List of United States presidential candidates

References

1. The pre-12th Amendment constitutional rules required a contingent election when multiple candidates tied for the highest
2. A presidential candidate must win a majority of the electoral vote to win the election. If no candidate wins a majority
3. Five candidates have lost a presidential election despite winning a plurality or majority of the popular vote in that el
4. Clinton was a Northern Democratic-Republican who challenged the incumbent Democratic-Republican president, James Madison
5. The Federalists did not nominate a ticket in 1816, though some Federalists were elected to serve as presidential elector
6. The Federalist Party did not nominate a presidential candidate and essentially conceded the 1820 presidential election b
7. The Democratic-Republican Party was unable to unite behind a single candidate in 1824. Four Democratic-Republicans recei
8. The Whigs did not unite around a single candidate in 1836, but the party ran only one presidential candidate per state.
9. After his defeat at the 1852 Whig National Convention, Webster allowed various third party groups to nominate him for pr
10. After the collapse of the Whig Party in the mid-1850s, the Republican Party and the American Party (the political organi
11. The Democratic Party fractured along sectional lines in 1860 and held multiple national conventions. The Northern Democr
12. Hoping to rally War Democrats and other unionists during the American Civil War, the Republican Party campaigned as the
13. Greeley and his running mate, Benjamin Gratz Brown, were originally nominated by the Liberal Republican Party, a splinte
14. Though other losing candidates have won a plurality of the popular vote, Tilden is the only candidate in American histor
15. In 1896, after Bryan won the Democratic presidential nomination, he was also nominated by the Populist Party, a major th
16. Byrd did not campaign in the 1960 election, and he tacitly supported the candidacy of Republican Richard Nixon. Nonethel
17. Kennedy had withdrawn from the presidential race on August 23, 2024 and endorsed Republican Donald Trump.
18. Washington Post
    https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2016/04/27/why-are-there-only-two-parties-in-american-politics/
19. Contingent Election of the President and Vice President by Congress: Perspectives and Contemporary Analysis
    https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R40504.pdf
20. National Archives and Records Administration
    https://www.archives.gov/federal-register/electoral-college/scores.html#1789
21. Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections
    https://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/index.html
22. Southwick (1998), pp. 12–13
23. FairVote
    https://www.fairvote.org/faithless_electors
24. Morgan (1969), pp. 191–193
25. Siry (1985), pp. 457–460
26. Deskins et al. (2010), pp. 65
27. Miller Center
    https://millercenter.org/president/monroe/campaigns-and-elections
28. Morgan (1969), p. 195
29. Deskins et al. (2010), pp. 106–107
30. Gienapp (1988), pp. 20–21
31. Gienapp (1988), pp. 29–30
32. McPherson (1988), pp. 140–144, 153–154
33. Miller Center
    https://millercenter.org/president/buchanan/campaigns-and-elections
34. "How the 19th-Century Know Nothing Party Reshaped American Politics"
    https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/immigrants-conspiracies-and-secret-society-launched-american-nativism-180961915/
35. Hicks (1933), p. 10
36. Gienapp (1985), p. 547
37. Smith (1975), pp. 106–113
38. "Campaign of 1860"
    http://lincoln.lib.niu.edu/message/campaign1860
39. "Third Party Movements in American Politics"
    https://library.cqpress.com/cqresearcher/document.php?id=cqresrre1936072200
40. Rosenstone et al. (2018), pp. 59–63
41. Hicks (1933), pp. 3–28
42. White (2009), pp. 592–593.
43. Hale (1950), p. 338
44. Faber & Bedford (2008), p. 81
45. Kazin (2006), pp. 63–65
46. Sweeney (1991), pp. 3, 32
47. Sweeney (1991), p. 3
48. USA Today
    https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2024/08/23/rfk-drops-out-2024-supports-donald-trump/74896591007/