List of U.S. executive branch czars

Updated: 11/4/2025, 4:16:50 PM Wikipedia source

In the United States, the informal term "czar" (or, less often, "tsar") is employed in media and popular usage to refer to high-level executive-branch officials who oversee a particular policy field. As of 2025, there have never been any U.S. government offices with the formal title czar. The earliest known use of the term for a U.S. government official was in the administration of Franklin Roosevelt (1933–1945), during which eleven unique positions (or twelve if one were to count "economic czar" and "economic czar of World War II" as distinct) were so described. The list of those identified as czars is based on subjective judgments, as individuals or offices may be referred to with the nickname by some publications or public figures, while not by others. A more limited (though no less subjective) definition of the term would encompass only those officials appointed without Senate confirmation.

Tables

Summary table · By administration

Franklin D. Roosevelt

President

Franklin D. Roosevelt

Party

Democratic

In office

1933–1945

Number of czar titles

Number of appointees

Appointees not confirmed by Senate

Harry S. Truman

President

Harry S. Truman

Party

1945–1953

In office

Number of czar titles

Dwight D. Eisenhower

President

Dwight D. Eisenhower

Party

Republican

In office

1953–1961

Number of czar titles

Number of appointees

Lyndon B. Johnson

President

Lyndon B. Johnson

Party

Democratic

In office

1963–1969

Number of czar titles

Number of appointees

Richard Nixon

President

Richard Nixon

Party

Republican

In office

1969–1974

Number of czar titles

Number of appointees

Gerald Ford

President

Gerald Ford

Party

1974–1977

In office

Jimmy Carter

President

Jimmy Carter

Party

Democratic

In office

1977–1981

Number of czar titles

Number of appointees

Appointees not confirmed by Senate

Ronald Reagan

President

Ronald Reagan

Party

Republican

In office

1981–1989

Number of czar titles

George H. W. Bush

President

George H. W. Bush

Party

1989–1993

In office

Number of czar titles

Number of appointees

Bill Clinton

President

Bill Clinton

Party

Democratic

In office

1993–2001

Number of czar titles

Number of appointees

Appointees not confirmed by Senate

George W. Bush

President

George W. Bush

Party

Republican

In office

2001–2009

Number of czar titles

Number of appointees

Appointees not confirmed by Senate

Barack Obama

President

Barack Obama

Party

Democratic

In office

2009–2017

Number of czar titles

Number of appointees

Appointees not confirmed by Senate

Donald Trump

President

Donald Trump

Party

Republican

In office

2017–2021; 2025–present

Number of czar titles

Number of appointees

Appointees not confirmed by Senate

Joe Biden

President

Joe Biden

Party

Democratic

In office

2021–2025

Number of czar titles

Number of appointees

Appointees not confirmed by Senate

President	Party	In office	Number of czar titles	Number of appointees	Appointees not confirmed by Senate
Franklin D. Roosevelt	Democratic	1933–1945	11	19	18
Harry S. Truman	Democratic	1945–1953	6		5
Dwight D. Eisenhower	Republican	1953–1961	1		0
Lyndon B. Johnson	Democratic	1963–1969	3		1
Richard Nixon	Republican	1969–1974	3	5
Gerald Ford	Republican	1974–1977	2
Jimmy Carter	Democratic	1977–1981	2	3	2
Ronald Reagan	Republican	1981–1989	1
George H. W. Bush	Republican	1989–1993	2	3	0
Bill Clinton	Democratic	1993–2001	8	11	7
George W. Bush	Republican	2001–2009	33	49	28
Barack Obama	Democratic	2009–2017	38	50	39
Donald Trump	Republican	2017–2021; 2025–present	5	6	5
Joe Biden	Democratic	2021–2025	4	7	4

· List of executive branch czars

AI & crypto czar

Czar title

AI & crypto czar

Official title

White House AI & Crypto Czar

Office holder

David Sacks

Tenure

2025–present

Type of appointment

President appointed

Appointing administration

Donald Trump

AfPak czar, Afghanistan and Pakistan czar

2009

2009–2010

AfPak czar, Afghanistan and Pakistan czar

Czar title

AfPak czar, Afghanistan and Pakistan czar

Official title

Special Representative for Afghanistan and Pakistan

Office holder

Richard Holbrooke

Tenure

2009–2010

Type of appointment

Barack Obama

AIDS czar

1993

1993–1994

AIDS czar

Czar title

AIDS czar

Official title

National AIDS Policy Coordinator, Member of White House Domestic Policy Council

Office holder

Kristine Gebbie

Tenure

1993–1994

Type of appointment

Bill Clinton

Director of the Office of National AIDS Policy

Czar title

Director of the Office of National AIDS Policy

Official title

Patricia Fleming

Office holder

1993–1997

Director of the Office of National AIDS Policy, Presidential Envoy for AIDS Cooperation

Czar title

Director of the Office of National AIDS Policy, Presidential Envoy for AIDS Cooperation

Official title

Sandra Thurman

Office holder

1997–2000

Director of the Office of National AIDS Policy

Czar title

Director of the Office of National AIDS Policy

Official title

Scott Evertz

Office holder

2001–2002

Tenure

George W. Bush

Joe O'Neill

Czar title

Joe O'Neill

Official title

2002–2003

Carol Thompson

Czar title

Carol Thompson

Official title

2004–2006

Jeffrey Crowley

Czar title

Jeffrey Crowley

Official title

2009–2012

Office holder

Barack Obama

Grant Colfax

Czar title

Grant Colfax

Official title

2012–2014

Douglas Brooks

Czar title

Douglas Brooks

Official title

2014–2016

anti-poverty czar, poverty czar

1965

1965–1969

anti-poverty czar, poverty czar

Czar title

anti-poverty czar, poverty czar

Official title

Director of Office of Economic Opportunity

Office holder

Sargent Shriver

Tenure

1965–1969

Type of appointment

President nominated, Senate confirmed

Appointing administration

Lyndon Johnson

Senate confirmed

✓

Asian Carp czar

Czar title

Asian Carp czar

Official title

Asian Carp Director, Council on Environmental Quality

Office holder

John Goss

Tenure

2010–Unknown

Type of appointment

Council on Environmental Quality selected

Appointing administration

Barack Obama

auto czar, car czar

Czar title

auto czar, car czar

Official title

Treasury Advisor, Head of the Auto Task Force

Office holder

Steve Rattner

Tenure

2009 Feb–Jul

Type of appointment

Sec. of Treasury appointed

Senior Advisor President's Automotive Task Force

Czar title

Senior Advisor President's Automotive Task Force

Official title

Ron Bloom

Office holder

2009–2011

Tenure

President appointed

auto recovery czar, autoworker czar

Czar title

auto recovery czar, autoworker czar

Official title

Member Presidential Task Force on the Auto Industry, Director of Recovery for Auto Communities and Workers

Office holder

Edward B. Montgomery

Tenure

2009–Unknown

bank bailout czar, Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) czar

2008

2008–2009

bank bailout czar, Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) czar

Czar title

bank bailout czar, Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) czar

Official title

United States Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for Financial Stability, Senior Advisor to Secretary of the Treasury

Office holder

Neel Kashkari

Tenure

2008–2009

Type of appointment

(New position), President nominated, Senate confirmed

Appointing administration

George W. Bush

Senate confirmed

✓

bank bailout czar, TARP czar

2009

2009–2013

bank bailout czar, TARP czar

Czar title

bank bailout czar, TARP czar

Official title

United States Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for Financial Stability

Office holder

Herb Allison

Tenure

2009–2013

Type of appointment

President nominated, Senate confirmed

Appointing administration

Barack Obama

bioethics czar

2001

2001–2005

bioethics czar

Czar title

bioethics czar

Official title

Advisor to the President, Chairman of The President's Council on Bioethics

Office holder

Leon Kass

Tenure

2001–2005

Type of appointment

(New position), Exec order, President appointed

Appointing administration

George W. Bush

bird flu czar

2004

2004–2006

bird flu czar

Czar title

bird flu czar

Official title

Assistant Secretary of Health and Human Services, Advisor to the President for Public Health Emergency Preparedness

Office holder

Stewart Simonson

Tenure

2004–2006

Type of appointment

(New position), President appointed

birth control czar

2006

2006–2007

birth control czar

Czar title

birth control czar

Official title

Deputy Assistant Secretary of Population Affairs, Department of Health and Human Services

Office holder

Eric Keroack

Tenure

2006–2007

Type of appointment

President appointed

border czar

1995

1995–1998

border czar

Czar title

border czar

Official title

U.S. attorney and Special Representative for the Southwest Border, Department of Justice

Office holder

Alan Bersin

Tenure

1995–1998

Type of appointment

President nominated, Senate confirmed as U.S. Attorney, Appointed as Special Representative

Appointing administration

Bill Clinton

Senate confirmed

✓

Assistant Secretary for International Affairs, Special Representative for Border Affairs, Dept of Homeland Security

Czar title

Assistant Secretary for International Affairs, Special Representative for Border Affairs, Dept of Homeland Security

Official title

2009–2011

Office holder

Sec of Homeland Security appointed

Tenure

Barack Obama

Special Assistant to the President and Coordinator for the Southern Border

Czar title

Special Assistant to the President and Coordinator for the Southern Border

Official title

Roberta S. Jacobson

Office holder

2021 Jan–Apr

Tenure

President appointed

Type of appointment

Joe Biden

Border Czar

Czar title

Border Czar

Official title

Thomas Homan

Office holder

2019/2025–present

Tenure

President appointed

Type of appointment

Donald Trump

budget czar

2001

2001–2003

budget czar

Czar title

budget czar

Official title

Director of the Office of Management and Budget

Office holder

Mitch Daniels

Tenure

2001–2003

Type of appointment

President nominated, Senate confirmed

Appointing administration

George W. Bush

Senate confirmed

✓

Josh Bolten

Czar title

Josh Bolten

Official title

2003–2006

Rob Portman

Czar title

Rob Portman

Official title

2006–2007

car czar

1993

1993–2001

car czar

Czar title

car czar

Official title

Chief domestic policy advisor and Director of the White House Domestic Policy Council

