incorporation of Sikkim into the Union of India.
36th
36th
No.
36th
Amendments
Amend articles 80 and 81.
Insert article 371F.
Remove article 2A.
Amend schedules 1 and 4.
Remove schedule 10.
Enforced since
26 April 1975
Objectives
Formation of Sikkim as a State within the Indian Union.
37th
37th
No.
37th
Amendments
Amend articles 239A and 240.
Enforced since
3 May 1975
Objectives
Formation of Arunachal Pradesh legislative assembly.
38th
38th
No.
38th
Amendments
Amend articles 123, 213, 239B, 352, 356, 359 and 360.
Enforced since
1 August 1975
Objectives
Enhances the powers of President and Governors to pass ordinances.
39th
39th
No.
39th
Amendments
Amend articles 71 and 329.
Insert article 329A.
Amend schedule 9.
Enforced since
10 August 1975
Objectives
Amendment designed to negate the judgement of Allahabad HC in State of Uttar Pradesh v. Raj Narain 1975 SCR (3) 333 invalidating PM Indira Gandhi's election to parliament. Amendment placed restrictions on judicial scrutiny of post of Prime Minister. Irrespective of electoral malpractice, no case can be filed against president, vice president, speak
40th
40th
No.
40th
Amendments
Amend article 297.
Amend schedule 9.
Enforced since
27 May 1976
Objectives
Enable Parliament to make laws with respect to Exclusive Economic Zone and vest the mineral wealth with Union of India.
Place land reform & other acts and amendments to these act under Schedule 9 of the constitution.
41st
41st
No.
41st
Amendments
Amend article 316.
Enforced since
7 September 1976
Objectives
Raise Retirement Age Limit of Chairmen and Members of Joint Public Service Commissions and State Public Service Commissions from sixty to sixty two. No case can be filed against prime minister, governor, president, even after they demit office (which was later struck down by supreme court)
42nd
42nd
No.
42nd
Amendments
Amend articles 31, 31C, 39, 55, 74, 77, 81, 82, 83, 100, 102, 103, 105, 118, 145, 150, 166, 170, 172, 189, 191, 192, 194, 208, 217, 225, 226, 227, 228, 311, 312, 330, 352, 353, 356, 357, 358, 359, 366, 368 and 371F.
Insert articles 31D, 32A, 39A, 43A, 48A, 131A, 139A, 144A, 226A, 228A and 257A.
Insert parts IVA and XIVA.
Amend schedule 7.
Enforced since
3 January, 1 February & 1 April 1977
Objectives
Amendment passed during internal emergency by Indira Gandhi. Provides for curtailment of fundamental rights, imposes fundamental duties and changes to the basic structure of the constitution by making India a "Sovereign Socialist Secular Democratic Republic".
However, the Supreme Court, in Minerva Mills v. Union of India 1980 SCC (3) 625, quashed
43rd
43rd
No.
43rd
Amendments
Amend articles 145, 226, 228 and 366.
Remove articles 31D, 32A, 131A, 144A, 226A and 228A.
Enforced since
13 April 1978
Objectives
Amendment passed after revocation of internal emergency in the Country. Repeals some of the more 'Anti-Freedom' amendments enacted through Amendment Bill 42.
Prime Minister
Morarji Desai
44th
44th
No.
44th
Amendments
Amend articles 19, 22, 30, 31A, 31C, 38, 71, 74, 77, 83, 103, 105, 123, 132, 133, 134, 139A, 150, 166, 172, 192, 194, 213, 217, 225, 226, 227, 239B, 329, 352, 356, 358, 359, 360 and 371F.
Insert articles 134A and 361A.
Remove articles 31, 257A and 329A.
Amend part 12.
Amend schedule 9.
Enforced since
20 June, 1 August & 6 September 1979
Objectives
Amendment passed after revocation of internal emergency in the Country.
Article 19(1)(f) right to property was omitted.
Provides for human rights safeguards and mechanisms to prevent abuse of executive and legislative authority.
Annuls some Amendments enacted in Amendment Bill 42.
45th
45th
No.
45th
Amendments
Amend article 334.
Enforced since
25 January 1980
Objectives
Extend reservation for SCs and STs and nomination of Anglo Indian members in Parliament and State Assemblies for another ten years i . up to 1990.
Prime Minister
Indira Gandhi
46th
46th
No.
46th
Amendments
Amend articles 269, 286 and 366.
Amend schedule 7.
Enforced since
2 February 1983
Objectives
Amendment to negate judicial pronouncements on scope and applicability on Sales Tax.
