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List of Tour de France general classification winners

Updated: Wikipedia source

List of Tour de France general classification winners

The Tour de France is an annual road bicycle race held over 23 days in July. Established in 1903 by newspaper L'Auto, the Tour is the best-known and most prestigious of cycling's three "Grand Tours"; the others are the Giro d'Italia and the Vuelta a España. The race usually covers approximately 3,500 kilometres (2,200 mi), passing through France and neighbouring countries such as Belgium. The race is broken into day-long stages. Individual finishing times for each stage are totalled to determine the overall winner at the end of the race. The course changes every year, but has finished in Paris every year except 2024, when it finished in Nice. Since 1975, it has finished along the Champs-Élysées. The rider with the lowest aggregate time at the end of each day wears the yellow jersey, representing the leader of the general classification. There are other jerseys as well: the green jersey, worn by the leader of the points classification; the polka dot jersey, worn by the leader of the mountains classification; and the white jersey, worn by the leader of the young rider classification. Jacques Anquetil, Eddy Merckx, Bernard Hinault, and Miguel Induráin have won the most Tours with five each. Induráin is the only man to win five consecutive Tours. Henri Cornet is the youngest winner; he won in 1904, just short of his 20th birthday. Firmin Lambot is the oldest winner, he was 36 years, 4 months old when he won in 1922. French cyclists have won the most Tours; 21 cyclists have won 36 Tours among them. Belgian cyclists are second with 18 victories, and Spanish riders are third with 12 wins. The most recent winner is Slovenian rider Tadej Pogačar, who won the 2025 Tour. After it emerged that Lance Armstrong had used performance-enhancing drugs, in October 2012, the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI) stripped Armstrong of the seven consecutive Tour general classification titles between 1999 and 2005.

Infobox

Dates
July annually
Location
Since 1975, finished on the Champs-Élysées in Paris

Tables

· Winners
#
#
#
Also won points classification in the same year
Also won young rider classification in the same year
Also won points classification in the same year
Also won points and mountains classification in the same year
§
§
§
Also won points classification in the same year
Also won the mountains and young rider classification in the same year
Also won points classification in the same year
Also won mountains classification in the same year
#
Also won young rider classification in the same year
Also won points and mountains classification in the same year
§
Also won the mountains and young rider classification in the same year
Tour de France general classification winners[37][38] · Winners
1903
1903
Year
1903
Country
France
Cyclist
Maurice Garin
Sponsor/Team
La Française
Distance
2,428 km (1,509 mi)
Time/Points
94h 33′ 14″
Margin
+ 2h 59′ 21″
Stage wins
3
1904
1904
Year
1904
Country
France
Cyclist
Henri Cornet
Sponsor/Team
Conte
Distance
2,428 km (1,509 mi)
Time/Points
96h 05′ 55″
Margin
+ 2h 16′ 14″
Stage wins
1
1905
1905
Year
1905
Country
France
Cyclist
Louis Trousselier
Sponsor/Team
Peugeot–Wolber
Distance
2,994 km (1,860 mi)
Time/Points
35
Margin
26
Stage wins
5
1906
1906
Year
1906
Country
France
Cyclist
René Pottier
Sponsor/Team
Peugeot–Wolber
Distance
4,637 km (2,881 mi)
Time/Points
31
Margin
8
Stage wins
5
1907
1907
Year
1907
Country
France
Cyclist
Lucien Petit-Breton
Sponsor/Team
Peugeot–Wolber
Distance
4,488 km (2,789 mi)
Time/Points
47
Margin
19
Stage wins
2
1908
1908
Year
1908
Country
France
Cyclist
Lucien Petit-Breton
Sponsor/Team
Peugeot–Wolber
Distance
4,497 km (2,794 mi)
Time/Points
36
Margin
32
Stage wins
5
1909
1909
Year
1909
Country
Luxembourg
Cyclist
François Faber
Sponsor/Team
Alcyon–Dunlop
Distance
4,498 km (2,795 mi)
Time/Points
37
Margin
20
Stage wins
6
1910
1910
Year
1910
Country
France
Cyclist
Octave Lapize
Sponsor/Team
Alcyon–Dunlop
Distance
4,734 km (2,942 mi)
Time/Points
63
Margin
4
Stage wins
4
1911
1911
Year
1911
Country
France
Cyclist
Gustave Garrigou
Sponsor/Team
Alcyon–Dunlop
Distance
5,343 km (3,320 mi)
Time/Points
43
Margin
18
Stage wins
2
1912
1912
Year
1912
Country
Belgium
Cyclist
Odile Defraye
Sponsor/Team
Alcyon–Dunlop
Distance
