List of U.S. state and territory abbreviations
Updated: 11/5/2025, 10:49:27 AM Wikipedia source
Several sets of codes and abbreviations are used to represent the political divisions of the United States for postal addresses, data processing, general abbreviations, and other purposes.
Tables
· Table
ISO
ISO
Codes:
ISO
Codes:
ISO 3166 codes (2-letter, 3-letter, and 3-digit codes from ISO 3166-1; 2+2-letter codes from ISO 3166-2)
ANSI
ANSI
Codes:
ANSI
Codes:
2-digit codes from the ANSI standard INCITS 38:2009 (supersedes FIPS 5-2)
USPS
USPS
Codes:
USPS
Codes:
2-letter codes used by the United States Postal Service and ANSI INCITS 38:2009 (bold red text shows differences between USPS and ANSI)
USCG
USCG
Codes:
USCG
Codes:
2-letter codes used by the United States Coast Guard (bold red text shows differences between ANSI and USCG)
Abbreviations:
Abbreviations:
Codes:
Abbreviations:
GPO
GPO
Codes:
GPO
Codes:
Older variable-length official US Government Printing Office abbreviations
AP
AP
Codes:
AP
Codes:
Abbreviations from the AP Stylebook (bold red text shows differences between GPO and AP)
Court
Court
Codes:
Court
Codes:
Abbreviations used by the United States federal judiciary system
| Codes: | |
| ISO | ISO 3166 codes (2-letter, 3-letter, and 3-digit codes from ISO 3166-1; 2+2-letter codes from ISO 3166-2) |
| ANSI | 2-digit codes from the ANSI standard INCITS 38:2009 (supersedes FIPS 5-2) |
| USPS | 2-letter codes used by the United States Postal Service and ANSI INCITS 38:2009 (bold red text shows differences between USPS and ANSI) |
| USCG | 2-letter codes used by the United States Coast Guard (bold red text shows differences between ANSI and USCG) |
| Abbreviations: | |
| GPO | Older variable-length official US Government Printing Office abbreviations |
| AP | Abbreviations from the AP Stylebook (bold red text shows differences between GPO and AP) |
| Court | Abbreviations used by the United States federal judiciary system |
Codes and abbreviations for U.S. states, federal district, territories, and other regions · Table
United States of America
United States of America
Name
United States of America
Status of region
Federal state(not defined by USPS)
ISO
mw- USUSA840
ANSI
00
USPS(& ANSI)
US
GPO
U.S.
AP
U.S.A.
Alabama
Alabama
Name
Alabama
Status of region
State
ISO
US-AL
ANSI
01
USPS(& ANSI)
AL
USCG
Ala.
Alaska
Alaska
Name
Alaska
Status of region
State
ISO
US-AK
ANSI
02
USPS(& ANSI)
AK
USCG
Alaska
GPO
Ak.
Arizona
Arizona
Name
Arizona
Status of region
State
ISO
US-AZ
ANSI
04
USPS(& ANSI)
AZ
USCG
Ariz.
Arkansas
Arkansas
Name
Arkansas
Status of region
State
ISO
US-AR
ANSI
05
USPS(& ANSI)
AR
USCG
Ark.
California
California
Name
California
Status of region
State
ISO
US-CA
ANSI
06
USPS(& ANSI)
CA
USCG
CF
GPO
Calif.
AP
Cal.
Court
Cal.
Colorado
Colorado
Name
Colorado
Status of region
State
ISO
US-CO
ANSI
08
USPS(& ANSI)
CO
USCG
CL
GPO
Colo.
Connecticut
Connecticut
Name
Connecticut
Status of region
State
ISO
US-CT
ANSI
09
USPS(& ANSI)
CT
USCG
Conn.
Delaware
Delaware
Name
Delaware
Status of region
State
ISO
US-DE
ANSI
10
USPS(& ANSI)
DE
USCG
DL
GPO
Del.
District of Columbia
District of Columbia
Name
District of Columbia
Status of region
Federal district
ISO
US-DC
ANSI
11
USPS(& ANSI)
DC
USCG
D.C.
GPO
Dis. Col.
Florida
Florida
Name
Florida
Status of region
State
ISO
US-FL
ANSI
12
USPS(& ANSI)
FL
USCG
Fla.