47th
47th
No.
47th
Amendments
Amend schedule 9.
Enforced since
26 August 1984
Objectives
Place land reform acts and amendments to these act under Schedule 9 of the constitution.
48th
48th
No.
48th
Amendments
Amend article 356.
Enforced since
1 April 1985
Objectives
Article 356 amended to permit President's rule up to two years in the state of Punjab.
49th
49th
No.
49th
Amendments
Amend article 244.
Amend schedules 5 and 6.
Enforced since
11 September 1984
Objectives
Recognise Tripura as a tribal state and enable the creation of a Tripura Tribal Areas Autonomous District Council.
50th
50th
No.
50th
Amendments
Amend article 33.
Enforced since
11 September 1984
Objectives
Technical Amendment to curtailment of Fundamental Rights as per Part III as prescribed in Article 33 to cover Security Personnel protecting property and communication infrastructure.
51st
51st
No.
51st
Amendments
Amend articles 330 and 332.
Enforced since
16 June 1986
Objectives
Provide reservation to Scheduled Tribes in Nagaland, Meghalaya, Mizoram and Arunachal Pradesh in Loksabha, similarly for Meghalaya and Arunachal in their Legislative Assemblies.
52nd
52nd
No.
52nd
Amendments
Amend articles 101, 102, 190 and 191.
Insert schedule 10.
Enforced since
1 March 1985
Objectives
Anti Defection Law – Provide disqualification of members from parliament and assembly in case of defection from one party to other.
However, para 7 of the 10th Schedule was struck down by the Supreme Court in the case of Kihoto Hollohan v. Zachillhu 1992 SCR (1) 686, for being in contravention with Article 368 of the Constitution.
Prime Minister
Rajiv Gandhi
53rd
53rd
No.
53rd
Amendments
Insert article 371G.
Enforced since
20 February 1986
Objectives
Special provision with respect to the State of Mizoram.
54th
54th
No.
54th
Amendments
Amend articles 125 and 221.
Amend schedule 2.
Enforced since
1 April 1986
Objectives
Increase the salary of Chief Justice of India & other Judges and to provide for determining future increases without the need for constitutional amendment.
55th
55th
No.
55th
Amendments
Insert article 371H.
Enforced since
20 February 1987
Objectives
Special powers to Governor consequent to formation of state of Arunachal Pradesh.
56th
56th
No.
56th
Amendments
Insert article 371I.
Enforced since
30 May 1987
Objectives
Transition provision to enable formation of state of Goa.
57th
57th
No.
57th
Amendments
Amend article 332.
Enforced since
21 September 1987
Objectives
Provide reservation to Scheduled Tribes in Nagaland, Meghalaya, Mizoram and Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assemblies.
58th
58th
No.
58th
Amendments
Insert article 394A.
Amend part 22.
Enforced since
9 December 1987
Objectives
Provision to publish authentic Hindi translation of constitution as on date and provision to publish authentic Hindi translation of future amendments.
59th
59th
No.
59th
Amendments
Amend article 356.
Insert article 359A.
Enforced since
30 March 1988
Objectives
Article 356 amended to permit President's rule up to three years in the state of Punjab, Articles 352 and Article 359A amended to permit imposing emergency in state of Punjab or in specific districts of the state of Punjab.
60th
60th
No.
60th
Amendments
Amend article 276.
Enforced since
20 December 1988
Objectives
Profession Tax increased from a maximum of Rs. 250/- to a maximum of Rs. 2500/-.
61st
61st
No.
61st
Amendments
Amend article 326.
Enforced since
28 March 1989
Objectives
Reduce age for voting rights from 21 to 18.
62nd
62nd
No.
62nd
Amendments
Amend article 334.
Enforced since
25 January 1990
Objectives
Extend reservation for SCs and STs and nomination of Anglo Indian members in Parliament and State Assemblies for another ten years i . up to 2000.
Prime Minister
V. P. Singh
63rd
63rd
No.
63rd
Amendments
Amend article 356.
Remove article 359A.
Enforced since
6 January 1990
Objectives
Emergency powers applicable to State of Punjab, accorded in Article 359A as per amendment 59 repealed.
64th
64th
No.
64th
Amendments
Amend article 356.
Enforced since
16 April 1990
Objectives
Article 356 amended to permit President's rule up to three years and six months in the state of Punjab.
65th
65th
No.
65th
Amendments
Amend article 338.
Enforced since
12 March 1992
Objectives
National Commission for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes formed and its statutory powers specified in The Constitution.