Office holder

Bruce Reed

Tenure

1993–2001

Type of appointment

(New position), Exec order, President appointed

Appointing administration

Bill Clinton

czar of censorship

1941

1941–1945

czar of censorship

Czar title

czar of censorship

Official title

Director, Office of Censorship

Office holder

Byron Price

Tenure

1941–1945

Type of appointment

Exec Order, President appointed

Appointing administration

Franklin Roosevelt

cleanup czar

Czar title

cleanup czar

Official title

Special Assistant Attorney General (to investigate corruption)

Office holder

Newbold Morris

Tenure

1952, fired after 63 days by Attorney General (AG) for demanding records access; AG then forced to resign by President Truman

Type of appointment

Attorney General appointed

Appointing administration

Harry Truman

Assistant Secretary for Environmental Management, Department of Energy (nuclear cleanup)

Czar title

Assistant Secretary for Environmental Management, Department of Energy (nuclear cleanup)

Official title

Jessie Roberson

Office holder

2001–2004

Tenure

President nominated, Senate confirmed

Type of appointment

George W. Bush

Appointing administration

✓

James Rispoli

Czar title

James Rispoli

Official title

2005–2008

Office holder

Sec. of Energy appointed, Senate confirmed

climate czar

1997

1997–1999

climate czar

Czar title

climate czar

Official title

Assistant to the President and Staff Secretary, President's Coordinator for Climate Change, Senior negotiator at Kyoto and Beuenos Aires negotiations

Office holder

Todd Stern

Tenure

1997–1999

Type of appointment

President appointed

Appointing administration

Bill Clinton

Special Envoy for Climate Change

Czar title

Special Envoy for Climate Change

Official title

Todd Stern

Office holder

2009

Tenure

Sec. of State appointed

Type of appointment

Barack Obama

climate czar, energy czar, global warming czar

2009

2009–2011

climate czar, energy czar, global warming czar

Czar title

climate czar, energy czar, global warming czar

Official title

Assistant to the President for Energy and Climate Change

Office holder

Carol Browner

Tenure

2009–2011

Type of appointment

(New position)

2008

2008–2009

Czar title

Official title

Intellectual Property Enforcement Coordinator

Office holder

vacant; position approved but not filled during Bush administration

Tenure

2008–2009

Type of appointment

George W. Bush

Victoria Espinel

Czar title

Victoria Espinel

Official title

2009–2013

Office holder

(first at position)

Tenure

Barack Obama

communications czar

2005

2005–2007

communications czar

Czar title

communications czar

Official title

Counselor to the President, Special counselor to the President

Office holder

Dan Bartlett

Tenure

2005–2007

Type of appointment

President appointed

Appointing administration

George W. Bush

compensation czar, Gulf claims czar, pay czar

2009

2009–2011

2014–2016

compensation czar, Gulf claims czar, pay czar

Czar title

compensation czar, Gulf claims czar, pay czar

Official title

Special Master for TARP Executive Compensation

Office holder

Kenneth Feinberg

Tenure

2009–2011, 2014–2016?

Type of appointment

Sec. of Treasury appointed

Appointing administration

Barack Obama

consumer czar

2010

2010–2011

consumer czar

Czar title

consumer czar

Official title

Special Advisor for the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau

Office holder

Elizabeth Warren

Tenure

2010–2011

Type of appointment

(New position), President appointed

COVID-19 czar

2021

2021–2022

COVID-19 czar

Czar title

COVID-19 czar

Official title

Counselor to the President of the United States

Office holder

Jeff Zients

Tenure

2021–2022

Type of appointment

President appointed

Appointing administration

Joe Biden

White House COVID-19 response coordinator

Czar title

White House COVID-19 response coordinator

Official title

Ashish Jha

Office holder

2022–2023

cruise czar

2020

2020–2023

cruise czar

Czar title

cruise czar

Official title

Fact-Finding Officer for the Federal Maritime Commission

Office holder

Louis E. Sola

Tenure

2020–2023

Type of appointment

President nominated, Senate confirmed

Appointing administration

Donald Trump

cyber security czar, cyber czar

Czar title

cyber security czar, cyber czar

Official title

Special Advisor to the President on Cybersecurity, Office of Management and Budget (OMB)

Office holder

Richard A. Clarke

Tenure

2001 Oct – 2003 Feb

Type of appointment

(New position), President appointed

Appointing administration

George W. Bush

Director, National Cybersecurity Center

Czar title

Director, National Cybersecurity Center

Official title

Rod Beckstrom

Office holder

2008–2009

Tenure

(New position), Presidential directive, President appointed

Director of the White House Office of Cybersecurity, Cybersecurity Coordinator

Czar title

Director of the White House Office of Cybersecurity, Cybersecurity Coordinator

Official title

Melissa Hathaway

Office holder

2009 May–Jul, Acting czar

Tenure

Office created May 31, 2009.

Type of appointment

Barack Obama

Tom Bossert

Czar title

Tom Bossert

Official title

2017–2018

Office holder

Donald Trump

Robert Joyce

Czar title

Robert Joyce

Official title

2018

democracy czar

2005

2005–2008

democracy czar

Czar title

democracy czar

Official title

Deputy National Security Advisor for Global Democracy Strategy

Office holder

Elliott Abrams

Tenure

2005–2008

Type of appointment

President appointed

Appointing administration

George W. Bush

domestic czar

1965

1965–1969

domestic czar

Czar title

domestic czar

Official title

Special Assistant to the President, domestic policy aide

Office holder

Joseph Califano

Tenure

1965–1969

Type of appointment

Lyndon Johnson

domestic policy czar

2004

2004–2006

domestic policy czar

Czar title

domestic policy czar

Official title

Chief Domestic Policy Coordinator, Assistant to the President and Senior Advisor to the President, White House Deputy Chief of Staff

Office holder

Karl Rove

Tenure

2004–2006

Type of appointment

George W. Bush

domestic violence czar

Czar title

domestic violence czar

Official title

Advisor to the President and the Vice President on Domestic Violence and Sexual Assault Issues

Office holder

Lynn Rosenthal

Tenure

2009

Type of appointment

Vice President appointed

Appointing administration

Barack Obama

drug czar

Czar title

drug czar

Official title

Head of Drug programs, Special Action Office of Drug Abuse Prevention

Office holder

Jerome Jaffe

Tenure

1971

Type of appointment

President appointed

Appointing administration

Richard Nixon

Director of the National Institute on Drug Abuse and head of the Narcotics Treatment Administration

Czar title

Director of the National Institute on Drug Abuse and head of the Narcotics Treatment Administration

Official title

Robert DuPont

Office holder

1973–1978

Type of appointment

Gerald Ford

Director of the White House Drug Abuse Policy (1982), Special Assistant to the President for Drug Abuse (1983), Member of Executive Board of the National Narcotics Border Interdiction System Cabinet Level (1983), Deputy Assistant to the President for Drug Abuse Policy (1985)

Czar title

Official title

Carlton Turner

Office holder

1982–1988

Tenure

(New position), Exec order, President appointed

Type of appointment

Ronald Reagan

Director, Office of National Drug Control Policy

Czar title

Director, Office of National Drug Control Policy

Official title

William Bennett

Office holder

1989–1990

Tenure

(New position) created by Congress, President nominated, Senate confirmed

Type of appointment

George H. W. Bush

Appointing administration

✓

Bob Martinez

Czar title

Bob Martinez

Official title

1991–1993

Office holder

President nominated, Senate confirmed

Director, National Drug Control Policy

Czar title

Director, National Drug Control Policy

Official title

Lee P. Brown

Office holder

1993–1995

Tenure

Bill Clinton

Barry McCaffrey

Czar title

Barry McCaffrey

Official title

1996–2001

John P. Walters

Czar title

John P. Walters

Official title

2001–2009

Office holder

George W. Bush

Director, National Drug Control Policy (cabinet rank removed)

Czar title

Director, National Drug Control Policy (cabinet rank removed)

Official title

Gil Kerlikowske

Office holder

2009–2014

Tenure

Barack Obama

Director, National Drug Control Policy

Czar title

Director, National Drug Control Policy

Official title

Michael Botticelli

Office holder

2015–2017

Ebola czar

2014

2014–2015

Ebola czar

Czar title

Ebola czar

Official title

Ebola Response Coordinator

Office holder

Ron Klain

Tenure

2014–2015

Type of appointment

President appointed

e-commerce czar, e-czar

1998

1998–2000

e-commerce czar, e-czar

Czar title

e-commerce czar, e-czar

Official title

Executive Director, Electronic Commerce Working Group

Office holder

Elizabeth Echols

Tenure

1998–2000

Type of appointment

Vice President appointed

Appointing administration

Bill Clinton

Senate confirmed

✓

economic czar, economic czar of World War II

1942

1942–1943

economic czar, economic czar of World War II

Czar title

economic czar, economic czar of World War II

Official title

Director, Office of Economic Stabilization

Office holder

James F. Byrnes

Tenure

1942–1943

Type of appointment

(New position), Exec order, President appointed

Appointing administration

Franklin Roosevelt

economic czar

Czar title

economic czar

Official title

Fred M. Vinson

Office holder

1943–1945

Tenure

President appointed

William Hammatt Davis

Czar title

William Hammatt Davis

Official title

1945–1946

economic czar, big-picture economic czar

Czar title

economic czar, big-picture economic czar

Official title

Chairman, Economic Recovery Advisory Board

Office holder

Paul A. Volcker

Tenure

2009

Type of appointment

Barack Obama

energy czar

Czar title

energy czar

Official title

Director of the Energy Policy Office

Office holder

John Arthur Love

Tenure

1973

Type of appointment

(New position), Exec order, President appointed

Appointing administration

Richard Nixon

Federal Energy Office Administrator

Czar title

Federal Energy Office Administrator

Official title

William E. Simon

Office holder

1973–1974

Tenure

President appointed

Administrator, Federal Energy Administration

Czar title

Administrator, Federal Energy Administration

Official title

John Sawhill

Office holder

1974

Administrator, Federal Energy Administration, Assistant to the President for Energy Affairs, Executive Director of Energy Resources Council

Czar title

Administrator, Federal Energy Administration, Assistant to the President for Energy Affairs, Executive Director of Energy Resources Council

Official title

Frank Zarb

Office holder

1974–1977

Tenure

Gerald Ford

Director, Department of Energy (cabinet-level position)