Georgia
Georgia
Name
Georgia
Status of region
State
ISO
US-GA
ANSI
13
USPS(& ANSI)
GA
USCG
Ga.
GPO
Geo.
Hawaii
Hawaii
Name
Hawaii
Status of region
State
ISO
US-HI
ANSI
15
USPS(& ANSI)
HI
USCG
HA
GPO
Hawaii
AP
Haw.
Court
Hi.; Haw.
Idaho
Idaho
Name
Idaho
Status of region
State
ISO
US-ID
ANSI
16
USPS(& ANSI)
ID
USCG
Idaho
GPO
Ida.
Illinois
Illinois
Name
Illinois
Status of region
State
ISO
US-IL
ANSI
17
USPS(& ANSI)
IL
USCG
Ill.
Indiana
Indiana
Name
Indiana
Status of region
State
ISO
US-IN
ANSI
18
USPS(& ANSI)
IN
USCG
Ind.
Iowa
Iowa
Name
Iowa
Status of region
State
ISO
US-IA
ANSI
19
USPS(& ANSI)
IA
USCG
Iowa
GPO
Ioa.
Kansas
Kansas
Name
Kansas
Status of region
State
ISO
US-KS
ANSI
20
USPS(& ANSI)
KS
USCG
KA
GPO
Kans.
AP
Kan.
Court
Kan.
Others
Ka.
Kentucky
Kentucky
Name
Kentucky
Status of region
State
ISO
US-KY
ANSI
21
USPS(& ANSI)
KY
USCG
Ky.
GPO
Ken., Kent.
Louisiana
Louisiana
Name
Louisiana
Status of region
State
ISO
US-LA
ANSI
22
USPS(& ANSI)
LA
USCG
La.
Maine
Maine
Name
Maine
Status of region
State
ISO
US-ME
ANSI
23
USPS(& ANSI)
ME
USCG
Maine
GPO
Me.
Maryland
Maryland
Name
Maryland
Status of region
State
ISO
US-MD
ANSI
24
USPS(& ANSI)
MD
USCG
Md.
GPO
Mar., Mary.
Massachusetts
Massachusetts
Name
Massachusetts
Status of region
State
ISO
US-MA
ANSI
25
USPS(& ANSI)
MA
USCG
MS
GPO
Mass.
Michigan
Michigan
Name
Michigan
Status of region
State
ISO
US-MI
ANSI
26
USPS(& ANSI)
MI
USCG
MC
GPO
Mich.
Minnesota
Minnesota
Name
Minnesota
Status of region
State
ISO
US-MN
ANSI
27
USPS(& ANSI)
MN
USCG
Minn.
Mississippi
Mississippi
Name
Mississippi
Status of region
State
ISO
US-MS
ANSI
28
USPS(& ANSI)
MS
USCG
MI
GPO
Miss.
Missouri
Missouri
Name
Missouri
Status of region
State
ISO
US-MO
ANSI
29
USPS(& ANSI)
MO
USCG
Mo.
Montana
Montana
Name
Montana
Status of region
State
ISO
US-MT
ANSI
30
USPS(& ANSI)
MT
USCG
Mont.
Nebraska
Nebraska
Name
Nebraska
Status of region
State
ISO
US-NE
ANSI
31
USPS(& ANSI)
NE
USCG
NB
GPO
Nebr.
AP
Neb.
Nevada
Nevada
Name
Nevada
Status of region
State
ISO
US-NV
ANSI
32
USPS(& ANSI)
NV
USCG
Nev.
New Hampshire
New Hampshire
Name
New Hampshire
Status of region
State
ISO
US-NH
ANSI
33
USPS(& ANSI)
NH
USCG
N.H.
New Jersey
New Jersey
Name
New Jersey
Status of region
State
ISO
US-NJ
ANSI
34
USPS(& ANSI)
NJ
USCG
N.J.
GPO
N. Jersey
New Mexico
New Mexico
Name
New Mexico
Status of region
State
ISO
US-NM
ANSI
35
USPS(& ANSI)
NM
USCG
N. Mex.
GPO
N.M.
AP
New M., New Mex.
New York
New York
Name
New York
Status of region
State
ISO
US-NY
ANSI
36
USPS(& ANSI)
NY
USCG
N.Y.
GPO
N. York
North Carolina
North Carolina
Name
North Carolina
Status of region
State
ISO
US-NC
ANSI
37
USPS(& ANSI)
NC
USCG
N.C.