5,289 km (3,286 mi)
Time/Points
49
Margin
59
Stage wins
3
1913
1913
Year
1913
Country
Belgium
Cyclist
Philippe Thys
Sponsor/Team
Peugeot–Wolber
Distance
5,287 km (3,285 mi)
Time/Points
197h 54′ 00″
Margin
+ 8′ 37″
Stage wins
1
1914
1914
Year
1914
Country
Belgium
Cyclist
Philippe Thys
Sponsor/Team
Peugeot–Wolber
Distance
5,380 km (3,340 mi)
Time/Points
200h 28′ 48″
Margin
+ 1′ 50″
Stage wins
1
1915
1915
Year
1915
Country
Cyclist
~Not contested due to World War I
Sponsor/Team
Distance
Time/Points
Margin
Stage wins
1916
1916
Year
1916
Country
Cyclist
Sponsor/Team
Distance
Time/Points
Margin
1917
1917
Year
1917
Country
Cyclist
Sponsor/Team
Distance
Time/Points
Margin
1918
1918
Year
1918
Country
Cyclist
Sponsor/Team
Distance
Time/Points
Margin
1919
1919
Year
1919
Country
Belgium
Cyclist
Firmin Lambot
Sponsor/Team
La Sportive
Distance
5,560 km (3,450 mi)
Time/Points
231h 07′ 15″
Margin
+ 1h 42′ 54″
Stage wins
1
1920
1920
Year
1920
Country
Belgium
Cyclist
Philippe Thys
Sponsor/Team
La Sportive
Distance
5,503 km (3,419 mi)
Time/Points
228h 36′ 13″
Margin
+ 57′ 21″
Stage wins
4
1921
1921
Year
1921
Country
Belgium
Cyclist
Léon Scieur
Sponsor/Team
La Sportive
Distance
5,485 km (3,408 mi)
Time/Points
221h 50′ 26″
Margin
+ 18′ 36″
Stage wins
2
1922
1922
Year
1922
Country
Belgium
Cyclist
Firmin Lambot
Sponsor/Team
Peugeot–Wolber
Distance
5,375 km (3,340 mi)
Time/Points
222h 08′ 06″
Margin
+ 41′ 15″
Stage wins
0
1923
1923
Year
1923
Country
France
Cyclist
Henri Pélissier
Sponsor/Team
Automoto–Hutchinson
Distance
5,386 km (3,347 mi)
Time/Points
222h 15′ 30″
Margin
+ 30 '41″
Stage wins
3
1924
1924
Year
1924
Country
Italy
Cyclist
Ottavio Bottecchia
Sponsor/Team
Automoto
Distance
5,425 km (3,371 mi)
Time/Points
226h 18′ 21″
Margin
+ 35′ 36″
Stage wins
4
1925
1925
Year
1925
Country
Italy
Cyclist
Ottavio Bottecchia
Sponsor/Team
Automoto–Hutchinson
Distance
5,440 km (3,380 mi)
Time/Points
219h 10′ 18″
Margin
+ 54′ 20″
Stage wins
4
1926
1926
Year
1926
Country
Belgium
Cyclist
Lucien Buysse
Sponsor/Team
Automoto–Hutchinson
Distance
5,745 km (3,570 mi)
Time/Points
238h 44′ 25″
Margin
+ 1h 22′ 25″
Stage wins
2
1927
1927
Year
1927
Country
Luxembourg
Cyclist
Nicolas Frantz
Sponsor/Team
Alcyon–Dunlop
Distance
5,398 km (3,354 mi)
Time/Points
198h 16′ 42″
Margin
+ 1h 48′ 41″
Stage wins
3
1928
1928
Year
1928
Country
Luxembourg
Cyclist
Nicolas Frantz
Sponsor/Team
Alcyon–Dunlop
Distance
5,476 km (3,403 mi)
Time/Points
192h 48′ 58″
Margin
+ 50′ 07″
Stage wins
5
1929
1929
Year
1929
Country
Belgium
Cyclist
Maurice De Waele
Sponsor/Team
Alcyon–Dunlop
Distance
5,286 km (3,285 mi)
Time/Points
186h 39′ 15″
Margin
+44′ 23″
Stage wins
1
1930
1930
Year
1930
Country
France
Cyclist
André Leducq
Sponsor/Team
France
Distance
4,822 km (2,996 mi)
Time/Points
172h 12′ 16″
Margin
+ 14′ 13″
Stage wins
2
1931
1931
Year
1931
Country
France
Cyclist
Antonin Magne
Sponsor/Team
France
Distance
5,091 km (3,163 mi)
Time/Points
177h 10′ 03″
Margin
+ 12′ 56″
Stage wins
1
1932
1932
Year
1932
Country
France
Cyclist
André Leducq
Sponsor/Team
France
Distance
4,479 km (2,783 mi)
Time/Points
154h 11′ 49″
Margin
+ 24′ 03″
Stage wins
6
1933
1933
Year
1933
Country
France
Cyclist
Georges Speicher
Sponsor/Team
France
Distance
4,395 km (2,731 mi)
Time/Points
147h 51′ 37″
Margin
+ 4′ 01″
Stage wins
3
1934
1934
Year
1934
Country
France
Cyclist
Antonin Magne
Sponsor/Team
France
Distance
4,470 km (2,780 mi)
Time/Points
147h 13′ 58″
Margin
+ 27′ 31″
Stage wins
3
1935
1935
Year
1935
Country
Belgium
Cyclist
Romain Maes
Sponsor/Team
Belgium
Distance
4,338 km (2,696 mi)
Time/Points
141h 23′ 00″
Margin
+ 17′ 52″
Stage wins
3
1936
1936
Year
1936
Country
Belgium
Cyclist
Sylvère Maes
Sponsor/Team
Belgium
Distance
4,442 km (2,760 mi)
Time/Points
142h 47′ 32″
Margin
+ 26′ 55″
Stage wins
4
1937
1937
Year
1937
Country
France
Cyclist
Roger Lapébie
Sponsor/Team
France
Distance
4,415 km (2,743 mi)
Time/Points
138h 58′ 31″
Margin
+ 7′ 17″
Stage wins
3
1938
1938
Year
1938
Country
Italy
Cyclist
Gino Bartali*
Sponsor/Team
Italy
Distance
4,694 km (2,917 mi)
Time/Points
148h 29′ 12″
Margin
+ 18′ 27″
Stage wins
2
1939
1939
Year
1939
Country
Belgium
Cyclist
Sylvère Maes*
Sponsor/Team
Belgium
Distance
4,224 km (2,625 mi)
Time/Points
132h 03′ 17″
Margin
+ 30′ 38″
Stage wins
2
1940
1940
Year
1940
Country
Cyclist
~Not contested due to World War II
Sponsor/Team
Distance
Time/Points
Margin
Stage wins
1941
1941
Year
1941
Country
Cyclist
Sponsor/Team
Distance
Time/Points
Margin
1942