66th
66th
No.
66th
Amendments
Amend schedule 9.
Enforced since
7 June 1990
Objectives
Place land reform acts and amendments to these act under Schedule 9 of the constitution.
67th
67th
No.
67th
Amendments
Amend article 356.
Enforced since
4 October 1990
Objectives
Article 356 amended to permit President's rule up to four years in the state of Punjab.
68th
68th
No.
68th
Amendments
Amend article 356.
Enforced since
12 March 1991
Objectives
Article 356 amended to permit President's rule up to five years in the state of Punjab.
Prime Minister
Chandra Shekhar
69th
69th
No.
69th
Amendments
Insert articles 239AA and 239AB.
Enforced since
1 February 1992
Objectives
To provide for a legislative assembly and council of ministers for National Capital Territory of Delhi. Delhi continues to be a Union Territory.
Prime Minister
P. V. Narasimha Rao
70th
70th
No.
70th
Amendments
Amend articles 54 and 239AA.
Enforced since
21 December 1991
Objectives
Include National Capital Territory of Delhi and Union Territory of Pondicherry in Electoral College for presidential election.
71st
71st
No.
71st
Amendments
Amend schedule 8.
Enforced since
31 August 1992
Objectives
Include Konkani, Manipuri and Nepali as official languages.
72nd
72nd
No.
72nd
Amendments
Amend article 332.
Enforced since
5 December 1992
Objectives
Provide reservation to Scheduled Tribes in Tripura State Legislative Assembly.
73rd
73rd
No.
73rd
Amendments
Insert part 9. Insert schedule 11.
Enforced since
24 April 1993
Objectives
Statutory provisions for Panchayati Raj as third level of administration in villages.
74th
74th
No.
74th
Amendments
Insert part 9A, insert schedule 12, amend article 280.
Enforced since
1 June 1993
Objectives
Statutory provisions for Local Administrative bodies as third level of administration in urban areas such as towns and cities.
75th
75th
No.
75th
Amendments
Amend article 323B.
Enforced since
15 May 1994
Objectives
Provisions for setting up Rent Control Tribunals.
76th
76th
No.
76th
Amendments
Amend schedule 9.
Enforced since
31 August 1994
Objectives
Enable continuance of 69% reservation in Tamil Nadu by including the relevant Tamil Nadu Act under 9th Schedule of the constitution.
77th
77th
No.
77th
Amendments
Amend article 16.
Enforced since
17 June 1995
Objectives
A technical amendment to protect reservation to SCs and STs Employees in promotions.
78th
78th
No.
78th
Amendments
Amend schedule 9.
Enforced since
30 August 1995
Objectives
Place land reform acts and amendments to these act under Schedule 9 of the constitution.
79th
79th
No.
79th
Amendments
Amend article 334.
Enforced since
25 January 2000
Objectives
Extend reservation for SCs and STs and nomination of Anglo Indian members in Parliament and State Assemblies for another ten years i . up to 2010.
Prime Minister
Atal Bihari Vajpayee
| No. | Amendments | Enforced since | Objectives | Prime Minister |
| 1st | 15, 19, 85, 87, 174, 176, 341, 342, 372 and 376. Insert articles 31A and 31B. Insert schedule 9. | 18 June 1951 | Added special provision for the advancement of any socially and educationally backward classes or for the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (SCs and STs). To fully secure the constitutional validity of zamindari abolition laws and to place reasonable restrictions on freedom of speech. A new constitutional device, called Schedule 9, introduced t | Jawaharlal Nehru |
| 2nd | Amend article 81(1)(b). | 1 May 1953 | Removed the upper limit of 750,000 people, allowing for a single member to represent a larger population in a parliamentary constituency by amending Article 81(1)(b). | |
| 3rd | Amend schedule 7. | 22 February 1955 | Re-enacted entry 33 of the Concurrent List in the Seventh Schedule with relation to include trade and commerce in, and the production, supply and distribution of four classes of essential commodities, viz., foodstuffs, including edible oil seeds and oils; cattle fodder, including oilcakes and other concentrates; raw cotton whether ginned or unginne | |
| 4th | Amend articles 31, 31A, and 305. Amend schedule 9. | 27 April 1955 | Primarily dealt with property rights and the state's power of acquisition. The amendment also included provisions to fix limits on the amount of agricultural land that an individual could own or occupy. Aimed to give the state full control over mineral and oil resources. | |
| 5th | Amend article 3. | 24 December 1955 | Empowered the President to prescribe a time limit for a State Legislature to convey its views on proposed Central laws relating to the formation of new States and alteration of areas, boundaries or names of existing States. Also permitted the President to extend the prescribed limit. | |