GPO
N. Car.
North Dakota
North Dakota
Name
North Dakota
Status of region
State
ISO
US-ND
ANSI
38
USPS(& ANSI)
ND
USCG
N. Dak.
GPO
N.D.
Ohio
Ohio
Name
Ohio
Status of region
State
ISO
US-OH
ANSI
39
USPS(& ANSI)
OH
USCG
Ohio
GPO
O., Oh.
Oklahoma
Oklahoma
Name
Oklahoma
Status of region
State
ISO
US-OK
ANSI
40
USPS(& ANSI)
OK
USCG
Okla.
Oregon
Oregon
Name
Oregon
Status of region
State
ISO
US-OR
ANSI
41
USPS(& ANSI)
OR
USCG
Oreg.
GPO
Ore.
AP
Or.
Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania
Name
Pennsylvania
Status of region
State
ISO
US-PA
ANSI
42
USPS(& ANSI)
PA
USCG
Pa.
GPO
Penn., Penna.
Rhode Island
Rhode Island
Name
Rhode Island
Status of region
State
ISO
US-RI
ANSI
44
USPS(& ANSI)
RI
USCG
R.I.
GPO
R.I. & P.P.
South Carolina
South Carolina
Name
South Carolina
Status of region
State
ISO
US-SC
ANSI
45
USPS(& ANSI)
SC
USCG
S.C.
GPO
S. Car.
South Dakota
South Dakota
Name
South Dakota
Status of region
State
ISO
US-SD
ANSI
46
USPS(& ANSI)
SD
USCG
S. Dak.
GPO
S.D.
AP
SoDak
Tennessee
Tennessee
Name
Tennessee
Status of region
State
ISO
US-TN
ANSI
47
USPS(& ANSI)
TN
USCG
Tenn.
Texas
Texas
Name
Texas
Status of region
State
ISO
US-TX
ANSI
48
USPS(& ANSI)
TX
USCG
Tex.
GPO
Texas
AP
Tex.
Utah
Utah
Name
Utah
Status of region
State
ISO
US-UT
ANSI
49
USPS(& ANSI)
UT
USCG
Utah
GPO
Ut.
Vermont
Vermont
Name
Vermont
Status of region
State
ISO
US-VT
ANSI
50
USPS(& ANSI)
VT
USCG
Vt.
GPO
Verm.
Virginia
Virginia
Name
Virginia
Status of region
State
ISO
US-VA
ANSI
51
USPS(& ANSI)
VA
USCG
Va.
GPO
Virg.
Washington
Washington
Name
Washington
Status of region
State
ISO
US-WA
ANSI
53
USPS(& ANSI)
WA
USCG
WN
GPO
Wash.
AP
Wn.
West Virginia
West Virginia
Name
West Virginia
Status of region
State
ISO
US-WV
ANSI
54
USPS(& ANSI)
WV
USCG
W. Va.
GPO
W.Va.
AP
W. Va.
Court
W.V., W. Virg.
Wisconsin
Wisconsin
Name
Wisconsin
Status of region
State
ISO
US-WI
ANSI
55
USPS(& ANSI)
WI
USCG
WS
GPO
Wis.
AP
Wisc.
Wyoming
Wyoming
Name
Wyoming
Status of region
State
ISO
US-WY
ANSI
56
USPS(& ANSI)
WY
USCG
Wyo.
American Samoa
American Samoa
Name
American Samoa
Status of region
Insular area (Territory)
ISO
ASASM016US-AS
ANSI
60
USPS(& ANSI)
AS
USCG
A.S.
Guam
Guam
Name
Guam
Status of region
Insular area (Territory)
ISO
GUGUM316US-GU
ANSI
66
USPS(& ANSI)
GU
USCG
Guam
AP
Guam
Northern Mariana Islands
Northern Mariana Islands
Name
Northern Mariana Islands
Status of region
Insular area (Commonwealth)
ISO
MPMNP580US-MP
ANSI
69
USPS(& ANSI)
MP
USCG
CM
GPO
M.P.
Court
N. Mar. I.
Others
CNMI
Puerto Rico
Puerto Rico
Name
Puerto Rico
Status of region
Insular area (Commonwealth)
ISO
PRPRI630US-PR
ANSI
72
USPS(& ANSI)
PR
USCG
P.R.