1942
Year
1942
Country
Cyclist
Sponsor/Team
Distance
Time/Points
Margin
1943
1943
Year
1943
Country
Cyclist
Sponsor/Team
Distance
Time/Points
Margin
1944
1944
Year
1944
Country
Cyclist
Sponsor/Team
Distance
Time/Points
Margin
1945
1945
Year
1945
Country
Cyclist
Sponsor/Team
Distance
Time/Points
Margin
1946
1946
Year
1946
Country
Cyclist
Sponsor/Team
Distance
Time/Points
Margin
1947
1947
Year
1947
Country
France
Cyclist
Jean Robic
Sponsor/Team
France
Distance
4,642 km (2,884 mi)
Time/Points
148h 11′ 25″
Margin
+ 3′ 58″
Stage wins
3
1948
1948
Year
1948
Country
Italy
Cyclist
Gino Bartali*
Sponsor/Team
Italy
Distance
4,922 km (3,058 mi)
Time/Points
147h 10′ 36″
Margin
+ 26′ 16″
Stage wins
7
1949
1949
Year
1949
Country
Italy
Cyclist
Fausto Coppi*
Sponsor/Team
Italy
Distance
4,808 km (2,988 mi)
Time/Points
149h 40′ 49″
Margin
+ 10′ 55″
Stage wins
3
1950
1950
Year
1950
Country
Switzerland
Cyclist
Ferdinand Kübler
Sponsor/Team
Switzerland
Distance
4,773 km (2,966 mi)
Time/Points
145h 36′ 56″
Margin
+ 9′ 30″
Stage wins
3
1951
1951
Year
1951
Country
Switzerland
Cyclist
Hugo Koblet
Sponsor/Team
Switzerland
Distance
4,690 km (2,910 mi)
Time/Points
142h 20′ 14″
Margin
+ 22′ 00″
Stage wins
5
1952
1952
Year
1952
Country
Italy
Cyclist
Fausto Coppi*
Sponsor/Team
Italy
Distance
4,898 km (3,043 mi)
Time/Points
151h 57′ 20″
Margin
+ 28′ 17″
Stage wins
5
1953
1953
Year
1953
Country
France
Cyclist
Louison Bobet
Sponsor/Team
France
Distance
4,476 km (2,781 mi)
Time/Points
129h 23′ 25″
Margin
+ 14′ 18″
Stage wins
2
1954
1954
Year
1954
Country
France
Cyclist
Louison Bobet
Sponsor/Team
France
Distance
4,656 km (2,893 mi)
Time/Points
140h 06′ 05″
Margin
+ 15′ 49″
Stage wins
3
1955
1955
Year
1955
Country
France
Cyclist
Louison Bobet
Sponsor/Team
France
Distance
4,495 km (2,793 mi)
Time/Points
130h 29′ 26″
Margin
+ 4′ 53″
Stage wins
2
1956
1956
Year
1956
Country
France
Cyclist
Roger Walkowiak
Sponsor/Team
France
Distance
4,498 km (2,795 mi)
Time/Points
124h 01′ 16″
Margin
+ 1′ 25″
Stage wins
0
1957
1957
Year
1957
Country
France
Cyclist
Jacques Anquetil
Sponsor/Team
France
Distance
4,669 km (2,901 mi)
Time/Points
135h 44′ 42″
Margin
+ 14′ 56″
Stage wins
4
1958
1958
Year
1958
Country
Luxembourg
Cyclist
Charly Gaul
Sponsor/Team
Luxembourg
Distance
4,319 km (2,684 mi)
Time/Points
116h 59′ 05″
Margin
+ 3′ 10″
Stage wins
4
1959
1959
Year
1959
Country
Spain
Cyclist
Federico Bahamontes*
Sponsor/Team
Spain
Distance
4,358 km (2,708 mi)
Time/Points
123h 46′ 45″
Margin
+ 4′ 01″
Stage wins
1
1960
1960
Year
1960
Country
Italy
Cyclist
Gastone Nencini
Sponsor/Team
Italy
Distance
4,173 km (2,593 mi)
Time/Points
112h 08′ 42″
Margin
+ 5′ 02″
Stage wins
0
1961
1961
Year
1961
Country
France
Cyclist
Jacques Anquetil
Sponsor/Team
France
Distance
4,397 km (2,732 mi)
Time/Points
122h 01′ 33″
Margin
+ 12′ 14″
Stage wins
2
1962
1962
Year
1962
Country
France
Cyclist
Jacques Anquetil
Sponsor/Team
Saint-Raphaël–Helyett–Hutchinson
Distance
4,274 km (2,656 mi)
Time/Points
114h 31′ 54″
Margin
+ 4′ 59″
Stage wins
2
1963
1963
Year
1963
Country
France
Cyclist
Jacques Anquetil
Sponsor/Team
Saint-Raphaël–Gitane–R. Geminiani
Distance
4,138 km (2,571 mi)
Time/Points
113h 30′ 05″
Margin
+ 3′ 35″
Stage wins
4
1964
1964
Year
1964
Country
France
Cyclist
Jacques Anquetil
Sponsor/Team
Saint-Raphaël–Gitane–Dunlop
Distance
4,504 km (2,799 mi)
Time/Points
127h 09′ 44″
Margin
+ 55″
Stage wins
4
1965
1965
Year
1965
Country
Italy
Cyclist
Felice Gimondi
Sponsor/Team
Salvarani
Distance
4,188 km (2,602 mi)
Time/Points
116h 42′ 06″
Margin
+ 2′ 40″
Stage wins
3
1966
1966
Year
1966
Country
France
Cyclist
Lucien Aimar
Sponsor/Team
Ford France–Hutchinson
Distance
4,329 km (2,690 mi)
Time/Points
117h 34′ 21″
Margin
+ 1′ 07″
Stage wins
0
1967
1967
Year
1967
Country
France
Cyclist
Roger Pingeon
Sponsor/Team
Peugeot–BP–Michelin
Distance
4,779 km (2,970 mi)
Time/Points
136h 53′ 50″
Margin
+ 3′ 40″
Stage wins
1
1968
1968
Year
1968
Country
Netherlands
Cyclist
Jan Janssen
Sponsor/Team
Pelforth–Sauvage–Lejeune
Distance
4,492 km (2,791 mi)
Time/Points
133h 49′ 42″
Margin
+ 38″
Stage wins
2
1969
1969
Year
1969
Country
Belgium
Cyclist
Eddy Merckx‡
Sponsor/Team
Faema
Distance
4,117 km (2,558 mi)
Time/Points
116h 16′ 02″
Margin
+ 17′ 54″
Stage wins
6
1970
1970
Year
1970
Country
Belgium
Cyclist
Eddy Merckx*
Sponsor/Team
Faemino–Faema
Distance
4,254 km (2,643 mi)
Time/Points
119h 31′ 49″
Margin
+ 12′ 41″
Stage wins
8
1971
1971
Year
1971
Country
Belgium
Cyclist
Eddy Merckx†