| 6th | Amend articles 269 and 286. Amend schedule 7. | 11 September 1956 | Amend the Union List and State List with respect to raising of taxes. | |
| 7th | Amend articles 1, 3, 49, 80, 81, 82, 131, 153, 158, 168, 170, 171, 216, 217, 220, 222, 224, 230, 231 and 232. Insert articles 258A, 290A, 298, 350A, 350B, 371, 372A and 378A. Amend part 8. Amend schedules 1, 2, 4 and 7. | 1 November 1956 | Reorganisation of states on linguistic lines, abolition of Class A, B, C, D states and introduction of Union territories. | |
| 8th | Amend article 334. | 5 January 1960 | Extended the period of reservation of seats for the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes and Anglo-Indians in the Lok Sabha and the State Legislative Assemblies till 1970. | |
| 9th | Amend schedule 1. | 28 December 1960 | Minor adjustments to territory of Indian Union consequent to agreement with Pakistan for settlement of disputes by demarcation of border villages, etc. | |
| 10th | Amend article 240. Amend schedule 1. | 11 August 1961 | Incorporation of Dadra and Nagar Haveli as a Union Territory, consequent to acquisition from Portugal. | |
| 11th | Amend articles 66 and 71. | 19 December 1961 | Election of Vice President by Electoral College consisting of members of both Houses of Parliament, instead of election by a Joint Sitting of Parliament. Indemnify the President and Vice President Election procedure from challenge on grounds of existence of any vacancies in the electoral college. | |
| 12th | Amend article 240. Amend schedule 1. | 20 December 1961 | Incorporation of Goa, Daman and Diu as a Union Territory, consequent to acquisition from Portugal. | |
| 13th | Amend article 170. Insert new article 371A. | 1 December 1962 | Special protection under Article 371A for newly create State of Nagaland. | |
| 14th | Amend articles 81 and 240. Insert article 239A. Amend schedules 1 and 4. | 28 December 1962 | Incorporation of Pondicherry into the Union of India and creation of Legislative Assemblies for Himachal Pradesh, Tripura, Manipur and Goa. | |
| 15th | Amend articles 124, 128, 217, 222, 224, 226, 297, 311 and 316. Insert article 224A. Amend schedule 7. | 5 October 1963 | Raise retirement age of High Court judges from 60 to 62 and other minor amendments for rationalising interpretation of rules regarding judges etc. | |
| 16th | Amend articles 19, 84 and 173. Amend schedule 3. | 5 October 1963 | Make it obligatory for seekers of public office to swear their allegiance to the Indian Republic and prescribe the various obligatory templates. | |
| 17th | Amend article 31A. Amend schedule 9. | 20 June 1964 | To secure the constitutional validity of acquisition of Estates and place land acquisition laws in Schedule 9 of the constitution. | |
| 18th | Amend article 3. | 27 August 1966 | Technical Amendment to include Union Territories in Article 3 and hence permit reorganisation of Union Territories. | Lal Bahadur Shastri |
| 19th | Amend article 324. | 11 December 1966 | Abolish Election Tribunals and enable trial of election petitions by regular High Courts. | |
| 20th | Insert article 233A. | 22 December 1966 | Indemnify & validate judgments, decrees, orders and sentences passed by judges and to validate the appointment, posting, promotion and transfer of judges barring a few who were not eligible for appointment under article 233. Amendment needed to overcome the effect of judgment invalidating appointments of certain judges in the state of Uttar Pradesh | |
| 21st | Amend schedule 8. | 10 April 1967 | Include Sindhi as an official language. | Indira Gandhi |
| 22nd | Amend article 275. Insert articles 244A and 371B. | 25 September 1969 | Provision to form Autonomous states within the State of Assam. | |
| 23rd | Amend articles 330, 332, 333 and 334. | 23 January 1970 | Discontinued reservation of seats for the Scheduled Tribes in Nagaland, both in the Lok Sabha and the State Legislative Assembly and stipulated that not more than one Anglo-Indian could be nominated by the Governor to any State Legislative Assembly. Extend reservation for SCs and STs and Anglo-Indian members in the Lok Sabha and State Assemblies fo | |
| 24th | Amend articles 13 and 368. | 5 November 1971 | Article 13(4) added. Enable Parliament to dilute Fundamental Rights through amendments to the Constitution. It was made compulsory for the President to give consent to the Constitution Amendment Bill. | |