AP
P.R.
U.S. Virgin Islands
U.S. Virgin Islands
Name
U.S. Virgin Islands
Status of region
Insular area (Territory)
ISO
VIVIR850US-VI
ANSI
78
USPS(& ANSI)
VI
USCG
V.I.
AP
V.I.
Court
U.S.V.I.
U.S. Minor Outlying Islands
U.S. Minor Outlying Islands
Name
U.S. Minor Outlying Islands
Status of region
Insular areas
ISO
UMUMI581US-UM
ANSI
74
USPS(& ANSI)
UM
Baker Island
Baker Island
Name
Baker Island
Status of region
Island
ISO
UM-81
ANSI
81
Others
XB
Howland Island
Howland Island
Name
Howland Island
Status of region
Island
ISO
UM-84
ANSI
84
Others
XH
Jarvis Island
Jarvis Island
Name
Jarvis Island
Status of region
Island
ISO
UM-86
ANSI
86
Others
XQ
Johnston Atoll
Johnston Atoll
Name
Johnston Atoll
Status of region
Atoll
ISO
UM-67
ANSI
67
Others
XU
Kingman Reef
Kingman Reef
Name
Kingman Reef
Status of region
Atoll
ISO
UM-89
ANSI
89
Others
XM
Midway Atoll
Midway Atoll
Name
Midway Atoll
Status of region
Atoll
ISO
UM-71
ANSI
71
Others
QM
Navassa Island
Navassa Island
Name
Navassa Island
Status of region
Island
ISO
UM-76
ANSI
76
Others
XV
Palmyra Atoll
Palmyra Atoll
Name
Palmyra Atoll
Status of region
Atoll
ISO
UM-95
ANSI
95
Others
XL
Wake Island
Wake Island
Name
Wake Island
Status of region
Atoll
ISO
UM-79
ANSI
79
Others
QW
Marshall Islands
Marshall Islands
Name
Marshall Islands
Status of region
Freely associated state
ISO
MHMHL584
ANSI
68
USPS(& ANSI)
MH
Micronesia
Micronesia
Name
Micronesia
Status of region
Freely associated state
ISO
FMFSM583
ANSI
64
USPS(& ANSI)
FM
Palau
Palau
Name
Palau
Status of region
Freely associated state
ISO
PWPLW585
ANSI
70
USPS(& ANSI)
PW
U.S. Armed Forces – Americas
U.S. Armed Forces – Americas
Name
U.S. Armed Forces – Americas
Status of region
US military mail code(not in the ANSI standard)
USPS(& ANSI)
AA
U.S. Armed Forces – Europe
U.S. Armed Forces – Europe
Name
U.S. Armed Forces – Europe
Status of region
US military mail code(not in the ANSI standard)
USPS(& ANSI)
AE
U.S. Armed Forces – Pacific
U.S. Armed Forces – Pacific
Name
U.S. Armed Forces – Pacific
Status of region
US military mail code(not in the ANSI standard)
USPS(& ANSI)
AP
Nebraska
Nebraska
Name
Nebraska
Status of region
Obsolete postal code
USPS(& ANSI)
NB
Northern Mariana Islands
Northern Mariana Islands
Name
Northern Mariana Islands
Status of region
Obsolete postal code
USPS(& ANSI)
CM
Panama Canal Zone
Panama Canal Zone
Name
Panama Canal Zone
Status of region
Obsolete postal code
ISO
PZPCZ594
USPS(& ANSI)
CZ
Philippine Islands
Philippine Islands
Name
Philippine Islands
Status of region
Obsolete postal code
ISO
PHPHL608
USPS(& ANSI)
PI
Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands
Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands
Name
Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands
Status of region
Obsolete postal code
ISO
PCPCI582
USPS(& ANSI)
TT
| Name | Status of region | ISO | ANSI | USPS(& ANSI) | USCG | GPO | AP | Court | Others |
| United States of America | Federal state(not defined by USPS) | mw- USUSA840 | 00 | US | U.S. | U.S.A. | |||
| Alabama | State | US-AL | 01 | AL | Ala. | ||||
| Alaska | State | US-AK | 02 | AK | Alaska | Ak. | |||
| Arizona | State | US-AZ | 04 | AZ | Ariz. | ||||
| Arkansas | State | US-AR | 05 | AR | Ark. | ||||
| California | State | US-CA | 06 | CA | CF | Calif. | Cal. | Cal. | |