Czar title

Director, Department of Energy (cabinet-level position)

Official title

James Schlesinger

Office holder

1977–1979

Tenure

(New position), Legislation enacted, President nominated, Senate confirmed

Type of appointment

Jimmy Carter

Appointing administration

✓

ethics czar, transparency czar

2009

2009–2010

ethics czar, transparency czar

Czar title

ethics czar, transparency czar

Official title

Special Counsel to the President for Ethics and Government Reform

Office holder

Norm Eisen

Tenure

2009–2010

Type of appointment

(New position), Exec order, President appointed

Appointing administration

Barack Obama

White House Counsel

Czar title

White House Counsel

Official title

Robert Bauer

Office holder

2010–2011

Tenure

President appointed

faith-based czar, faith czar

2001

2001–2002

faith-based czar, faith czar

Czar title

faith-based czar, faith czar

Official title

Director, White House Office of Faith-Based and Community Initiatives

Office holder

John DiIulio

Tenure

2001–2002

Type of appointment

(New position), Exec order, President appointed

Appointing administration

George W. Bush

Jim Towey

Czar title

Jim Towey

Official title

2002–2006

Office holder

President appointed

Jay Hein

Czar title

Jay Hein

Official title

2006–2008

faith-based czar

2009

2009–2013

faith-based czar

Czar title

faith-based czar

Official title

Director of the White House Office of Faith-Based and Neighborhood Partnerships

Office holder

Joshua DuBois

Tenure

2009–2013

Type of appointment

Barack Obama

Melissa Rogers

Czar title

Melissa Rogers

Official title

2013–2014?

food czar

1942

1942–1943

food czar

Czar title

food czar

Official title

Food Administrator and Secretary of Agriculture

Office holder

Claude Wickard

Tenure

1942–1943

Type of appointment

Exec order

Appointing administration

Franklin Roosevelt

War Food Administrator

Czar title

War Food Administrator

Official title

Chester C. Davis

Office holder

1943

John Marvin Jones

Czar title

John Marvin Jones

Official title

1943–1945

Chairman Citizens Food Committee

Czar title

Chairman Citizens Food Committee

Official title

Charles Luckman

Office holder

1947 Sep–Nov

Tenure

President appointed

Type of appointment

Harry Truman

food safety czar

2007

2007–2008

food safety czar

Czar title

food safety czar

Official title

Assistant Commissioner for Food Protection

Office holder

David W. K. Acheson

Tenure

2007–2008

Type of appointment

George W. Bush

foreign aid czar

2006

2006–2007

foreign aid czar

Czar title

foreign aid czar

Official title

Administrator of the US Agency for International Development (USAID)

Office holder

Randall Tobias

Tenure

2006–2007

Type of appointment

President nominated, Senate confirmed

Appointing administration

✓

global AIDS czar

Czar title

global AIDS czar

Official title

Coordinator of U.S. Government Activities to Combat HIV/AIDS Globally with the rank of Ambassador

Office holder

2003–2006

Tenure

(New position), President nominated, Senate confirmed

Coordinator of U.S.Government Activities to Combat HIV/AIDS Globally, with the rank of Ambassador

Czar title

Coordinator of U.S.Government Activities to Combat HIV/AIDS Globally, with the rank of Ambassador

Official title

Mark Dybul

Office holder

2006–2009

Tenure

President nominated, Senate confirmed

Great Lakes czar

2009

2009–2017

Great Lakes czar

Czar title

Great Lakes czar

Official title

Senior Advisor to the EPA Administrator

Office holder

Cameron Davis

Tenure

2009–2017

Type of appointment

(New position)

Appointing administration

Barack Obama

green-jobs czar

Czar title

green-jobs czar

Official title

Special Advisor for Green Jobs, Enterprise, and Innovation at the White House, Member of the White House Council on Environmental Quality

Office holder

Van Jones

Tenure

2009 Apr–Sep

Type of appointment

President appointed

Guantanamo Base closure czar

2009

2009–2013

Guantanamo Base closure czar

Czar title

Guantanamo Base closure czar

Official title

US Department of State Special Envoy

Office holder

Daniel Fried

Tenure

2009–2013

Type of appointment

Sec. of State appointed

health care czar, technology czar, internet czar, e-czar

1993

1993–1998

health care czar, technology czar, internet czar, e-czar

Czar title

health care czar, technology czar, internet czar, e-czar

Official title

Senior Advisor for Policy Development

Office holder

Ira Magaziner

Tenure

1993–1998

Type of appointment

President appointed

Appointing administration

Bill Clinton

health czar

2009

2009–2011

health czar

Czar title

health czar

Official title

Director of the White House Office of Health Reform and Counselor to the President

Office holder

Nancy-Ann DeParle

Tenure

2009–2011

Type of appointment

Exec Order

Appointing administration

Barack Obama

health czar for the World Trade Center (WTC)

2006

2006–2008

health czar for the World Trade Center (WTC)

Czar title

health czar for the World Trade Center (WTC)

Official title

Special coordinator to respond to health effects of September 11 attacks, World Trade Center (WTC) Medical Monitoring and Treatment Program, also served as Director, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

Office holder

John Howard

Tenure

2006–2008

Type of appointment

President Appointed

Appointing administration

George W. Bush

health IT czar

2004

2004–2006

health IT czar

Czar title

health IT czar

Official title

National Coordinator for Health Information Technology, Department of Health and Human Services (HHS)

Office holder

David Brailer

Tenure

2004–2006

Type of appointment

(New position), Exec order, appointed by Sec. of HHS

David Blumenthal

Czar title

David Blumenthal

Official title

2009–2011

Office holder

Exec order, appointed by Sec. of HHS

Tenure

Barack Obama

homeland security czar

2001

2001–2002

homeland security czar

Czar title

homeland security czar

Official title

Assistant to the President for Homeland Security and Counterterrorism

Office holder

Tom Ridge

Tenure

2001–2002

Type of appointment

(New position), Exec Order, President appointed

Appointing administration

George W. Bush

Secretary, U.S. Department of Homeland Security

Czar title

Secretary, U.S. Department of Homeland Security

Official title

2003–2004

Office holder

(New position), Legislation enacted, President nominated, Senate confirmed

Tenure

✓

Michael Chertoff

Czar title

Michael Chertoff

Official title

2005–2009

Office holder

President nominated, Senate confirmed

homeless czar, homelessness czar

2002

2002–2008

homeless czar, homelessness czar

Czar title

homeless czar, homelessness czar

Official title

Executive Director, United States Interagency Council on Homelessness

Office holder

Phil Mangano

Tenure

2002–2008

Type of appointment

President appointed

housing czar

1945

1945–1946

housing czar

Czar title

housing czar

Official title

Housing Expediter in the Office of War Mobilization and Reconversion

Office holder

Wilson Wyatt

Tenure

1945–1946

Type of appointment

(New position), President appointed

Appointing administration

Harry Truman

human trafficking czar

Czar title

human trafficking czar

Official title

Special Advisor in the Office of Domestic Policy Council

Office holder

Heather Fischer

Tenure

2020

Type of appointment

Donald Trump

Gulf Coast reconstruction czar, Hurricane Katrina recovery czar

2005

2005–2008

Gulf Coast reconstruction czar, Hurricane Katrina recovery czar

Czar title

Gulf Coast reconstruction czar, Hurricane Katrina recovery czar

Official title

Federal Coordinator of Hurricane Katrina Recovery Effort

Office holder

Donald E. Powell

Tenure

2005–2008

Type of appointment

President appointed

Appointing administration

George W. Bush

inflation czar, anti-inflation czar

Czar title

inflation czar, anti-inflation czar

Official title

Special Trade Representative, Chief U.S. trade negotiator

Office holder

Robert S. Strauss

Tenure

1978

Type of appointment

Jimmy Carter

inflation czar

1977

1977–1980

inflation czar

Czar title

inflation czar

Official title

Advisor to the President, Chairman Council on Wage and Price Stability

Office holder

Alfred E. Kahn

Tenure

1977–1980

czar of information

1942

1942–1945

czar of information

Czar title

czar of information

Official title

Director, Office of War Information

Office holder

Elmer Davis

Tenure

1942–1945

Type of appointment

Exec Order, President appointed

Appointing administration

Franklin Roosevelt

information czar, Infotech Czar

2009

2009–2011

information czar, Infotech Czar

Czar title

information czar, Infotech Czar

Official title

Chief Information Officer at the White House

Office holder

Vivek Kundra

Tenure

2009–2011

Type of appointment

(New position), created by statute, President appointed

Appointing administration

Barack Obama

Steven VanRoekel

Czar title

Steven VanRoekel

Official title

2011–2014

Office holder

created by statute, President appointed

intelligence czar

2005

2005–2007

intelligence czar

Czar title

intelligence czar

Official title

Director of National Intelligence

Office holder

John Negroponte

Tenure

2005–2007

Type of appointment

(New position), Congress mandated, President nominated, Senate confirmed

Appointing administration

George W. Bush

Senate confirmed

✓

John Michael McConnell

Czar title

John Michael McConnell

Official title

2007–2009

Office holder

President nominated, Senate confirmed

Dennis C. Blair

Czar title

Dennis C. Blair

Official title

2009–2010

Office holder

Barack Obama

James R. Clapper

Czar title

James R. Clapper

Official title

2010–2017

Iran czar

2009

2009–2011

Iran czar

Czar title

Iran czar

Official title

Special Advisor for the Persian Gulf and Southwest Asia (which includes Iran)