| 25th | Amend article 31. Insert article 31C. | 8 December 1971 | Restrict property rights and compensation in case the state takes over private property. However, the Supreme Court quashed a part of Article 31C (4) to the extent it took away the power of judicial review. This was done in the landmark case of Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala (1973) 4 SCC 225 which for the first time enunciated the Basic str | |
| 26th | Amend article 366. Insert article 363A. Remove articles 291 and 362. | 28 December 1971 | Abolition of privy purse paid to former rulers of princely states which were incorporated into the Indian Republic. | |
| 27th | Amend articles 239A and 240. Insert articles 239B and 371C. | (i) 30 December 1971 & (ii) 15 February 1972 | Reorganisation of Mizoram into a Union Territory with a legislature and council of ministers. | |
| 28th | Insert article 312A. Remove article 314. | 29 August 1972 | Rationalise Civil Service rules to make it uniform across those appointed prior to Independence and post Independence. | |
| 29th | Amend schedule 9. | 9 June 1972 | 'Kerala land reform acts' and amendments to these act placed under Schedule 9 of the constitution. | |
| 30th | Amend article 133. | 9 June 1972 | Change the basis for appeals in Supreme Court of India in case of Civil Suits from value criteria to one involving substantial question of law. | |
| 31st | Amend articles 81, 330 and 332. | 17 October 1973 | Increase size of Parliament from 525 to 545 seats. Increased seats going to the new states formed in North East India and minor adjustment consequent to 1971 Delimitation exercise. | |
| 32nd | Amend article 371. Insert articles 371D and 371E. Amend schedule 7. | 1 July 1974 | Protection of regional rights in Telangana and Andhra regions of State of Andhra Pradesh. Supreme Court in P. Sambamurthy v. State of Andhra Pradesh 1987 SCC (1) 362 held clause (3) and (5) along with its Proviso of Article 371D as unconstitutional and void. It was found to be violative of basic structure doctrine, against the concept of justice a | |
| 33rd | Amend articles 101 and 190. | 19 May 1974 | Prescribes procedure for resignation by members of parliament and state legislatures and the procedure for verification and acceptance of resignation by house speaker. | |
| 34th | Amend schedule 9. | 7 September 1974 | Place land reform acts and amendments to these act under Schedule 9 of the constitution. | |
| 35th | Amend articles 80 and 81. Insert article 2A. Insert schedule 10. | 1 March 1975 | Terms and Conditions for the Incorporation of Sikkim into the Union of India. | |
| 36th | Amend articles 80 and 81. Insert article 371F. Remove article 2A. Amend schedules 1 and 4. Remove schedule 10. | 26 April 1975 | Formation of Sikkim as a State within the Indian Union. | |
| 37th | Amend articles 239A and 240. | 3 May 1975 | Formation of Arunachal Pradesh legislative assembly. | |
| 38th | Amend articles 123, 213, 239B, 352, 356, 359 and 360. | 1 August 1975 | Enhances the powers of President and Governors to pass ordinances. | |
| 39th | Amend articles 71 and 329. Insert article 329A. Amend schedule 9. | 10 August 1975 | Amendment designed to negate the judgement of Allahabad HC in State of Uttar Pradesh v. Raj Narain 1975 SCR (3) 333 invalidating PM Indira Gandhi's election to parliament. Amendment placed restrictions on judicial scrutiny of post of Prime Minister. Irrespective of electoral malpractice, no case can be filed against president, vice president, speak | |
| 40th | Amend article 297. Amend schedule 9. | 27 May 1976 | Enable Parliament to make laws with respect to Exclusive Economic Zone and vest the mineral wealth with Union of India. Place land reform & other acts and amendments to these act under Schedule 9 of the constitution. | |
| 41st | Amend article 316. | 7 September 1976 | Raise Retirement Age Limit of Chairmen and Members of Joint Public Service Commissions and State Public Service Commissions from sixty to sixty two. No case can be filed against prime minister, governor, president, even after they demit office (which was later struck down by supreme court) | |
| 42nd | Amend articles 31, 31C, 39, 55, 74, 77, 81, 82, 83, 100, 102, 103, 105, 118, 145, 150, 166, 170, 172, 189, 191, 192, 194, 208, 217, 225, 226, 227, 228, 311, 312, 330, 352, 353, 356, 357, 358, 359, 366, 368 and 371F. Insert articles 31D, 32A, 39A, 43A, 48A, 131A, 139A, 144A, 226A, 228A and 257A. Insert parts IVA and XIVA. Amend schedule 7. | 3 January, 1 February & 1 April 1977 | Amendment passed during internal emergency by Indira Gandhi. Provides for curtailment of fundamental rights, imposes fundamental duties and changes to the basic structure of the constitution by making India a "Sovereign Socialist Secular Democratic Republic". However, the Supreme Court, in Minerva Mills v. Union of India 1980 SCC (3) 625, quashed | |