| Colorado | State | US-CO | 08 | CO | CL | Colo. | |||
| Connecticut | State | US-CT | 09 | CT | Conn. | ||||
| Delaware | State | US-DE | 10 | DE | DL | Del. | |||
| District of Columbia | Federal district | US-DC | 11 | DC | D.C. | Dis. Col. | |||
| Florida | State | US-FL | 12 | FL | Fla. | ||||
| Georgia | State | US-GA | 13 | GA | Ga. | Geo. | |||
| Hawaii | State | US-HI | 15 | HI | HA | Hawaii | Haw. | Hi.; Haw. | |
| Idaho | State | US-ID | 16 | ID | Idaho | Ida. | |||
| Illinois | State | US-IL | 17 | IL | Ill. | ||||
| Indiana | State | US-IN | 18 | IN | Ind. | ||||
| Iowa | State | US-IA | 19 | IA | Iowa | Ioa. | |||
| Kansas | State | US-KS | 20 | KS | KA | Kans. | Kan. | Kan. | Ka. |
| Kentucky | State | US-KY | 21 | KY | Ky. | Ken., Kent. | |||
| Louisiana | State | US-LA | 22 | LA | La. | ||||
| Maine | State | US-ME | 23 | ME | Maine | Me. | |||
| Maryland | State | US-MD | 24 | MD | Md. | Mar., Mary. | |||
| Massachusetts | State | US-MA | 25 | MA | MS | Mass. | |||
| Michigan | State | US-MI | 26 | MI | MC | Mich. | |||
| Minnesota | State | US-MN | 27 | MN | Minn. | ||||
| Mississippi | State | US-MS | 28 | MS | MI | Miss. | |||
| Missouri | State | US-MO | 29 | MO | Mo. | ||||
| Montana | State | US-MT | 30 | MT | Mont. | ||||
| Nebraska | State | US-NE | 31 | NE | NB | Nebr. | Neb. | ||
| Nevada | State | US-NV | 32 | NV | Nev. | ||||
| New Hampshire | State | US-NH | 33 | NH | N.H. | ||||
| New Jersey | State | US-NJ | 34 | NJ | N.J. | N. Jersey | |||
| New Mexico | State | US-NM | 35 | NM | N. Mex. | N.M. | New M., New Mex. | ||
| New York | State | US-NY | 36 | NY | N.Y. | N. York | |||
| North Carolina | State | US-NC | 37 | NC | N.C. | N. Car. | |||
| North Dakota | State | US-ND | 38 | ND | N. Dak. | N.D. | |||
| Ohio | State | US-OH | 39 | OH | Ohio | O., Oh. | |||
| Oklahoma | State | US-OK | 40 | OK | Okla. | ||||
| Oregon | State | US-OR | 41 | OR | Oreg. | Ore. | Or. | ||
| Pennsylvania | State | US-PA | 42 | PA | Pa. | Penn., Penna. | |||
| Rhode Island | State | US-RI | 44 | RI | R.I. | R.I. & P.P. | |||
| South Carolina | State | US-SC | 45 | SC | S.C. | S. Car. | |||
| South Dakota | State | US-SD | 46 | SD | S. Dak. | S.D. | SoDak | ||
| Tennessee | State | US-TN | 47 | TN | Tenn. | ||||
| Texas | State | US-TX | 48 | TX | Tex. | Texas | Tex. | ||
| Utah | State | US-UT | 49 | UT | Utah | Ut. | |||
| Vermont | State | US-VT | 50 | VT | Vt. | Verm. | |||
| Virginia | State | US-VA | 51 | VA | Va. | Virg. | |||
| Washington | State | US-WA | 53 | WA | WN | Wash. | Wn. | ||
Mismatched USPS and USCG state codes · Codes for states and territories › Coast Guard vessel prefixes
California
California
State
California
USPS Code
CA
USCG Code
CF
Colorado
Colorado
State
Colorado
USPS Code
CO
USCG Code
CL
Delaware
Delaware
State
Delaware
USPS Code
DE
USCG Code
DL
Hawaii
Hawaii
State
Hawaii
USPS Code
HI
USCG Code
HA
Kansas
Kansas
State
Kansas
USPS Code
KS
USCG Code
KA
Michigan
Michigan
State
Michigan
USPS Code
MI
USCG Code
MC
Mississippi
Mississippi
State
Mississippi
USPS Code
MS
USCG Code
MI
Massachusetts
Massachusetts
State
Massachusetts
USPS Code
MA
USCG Code
MS
Nebraska
Nebraska
State
Nebraska
USPS Code
NE
USCG Code
NB
Washington
Washington
State
Washington
USPS Code
WA
USCG Code
WN
Wisconsin
Wisconsin
State
Wisconsin
USPS Code
WI
USCG Code
WS
Mariana Islands