Office holder

Dennis Ross

Tenure

2009–2011

Type of appointment

President appointed

czar of Latin American affairs

1964

1964–1965

czar of Latin American affairs

Czar title

czar of Latin American affairs

Official title

Assistant Secretary of State for Inter-American Affairs

Office holder

Thomas C. Mann

Tenure

1964–1965

Type of appointment

President nominated, Senate confirmed

Appointing administration

Lyndon Johnson

Senate confirmed

✓

manpower czar

1942

1942–1945

manpower czar

Czar title

manpower czar

Official title

Director, War Manpower Commission

Office holder

Paul V. McNutt

Tenure

1942–1945

Type of appointment

Exec order

Appointing administration

Franklin Roosevelt

manufacturing czar

2004

2004–2007

manufacturing czar

Czar title

manufacturing czar

Official title

Assistant Secretary for manufacturing and services, U.S. Commerce Department

Office holder

Albert Frink

Tenure

2004–2007

Type of appointment

(New position), President nominated, Senate confirmed

Appointing administration

George W. Bush

Senate confirmed

✓

Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Manufacturing and Services

Czar title

Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Manufacturing and Services

Official title

William G. Sutton

Office holder

2007–2008

Tenure

President nominated, Senate confirmed

Senior Counselor for Manufacturing Policy

Czar title

Senior Counselor for Manufacturing Policy

Official title

Ron Bloom

Office holder

2009–2011

Tenure

President appointed

Type of appointment

Barack Obama

Middle East czar

Czar title

Middle East czar

Official title

Special Envoy for Middle East Peace

Office holder

George J. Mitchell

Tenure

Sec. of State appointed

mine safety czar

2006

2006–2008

mine safety czar

Czar title

mine safety czar

Official title

Assistant Secretary of Labor for Mine Safety and Health

Office holder

Richard Stickler

Tenure

2006–2008

Type of appointment

Recess appointment—2 prior presidential nominations were rejected by the Senate

Appointing administration

George W. Bush

missile czar

1954

1954–1956

missile czar

Czar title

missile czar

Official title

Assistant Secretary of the Air Force for Research and Development

Office holder

Trevor Gardner

Tenure

1954–1956

Type of appointment

Sec. of Defense appointed, Senate confirmed

Appointing administration

Dwight D. Eisenhower

Senate confirmed

✓

mobilization czar, civilian economy czar

1950

1950–1952

mobilization czar, civilian economy czar

Czar title

mobilization czar, civilian economy czar

Official title

Director, Office of Defense Mobilization

Office holder

Charles Edward Wilson

Tenure

1950–1952

Type of appointment

(New position), Exec order

Appointing administration

Harry Truman

oil czar

1941

1941–1946

oil czar

Czar title

oil czar

Official title

Petroleum Coordinator for National Defense, Secretary of the Interior

Office holder

Harold L. Ickes

Tenure

1941–1946

Type of appointment

President nominated, Senate confirmed as Sec. of Interior

Appointing administration

Franklin Roosevelt

Senate confirmed

✓

pardon czar

Czar title

pardon czar

Office holder

Alice Marie Johnson

Tenure

2025–present

Type of appointment

President appointed

Appointing administration

Donald Trump

patronage czar

1945

1945–1947

patronage czar

Czar title

patronage czar

Official title

Postmaster General Post Office Department, Cabinet-level position

Office holder

Robert E. Hannegan

Tenure

1945–1947

Type of appointment

President nominated, Senate confirmed

Appointing administration

Harry Truman

performance czar

2009

2009–2013

performance czar

Czar title

performance czar

Official title

United States Chief Performance Officer and Deputy Director for Management at the Office of Management and Budget

Office holder

Jeffrey Zients

Tenure

2009–2013

Type of appointment

Barack Obama

policy czar

2005

2005–2006

policy czar

Czar title

policy czar

Official title

Assistant to the President for Policy and Strategic Planning

Office holder

Michael Gerson

Tenure

2005–2006

Type of appointment

President appointed

Appointing administration

George W. Bush

price czar

1941

1941–1942

price czar

Czar title

price czar

Official title

Administrator, Office of Price Administration

Office holder

Leon Henderson

Tenure

1941–1942

Type of appointment

(New position), Exec order, President appointed

Appointing administration

Franklin Roosevelt

Prentiss M. Brown

Czar title

Prentiss M. Brown

Official title

1942–1943

Office holder

President appointed

Chester Bowles

Czar title

Chester Bowles

Official title

1943–1946

Chairman of the Price Commission

Czar title

Chairman of the Price Commission

Official title

Grayson Jackson

Office holder

1971

Tenure

(New position), President appointed

Type of appointment

Richard Nixon

production czar

1942

1942–1944

production czar

Czar title

production czar

Official title

Director, War Production Board

Office holder

Donald M. Nelson

Tenure

1942–1944

Type of appointment

(New position), Exec order, President appointed

Appointing administration

Franklin Roosevelt

Julius A. Krug

Czar title

Julius A. Krug

Official title

1944–1945

Office holder

President appointed

public diplomacy czar

2005

2005–2007

public diplomacy czar

Czar title

public diplomacy czar

Official title

Special advisor to the President, Undersecretary of State for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs

Office holder

Karen Hughes

Tenure

2005–2007

Type of appointment

President nominated, Senate confirmed

Appointing administration

George W. Bush

Senate confirmed

✓

Undersecretary of State for Public Affairs and Public Diplomacy

Czar title

Undersecretary of State for Public Affairs and Public Diplomacy

Official title

James Glassman

Office holder

2008–2009

reading czar

2001

2001–2005

reading czar

Czar title

reading czar

Official title

President's Advisor on Reading First Initiative, Member of the President's Commission on Excellence in Special Education

Office holder

Reid Lyon

Tenure

2001–2005

Type of appointment

President appointed

reconversion czar

1945

1945–1946

reconversion czar

Czar title

reconversion czar

Official title

Director of War Mobilization and Reconversion

Office holder

John W. Snyder

Tenure

1945–1946

Type of appointment

Harry Truman

regulatory czar

2001

2001–2006

regulatory czar

Czar title

regulatory czar

Official title

Director of the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs Office of Management and Budget

Office holder

John Graham

Tenure

2001–2006

Type of appointment

President nominated, Senate confirmed

Appointing administration

George W. Bush

Senate confirmed

✓

Susan Dudley

Czar title

Susan Dudley

Official title

2006–2009

Office holder

Recess appointment, nominee did not receive a Senate vote

Cass Sunstein

Czar title

Cass Sunstein

Official title

2009–2012

Office holder

President nominated, Senate confirmed

Tenure

Barack Obama

Type of appointment

✓

rubber czar

1942

1942–1943

rubber czar

Czar title

rubber czar

Official title

Rubber Director

Office holder

Bill Jeffers

Tenure

1942–1943

Type of appointment

(New position), Exec order, appointed by Chairman of War Production Board

Appointing administration

Franklin Roosevelt

savings & loan czar

1990

1990–1997

savings & loan czar

Czar title

savings & loan czar

Official title

Director, Office of Thrift Supervision

Office holder

Timothy Ryan

Tenure

1990–1997

Type of appointment

President nominated, Senate confirmed

Appointing administration

George H. W. Bush

Senate confirmed

✓

science czar

Czar title

science czar

Official title

Science Advisor to the President, Director, White House Office of Science and Technology Policy

Office holder

John Marburger

Tenure

2001 Oct – 2009 Jan

Type of appointment

George W. Bush

Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy

Czar title

Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy

Official title

John Holdren

Office holder

2009–2017

Tenure

Barack Obama

shipping czar

1942

1942–1946

shipping czar

Czar title

shipping czar

Official title

Administrator, War Shipping Administration

Office holder

Emory S. Land

Tenure

1942–1946

Type of appointment

Exec order

Appointing administration

Franklin Roosevelt

stimulus accountability, stimulus oversight

Czar title

stimulus accountability, stimulus oversight

Official title

Chairman, Recovery Accountability and Transparency Board

Office holder

Earl Devaney

Tenure

2009

Type of appointment

(New position), created by statute, President appointed

Appointing administration

Barack Obama

technology czar, chief technology czar

2009

2009–2012

technology czar, chief technology czar

Czar title

technology czar, chief technology czar

Official title

Associate Director of the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy, Chief Technology Officer (CTO), Assistant to the President

Office holder

Aneesh Chopra

Tenure

2009–2012

Type of appointment

President nominated, Senate confirmed

Appointing administration

Barack Obama

Senate confirmed

✓

terrorism czar, counter-terrorism czar

1998

1998–2001

terrorism czar, counter-terrorism czar

Czar title

terrorism czar, counter-terrorism czar

Official title

National coordinator for security, infrastructure protection and counter-terrorism, member of National Security Council, cabinet-level position

Office holder

Richard A. Clarke

Tenure

1998–2001

Type of appointment

President appointed

Appointing administration

Bill Clinton

terrorism czar

Czar title

terrorism czar

Official title

National coordinator for security, infrastructure protection and counter-terrorism, cabinet level rank removed

Office holder

2001 Jan–Oct

Tenure

(Held over from prior administration) President Clinton appointed

Type of appointment

George W. Bush

terrorism czar, counterterrorism czar

Czar title

terrorism czar, counterterrorism czar

Official title

National Director for Combating Terrorism, Deputy National Security Advisor

Office holder

Wayne Downing

Tenure

2001 Nov – 2002 Jun

Type of appointment

(New position), President appointed

terrorism czar

Czar title

terrorism czar

Official title

Assistant to the President for Homeland Security and Counterterrorism

Office holder

John O. Brennan

Tenure

2009

Type of appointment

President appointed

Appointing administration

Barack Obama

trade czar

Czar title

trade czar

Official title

Senior Policy Advisor in the White House on behalf of the United States Trade Representative.

Office holder

Mary Ryckman

Tenure

2012

Type of appointment

Appointed by USTR Michael Froman in 2012 She also represents the USTR on the President's Council on Women and Girls.

transportation czar

1941

1941–1944

transportation czar

Czar title

transportation czar

Official title

Director, Office of Defense Transportation

Office holder

Joseph Bartlett Eastman

Tenure

1941–1944

Type of appointment

(New position), Exec order, President appointed

Appointing administration

Franklin Roosevelt

J. Monroe Johnson

Czar title

J. Monroe Johnson

Official title

1944–1949

Office holder

President appointed

urban affairs czar

2009

2009–2010

urban affairs czar

Czar title

urban affairs czar

Official title

Director of the White House Office of Urban Affairs Policy

Office holder

Adolfo Carrion

Tenure

2009–2010

Type of appointment

Exec Order, President appointed

Appointing administration

Barack Obama

war czar

2007

2007–2009

war czar

Czar title

war czar

Official title

Assistant to the President and Deputy National Security Advisor for Iraq and Afghanistan

Office holder

Douglas Lute

Tenure

2007–2009

Type of appointment

(New position), President nominated, Senate confirmed

Appointing administration

George W. Bush

Senate confirmed

✓

2009–2010?

