This is a list of space probes that have left Earth orbit (or were launched with that intention but failed), organized by their planned destination. It includes planetary probes, solar probes, and probes to asteroids and comets. Flybys (such as gravity assists) that were incidental to the main purpose of the mission are also included.
Excluded are lunar missions, which are listed separately at List of lunar probes and List of Apollo missions. Flybys of Earth are listed separately at List of Earth flybys. Planned and proposed missions are in the List of proposed Solar System probes.
Tables
· Solar probes › 1960–1969
Multi-metric bars
World heat map
Pioneer 5
Pioneer 5
Spacecraft
Pioneer 5
Spacecraft
NASA/ DOD
Organization
March–April 1960
Date
orbiter
Type
success
Status
measured magnetic field phenomena, solar flare particles, and ionization in the interplanetary region
Notes
Pioneer 6(A)
Pioneer 6(A)
Spacecraft
Pioneer 6(A)
Spacecraft
NASA
Organization
December 1965 – still contactable in 2000
Date
orbiter
Type
success
Status
network of solar-orbiting "space weather" monitors, observing solar wind, cosmic rays, and magnetic fields
Notes
Pioneer 7(B)
Pioneer 7(B)
Spacecraft
Pioneer 7(B)
Spacecraft
NASA
Organization
August 1966 – still contactable in 1995
Date
orbiter
Type
success
Status
1966-075A
Pioneer 8(C)
Pioneer 8(C)
Spacecraft
Pioneer 8(C)
Spacecraft
NASA
Organization
December 1967 – still contactable in 2001
Date
orbiter
Type
success
Status
1967-123A
Pioneer 9(D)
Pioneer 9(D)
Spacecraft
Pioneer 9(D)
Spacecraft
NASA
Organization
November 1968 – May 1983
Date
orbiter
Type
success
Status
1968-100A
Pioneer-E
Pioneer-E
Spacecraft
Pioneer-E
Spacecraft
NASA
Organization
27 August 1969
Date
orbiter
Type
failure
Status
intended as part of the Pioneer 6–9 network; failed to reach orbit
Notes
Ranked list
Spacecraft
Organization
Date
Type
Status
Notes
Image
Ref
Pioneer 5
NASA/ DOD
March–April 1960
orbiter
success
measured magnetic field phenomena, solar flare particles, and ionization in the interplanetary region
1960-001A
Pioneer 6(A)
NASA
December 1965 – still contactable in 2000
orbiter
success
network of solar-orbiting "space weather" monitors, observing solar wind, cosmic rays, and magnetic fields
1965-105A
Pioneer 7(B)
NASA
August 1966 – still contactable in 1995
orbiter
success
1966-075A
Pioneer 8(C)
NASA
December 1967 – still contactable in 2001
orbiter
success
1967-123A
Pioneer 9(D)
NASA
November 1968 – May 1983
orbiter
success
1968-100A
Pioneer-E
NASA
27 August 1969
orbiter
failure
intended as part of the Pioneer 6–9 network; failed to reach orbit
PIONE
· Solar probes › 1974–1997
Multi-metric bars
World heat map
Helios A
Helios A
Spacecraft
Helios A
Spacecraft
DFVLR/ NASA
Organization
November 1974 – 1982
Date
orbiter
Type
success
Status
observations of solar wind, magnetic and electric fields, cosmic rays and cosmic dust between Earth and Sun
Notes
Helios B
Helios B
Spacecraft
Helios B
Spacecraft
DFVLR/ NASA
Organization
January 1976 – 1985?