Sponsor/Team
Molteni
Distance
3,608 km (2,242 mi)
Time/Points
96h 45′ 14″
Margin
+ 9′ 51″
Stage wins
4
1972
1972
Year
1972
Country
Belgium
Cyclist
Eddy Merckx†
Sponsor/Team
Molteni
Distance
3,846 km (2,390 mi)
Time/Points
108h 17′ 18″
Margin
+ 10′ 41″
Stage wins
6
1973
1973
Year
1973
Country
Spain
Cyclist
Luis Ocaña
Sponsor/Team
Bic
Distance
4,090 km (2,540 mi)
Time/Points
122h 25′ 34″
Margin
+ 15′ 51″
Stage wins
6
1974
1974
Year
1974
Country
Belgium
Cyclist
Eddy Merckx
Sponsor/Team
Molteni
Distance
4,098 km (2,546 mi)
Time/Points
116h 16′ 58″
Margin
+ 8′ 04″
Stage wins
8
1975
1975
Year
1975
Country
France
Cyclist
Bernard Thévenet
Sponsor/Team
Peugeot–BP–Michelin
Distance
4,000 km (2,500 mi)
Time/Points
114h 35′ 31″
Margin
+ 2′ 47″
Stage wins
2
1976
1976
Year
1976
Country
Belgium
Cyclist
Lucien Van Impe
Sponsor/Team
Gitane–Campagnolo
Distance
4,017 km (2,496 mi)
Time/Points
116h 22′ 23″
Margin
+ 4′ 14″
Stage wins
1
1977
1977
Year
1977
Country
France
Cyclist
Bernard Thévenet
Sponsor/Team
Peugeot–Esso–Michelin
Distance
4,096 km (2,545 mi)
Time/Points
115h 38′ 30″
Margin
+ 48″
Stage wins
1
1978
1978
Year
1978
Country
France
Cyclist
Bernard Hinault
Sponsor/Team
Renault–Gitane–Campagnolo
Distance
3,908 km (2,428 mi)
Time/Points
108h 18′ 00″
Margin
+ 3′ 56″
Stage wins
3
1979
1979
Year
1979
Country
France
Cyclist
Bernard Hinault†
Sponsor/Team
Renault–Gitane
Distance
3,765 km (2,339 mi)
Time/Points
103h 06′ 50″
Margin
+ 13′ 07″
Stage wins
7
1980
1980
Year
1980
Country
Netherlands
Cyclist
Joop Zoetemelk
Sponsor/Team
TI–Raleigh–Creda
Distance
3,842 km (2,387 mi)
Time/Points
109h 19′ 14″
Margin
+ 6′ 55″
Stage wins
2
1981
1981
Year
1981
Country
France
Cyclist
Bernard Hinault
Sponsor/Team
Renault–Elf–Gitane
Distance
3,753 km (2,332 mi)
Time/Points
96h 19′ 38″
Margin
+ 14′ 34″
Stage wins
5
1982
1982
Year
1982
Country
France
Cyclist
Bernard Hinault
Sponsor/Team
Renault–Elf–Gitane
Distance
3,507 km (2,179 mi)
Time/Points
92h 08′ 46″
Margin
+ 6′ 21″
Stage wins
4
1983
1983
Year
1983
Country
France
Cyclist
Laurent Fignon#
Sponsor/Team
Renault–Elf
Distance
3,809 km (2,367 mi)
Time/Points
105h 07′ 52″
Margin
+ 4′ 04″
Stage wins
1
1984
1984
Year
1984
Country
France
Cyclist
Laurent Fignon
Sponsor/Team
Renault–Elf
Distance
4,021 km (2,499 mi)
Time/Points
112h 03′ 40″
Margin
+ 10′ 32″
Stage wins
5
1985
1985
Year
1985
Country
France
Cyclist
Bernard Hinault
Sponsor/Team
La Vie Claire
Distance
4,109 km (2,553 mi)
Time/Points
113h 24′ 23″
Margin
+ 1′ 42″
Stage wins
2
1986
1986
Year
1986
Country
United States
Cyclist
Greg LeMond
Sponsor/Team
La Vie Claire
Distance
4,094 km (2,544 mi)
Time/Points
110h 35′ 19″
Margin
+ 3′ 10″
Stage wins
1
1987
1987
Year
1987
Country
Ireland
Cyclist
Stephen Roche
Sponsor/Team
Carrera Jeans–Vagabond
Distance
4,231 km (2,629 mi)
Time/Points
115h 27′ 42″
Margin
+ 40″
Stage wins
1
1988
1988
Year
1988
Country
Spain
Cyclist
Pedro Delgado
Sponsor/Team
Reynolds
Distance
3,286 km (2,042 mi)
Time/Points
84h 27′ 53″
Margin
+ 7′ 13″
Stage wins
1
1989
1989
Year
1989
Country
United States
Cyclist
Greg LeMond
Sponsor/Team
AD Renting–W-Cup–Bottecchia
Distance
3,285 km (2,041 mi)
Time/Points
87h 38′ 35″
Margin
+ 8″
Stage wins
3
1990
1990
Year
1990
Country
United States
Cyclist
Greg LeMond
Sponsor/Team
Z–Tomasso
Distance
3,504 km (2,177 mi)
Time/Points
90h 43′ 20″
Margin
+ 2′ 16″
Stage wins
0
1991
1991
Year
1991
Country
Spain
Cyclist
Miguel Induráin
Sponsor/Team
Banesto
Distance
3,914 km (2,432 mi)
Time/Points
101h 01′ 20″
Margin
+ 3′ 36″
Stage wins
2
1992
1992
Year
1992
Country
Spain
Cyclist
Miguel Induráin
Sponsor/Team
Banesto
Distance
3,983 km (2,475 mi)
Time/Points
100h 49′ 30″
Margin
+ 4′ 35″
Stage wins
3
1993
1993
Year
1993
Country
Spain
Cyclist
Miguel Induráin
Sponsor/Team
Banesto
Distance
3,714 km (2,308 mi)
Time/Points
95h 57′ 09″
Margin
+ 4′ 59″
Stage wins
2
1994
1994
Year
1994
Country
Spain
Cyclist
Miguel Induráin
Sponsor/Team
Banesto
Distance
3,978 km (2,472 mi)
Time/Points
103h 38′ 38″
Margin
+ 5′ 39″
Stage wins
1
1995
1995
Year
1995
Country
Spain
Cyclist
Miguel Induráin
Sponsor/Team
Banesto
Distance
3,635 km (2,259 mi)
Time/Points
92h 44′ 59″
Margin
+ 4′ 35″
Stage wins
2
1996
1996
Year
1996
Country
Denmark
Cyclist
Bjarne Riis
Sponsor/Team
Team Telekom
Distance
3,765 km (2,339 mi)
Time/Points
95h 57′ 16″
Margin
+ 1′ 41″
Stage wins
2
1997
1997
Year
1997
Country
Germany
Cyclist
Jan Ullrich#
Sponsor/Team
Team Telekom
Distance
3,950 km (2,450 mi)
Time/Points
100h 30′ 35″