Mariana Islands
State
Mariana Islands
USPS Code
MP
USCG Code
CM
| State | USPS Code | USCG Code |
| California | CA | CF |
| Colorado | CO | CL |
| Delaware | DE | DL |
| Hawaii | HI | HA |
| Kansas | KS | KA |
| Michigan | MI | MC |
| Mississippi | MS | MI |
| Massachusetts | MA | MS |
| Nebraska | NE | NB |
| Washington | WA | WN |
| Wisconsin | WI | WS |
| Mariana Islands | MP | CM |
References
- "Ioa." or (more typically) "IOA" found in Iowa post office cancellations from the 1870s.
- Not to be confused with Kent, England
- The Palmyra Atoll is an unorganized incorporated territory of the United States that was previously a part of the Territ
- The U.S. Armed Forces – Americas include the Caribbean Sea and exclude the United States, Canada, and Greenland.
- The U.S. Armed Forces – Europe include the Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea, Canada, Greenland, Africa, and Southwe
- The U.S. Armed Forces – Pacific include the Indian Ocean, Oceania, and Asia except Southwest Asia.
- Former USPS code "NB" for Nebraska is now obsolete; it was changed to NE in November 1969 to avoid confusion with New Br
- Former USPS code "CM" for the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands is now obsolete; it was changed to MP in 1988
- owl.purdue.eduhttps://owl.purdue.edu/owl/subject_specific_writing/journalism_and_journalistic_writing/ap_style.html
- www.law.cornell.eduhttps://www.law.cornell.edu/citation/4-500
- Consolidated Listing of FAA Certificated Repair Stationshttps://books.google.com/books?id=zZDGasiS5DwC
- Register of the Commissioned and Warrant Officers of the Navy of the United Stateshttps://books.google.com/books?id=J58z106lUYcC&q=%22n.%20york%22&pg=PA1
- "USPS Postal History: State Abbreviations"https://web.archive.org/web/20120309105923/http://about.usps.com/who-we-are/postal-history/state-abbreviations.pdf
- AndyArthur.orghttps://andyarthur.org/penna-the-abbreviation.html
- A new and complete statistical gazetteer of the United States of Americahttps://books.google.com/books?id=aSFWAAAAYAAJ&q=%22burlington%2C%20verm.%22&pg=PA1
- "search on WN"http://digitum.washingtonhistory.org
- www.doi.govhttps://www.doi.gov/oia/islands/cnmi
- "United States of America Minor Outlying Islands"https://www.upu.int/UPU/media/upu/PostalEntitiesFiles/addressingUnit/umiEn.pdf
- NSG Standards Registryhttps://nsgreg.nga.mil/genc/discovery
- GMA Newshttp://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/204589/news/nation/philippine-diplomats-will-now-use-ph-or-phl-instead-of-rp
- "USPS Postal News, "It's Okay to Say 'I Don't Know,' So Long As You Find Out!" January 9, 2009"http://about.usps.com/news/state-releases/fl/2009/fl_2009_0109.htm
- NISThttps://web.archive.org/web/20090705054444/http://www.itl.nist.gov/fipspubs/fip5-2.htm
- U.S. Government Printing Office Style Manual, 30th Edition [2] Accessed April 21, 2009.http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=2008_style_manual&docid=f:chapter9.pdf
- Postal Explorerhttps://pe.usps.com/text/pub28/28apb.htm
- New York Universityhttps://web.archive.org/web/20090427035937/http://www.nyu.edu:80/classes/copyXediting/STABBREV.html
- The Chicago manual of stylehttps://doi.org/10.7208%2Fcmos17
- 33 CFR 173, App. Ahttps://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-33/part-173