| 43rd | Amend articles 145, 226, 228 and 366. Remove articles 31D, 32A, 131A, 144A, 226A and 228A. | 13 April 1978 | Amendment passed after revocation of internal emergency in the Country. Repeals some of the more 'Anti-Freedom' amendments enacted through Amendment Bill 42. | Morarji Desai |
| 44th | Amend articles 19, 22, 30, 31A, 31C, 38, 71, 74, 77, 83, 103, 105, 123, 132, 133, 134, 139A, 150, 166, 172, 192, 194, 213, 217, 225, 226, 227, 239B, 329, 352, 356, 358, 359, 360 and 371F. Insert articles 134A and 361A. Remove articles 31, 257A and 329A. Amend part 12. Amend schedule 9. | 20 June, 1 August & 6 September 1979 | Amendment passed after revocation of internal emergency in the Country. Article 19(1)(f) right to property was omitted. Provides for human rights safeguards and mechanisms to prevent abuse of executive and legislative authority. Annuls some Amendments enacted in Amendment Bill 42. | |
| 45th | Amend article 334. | 25 January 1980 | Extend reservation for SCs and STs and nomination of Anglo Indian members in Parliament and State Assemblies for another ten years i . up to 1990. | Indira Gandhi |
| 46th | Amend articles 269, 286 and 366. Amend schedule 7. | 2 February 1983 | Amendment to negate judicial pronouncements on scope and applicability on Sales Tax. | |
| 47th | Amend schedule 9. | 26 August 1984 | Place land reform acts and amendments to these act under Schedule 9 of the constitution. | |
| 48th | Amend article 356. | 1 April 1985 | Article 356 amended to permit President's rule up to two years in the state of Punjab. | |
| 49th | Amend article 244. Amend schedules 5 and 6. | 11 September 1984 | Recognise Tripura as a tribal state and enable the creation of a Tripura Tribal Areas Autonomous District Council. |
References
- indiahttps://www.india.gov.in/my-government/constitution-india/amendments
- "The Constitution Amendment Acts"https://web.archive.org/web/20080427052233/http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/coifiles/amendment.htm
- Yale Journal of International Lawhttps://web.archive.org/web/20160304075730/http://www.yale.edu/yjil/files_PDFs/vol34/Krishnamurthy.pdf
- Lok Sabha Secretariathttps://web.archive.org/web/20131203013055/http://164.100.47.134/intranet/CAI/1.pdf
- "First Amendment"https://web.archive.org/web/20080422192347/http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend1.htm
- "AMENDMENT ACTS"https://legislative.gov.in/amendment-acts
- "THE CONSTITUTION (FIRST AMENDMENT) ACT, 1951|Legislative Department | Ministry of Law and Justice | GoI"https://legislative.gov.in/constitution-first-amendment-act-1951
- "Second Amendment"https://web.archive.org/web/20080422192351/http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend2.htm
- "Third Amendment"https://web.archive.org/web/20080121181136/http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend3.htm
- "Fourth Amendment"https://web.archive.org/web/20080621113611/http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend4.htm
- "Fifth Amendment"https://web.archive.org/web/20080121181302/http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend5.htm
- "Sixth Amendment"https://web.archive.org/web/20080121181352/http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend6.htm
- "Seventh Amendment"https://web.archive.org/web/20170501011646/http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend7.htm
- "Eighth Amendment"https://web.archive.org/web/20080121181534/http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend8.htm
- "Ninth Amendment"https://web.archive.org/web/20080125225558/http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend9.htm
- "Tenth Amendment"https://web.archive.org/web/20080121180953/http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend10.htm
- "Eleventh Amendment"https://web.archive.org/web/20080121180958/http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend11.htm
- "Twelfth Amendment"https://web.archive.org/web/20080121181003/http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend12.htm
- "Thirteenth Amendment"https://web.archive.org/web/20080121181009/http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend13.htm
- "Fourteenth Amendment"https://web.archive.org/web/20080121181013/http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend14.htm