| Aircraft | Origin | Type | Variant | In service | Notes |
| Combat Aircraft |
| | Sukhoi Su-57 | Russia | stealth multirole | | 29 | 78 on order |
| A Russian Air Force Su-35S | Sukhoi Su-35 | Russia | air superiority | Su-35S | 118+ | As of 28 May 2024 at least 7 Su-35S have been lost in the Russian Invasion of Ukraine.[citation needed] |
| A Russian Air Force Su-34 | Sukhoi Su-34 | Russia | multirole | | 142-163+ | As of 27 July 2024 at least 27 Su-34 and one Su-34M have been lost in the Russian Invasion of Ukraine.[citation needed] |
| | Sukhoi Su-30 | Russia | multirole | Su-30SM/M2 | 110+ | 91 Su-30SM and 19 Su-30M2 in service as of 2022 and new deliveries were conducted in late 2023 and mid 2024. As of 28 May 2024 at least 11 Su-30SM have been lost in the Russian Invasion of Ukraine.[citation needed] |
| | Mikoyan MiG-35 | Russia | multirole | MiG-35S/UB | 6 | |
| | Mikoyan MiG-31 | USSR | interceptor / attack | MiG-31BM/BSM/K | 128-247 | |
| | Mikoyan MiG-29 | USSR/Russia | air superiority | MiG-29S/UB/SMT/UBT | 256 | To be replaced by the MiG-35[citation needed] |
| | Sukhoi Su-27 | USSR/Russia | air superiority | Su-27P/UB/SM/SM3 | <422 | |
| | Sukhoi Su-25 | USSR | attack | Su-25/UB/SM/SM3 | 175 | |
| | Sukhoi Su-24 | USSR | attack | Su-24M/M2 | 260 | To be replaced by the Su-34[citation needed] |
| A Tu-160 during the 2018 Victory Day Parade | Tupolev Tu-160 | USSR/Russia | strategic bomber | Tu-160/M | 17 | 10+40 on order |
| | Tupolev Tu-95 | USSR | strategic bomber | Tu-95MS/MS16 | 47 | 3x Tu-95MS destroyed plus 1x damaged by Ukraine SBU attack on Olenya airbase 3x Tu-95MS destroyed plus 1x damaged by Ukraine SBU attack on Belyay airbase |
| | Tupolev Tu-22M | USSR | strategic bomber | Tu-22M3/M3M | 56 | 1x Tu-22 destroyed at Soltsy airfield, 19 Aug 2023 1x Tu-22 crashed after shot by Ukrainian air defense, mid Apr 2024 4x Tu-22M3 destroyed by Ukraine SBU attack on Belaya airbase, 1 Jun 2025 |
| AWACS |
| A Beriev A-50 in flight | Beriev A-50 | USSR | AWACS | A-50/U | 12 | 7 modernized to A-50U 1x A-50 damaged by BYPOL in Belarus, 26 Feb 2023 2x A-50 shot down by Ukraine air defense, 14 Jan 2024 and 23 Feb 2024 1x A-50 damaged by Ukraine SBU attack on Ivanovo airbase, 1 Jun 2025 |
| | Ilyushin Il-80 | USSR | command and control | | 3 | |
| | Ilyushin Il-76 | USSR | command and control | Il-82 | 1 | |
| | Ilyushin Il-18V | USSR | command and control | Il-18/20/22/M | 15 | |
| Electronic Warfare |
| | Antonov An-12 | USSR | radar jamming | An-12PP | 4 | |
| | Ilyushin Il-22 | USSR | radar jamming | Il-22PP | 3 | |
| Reconnaissance |
| | Antonov An-30 | USSR | reconnaissance | | 16 | |
| | Ilyushin Il-20 | USSR | SIGINT / ELINT | Il-20/M | 12 | |
| | Tupolev Tu-214 | Russia | reconnaissance | Tu-214ON/PU-SBUS | 4 | |
| A Tu-214R taking off from Borisoglebskoye Airfield | Tupolev Tu-214R | Russia | SIGINT / ELINT | Tu-214R | 2 | |
| Tanker |
| An Il-78M of the 203rd Guards Air Refuelling Regiment | Ilyushin Il-78 | USSR | air refueling | Il-78/M | 20 | 10+21 on order, 1 modernized to Il-78M2 |
| Transport |
| | Antonov An-12 | USSR | transport | An-12B/BK | 55 | |
| | Antonov An-22 | USSR | transport | An-22A | 4 | |
| | Antonov An-26 | USSR | transport | | 115 | |
| | Antonov An-72 | USSR | transport | An-72/P | 31 | |
| An An-124-100 accompanied by a Su-27UB | Antonov An-124 | USSR | strategic airlifter | An-124-100 | 5 | |
| | Antonov An-140 | Ukraine/Russia | transport | An-140-100 | 3 | |
| | Antonov An-148 | Ukraine/Russia | VIP transport | An-148-100E | 15 | |
| | Ilyushin Il-18 | USSR | transport | Il-18D/V | 3 | |
| | Ilyushin Il-62 | USSR/Russia | VIP transport | Il-62M | 7 | |
| | Ilyushin Il-76 | USSR/Russia | strategic airlifter | Il-76M/MD/MD-M/MD-90A | 130 | 7 on order |
| | Let L-410 Turbolet | Czechoslovakia | transport | | 53 | 2 on order |
| | Tupolev Tu-134 | USSR | transport | | 6 | |
| | Tupolev Tu-154 | USSR | transport | Tu-154B-2/M | 3 | |
| Helicopter |
| | Eurocopter AS350 / AS355 | France | utility | | 2 | |
| | Kazan Ansat | Russia | utility | Ansat-U | 50 | |
| | Kamov Ka-27 | USSR | attack | | 6 | |
| A Russian Air Force Ka-52 in flight | Kamov Ka-52 | Russia | attack | | 135 | 16+25 on order |
| | Kamov Ka-226 | Russia | utility | | 36 | |