Margin
+ 9′ 09″
Stage wins
2
1998
1998
Year
1998
Country
Italy
Cyclist
Marco Pantani
Sponsor/Team
Mercatone Uno–Bianchi
Distance
3,875 km (2,408 mi)
Time/Points
92h 49′ 46″
Margin
+ 3′ 21″
Stage wins
2
1999
1999
Year
1999
Country
Cyclist
No winner
Sponsor/Team
Distance
3,687 km (2,291 mi)
Time/Points
Margin
Stage wins
2000
2000
Year
2000
Country
Cyclist
No winner
Sponsor/Team
Distance
3,662 km (2,275 mi)
Time/Points
Margin
Stage wins
2001
2001
Year
2001
Country
Cyclist
No winner
Sponsor/Team
Distance
3,458 km (2,149 mi)
Time/Points
Margin
Stage wins
2002
2002
Year
2002
Country
Cyclist
No winner
Sponsor/Team
Distance
3,278 km (2,037 mi)
Time/Points
Margin
Stage wins
2003
2003
Year
2003
Country
Cyclist
No winner
Sponsor/Team
Distance
3,427 km (2,129 mi)
Time/Points
Margin
Stage wins
2004
2004
Year
2004
Country
Cyclist
No winner
Sponsor/Team
Distance
3,391 km (2,107 mi)
Time/Points
Margin
Stage wins
2005
2005
Year
2005
Country
Cyclist
No winner
Sponsor/Team
Distance
3,359 km (2,087 mi)
Time/Points
Margin
Stage wins
2006
2006
Year
2006
Country
Spain
Cyclist
Óscar Pereiro
Sponsor/Team
Caisse d'Epargne–Illes Balears
Distance
3,657 km (2,272 mi)
Time/Points
89h 40′ 27″
Margin
+ 32″
Stage wins
0
2007
2007
Year
2007
Country
Spain
Cyclist
Alberto Contador#
Sponsor/Team
Discovery Channel
Distance
3,570 km (2,220 mi)
Time/Points
91h 00′ 26″
Margin
+ 23″
Stage wins
1
2008
2008
Year
2008
Country
Spain
Cyclist
Carlos Sastre*
Sponsor/Team
Team CSC
Distance
3,559 km (2,211 mi)
Time/Points
87h 52′ 52″
Margin
+ 58″
Stage wins
1
2009
2009
Year
2009
Country
Spain
Cyclist
Alberto Contador
Sponsor/Team
Astana
Distance
3,459 km (2,149 mi)
Time/Points
85h 48′ 35″
Margin
+ 4′ 11″
Stage wins
2
2010
2010
Year
2010
Country
Luxembourg
Cyclist
Andy Schleck#
Sponsor/Team
Team Saxo Bank
Distance
3,642 km (2,263 mi)
Time/Points
91h 59′ 27″
Margin
+ 1′ 22″
Stage wins
2
2011
2011
Year
2011
Country
Australia
Cyclist
Cadel Evans
Sponsor/Team
BMC Racing Team
Distance
3,430 km (2,130 mi)
Time/Points
86h 12′ 22″
Margin
+ 1′ 34″
Stage wins
1
2012
2012
Year
2012
Country
Great Britain
Cyclist
Bradley Wiggins
Sponsor/Team
Team Sky
Distance
3,496 km (2,172 mi)
Time/Points
87h 34′ 47″
Margin
+ 3′ 21″
Stage wins
2
2013
2013
Year
2013
Country
Great Britain
Cyclist
Chris Froome
Sponsor/Team
Team Sky
Distance
3,404 km (2,115 mi)
Time/Points
83h 56′ 20″
Margin
+ 4′ 20″
Stage wins
3
2014
2014
Year
2014
Country
Italy
Cyclist
Vincenzo Nibali
Sponsor/Team
Astana
Distance
3,660.5 km (2,274.5 mi)
Time/Points
89h 59′ 06″
Margin
+ 7′ 37″
Stage wins
4
2015
2015
Year
2015
Country
Great Britain
Cyclist
Chris Froome*
Sponsor/Team
Team Sky
Distance
3,360.3 km (2,088.0 mi)
Time/Points
84h 46′ 14″
Margin
+ 1′ 12″
Stage wins
1
2016
2016
Year
2016
Country
Great Britain
Cyclist
Chris Froome
Sponsor/Team
Team Sky
Distance
3,529 km (2,193 mi)
Time/Points
89h 04′ 48″
Margin
+ 4′ 05″
Stage wins
2
2017
2017
Year
2017
Country
Great Britain
Cyclist
Chris Froome
Sponsor/Team
Team Sky
Distance
3,540 km (2,200 mi)
Time/Points
86h 20′ 55″
Margin
+ 54″
Stage wins
0
2018
2018
Year
2018
Country
Great Britain
Cyclist
Geraint Thomas
Sponsor/Team
Team Sky
Distance
3,349 km (2,081 mi)
Time/Points
83h 17′ 13″
Margin
+ 1′ 51″
Stage wins
2
2019
2019
Year
2019
Country
Colombia
Cyclist
Egan Bernal#
Sponsor/Team
Team Ineos
Distance
3,366 km (2,092 mi)
Time/Points
82h 57′ 00″
Margin
+ 1′ 11″
Stage wins
0
2020
2020
Year
2020
Country
Slovenia
Cyclist
Tadej Pogačar§
Sponsor/Team
UAE Team Emirates
Distance
3,484 km (2,165 mi)
Time/Points
87h 20′ 13″
Margin
+ 59″
Stage wins
3
2021
2021
Year
2021
Country
Slovenia
Cyclist
Tadej Pogačar§
Sponsor/Team
UAE Team Emirates
Distance
3,414.4 km (2,121.6 mi)
Time/Points
82h 56′ 36″
Margin
+ 5′ 20″
Stage wins
3
2022
2022
Year
2022
Country
Denmark
Cyclist
Jonas Vingegaard*
Sponsor/Team
Team Jumbo–Visma
Distance
3,328 km (2,068 mi)
Time/Points
79h 32′ 29″
Margin
+ 2′ 43″
Stage wins
2
2023
2023
Year
2023
Country
Denmark
Cyclist
Jonas Vingegaard
Sponsor/Team
Team Jumbo–Visma
Distance
3,406 km (2,116 mi)
Time/Points
82h 05′ 42″
Margin
+ 7′ 29″
Stage wins
1
2024
2024
Year
2024
Country
Slovenia
Cyclist
Tadej Pogačar
Sponsor/Team
UAE Team Emirates
Distance
3,498 km (2,174 mi)
Time/Points
83h 38′ 56″
Margin
+ 6′ 17″
Stage wins
6
2025
2025
Year
2025
Country
Slovenia
Cyclist
Tadej Pogačar*
Sponsor/Team
UAE Team Emirates XRG
Distance
3,320 km (2,060 mi)
Time/Points
76h 00′ 32″
Margin
+ 4′ 24″
Stage wins
4
Year
Country
Cyclist
Sponsor/Team