Czar title

2009–2010?

Official title

(Held over from prior administration) President Bush nominated, Senate confirmed

Office holder

Barack Obama

weapons czar

Czar title

weapons czar

Official title

Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics (AT&L)

Office holder

Ashton Carter

Tenure

2009

Type of appointment

President nominated, Senate confirmed

weapons of mass destruction czar, nonproliferation czar

2009

2009–2013

weapons of mass destruction czar, nonproliferation czar

Czar title

weapons of mass destruction czar, nonproliferation czar

Official title

Special Assistant to the President and White House Coordinator for Arms Control and Weapons of Mass Destruction, Proliferation, and Terrorism

Office holder

Gary Samore

Tenure

2009–2013

Type of appointment

President appointed

weatherization czar

Czar title

weatherization czar

Official title

Program Manager, Office of Weatherization and Intergovernmental Program, U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE)

Office holder

Gil Sperling

Tenure

2008–Unknown

Type of appointment

Career incumbent, retained from George W. Bush administration

George W. Bush

Czar title

George W. Bush

Czar title	Official title	Office holder	Tenure	Type of appointment	Appointing administration	Senate confirmed
AI & crypto czar	White House AI & Crypto Czar	David Sacks	2025–present	President appointed	Donald Trump
AfPak czar, Afghanistan and Pakistan czar	Special Representative for Afghanistan and Pakistan	Richard Holbrooke	2009–2010		Barack Obama
AIDS czar	National AIDS Policy Coordinator, Member of White House Domestic Policy Council	Kristine Gebbie	1993–1994		Bill Clinton
	Director of the Office of National AIDS Policy	Patricia Fleming	1993–1997
	Director of the Office of National AIDS Policy, Presidential Envoy for AIDS Cooperation	Sandra Thurman	1997–2000
	Director of the Office of National AIDS Policy	Scott Evertz	2001–2002		George W. Bush
		Joe O'Neill	2002–2003
		Carol Thompson	2004–2006
		Jeffrey Crowley	2009–2012		Barack Obama
		Grant Colfax	2012–2014
		Douglas Brooks	2014–2016
anti-poverty czar, poverty czar	Director of Office of Economic Opportunity	Sargent Shriver	1965–1969	President nominated, Senate confirmed	Lyndon Johnson	✓
Asian Carp czar	Asian Carp Director, Council on Environmental Quality	John Goss	2010–Unknown	Council on Environmental Quality selected	Barack Obama
auto czar, car czar	Treasury Advisor, Head of the Auto Task Force	Steve Rattner	2009 Feb–Jul	Sec. of Treasury appointed
auto czar, car czar	Senior Advisor President's Automotive Task Force	Ron Bloom	2009–2011	President appointed
auto recovery czar, autoworker czar	Member Presidential Task Force on the Auto Industry, Director of Recovery for Auto Communities and Workers	Edward B. Montgomery	2009–Unknown	President appointed
bank bailout czar, Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) czar	United States Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for Financial Stability, Senior Advisor to Secretary of the Treasury	Neel Kashkari	2008–2009	(New position), President nominated, Senate confirmed	George W. Bush	✓
bank bailout czar, TARP czar	United States Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for Financial Stability	Herb Allison	2009–2013	President nominated, Senate confirmed	Barack Obama	✓
bioethics czar	Advisor to the President, Chairman of The President's Council on Bioethics	Leon Kass	2001–2005	(New position), Exec order, President appointed	George W. Bush
bird flu czar	Assistant Secretary of Health and Human Services, Advisor to the President for Public Health Emergency Preparedness	Stewart Simonson	2004–2006	(New position), President appointed
birth control czar	Deputy Assistant Secretary of Population Affairs, Department of Health and Human Services	Eric Keroack	2006–2007	President appointed
border czar	attorney and Special Representative for the Southwest Border, Department of Justice	Alan Bersin	1995–1998	President nominated, Senate confirmed as U.S. Attorney, Appointed as Special Representative	Bill Clinton	✓
	Assistant Secretary for International Affairs, Special Representative for Border Affairs, Dept of Homeland Security	Alan Bersin	2009–2011	Sec of Homeland Security appointed	Barack Obama
	Special Assistant to the President and Coordinator for the Southern Border	Roberta S. Jacobson	2021 Jan–Apr	President appointed	Joe Biden
	Border Czar	Thomas Homan	2019/2025–present	President appointed	Donald Trump
budget czar	Director of the Office of Management and Budget	Mitch Daniels	2001–2003	President nominated, Senate confirmed	George W. Bush	✓
		Josh Bolten	2003–2006
		Rob Portman	2006–2007
car czar	Chief domestic policy advisor and Director of the White House Domestic Policy Council	Bruce Reed	1993–2001	(New position), Exec order, President appointed	Bill Clinton
czar of censorship	Director, Office of Censorship	Byron Price	1941–1945	Exec Order, President appointed	Franklin Roosevelt
cleanup czar	Special Assistant Attorney General (to investigate corruption)	Newbold Morris	1952, fired after 63 days by Attorney General (AG) for demanding records access; AG then forced to resign by President Truman	Attorney General appointed	Harry Truman
	Assistant Secretary for Environmental Management, Department of Energy (nuclear cleanup)	Jessie Roberson	2001–2004	President nominated, Senate confirmed	George W. Bush	✓
		James Rispoli	2005–2008	Sec. of Energy appointed, Senate confirmed	George W. Bush	✓
climate czar	Assistant to the President and Staff Secretary, President's Coordinator for Climate Change, Senior negotiator at Kyoto and Beuenos Aires negotiations	Todd Stern	1997–1999	President appointed	Bill Clinton
climate czar	Special Envoy for Climate Change	Todd Stern	2009	Sec. of State appointed	Barack Obama
climate czar, energy czar, global warming czar	Assistant to the President for Energy and Climate Change	Carol Browner	2009–2011	(New position)	Barack Obama
copyright czar	Intellectual Property Enforcement Coordinator	vacant; position approved but not filled during Bush administration	2008–2009	(New position)	George W. Bush
copyright czar	Intellectual Property Enforcement Coordinator	Victoria Espinel	2009–2013	(first at position)	Barack Obama
communications czar	Counselor to the President, Special counselor to the President	Dan Bartlett	2005–2007	President appointed	George W. Bush
compensation czar, Gulf claims czar, pay czar	Special Master for TARP Executive Compensation	Kenneth Feinberg	2009–2011, 2014–2016?	Sec. of Treasury appointed	Barack Obama
consumer czar	Special Advisor for the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau	Elizabeth Warren	2010–2011	(New position), President appointed	Barack Obama
COVID-19 czar	Counselor to the President of the United States	Jeff Zients	2021–2022	President appointed	Joe Biden
COVID-19 czar	White House COVID-19 response coordinator	Ashish Jha	2022–2023	President appointed	Joe Biden
cruise czar	Fact-Finding Officer for the Federal Maritime Commission	Louis E. Sola	2020–2023	President nominated, Senate confirmed	Donald Trump
cyber security czar, cyber czar	Special Advisor to the President on Cybersecurity, Office of Management and Budget (OMB)	Richard A. Clarke	2001 Oct – 2003 Feb	(New position), President appointed	George W. Bush
	Director, National Cybersecurity Center	Rod Beckstrom	2008–2009	(New position), Presidential directive, President appointed	George W. Bush
	Director of the White House Office of Cybersecurity, Cybersecurity Coordinator	Melissa Hathaway	2009 May–Jul, Acting czar	Office created May 31, 2009.	Barack Obama
		Tom Bossert	2017–2018		Donald Trump
		Robert Joyce	2018		Donald Trump