Date
orbiter
Type
success
Status
1976-003A
ISEE-3
ISEE-3
Spacecraft
ISEE-3
Spacecraft
NASA
Organization
1978–1982
Date
orbiter
Type
success
Status
observed solar phenomena in conjunction with earth-orbiting ISEE-1 and ISEE-2; later renamed International Cometary Explorer (ICE) and directed to Comet Giacobini-Zinner
Notes
Ulysses(first pass)
Ulysses(first pass)
Spacecraft
Ulysses(first pass)
Spacecraft
ESA/ NASA
Organization
1994
Date
orbiter
Type
success
Status
south polar observations
Notes
1995
1995
Spacecraft
1995
Spacecraft
north polar observations
WIND
WIND
Spacecraft
WIND
Spacecraft
NASA
Organization
November 1994 – still active as of October 2024
Date
orbiter
Type
success
Status
solar wind measurements
Notes
SOHO
SOHO
Spacecraft
SOHO
Spacecraft
ESA/ NASA
Organization
May 1996 – extended to December 2025
Date
orbiter
Type
success
Status
investigation of Sun's core, corona, and solar wind; comet discoveries
Notes
ACE
ACE
Spacecraft
ACE
Spacecraft
NASA
Organization
August 1997 – projected until 2024
Date
orbiter
Type
success
Status
solar wind observations
Notes
Ranked list
Spacecraft
Organization
Date
Type
Status
Notes
Image
Ref
Helios A
DFVLR/ NASA
November 1974 – 1982
orbiter
success
observations of solar wind, magnetic and electric fields, cosmic rays and cosmic dust between Earth and Sun
1974-097A
Helios B
DFVLR/ NASA
January 1976 – 1985?
orbiter
success
1976-003A
ISEE-3
NASA
1978–1982
orbiter
success
observed solar phenomena in conjunction with earth-orbiting ISEE-1 and ISEE-2; later renamed International Cometary Explorer (ICE) and directed to Comet Giacobini-Zinner
1976-003A
Ulysses(first pass)
ESA/ NASA
1994
orbiter
success
south polar observations
1990-090B
1995
north polar observations
WIND
NASA
November 1994 – still active as of October 2024
orbiter
success
solar wind measurements
1994-071A
SOHO
ESA/ NASA
May 1996 – extended to December 2025
orbiter
success
investigation of Sun's core, corona, and solar wind; comet discoveries
1995-065A
ACE
NASA
August 1997 – projected until 2024
orbiter
success
solar wind observations
1997-045A
· Solar probes › Since 2000
Multi-metric bars
World heat map
Ulysses(second pass)
Ulysses(second pass)
Spacecraft
Ulysses(second pass)
Spacecraft
ESA/ NASA
Organization
2000
Date
orbiter
Type
success
Status
south polar observations
Notes
2001
2001
Spacecraft
2001
Spacecraft
north polar observations
Genesis
Genesis
Spacecraft
Genesis
Spacecraft
NASA
Organization
2001–2004
Date
orbiter/sample return
Type
success
Status
solar wind sample return; crash landed on return to Earth, much data salvaged
Notes
STEREO A
STEREO A
Spacecraft
STEREO A
Spacecraft
NASA
Organization
December 2006 – still active as of October 2024
Date
orbiter
Type
success
Status
stereoscopic imaging of coronal mass ejections and other solar phenomena
Notes
STEREO B
STEREO B
Spacecraft
STEREO B
Spacecraft
NASA
Organization
December 2006 – October 2014. August 2016 – October 2018 (communication lost between 1 October 2014 and 21 August 2016) NASA directed that periodic recovery operations of Stereo-B cease with last support on October 17, 2018.
Date
orbiter
Type
success
Status
stereoscopic imaging of coronal mass ejections and other solar phenomena
Notes
Ulysses(third pass)
Ulysses(third pass)
Spacecraft
Ulysses(third pass)
Spacecraft
ESA/ NASA
Organization
2007
Date
orbiter
Type
success
Status
south polar observations
Notes
2008
2008
Spacecraft
2008
Spacecraft
partial success
Organization
north polar observations; some data returned despite failing power and reduced transmission capacity
DSCOVR
DSCOVR
Spacecraft
DSCOVR
Spacecraft
NOAA
Organization
February 2015 – still active as of October 2024
Date
orbiter
Type
success
Status
solar wind and coronal mass ejection monitoring, as well as Earth climate monitoring
Notes
Parker Solar Probe
Parker Solar Probe
Spacecraft
Parker Solar Probe
Spacecraft
NASA
Organization
November 2018 – December 2025
Date
orbiter/flyby(approach 26 times)
Type
en route
Status
close-range solar coronal study
Notes
Solar Orbiter
Solar Orbiter
Spacecraft
Solar Orbiter
Spacecraft
ESA
Organization
10 February 2020 (launch)
Date
orbiter
Type
en route
Status
solar and heliospheric physics
Notes
Aditya-L1
Aditya-L1
Spacecraft
Aditya-L1
Spacecraft
ISRO
Organization
2 September 2023 (launch)
Date
orbiter
Type
success
Status
Solar corona observation
Notes
Ranked list
Spacecraft
Organization
Date
Type
Status
Notes
Image
Ref
Ulysses(second pass)
ESA/ NASA
2000
orbiter
success
south polar observations
1990-090B
2001
north polar observations
Genesis
NASA
2001–2004
orbiter/sample return
success
solar wind sample return; crash landed on return to Earth, much data salvaged
2001-034A
STEREO A
NASA
December 2006 – still active as of October 2024
orbiter
success
stereoscopic imaging of coronal mass ejections and other solar phenomena
2006-047A
STEREO B
NASA
December 2006 – October 2014. August 2016 – October 2018 (communication lost between 1 October 2014 and 21 August 2016) NASA directed that periodic recovery operations of Stereo-B cease with last support on October 17, 2018.