Distance
Time/Points
Margin
Stage wins
1903
France
Maurice Garin
La Française
2,428 km (1,509 mi)
94h 33′ 14″
+ 2h 59′ 21″
3
1904
France
Henri Cornet
Conte
2,428 km (1,509 mi)
96h 05′ 55″
+ 2h 16′ 14″
1
1905
France
Louis Trousselier
Peugeot–Wolber
2,994 km (1,860 mi)
35
26
5
1906
France
René Pottier
Peugeot–Wolber
4,637 km (2,881 mi)
31
8
5
1907
France
Lucien Petit-Breton
Peugeot–Wolber
4,488 km (2,789 mi)
47
19
2
1908
France
Lucien Petit-Breton
Peugeot–Wolber
4,497 km (2,794 mi)
36
32
5
1909
Luxembourg
François Faber
Alcyon–Dunlop
4,498 km (2,795 mi)
37
20
6
1910
France
Octave Lapize
Alcyon–Dunlop
4,734 km (2,942 mi)
63
4
4
1911
France
Gustave Garrigou
Alcyon–Dunlop
5,343 km (3,320 mi)
43
18
2
1912
Belgium
Odile Defraye
Alcyon–Dunlop
5,289 km (3,286 mi)
49
59
3
1913
Belgium
Philippe Thys
Peugeot–Wolber
5,287 km (3,285 mi)
197h 54′ 00″
+ 8′ 37″
1
1914
Belgium
Philippe Thys
Peugeot–Wolber
5,380 km (3,340 mi)
200h 28′ 48″
+ 1′ 50″
1
1915
~Not contested due to World War I
1916
1917
1918
1919
Belgium
Firmin Lambot
La Sportive
5,560 km (3,450 mi)
231h 07′ 15″
+ 1h 42′ 54″
1
1920
Belgium
Philippe Thys
La Sportive
5,503 km (3,419 mi)
228h 36′ 13″
+ 57′ 21″
4
1921
Belgium
Léon Scieur
La Sportive
5,485 km (3,408 mi)
221h 50′ 26″
+ 18′ 36″
2
1922
Belgium
Firmin Lambot
Peugeot–Wolber
5,375 km (3,340 mi)
222h 08′ 06″
+ 41′ 15″
0
1923
France
Henri Pélissier
Automoto–Hutchinson
5,386 km (3,347 mi)
222h 15′ 30″
+ 30 '41″
3
1924
Italy
Ottavio Bottecchia
Automoto
5,425 km (3,371 mi)
226h 18′ 21″
+ 35′ 36″
4
1925
Italy
Ottavio Bottecchia
Automoto–Hutchinson
5,440 km (3,380 mi)
219h 10′ 18″
+ 54′ 20″
4
1926
Belgium
Lucien Buysse
Automoto–Hutchinson
5,745 km (3,570 mi)
238h 44′ 25″
+ 1h 22′ 25″
2
1927
Luxembourg
Nicolas Frantz
Alcyon–Dunlop
5,398 km (3,354 mi)
198h 16′ 42″
+ 1h 48′ 41″
3
1928
Luxembourg
Nicolas Frantz
Alcyon–Dunlop
5,476 km (3,403 mi)
192h 48′ 58″
+ 50′ 07″
5
1929
Belgium
Maurice De Waele
Alcyon–Dunlop
5,286 km (3,285 mi)
186h 39′ 15″
+44′ 23″
1
1930
France
André Leducq
France
4,822 km (2,996 mi)
172h 12′ 16″
+ 14′ 13″
2
1931
France
Antonin Magne
France
5,091 km (3,163 mi)
177h 10′ 03″
+ 12′ 56″
1
1932
France
André Leducq
France
4,479 km (2,783 mi)
154h 11′ 49″
+ 24′ 03″
6
1933
France
Georges Speicher
France
4,395 km (2,731 mi)
147h 51′ 37″
+ 4′ 01″
3
1934
France
Antonin Magne
France
4,470 km (2,780 mi)
147h 13′ 58″
+ 27′ 31″
3
1935
Belgium
Romain Maes
Belgium
4,338 km (2,696 mi)
141h 23′ 00″
+ 17′ 52″
3
1936
Belgium
Sylvère Maes
Belgium
4,442 km (2,760 mi)
142h 47′ 32″
+ 26′ 55″
4
1937
France
Roger Lapébie
France
4,415 km (2,743 mi)
138h 58′ 31″
+ 7′ 17″
3
1938
Italy
Gino Bartali*
Italy
4,694 km (2,917 mi)
148h 29′ 12″
+ 18′ 27″
2
1939
Belgium
Sylvère Maes*
Belgium
4,224 km (2,625 mi)
132h 03′ 17″
+ 30′ 38″
2
1940
~Not contested due to World War II
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
France
Jean Robic
France
4,642 km (2,884 mi)
148h 11′ 25″
+ 3′ 58″
3
1948
Italy
Gino Bartali*
Italy
4,922 km (3,058 mi)
147h 10′ 36″
+ 26′ 16″
7
1949
Italy
Fausto Coppi*
Italy
4,808 km (2,988 mi)
149h 40′ 49″
+ 10′ 55″
3
1950
Switzerland
Ferdinand Kübler
Switzerland
4,773 km (2,966 mi)
145h 36′ 56″
+ 9′ 30″
3
1951
Switzerland
Hugo Koblet
Switzerland
4,690 km (2,910 mi)
142h 20′ 14″
+ 22′ 00″
5
Multiple winners of the Tour de France general classification · Winners › Multiple winners
Jacques Anquetil (FRA)
Jacques Anquetil (FRA)
Cyclist
Jacques Anquetil (FRA)
Total
5
Years
1957, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964
Eddy Merckx (BEL)
Eddy Merckx (BEL)
Cyclist
Eddy Merckx (BEL)
Total
1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1974
Bernard Hinault (FRA)
Bernard Hinault (FRA)
Cyclist
Bernard Hinault (FRA)
Total
1978, 1979, 1981, 1982, 1985
Miguel Induráin (ESP)
Miguel Induráin (ESP)
Cyclist
Miguel Induráin (ESP)
Total
1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995
Chris Froome (GBR)
Chris Froome (GBR)
Cyclist
Chris Froome (GBR)
Total
4
Years
2013, 2015, 2016, 2017
Tadej Pogačar (SVN)
Tadej Pogačar (SVN)
Cyclist
Tadej Pogačar (SVN)
Total
2020, 2021, 2024, 2025
Philippe Thys (BEL)
Philippe Thys (BEL)
Cyclist
Philippe Thys (BEL)
Total
3
Years
1913, 1914, 1920
Louison Bobet (FRA)
Louison Bobet (FRA)
Cyclist
Louison Bobet (FRA)
Total
1953, 1954, 1955
Greg LeMond (USA)
Greg LeMond (USA)
Cyclist
Greg LeMond (USA)
Total
1986, 1989, 1990
Lucien Petit-Breton (FRA)
Lucien Petit-Breton (FRA)
Cyclist
Lucien Petit-Breton (FRA)
Total
2
Years