References

In 2019, a "border czar" was also named, but never formally appointed.
Trump has appointed Homan as the border czar for his second administration as well.
Government Executive
https://www.govexec.com/management/2023/01/time-federal-government-was-ruled-czars/382305/
The White House
https://www.whitehouse.gov/fact-sheets/2025/03/fact-sheet-president-donald-j-trump-establishes-the-strategic-bitcoin-reserve-and-u-s-digital-asset-stockpile/
TIME
https://time.com/3516927/history-of-white-house-czars/
The White House
https://www.whitehouse.gov/remarks/2025/01/remarks-by-president-trump-at-executive-order-signing/
Kondracke, Morton. "Pakistan Must Be Obama's Leading Foreign Priority", Roll Call, Mar 13, 2009, archived by WebCite. Ho
https://web.archive.org/web/20090512151541/http://www.realclearpolitics.com/articles/2009/03/pakistan_must_be_obamas_leadin.html
Jehl, Douglas."Ex-Washington State Official to Get AIDS Post", The New York Times, Jun 25, 1993. Hunter, Elizabeth. "Kri
https://www.nytimes.com/1993/06/25/us/ex-washington-state-official-to-get-aids-post.html
Hilts, Philip J. "Clinton Picks New Director of AIDS Policy", The New York Times, Nov 11, 1994. American Presidency Proj
https://www.nytimes.com/1994/11/11/us/clinton-picks-new-director-of-aids-policy.html
Staff biography, "Sandra Thurman" Archived 2001-05-13 at the Wayback Machine, Office of National AIDS Policy, Apr 1997.
https://clinton2.nara.gov/ONAP/thurman.html
Office of Press Secretary. "President Bush Announces Evertz to be the Director of the Office National AIDS Policy",Georg
https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2001/04/20010409-5.html
Office of Press Secretary."President Bush Announced Dr. Joseph O'Neill to be Director of the Office of National AIDS Pol
https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2002/07/20020719-2.html
Chibbaro, Lou Jr. "White House mum on AIDS director post: 'AIDS czar' position unfilled since February" Archived 2009-09
http://www.aegis.com/News/WB/2006/WB060908.html
Office of the Press Secretary."President Obama Selects Health Policy Expert to Head Office of National AIDS Policy" Arch
https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the_press_office/President-Obama-Selects-Health-Policy-Expert-to-Head-Office-of-National-AIDS-Polic/
"LA Times"
http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/lanow/2012/03/obama-appoints-california-physician-as-aids-chief.html
Time
https://time.com/4269852/aids-czar-white-house-douglas-brooks/
Evans and Novak. "Numerous Pitfalls Face Move to Fight Poverty", The Free Lance Star, Oct 25, 1965. "Poverty and now jus
https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=IVYQAAAAIBAJ&sjid=bosDAAAAIBAJ&pg=903%2C2173651
Evans and Novak. "U.S. names Asian Carp Czar", Chicago Tribune/WGN, Sept. 8, 2010.
http://www.chicagobreakingnews.com/2010/09/us-names-asian-carp-czar.html
AFP. "Rattner tapped as Treasury's advisor for US auto sector", Feb 23, 2009. Thomas, Ken, A.P. "Rattner to advise Treas
https://web.archive.org/web/20090225154846/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5hz6DcaKZzeeP0F-WrAwZvGhGUUqw
Allen, Mike. "Obama parks 'car czar' plan" Politico, Feb 16, 2009. Brown, Carrie Budoff. "Car czar decision has critics
https://www.politico.com/story/2009/02/obama-parks-car-czar-plan-018891
AP."Ed Montgomery, auto recovery czar, asked to help auto suppliers",Cleveland Plain Dealer, May 26, 2009 "Archived by W
https://web.archive.org/web/20090903044707/http://www.cleveland.com/business/index.ssf/2009/05/ed_montgomery_auto_recovery_cz.html
Kall, Rob. "Meet the $700 Billion Bailout Czar, Neel Kashkari",Huffington Post, Sep 6, 2008, Archived by WebCite. Horowi
https://web.archive.org/web/20090514035413/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/rob-kall/meet-the-700-billion-bail_b_132221.html
Andres, Gary and Griffin, Patrick "Using czars in W.H. to focus on policy", Politico, Apr 27, 2009. Press office. "Herbe
https://www.politico.com/story/2009/04/using-czars-in-wh-to-focus-on-policy-021720
Gillespie, Nick. "Leon Kass' bioethics homework assignment", Slate Magazine, Jan 18, 2002. Allen, Arthur. "The bioethics
http://www.slate.com/id/2060902/
Lovley, Erika. "Czar (n): An insult; a problem-solver", Politico, Oct 21, 2008, archived by WebCite. Office of Press Sec
https://www.politico.com/story/2008/10/czar-n-an-insult-a-problem-solver-014751
Schaeffer, Amanda. "The Family Un-Planner, The Bush administration's crazy new HHS appointment", Slate Magazine, Nov 21,
http://www.slate.com/id/2154249/
Ellingwood, Ken. "'Border Czar' Ends a Highly Visible Reign", Los Angeles Times, Jun 28, 1998.
https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-jun-28-mn-64534-story.html
"Secretary Napolitano Appoints Alan Bersin", U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Apr 15, 2009. Dibble, Sandra. "Bersin
https://www.dhs.gov/ynews/releases/pr_1239820176123.shtm
The New York Times
https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/09/us/politics/biden-border-czar.html
The New York Times
https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/14/us/politics/trump-homan-border.html
CNN
https://www.cnn.com/2019/07/12/politics/thomas-homan-fiery-exchanges-congress-hearing/index.html
Walczak, Lee "Q&A with the OMB's Mitch Daniels Bush's budget czar talks about the $1.35 trillion tax cut plan", Busines
https://archive.today/20240524113500/https://www.webcitation.org/5jYP3429Z?url=http://compuserve.businessweek.com/magazine/content/01_21/b3733101.htm
Gleckman, Howard. "A Chat with Bush's Budget Czar", BusinessWeek.com, September 6, 2004. Thomas LOC Presidential Nominat
https://web.archive.org/web/20040827165136/http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/04_36/b3898008_mz001.htm
Platt, Gordon. "Bush's new budget czar pledges to tackle US deficit" Archived 2007-11-21 at the Wayback Machine, Global
http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3715/is_200605/ai_n17174322/
Von Drehle, David. "Saying No to a Car Czar: A Smart First Step on Detroit", Time, Feb 17, 2009. DLC biography. "Bruce R
https://web.archive.org/web/20090219150336/http://www.time.com/time/politics/article/0,8599,1880077,00.html
"FOOD: The Tenth Czar", Time, Apr 5, 1943. American Presidency Project. Exec order establishing the office, Exec order t
https://web.archive.org/web/20081214172535/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,790873,00.html
AP. "Truman Announces McGrath's Resignation Few Hours After Attorney General Fires Morris", Ellenburg Daily Record, Apr
https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=AVkKAAAAIBAJ&sjid=rEsDAAAAIBAJ&dq=truman&pg=6008%2C122068
Cary, Annette. DOE cleanup czar to visit Richland, Wash, nuclear reservation, Tri-City Herald, Nov 9, 2004. Thomas LOC P
http://www.accessmylibrary.com/article-1G1-124359423/doe-cleanup-czar-visit.html
Thomas LOC Presidential Nominations. PN521-109, confirmed Jul 29, 2005. Hot topics."Rispoli Resigning As DOE Cleanup-Cza
http://www.theenergydaily.com/hottopics/nuclear_security/Rispoli-Resigning-As-DOE-Cleanup-Czar_1664.html
Cushman, John H. "Clinton Hones Sales Pitch On Global Warming Pact", Oct 4, 1997. American Presidency Project. "Press Br
https://www.nytimes.com/1997/10/04/us/clinton-hones-sales-pitch-on-global-warming-pact.html
Franke-Ruta, Garance."Stern Appointed Climate Change Envoy", Washington Post, Jan 26, 2009. Allen, Mike."Secretary Clint
https://web.archive.org/web/20120111163119/http://voices.washingtonpost.com/44/2009/01/26/stern_appointed_climate_change.html?hpid=topnews
American Presidency Project President-Elect Barack Obama Announces Key Members of Energy and Environment Team, December
http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=85081
Albanesius, Chloe President Bush Approves 'Copyright Czar' Bill, October 13, 2008.
https://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2332432,00.asp
Albanesius, Chloe President Bush Approves 'Copyright Czar' Bill, October 13, 2008. Kravets, David. Obama Appoints Schola
https://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2332432,00.asp
Lindlaw, Scott."Congress wants answers on Tillman death", USA Today, Jul 24, 2007. "Former Presidential Counselor Dan Ba
https://www.usatoday.com/news/topstories/2007-07-24-2214422074_x.htm
Jaffee, Matthew "Obama's New Special Master: Don't Call Him 'Pay Czar'", Jun 11, 2009. Press release. "Interim Final Rul
https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/TheNote/story?id=7815620&page=1
Cha, Ariana Eunjung "Elizabeth Warren appointed White House 'consumer czar'", September 17, 2010. Washington Post "Consu
https://web.archive.org/web/20101009022806/http://voices.washingtonpost.com/political-economy/2010/09/elizabeth_warren_to_be_appoint.html
Federal Maritime Commission
https://www.fmc.gov/sola-fact-finding-cruise-line-issues/
"President Bush Announces Ten People to Serve in his Administration", October 19, 2001--"Clarke was recently named Speci
http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=79164
"Senior Leadership The First Five Years: 2003–2008", Dept of Homeland Security, History Office, September 2008,DHS.gov,
https://web.archive.org/web/20090918104853/http://www.wired.com/dangerroom/2009/03/breaking-cyber
"Remarks by the President on securing our nation's cyber infrastructure", WhiteHouse.com, May 29, 2009. Obama near choos
https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the_press_office/Remarks-by-the-President-on-Securing-Our-Nations-Cyber-Infrastructure/
"Security Cyber Czar Steps Down - WSJ.com"
https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB124932480886002237
WIRED
https://www.wired.com/2017/02/tom-bossert-trump-cybersecurity/
FCW
https://fcw.com/articles/2017/03/15/joyce-white-house-cyber.aspx
Crowley, Michael. "Elliott Abrams, From Iran-Contra to Bush's democracy czar". Slate Magazine, Feb 17, 2005. Office of P
http://www.slate.com/id/2113690/
Sidey, Hugh."THE PRESIDENCY: Misusing the White House Machine", Time, Aug 13, 1973."Joseph Califano", Bio."Joseph A. Cal
https://web.archive.org/web/20081214070110/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,907663,00.html
Meyerson, Harold. "Rove's Blind Spot", Washington Post, Aug 15, 2007 Benen, Steve. "When you wish upon a czar", Washingt
https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/08/14/AR2007081401330.html
"Vice President Biden Announces", WhiteHouse.gov, Jun 26, 2009. Works out of the Office of the Vice President Erbe, Bonn
https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the_press_office/Vice-President-Biden-Announces-Appointment-of-White-House-Advisor-on-Violence-Against-Women/
Frontline Drug Wars. "Interview Dr. Jerome Jaffe", PBS.org. Shuit, Douglas. "Former U.S. Drug Officials Admit Policy Ove
https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/drugs/interviews/jaffe.html