orbiter
success
stereoscopic imaging of coronal mass ejections and other solar phenomena
2006-047B
Ulysses(third pass)
ESA/ NASA
2007
orbiter
success
south polar observations
1990-090B
2008
partial success
north polar observations; some data returned despite failing power and reduced transmission capacity
DSCOVR
NOAA
February 2015 – still active as of October 2024
orbiter
success
solar wind and coronal mass ejection monitoring, as well as Earth climate monitoring
2015-007A
Parker Solar Probe
NASA
November 2018 – December 2025
orbiter/flyby(approach 26 times)
en route
close-range solar coronal study
2018-065A
Solar Orbiter
ESA
10 February 2020 (launch)
orbiter
en route
solar and heliospheric physics
2020-010A
Aditya-L1
ISRO
2 September 2023 (launch)
orbiter
success
Solar corona observation
2023-132A
· Mercury probes
Multi-metric bars
World heat map
Mariner 10
Mariner 10
Spacecraft
Mariner 10
Spacecraft
NASA
Organization
29 March 1974
Date
flyby
Type
success
Status
minimum distance 704 km
Notes
21 September 1974
21 September 1974
Spacecraft
21 September 1974
Spacecraft
48,069 km
16 March 1975
16 March 1975
Spacecraft
16 March 1975
Spacecraft
327 km
MESSENGER
MESSENGER
Spacecraft
MESSENGER
Spacecraft
NASA
Organization
14 January 2008
Date
flyby
Type
success
Status
minimum distance 200 km
Notes
6 October 2008
6 October 2008
Spacecraft
6 October 2008
Spacecraft
minimum distance 200 km
29 September 2009
29 September 2009
Spacecraft
29 September 2009
Spacecraft
minimum distance 228 km
18 March 2011 –30 April 2015
18 March 2011 –30 April 2015
Spacecraft
18 March 2011 –30 April 2015
Spacecraft
orbiter
Organization
success
Date
first spacecraft to orbit Mercury; unavoidable impact on the surface at end of mission
BepiColombo(Mercury Cruise System)
BepiColombo(Mercury Cruise System)
Spacecraft
BepiColombo(Mercury Cruise System)
Spacecraft
ESA/ JAXA
Organization
1 October 2021
Date
flyby
Type
success
Status
minimum distance 199 km
Notes
23 June 2022
23 June 2022
Spacecraft
23 June 2022
Spacecraft
minimum distance 200 km
19 June 2023
19 June 2023
Spacecraft
19 June 2023
Spacecraft
minimum distance 236 km
4 September 2024
4 September 2024
Spacecraft
4 September 2024
Spacecraft
minimum distance 165 km - closest planetary flyby ever performed
1 December 2024
1 December 2024
Spacecraft
1 December 2024
Spacecraft
minimum distance 37,626 km
8 January 2025
8 January 2025
Spacecraft
8 January 2025
Spacecraft
minimum distance 295 km
Mio(MercuryMagnetospheric Orbiter)
Mio(MercuryMagnetospheric Orbiter)
Spacecraft
Mio(MercuryMagnetospheric Orbiter)
Spacecraft
JAXA
Organization
21 November 2026 (orbital insertion)
Date
orbiter
Type
en route (attached to Mercury Cruise System)
Ranked list
Spacecraft
Organization
Date
Type
Status
Notes
Image
Ref
Mariner 10
NASA
29 March 1974
flyby
success
minimum distance 704 km
1973-085A
21 September 1974
48,069 km
16 March 1975
327 km