1907, 1908
Firmin Lambot (BEL)
Firmin Lambot (BEL)
Cyclist
Firmin Lambot (BEL)
Total
1919, 1922
Ottavio Bottecchia (ITA)
Ottavio Bottecchia (ITA)
Cyclist
Ottavio Bottecchia (ITA)
Total
1924, 1925
Nicolas Frantz (LUX)
Nicolas Frantz (LUX)
Cyclist
Nicolas Frantz (LUX)
Total
1927, 1928
André Leducq (FRA)
André Leducq (FRA)
Cyclist
André Leducq (FRA)
Total
1930, 1932
Antonin Magne (FRA)
Antonin Magne (FRA)
Cyclist
Antonin Magne (FRA)
Total
1931, 1934
Sylvère Maes (BEL)
Sylvère Maes (BEL)
Cyclist
Sylvère Maes (BEL)
Total
1936, 1939
Gino Bartali (ITA)
Gino Bartali (ITA)
Cyclist
Gino Bartali (ITA)
Total
1938, 1948
Fausto Coppi (ITA)
Fausto Coppi (ITA)
Cyclist
Fausto Coppi (ITA)
Total
1949, 1952
Bernard Thévenet (FRA)
Bernard Thévenet (FRA)
Cyclist
Bernard Thévenet (FRA)
Total
1975, 1977
Laurent Fignon (FRA)
Laurent Fignon (FRA)
Cyclist
Laurent Fignon (FRA)
Total
1983, 1984
Alberto Contador (ESP)
Alberto Contador (ESP)
Cyclist
Alberto Contador (ESP)
Total
2007, 2009
Jonas Vingegaard (DEN)
Jonas Vingegaard (DEN)
Cyclist
Jonas Vingegaard (DEN)
Total
2022, 2023
Cyclist
Total
Years
Jacques Anquetil (FRA)
5
1957, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964
Eddy Merckx (BEL)
1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1974
Bernard Hinault (FRA)
1978, 1979, 1981, 1982, 1985
Miguel Induráin (ESP)
1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995
Chris Froome (GBR)
4
2013, 2015, 2016, 2017
Tadej Pogačar (SVN)
2020, 2021, 2024, 2025
Philippe Thys (BEL)
3
1913, 1914, 1920
Louison Bobet (FRA)
1953, 1954, 1955
Greg LeMond (USA)
1986, 1989, 1990
Lucien Petit-Breton (FRA)
2
1907, 1908
Firmin Lambot (BEL)
1919, 1922
Ottavio Bottecchia (ITA)
1924, 1925
Nicolas Frantz (LUX)
1927, 1928
André Leducq (FRA)
1930, 1932
Antonin Magne (FRA)
1931, 1934
Sylvère Maes (BEL)
1936, 1939
Gino Bartali (ITA)
1938, 1948
Fausto Coppi (ITA)
1949, 1952
Bernard Thévenet (FRA)
1975, 1977
Laurent Fignon (FRA)
1983, 1984
Alberto Contador (ESP)
2007, 2009
Jonas Vingegaard (DEN)
2022, 2023
Tour de France general classification winners by nationality · Winners › By nationality
France
France
Country
France
Wins
36
Winning cyclists
21
Belgium
Belgium
Country
Belgium
Wins
18
Winning cyclists
10
Spain
Spain
Country
Spain
Wins
12
Winning cyclists
7
Italy
Italy
Country
Italy
Wins
10
Winning cyclists
7
Great Britain
Great Britain
Country
Great Britain
Wins
6
Winning cyclists
3
Luxembourg
Luxembourg
Country
Luxembourg
Wins
5
Winning cyclists
4
Slovenia
Slovenia
Country
Slovenia
Wins
4
Winning cyclists
1
Denmark
Denmark
Country
Denmark
Wins
3
Winning cyclists
2
United States
United States
Country
United States
Wins
3
Winning cyclists
1
Switzerland
Switzerland
Country
Switzerland
Wins
2
Winning cyclists
2
Netherlands
Netherlands
Country
Netherlands
Wins
2
Winning cyclists
2
Ireland
Ireland
Country
Ireland
Wins
1
Winning cyclists
1
Germany
Germany
Country
Germany
Wins
1
Winning cyclists
1
Australia
Australia
Country
Australia
Wins
1
Winning cyclists
1
Colombia
Colombia
Country
Colombia
Wins
1
Winning cyclists
1
Country
Wins
Winning cyclists
France
36
21
Belgium
18
10
Spain
12
7
Italy
10
7
Great Britain
6
3
Luxembourg
5
4
Slovenia
4
1
Denmark
3
2
United States
3
1
Switzerland
2
2
Netherlands
2
2
Ireland
1
1
Germany
1
1
Australia
1
1
Colombia
1
1

References

  1. Henri Cornet was declared the winner of the 1904 Tour de France after the disqualification of Maurice Garin for cheating
  2. Bjarne Riis admitted to doping during the 1996 Tour de France. The organizers of the Tour de France stated that they no
  3. Lance Armstrong was declared winner of seven consecutive Tours from 1999 to 2005. However, in October 2012, he was strip
  4. Floyd Landis was the winner at the podium ceremony in Paris on the last day of the 2006 Tour, but subsequently was found
  5. Alberto Contador was the winner at the podium ceremony in Paris on the last day of the 2010 Tour, but subsequently was f
  6. FAQ
    https://web.archive.org/web/20090723024909/http://www.uci.ch/templates/UCI/UCI1/layout.asp?MenuId=MTk0Nw&LangId=1
  7. Tour de France: 1903–2003
    https://books.google.com/books?id=54pAJY6Ix8YC
  8. "Tour de France Gallery: History on the Champs-Élysées"
    https://www.cyclingnews.com/features/tour-de-france-gallery-history-on-the-champs-elysees/
  9. Cycling Weekly
    https://www.cyclingweekly.com/news/racing/tour-de-france/tour-de-france-the-jerseys-59552
  10. "Will He? Won't He? Can Armstrong Win Tour de France?"