American Presidency Project. "Remarks on Signing Executive Order 12368, Concerning Federal Drug Abuse Policy Functions",
http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=42671
Thomas LOC Presidential Nominations. PN141-101, confirmed Mar 9, 1989. "The Drug Czar's Coherent Legacy - The New York T
https://www.nytimes.com/1990/11/11/opinion/the-drug-czar-s-coherent-legacy.html?scp=8&sq=czar&st=nyt
Thomas LOC Presidential Nominations. PN65-102, confirmed Mar 21, 1991, successor nominated Jun, 1993.
Thomas LOC Presidential Nominations. PN361-103, confirmed Senate Jun 16, 1993.
Ostrow, Ronald. "Swift Approval Seen for Drug Czar", LA Times, Feb 26, 1996. Thomas LOC Presidential Nominations. PN840-
https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1996-02-26-mn-40334-story.html
Thomas LOC Presidential Nominations. PN965-107, confirmed Dec 5, 2001. Kraul, Chris. "U.S. drug czar points finger at Ch
https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2008-jan-21-fg-chavez21-story.html
Cook, Dave. "New drug czar gets lower rank, promise of higher visibility", The Christian Science Monitor, Mar 11, 2009.
http://features.csmonitor.com/politics/2009/03/11/new-drug-czar-gets-lower-rank-promise-of-higher-visibility
Office of National Drug Control Policy
https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/ondcp/botticelli-bio
"Vice President Names Elizabeth Echols as Executive Director of Electronic Commerce Working Group"
http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-18846907.html
"U.S. At War: Trouble Ahead"Time, Feb 15, 1943. "FOOD: The Tenth Czar", Time, Apr 5, 1943. "US At War: Men Around Byrnes
https://web.archive.org/web/20081214165823/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,774239,00.html
St. Clair, James and Gugin, Linda. "Chief Justice Fred M. Vinson of Kentucky: a political biography", Univ Press of Ken
https://books.google.com/books?id=S8ke9ncYyZYC&dq=fred+vinson+czar&pg=PP18
"FOOD: The Tenth Czar", Time, Apr 5, 1943. "US At War: Men Around Byrnes", Oct 19, 1942. American Presidency Project. Ex
https://web.archive.org/web/20081214172535/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,790873,00.html
Hamburger, Tom and Parsons, Christi. "President Obama's czar system concerns some", Los Angeles Times, Mar 5, 2009. Coil
https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2009-mar-05-na-obama-czars5-story.html
Lovley, Erika. "Czar (n): An insult; a problem-solver", Politico, Oct 21, 2008. Energy Policy Office Archived 2009-12-16
https://www.politico.com/story/2008/10/czar-n-an-insult-a-problem-solver-014751
Mufson, Steven and Heath, Thomas. "Wanted: Crisis Manager in Chief, A Key Challenge in Auto Bailout Is Finding 'Czar' to
https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/12/09/AR2008120903015.html
American Presidency Project. Richard "Nixon: Remarks on Signing the Federal Energy Administration Act of 1974" May 7, 19
http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=4198&st=sawhill&st1=
Quint, Michael." Profile, Frank G. Zarb His Formula", New York Times, Mar 28, 1993. NPR Interview."Frank Zarb CEO of the
https://www.nytimes.com/1993/03/28/business/profile-frank-g-zarb-his-formula-smith-barney-shearson-powerhouse.html?scp=3&sq=Frank%20Zarb&st=nyt&pagewanted=all
"Schlesinger's Czardom Takes Shape", Time, Mar. 07, 1977. "Carter's Great Purge" Jul 30, 1979.
https://web.archive.org/web/20081215104947/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,918781,00.html
"Norm Eisen Gets Ambassador Gig Leaving White House 'Ethics Czar' Post Vacant", The Huffington Post, June 29, 2010 "Timo
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/06/29/norm-eisen-gets-ambassado_n_629868.html
"Timothy P. Carney: Obama closes curtain on transparency" Archived 2010-08-29 at the Wayback Machine, The Examiner, Augu
http://www.washingtonexaminer.com/opinion/columns/Obama-closes-curtain-on-transparency-468557-100595914.html
American Presidency Project. " Remarks on Signing Executive Orders With Respect to Faith-Based and Community Initiative
http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=45707
Faith Czar Towey blasts 'militant secularism' at Catholic men's event", Church & State, Mar 2005, "Archived by Webcite".
https://web.archive.org/web/20090907021110/http://www.au.org/media/church-and-state/archives/2005/05/faith-czar-towey.html
Official biography."OFBCI Director Jay Hein", "George W. Bush White House Archives". Institute for Studies of Religion.
https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/government/fbci/dir-hein.html
Boorstein, Michelle; Shear, Michael D. "DuBois, 26, to Head Faith Office", Washington Post, Jan 29, 2009. Goldstein, Lau
https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/01/29/AR2009012904124.html
Weiner, Rachel. "Melissa Rogers promises continuity in faith-based office", Washington Post, Mar 22, 2013.
https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/post-politics/wp/2013/03/22/melissa-rogers-promises-continuity-in-faith-based-office/
American Presidency ProjectExecutive Order 9280 Delegating Authority Over the Food Program to the Secretary of Agricultu
http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=16211&st=executive+order+9280&st1=
War Food Administration established by Exec Order 9334 on Apr 19, 1943. American Presidency Project Exec order terminati
http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=77902&st=war+food&st1=
American Presidency Project.Letter Accepting Resignation of Marvin Jones as War Food Administrator, May 23, 1945. Americ
http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=12231
American Presidency Project. "Letter to the Chairman, Citizens Food Committee", Nov 20, 1947. Pearson, Drew. "Congressme
http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=12791
Seabrook, Andrea."What's With This 'Czar' Talk?", NPR, May 16, 2007. Benen, Steve. "Wish upon a Czar", American Prospect
https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=10215599
"Morality Gets a Message", The Nation, May 10. 2007. Thomas LOC Presidential Nominations. PN1330-109, confirmed Mar 29.
http://www.thenation.com/doc/20070528/editors
Epstein, Edward. Retired drug company executive named global AIDS czar, San Francisco Chronicle, Jul 3, 2003, archived b
https://web.archive.org/web/20040928013518/http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=%2Fchronicle%2Farchive%2F2003%2F07%2F03%2FMN258787.DTL
Thomas LOC Presidential Nominations. PN1815-109, Confirmed Aug 3, 2006. McNeil, Donald. "Mystery, controversy dog AIDS c
http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2009/01/31/MN7L15KLDU.DTL
Flesher, John, A.P. EPA appoints Great Lakes cleanup czar, Jun 4, 2009. Archived by WebCite.
https://web.archive.org/web/20111010221307/http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/nationworld/2009299793_apusobamagreatlakes.html
whitehouse.gov
https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/blog/09/03/10/Van-Jones-to-CEQ/
Rosenberg, Carol. "Fried named as Guantanamo Closure Czar" Archived 2009-07-27 at the Wayback Machine, The State, May 13
http://www.thestate.com/166/story/785375.html
"US Report: US to spur third-world e-commerce"
http://news.zdnet.co.uk/internet/0,1000000097,2070080,00.htm
Office of Press Secretary. Executive Order, Establishment of the White House Office of Health Reform Archived 2009-05-14
https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the_press_office/Executive-Order-Establishing-The-White-House-Office-Of-Health-Reform/
AP."New York lawmakers ask Obama to rehire 9/11 health czar", Feb 23, 2009. AP. "Bush administration to replace health c
http://www.cleveland.com/medical/index.ssf/2009/02/ny_lawmakers_ask_obama_to_rehi.html
News Release. "Secretary Thompson, Seeking Fastest Possible Results, Names First Health Information Technology Coordinat
https://web.archive.org/web/20041015032027/http://hhs.gov/news/press/2004pres/20040506.html
"Defender In Chief"] Time, Nov 5, 2001. Romesh, Ratnesar "Can He Fix It", Time, Jun 17, 2002. American Presidency Proje
https://archive.today/20130204085626/http://www.time.com/time/printout/0,8816,1002654,00.html
Thomas LOC Presidential Nomination: PN1-108, Confirmed, Jan 7, 2003. American Presidency Project. Statement on the Resig
http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=72842&st=tom+ridge&st1=
Ireland, Doug."Dirty Little Secrets Bush’s Homeland Security czar Mike Chertoff and his days in New Jersey", LAWeekly.co
https://web.archive.org/web/20090909002357/http://www.laweekly.com/2005-01-13/news/dirty-little-secrets
"Phil Magano" The Bush administration's homeless czar talks, LA Times, Oct 4, 2007. Appointed in Mar 2002, UniverCity Co
http://www.latimes.com/business/la-oew-mangano4oct04,0,4581781.story
Swope, Christopler, "PUBLIC OFFICIALS of the YEAR: Philip Mangano,2006 HONOREE, Executive Director, U.S. Interagency Cou
http://www.governing.com/poy/Philip-Mangano.html
Pearson, Drew. "The Daily Washington Merry-Go-Round, Rooking War Veterans", Prescott Evening Courier, Apr 13, 1946. Amer
https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=EvwKAAAAIBAJ&sjid=GVADAAAAIBAJ&pg=4424,5018018&dq=truman+housing+czar
"President Donald Trump to create White House office to fight, prosecute human traffickers"
https://www.upi.com/Top_News/US/2020/01/31/Trump-to-create-White-House-czar-to-fight-prosecute-human-traffickers/9991580482115/
"Heather Fischer will fight human trafficking for Trump admin | Las Vegas Review-Journal"
https://www.reviewjournal.com/news/politics-and-government/former-state-department-staffer-will-fight-human-trafficking-2059312/
Seabrook, Andrea."What's With This 'Czar' Talk?", NPR, May 16, 2007. Hsu, Spencer."A Bush Loyalist Tackles Katrina Recov
https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=10215599
Time, Apr 24, 1978. Loeb, Marshall. "What Might Have Been",Time, Nov 6, 1978. Glassman, James K. Close, But No Big Czar,
https://web.archive.org/web/20090906080317/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,948258-2,00.html
"Inflation Czar Will Take Apart His Title" Archived 2011-10-01 at the Wayback Machine, Cornell Chronicle, Jul 14, 1983.
https://ecommons.library.cornell.edu/bitstream/1813/5350/3/014_35.pdf
"FOOD: The Tenth Czar", Time, Apr 5, 1943. American Presidency Project.Exec Order establishing the office, Exec Order te
https://web.archive.org/web/20081214172535/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,790873,00.html
Thomas LOC. E Government Act, 2002 Archived 2009-01-18 at the Wayback Machine. President Obama Names Vivek Kundra Archiv
http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/z?c107:H.R.2458.ENR:
The New York Times
https://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/04/technology/white-house-picks-new-information-chief.html
"Bush Backs Creation of Intelligence Czar", Thomas LOC Presidential Nominations. PN329-109, confirmed Apr 21, 2005. "Ne
