| Season | Maple Leafsseason | Conference | Division | Regular season | Postseason |
| Finish | GP | W | L | T | OT | Pts | GF | GA | GP | W | L | T | GF | GA | Result |
| Toronto Arenas |
| 1917–18 | 1917–18 | — | — | 2nd§ | 14 | 8 | 6 | — | — | 16 | 71 | 75 | 7 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 28 | 28 | Won in NHL Finals, 10–7 (TG) (Canadiens)Won in Stanley Cup Final, 3–2 (Millionaires)† |
| 1st§ | 8 | 5 | 3 | — | — | 10# | 37 | 34 |
| 1918–19 | 1918–19 | — | — | 3rd | 10 | 3 | 7 | — | — | 6 | 43 | 49 | — | — | — | — | — | — | Did not qualify |
| 3rd | 8 | 2 | 6 | — | — | 4 | 22 | 43 |
| Toronto St. Patricks |
| 1919–20 | 1919–20 | — | — | 3rd | 12 | 5 | 7 | — | — | 10 | 52 | 62 | — | — | — | — | — | — | Did not qualify |
| 2nd | 12 | 7 | 5 | — | — | 14 | 67 | 44 |
| 1920–21 | 1920–21 | — | — | 2nd | 10 | 5 | 5 | — | — | 10 | 39 | 47 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 7 | Lost in NHL Finals, 0–7 (TG) (Senators) |
| 1st | 14 | 10 | 4 | — | — | 20# | 66 | 53 |
| 1921–22 | 1921–22 | — | — | 2nd§ | 24 | 13 | 10 | 1 | — | 27 | 98 | 97 | 7 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 21 | 13 | Won in NHL Finals, 5–4 (TG) (Senators)Won in Stanley Cup Final, 3–2 (Millionaires)† |
| 1922–23 | 1922–23 | — | — | 3rd | 24 | 13 | 10 | 1 | — | 27 | 82 | 88 | — | — | — | — | — | — | Did not qualify |
| 1923–24 | 1923–24 | — | — | 3rd | 24 | 10 | 14 | 0 | — | 20 | 59 | 85 | — | — | — | — | — | — | Did not qualify |
| 1924–25 | 1924–25 | — | — | 2nd | 30 | 19 | 11 | 0 | — | 38 | 90 | 84 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 5 | Lost in NHL semifinals, 2–5 (TG) (Canadiens) |
| 1925–26 | 1925–26 | — | — | 6th | 36 | 12 | 21 | 3 | — | 27 | 92 | 114 | — | — | — | — | — | — | Did not qualify |
| 1926–27 | 1926–27 | — | Canadian | 5th | 44 | 15 | 24 | 5 | — | 35 | 79 | 94 | — | — | — | — | — | — | Did not qualify |
| Toronto Maple Leafs |
| 1927–28 | 1927–28 | — | Canadian | 4th | 44 | 18 | 18 | 8 | — | 44 | 89 | 88 | — | — | — | — | — | — | Did not qualify |
| 1928–29 | 1928–29 | — | Canadian | 3rd | 44 | 21 | 18 | 5 | — | 47 | 85 | 69 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 8 | 5 | Won in quarterfinals, 7–2 (TG) (Cougars)Lost in semifinals, 0–2 (Rangers) |
| 1929–30 | 1929–30 | — | Canadian | 4th | 44 | 17 | 21 | 6 | — | 40 | 116 | 124 | — | — | — | — | — | — | Did not qualify |
| 1930–31 | 1930–31 | — | Canadian | 2nd | 44 | 22 | 13 | 9 | — | 53 | 118 | 99 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 4 | Lost in quarterfinals, 3–4 (TG) (Black Hawks) |
| 1931–32 | 1931–32 | — | Canadian | 2nd | 48 | 23 | 18 | 7 | — | 53 | 155 | 127 | 7 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 28 | 15 | Won in quarterfinals, 6–2 (TG) (Black Hawks)Won in semifinals, 4–3 (TG) (Maroons)Won in Stanley Cup Final, 3–0 (Rangers)† |
| 1932–33 | 1932–33 | — | Canadian↑ | 1st§ | 48 | 24 | 18 | 6 | — | 54 | 119 | 111 | 9 | 4 | 5 | 0 | 14 | 18 | Won in semifinals, 3–2 (Bruins)Lost in Stanley Cup Final, 1–3 (Rangers) |
| 1933–34 | 1933–34 | — | Canadian↑ | 1st§ | 48 | 26 | 13 | 9 | — | 61# | 174 | 119 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 12 | 11 | Lost in semifinals, 2–3 (Red Wings) |
| 1934–35 | 1934–35 | — | Canadian↑ | 1st§ | 48 | 30 | 14 | 4 | — | 64# | 157 | 111 | 7 | 3 | 4 | 0 | 11 | 12 | Won in semifinals, 3–1 (Bruins)Lost in Stanley Cup Final, 0–3 (Maroons) |
| 1935–36 | 1935–36 | — | Canadian | 2nd | 48 | 23 | 19 | 6 | — | 52 | 126 | 106 | 9 | 4 | 5 | 0 | 25 | 27 | Won in quarterfinals, 8–6 (TG) (Bruins)Won in semifinals, 2–1 (Americans)Lost in Stanley Cup Final, 1–3 (Red Wings) |