    https://abcnews.go.com/Travel/story?id=8011893&page=1
  11. "Guide Historique 2017"
    http://netstorage.lequipe.fr/ASO/cyclisme/le-tour/2017/histoire/TDF17_GH_Interactif-PROD.pdf
  12. "Van Aert wins final stage as Pogacar seals Tour title"
    https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cycling/articles/ckgyjg5lj78o
  13. "Armstrong seals seventh Tour win"
    https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/other_sports/cycling/4712583.stm
  14. "Armstrong stripped of all seven Tour de France wins by UCI"
    https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cycling/20008520
  15. "1903–1914: Pioneers and 'assassins'"
    https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/in_depth/2001/tour_de_france/1364736.stm
  16. "1930–1939: Adapt to survive"
    https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/in_depth/2001/tour_de_france/1364739.stm
  17. "1947–1956: Post-war rivalries"
    https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/in_depth/2001/tour_de_france/1364738.stm
  18. "1957–1966: Anquetil 5–0 Poulidor"
    https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/in_depth/2001/tour_de_france/1364732.stm
  19. "1967–1977: Tragedy before a Cannibal's feast"
    https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/in_depth/2001/tour_de_france/1364740.stm
  20. "1978–1984: The Badger's golden era"
    https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/in_depth/2001/tour_de_france/1364742.stm
  21. The complete idiot's guide to cycling
    https://books.google.com/books?id=w4cYE5flGIMC
  22. "1985–1990: American, Irishman and Spaniard"
    https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/in_depth/2001/tour_de_france/1364744.stm
  23. "1991–1995: Big Mig's masterclass"
    https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/in_depth/2001/tour_de_france/1364745.stm
  24. "Riis, Tour de France Champ, Says He Took Banned Drugs"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20070930082459/http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601085&sid=aG.4N3TyZIVM&refer=europe
  25. "1996–2000: Doping and the great recovery"
    https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/in_depth/2001/tour_de_france/1364747.stm
  26. "Overall standings 2002"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20080724230325/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport/hi/english/static/in_depth/other_sports/2002/tour_de_france/statistics/overall.stm
  27. "Armstrong seals seventh Tour win"
    https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/other_sports/cycling/4712583.stm
  28. The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/05/sports/05cnd-landis.ready.html?_r=1
  29. "Sastre wins Tour de France crown"
    https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/other_sports/cycling/7527797.stm
  30. "Tour de France: Cavendish wins historic green jersey"
    https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cycling/14266126
  31. "Bradley Wiggins wins Tour de France for Team Sky"
    https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cycling/18946960
  32. "Tour de France:Chris Froome wins 100th edition of race"
    https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cycling/23399875
  33. "Tour de France: Vincenzo Nibali completes race victory"
    https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/28515493
  34. "Tour de France 2016: Chris Froome completes third race victory"
    https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cycling/36879128
  35. "Tour de France 2017: Chris Froome wins yellow jersey for the fourth time"
    https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cycling/40695072
  36. "Geraint Thomas wins as Chris Froome finishes third"
    https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cycling/44998961
  37. The Guardian
    https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2019/jul/29/egan-bernal-tour-de-france-winner-colombia
  38. "Tour de France to go ahead at end of August after coronavirus delay"
    https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cycling/52275648
  39. "The Tour de France Goes Virtual"
    https://www.outsideonline.com/2415248/tour-de-france-virtual-online-coronavirus
  40. "Tour de France 2023: Jonas Vingegaard retains title as Jordi Meeus claims surprise win in Paris"
    https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cycling/66285026
  41. "Pogacar seals third Tour de France with stage 21 win"
    https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cycling/articles/cy08gkr4m9no
  42. Guide historique
    http://netstorage.lequipe.fr/ASO/cyclisme/le-tour/2016/histoire/TDF16_GH_Interactif-PROD.pdf
  43. "Tour de France"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20130129204639/http://www.memoire-du-cyclisme.net/eta_tdf/tour_de_france.php
  44. The Guardian
    https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2007/jul/29/cycling.tourdefrance3
  45. "Tour takes Riis off winners list"
    https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/other_sports/cycling/6730351.stm
  46. "The UCI recognises USADA decision in Armstrong case"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20121024213436/http://www.uci.ch/Modules/ENews/ENewsDetails2011.asp?id=ODgzNA&MenuId=MTYzMDQ&LangId=1&BackLink=%2FTemplates%2FUCI%2FUCI8%2Flayout.asp%3FMenuID%3DMTYzMDQ%26LangId%3D1
  47. "Oscar Pereiro winner of the 2006 Tour de France"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20090223123546/http://www.uci.ch/Modules/ENews/ENewsDetails.asp?id=NTI1MA&MenuId=MTYxNw&BackLink=%2FTemplates%2FUCI%2FUCI5%2Flayout.asp%3FMenuID%3DMTYxNw
  48. Cyclingnews.com
    http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/cas-sanction-contador-with-two-year-ban-in-clenbuterol-case
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