https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A33866-2004Aug2.html
Branigin, William. "Bush Backs Creation of Intelligence Czar", "Intelligence czar reveals details"Virginian Pilot, Aug 2
https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A33866-2004Aug2.html
Eisler, Peter. "Obama's choice of Blair as intelligence czar covers bases", USA Today, Jan 8, 2009. Thomas LOC President
https://www.usatoday.com/news/washington/2009-01-08-blair_N.htm
Mason, Jeff. "Obama names retired general new intelligence chief", "Reuters", June 5, 2010.
https://www.reuters.com/article/us-security-obama-intelligence-idUSTRE6536GZ20100605
Holland, Steve. "Obama fashions a government of many czars", Reuters, May 29, 2009, archived by WebCite.
https://web.archive.org/web/20220610044019/https://www.reuters.com/article/newsOne/idUSTRE54S5U120090529?pageNumber=2&virtualBrandChannel=0&sp=true
Evans and Novak. "Tour of Latin America To Test LBJ as Campaigner", The Free Lance Star, Jan 22, 1965. Principal Officer
https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=EiERAAAAIBAJ&sjid=MooDAAAAIBAJ&dq=latin%20affairs%20czar%20mann&pg=7261%2C1579109
"U.S. At War: Trouble Ahead"Time, Feb 15, 1943. American Presidency Project. Exec Order establishing the commission Arch
https://web.archive.org/web/20081214165823/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,774239,00.html
Set Aside Alert."President Bush has nominated Albert Frink","AllBusiness.com", Apr 16, 2004. "Senators tell government's
http://www.allbusiness.com/government/government-procurement/138677-1.html
New Manufacturing 'Czar' Will Have a Full Plate of Issues" Archived 2011-07-24 at the Wayback Machine, MA News, Sep 29,
http://www.managingautomation.com/maonline/news/read/New_Manufacturing_Czar_Will_Have_a_Full_Plate_of_Issues_30571
Bureaus reporting directly to the Secretary. "Special Envoy for Middle East Peace", State.gov. Fletcher, Michael A. and
https://2009-2017.state.gov/s/middleeastpeace/index.htm
"Questionable concern about mine safety", San Diego Union Tribune, Aug 23, 2007. "The deeper danger of Crandall Canyon",
http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20070823/news_lz1e23vandeer.html
"History of Minuteman Missile Sites, National Park Service, 1995, archived by WebCite. "Knowland tells why he backed Gar
https://web.archive.org/web/20090609063826/http://www.nps.gov/archive/mimi/history/srs/history.htm
"Wilson Gets Blank Check as Czar of Mobilization", The Evening Independent, Dec 16, 1950, page 1. Paul G. Pierpaoli Jr.
https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=09EOAAAAIBAJ&sjid=e1UDAAAAIBAJ&dq=truman%20czar&pg=5665%2C740503
"Tracking the Oil", Time, Sep 8, 1941. "Oil In Search of a Policy", Time, Dec 27, 1943. American Presidency Project. "Ap
https://web.archive.org/web/20101123071343/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,849484,00.html
CBS News
https://www.cbsnews.com/news/trump-alice-johnson-pardon-czar/
Pearson, Drew. "Drew Pearson on Washington Merry-Go-Round, Sec. Ickes' Last Battle", Virgin Island Daily News, Feb 19, 1
https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=V6oNAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ei4DAAAAIBAJ&dq=patronage-czar&pg=1809%2C960544
Thomas LOC, Presidential Nomination: PN418-111, confirmed June 19, 2009. Goler, Wendell."Obama's Army of Czars Raises C
https://web.archive.org/web/20090822082623/http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2009/07/16/obamas-army-czars-raises-concerns-executive-power/
Sullivan, Andrew. "Too tired to think: team Bush loses its way", Times On Line, Mar 13, 2006. archived by Webcite. Ameri
https://web.archive.org/web/20070208113059/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/columnists/andrew_sullivan/article742640.ece
"Henderson Quits Price Czar Job", St. Petersburg Times, Jan 17, 1943. Exec Order establishing the Office of Price Admini
https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=888&dat=19430117&id=CLUKAAAAIBAJ&sjid=dk0DAAAAIBAJ&pg=7200,5705742
"U.S. At War: Enter Grimly", Time, Dec 28, 1942.
https://web.archive.org/web/20090906082142/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,886073,00.html
Appointed 1943 Archived 2009-08-21 at the Wayback Machine. American Presidency Project. "Statement by the President Comm
https://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761554330/Chester_Bowles.html
American Presidency Project. Remarks at a Meeting of the Cost of Living Council, Nov 15, 1971. "The Economy: The Take-Ch
http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=3218
"U.S. At War: Trouble Ahead"Time, Feb 15, 1943. American Presidency Project."Executive Order 9024 Establishing the War
https://web.archive.org/web/20081214165823/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,774239,00.html
American Presidency Project. "Letter Accepting Resignation of J. A. Krug as Chairman of the War Production Board", Oct 5
http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=12323
Kamen, Al. "Instead of Plum Appointments, Maybe A Lump of Coal", Washington Post, Dec 14, 2007. Thomas LOC Presidential
https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/12/13/AR2007121302017_pf.html
Thomas LOC Presidential Nominations. PN1133-110, confirmed Jun 4, 2008. Kamen, Al. "Get Thee to an Airport"Washington Po
https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/06/10/AR2008061002803_pf.html
Manzo, Kathleen Kennedy. "National Reading Czar to Leave Public Sector for Teacher Ed. Venture". "Education Week", Jun 8
http://www.edweek.org/login.html?source=http://www.edweek.org/ew/articles/2005/06/08/39lyon.h24.html&destination=http://www.edweek.org/ew/articles/2005/06/08/39lyon.h24.html&levelId=2100
Pearson, Drew. "Truman's First 6 Months Good President Needs To Watch Friends", St. Petersburg Times, Oct 12, 1945, p. 6
https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=N9UKAAAAIBAJ&sjid=pU4DAAAAIBAJ&dq=truman&pg=5421%2C3827574
"Regulations Czar Prefers New Path",New York Times, Mar 21, 2001. Thomas LOC Presidential Nominations. PN213-107 confirm
https://www.nytimes.com/2001/03/25/politics/25RISK.html?ex=1076562000&en=d6317e3ad84a7273&ei=5070
Hoover, Kent. "Bush appoints regulatory czar, avoids confirmation battle", BizJournals.com, April 16, 2007. Thomas LOC
http://www.bizjournals.com/extraedge/washingtonbureau/archive/2007/04/16/bureau3.html
Thomas LOC Presidential Nominations. PN323-111, confirmed Sep 9, 2009. Weisman, Jonathan and Bravin Jess. Obama's Regula
https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB123138051682263203
American Presidency Project. "Executive Order 9246 on Coordination and Control of the Rubber Program" Sep 17, 1942. Jef
http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=16305
"People - Ryan in Wings as Savings and Loan Czar", Los Angeles Times, Mar 9, 1990. Thomas LOC Presidential Nominations.
https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-03-09-fi-2245-story.html
Special Report Tech. "A Talk with Bush's Science Czar", Mar 16, 2004. About OSTP. "Previous Science Advisors" "OSTP.gov"
https://web.archive.org/web/20040317053353/http://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/mar2004/tc20040316_5366_tc166.htm
Goler, Wendell. Questions Raised Over Influence of Obama 'Czars', FoxNews.com, July 13, 2009. Jones, Richard M. Senate C
https://www.foxnews.com/politics/questions-raised-over-influence-of-obama-czars/
"Failure", Time, May 18, 1942. American Presidency Project. Executive Order Establishing the War Shipping Administration
https://web.archive.org/web/20101014180824/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,849801,00.html
Position created statute: American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 HR1, 2009. Halperin, Mark. "Obama to Name Stimu
https://web.archive.org/web/20090906081634/http://thepage.time.com/2009/02/22/obama-to-name-stimulus-czar/?iid=sphere-inline-sidebar
Thomas LOC Presidential Nominations: PN426, confirmed by Senate as Assoc Dir. of OSTP, May 19, 2009. Weekly Address Arch
https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the_press_office/Weekly-Address-President-Obama-Discusses-Efforts-to-Reform-Spending/
Position created.Presidential Decision Directive 63 Archived 2010-05-27 at the Wayback Machine, May 1998. "Leung, Rebecc
https://clinton2.nara.gov/WH/EOP/NSC/html/documents/NSCDoc3.html
Leung, Rebecca."Clarke's Take On Terror", CBS News, Mar 21, 2004, archived by Webcite. Borger, Julian. "Bush ignored ter
https://web.archive.org/web/20090918115327/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2004/03/19/60minutes/main607356.shtml
Office of Press Secretary. Personnel Announcement, GeorgeWBushWhitehouse.com, Oct 9, 2001. Bernstein, Adam. "Gen. Wayne
https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2001/10/20011009-4.html
Smith, R. Jeffrey. Obama Taps CIA Veteran As Adviser On Terror, Washington Post, Jan 8, 2009. Carpenter, Amanda. [https:
https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/01/08/AR2009010804108.html
"Summary of the September 13, 2012 Meeting of the Board Of Directors of the Millennium Challenge Corporation, from the MCC.gov website"
https://web.archive.org/web/20140221182156/http://www.mcc.gov/documents/reports/summary-board-091312-meeting.pdf
"Council on Women and Girls, White House Website"
https://web.archive.org/web/20130510173322/http://www.whitehouse.gov/administration/eop/cwg/who/oustr
Tucker, Ray. "News Behind the News" The Evening Independent, Jul 16, 1941. American Presidency Project. Executive Order
https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=FKULAAAAIBAJ&sjid=C1UDAAAAIBAJ&pg=4583,4550997&dq=transportation+czar
J. Monroe Johnson Papers, 1894–1964 University S Carolina Libraries. United Press. "Transport Plan in Operation Eugene R
http://www.sc.edu/library/socar/uscs/2007/johnjm07.html
Office of the Press Secretary. President Barack Obama Announces Key White House Posts Archived 2009-07-15 at the Wayback
https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the_press_office/President-Barack-Obama-Announces-Key-White-House-Posts/
"Bush picks Gen. Lute as "war czar" for Iraq", Stolberg, Sheryl. [2], New York Times, May 16, 2007. Thomas LOC President
https://www.reuters.com/article/topNews/idUSWAT00750220070515
Cole, August. "Obama's Pick for Weapons Czar Will Target Cost Overruns", Wall Street Journal, Mar 26, 2009. Thomas LOC P
https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB123810761835052441
"Gary Samore Tapped for Weapons of Mass Destruction 'Czar'", Fox News, Jan 29, 2009. Arms Control Update. "Press Briefin
http://www.foxnews.com/politics/elections/2009/01/29/gary-samore-tapped-weapons-mass-destruction-czar/100days/
Sickinger, Ted. "Energy efficiency advocates press state for speedy action on new programs", The Oregonian, Aug 13, 2009
http://www.oregonlive.com/business/index.ssf/2009/08/energy_efficiency_advoctates_p.html