| 1936–37 | 1936–37 | — | Canadian | 3rd | 48 | 22 | 21 | 5 | — | 49 | 119 | 115 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 5 | Lost in quarterfinals, 0–2 (Rangers) |
| 1937–38 | 1937–38 | — | Canadian↑ | 1st§ | 48 | 24 | 15 | 9 | — | 57 | 151 | 127 | 7 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 14 | 13 | Won in semifinals, 3–0 (Bruins)Lost in Stanley Cup Final, 1–3 (Black Hawks) |
| 1938–39 | 1938–39 | — | — | 3rd§ | 48 | 19 | 20 | 9 | — | 47 | 114 | 107 | 10 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 22 | 20 | Won in quarterfinals, 2–0 (Americans)Won in semifinals, 2–1 (Red Wings)Lost in Stanley Cup Final, 1–4 (Bruins) |
| 1939–40 | 1939–40 | — | — | 3rd§ | 48 | 25 | 17 | 6 | — | 56 | 134 | 110 | 10 | 6 | 4 | 0 | 21 | 19 | Won in quarterfinals, 2–0 (Black Hawks)Won in semifinals, 2–0 (Red Wings)Lost in Stanley Cup Final, 2–4 (Rangers) |
| 1940–41 | 1940–41 | — | — | 2nd | 48 | 28 | 14 | 6 | — | 62 | 145 | 99 | 7 | 3 | 4 | 0 | 17 | 15 | Lost in semifinals, 3–4 (Bruins) |
| 1941–42 | 1941–42 | — | — | 2nd | 48 | 27 | 18 | 3 | — | 57 | 158 | 136 | 13 | 8 | 5 | 0 | 38 | 31 | Won in semifinals, 4–2 (Rangers)Won in Stanley Cup Final, 4–3 (Red Wings)† |
| 1942–43 | 1942–43 | — | — | 3rd | 50 | 22 | 19 | 9 | — | 53 | 198 | 159 | 6 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 17 | 20 | Lost in semifinals, 2–4 (Red Wings) |
| 1943–44 | 1943–44 | — | — | 3rd | 50 | 23 | 23 | 4 | — | 50 | 214 | 174 | 5 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 6 | 23 | Lost in semifinals, 1–4 (Canadiens) |
| 1944–45 | 1944–45 | — | — | 3rd | 50 | 24 | 22 | 4 | — | 52 | 183 | 161 | 13 | 8 | 5 | 0 | 24 | 30 | Won in semifinals, 4–2 (Canadiens)Won in Stanley Cup Final, 4–3 (Red Wings)† |
| 1945–46 | 1945–46 | — | — | 5th | 50 | 19 | 24 | 7 | — | 45 | 174 | 185 | — | — | — | — | — | — | Did not qualify |
| 1946–47 | 1946–47 | — | — | 2nd | 60 | 31 | 19 | 10 | — | 72 | 209 | 172 | 11 | 8 | 3 | 0 | 31 | 27 | Won in semifinals, 4–1 (Red Wings)Won in Stanley Cup Final, 4–2 (Canadiens)† |
| 1947–48 | 1947–48 | — | — | 1st | 60 | 32 | 15 | 13 | — | 77# | 182 | 143 | 9 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 38 | 20 | Won in semifinals, 4–1 (Bruins)Won in Stanley Cup Final, 4–0 (Red Wings)† |
| 1948–49 | 1948–49 | — | — | 4th | 60 | 22 | 25 | 13 | — | 57 | 147 | 161 | 9 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 28 | 15 | Won in semifinals, 4–1 (Bruins)Won in Stanley Cup Final, 4–0 (Red Wings)† |
| 1949–50 | 1949–50 | — | — | 3rd | 70 | 31 | 27 | 12 | — | 74 | 176 | 173 | 7 | 3 | 4 | 0 | 11 | 10 | Lost in semifinals, 3–4 (Red Wings) |
| 1950–51 | 1950–51 | — | — | 2nd | 70 | 41 | 16 | 13 | — | 95 | 212 | 138 | 11 | 8 | 2 | 1 | 30 | 15 | Won in semifinals, 4–1–1 (Bruins)Won in Stanley Cup Final, 4–1 (Canadiens)† |
| 1951–52 | 1951–52 | — | — | 3rd | 70 | 29 | 25 | 16 | — | 74 | 168 | 157 | 4 | 0 | 4 | — | 3 | 13 | Lost in semifinals, 0–4 (Red Wings) |
| 1952–53 | 1952–53 | — | — | 5th | 70 | 27 | 30 | 13 | — | 67 | 156 | 167 | — | — | — | — | — | — | Did not qualify |
| 1953–54 | 1953–54 | — | — | 3rd | 70 | 32 | 24 | 14 | — | 78 | 152 | 131 | 5 | 1 | 4 | — | 8 | 15 | Lost in semifinals, 1–4 (Red Wings) |
| 1954–55 | 1954–55 | — | — | 3rd | 70 | 24 | 24 | 22 | — | 70 | 147 | 135 | 4 | 0 | 4 | — | 6 | 14 | Lost in semifinals, 0–4 (Red Wings) |
| 1955–56 | 1955–56 | — | — | 4th | 70 | 24 | 33 | 13 | — | 61 | 153 | 181 | 5 | 1 | 4 | — | 10 | 14 | Lost in semifinals, 1–4 (Red Wings) |
| 1956–57 | 1956–57 | — | — | 5th | 70 | 21 | 34 | 15 | — | 57 | 174 | 192 | — | — | — | — | — | — | Did not qualify |
| 1957–58 | 1957–58 | — | — | 6th | 70 | 21 | 38 | 11 | — | 53 | 192 | 226 | — | — | — | — | — | — | Did not qualify |