MESSENGER
NASA
14 January 2008
flyby
success
minimum distance 200 km
2004-030A
6 October 2008
minimum distance 200 km
29 September 2009
minimum distance 228 km
18 March 2011 –30 April 2015
orbiter
success
first spacecraft to orbit Mercury; unavoidable impact on the surface at end of mission
BepiColombo(Mercury Cruise System)
ESA/ JAXA
1 October 2021
flyby
success
minimum distance 199 km
2018-080A
23 June 2022
minimum distance 200 km
19 June 2023
minimum distance 236 km
4 September 2024
minimum distance 165 km - closest planetary flyby ever performed
1 December 2024
minimum distance 37,626 km
8 January 2025
minimum distance 295 km
MercuryPlanetary Orbiter
ESA
21 November 2026 (orbital insertion) TBD 2027 (final MPO orbit)
orbiter
en route (attached to Mercury Cruise System)
Mio(MercuryMagnetospheric Orbiter)
JAXA
21 November 2026 (orbital insertion)
orbiter
en route (attached to Mercury Cruise System)
· Venus probes › 1961–1969
Multi-metric bars
World heat map
Tyazhely Sputnik
Tyazhely Sputnik
Spacecraft
Tyazhely Sputnik
Spacecraft
(USSR)
Organization
4 February 1961
Date
lander
Type
failure
Status
failed to escape from Earth orbit
Venera 1
Venera 1
Spacecraft
Venera 1
Spacecraft
(USSR)
Organization
19 May 1961 –20 May 1961
Date
flyby
Type
failure
Status
contact lost 7 days after launch; first spacecraft to fly by another planet
Mariner 1
Mariner 1
Spacecraft
Mariner 1
Spacecraft
NASA
Organization
22 July 1962
Date
flyby
Type
failure
Status
guidance failure shortly after launch
Sputnik 19
Sputnik 19
Spacecraft
Sputnik 19
Spacecraft
(USSR)
Organization
25 August 1962
Date
lander
Type
failure
Status
failed to escape Earth orbit
Sputnik 20
Sputnik 20
Spacecraft
Sputnik 20
Spacecraft
(USSR)
Organization
1 September 1962
Date
lander
Type
failure
Status
failed to escape Earth orbit
Sputnik 21
Sputnik 21
Spacecraft
Sputnik 21
Spacecraft
(USSR)
Organization
12 September 1962
Date
flyby
Type
failure
Status
third stage exploded
Mariner 2
Mariner 2
Spacecraft
Mariner 2
Spacecraft
NASA
Organization
14 December 1962
Date
flyby
Type
success
Status
first successful Venus flyby; minimum distance 34,773 km
Notes
Cosmos 21†
Cosmos 21†
Spacecraft
Cosmos 21†
Spacecraft
(USSR)
Organization
11 November 1963
Date
flyby
Type
failure
Status
failed to escape Earth orbit
Venera 1964A†
Venera 1964A†
Spacecraft
Venera 1964A†
Spacecraft
(USSR)
Organization
19 February 1964
Date
flyby
Type
failure
Status
failed to reach Earth orbit
Venera 1964B†
Venera 1964B†
Spacecraft
Venera 1964B†
Spacecraft
(USSR)
Organization
1 March 1964
Date
flyby
Type
failure
Status
failed to reach Earth orbit
Cosmos 27
Cosmos 27
Spacecraft
Cosmos 27
Spacecraft
(USSR)
Organization
27 March 1964
Date
flyby
Type
failure
Status
failed to escape Earth orbit
Zond 1
Zond 1
Spacecraft
Zond 1
Spacecraft
(USSR)
Organization
1964
Date
flyby and possible lander
Type
failure
Status
contact lost en route
Cosmos 96
Cosmos 96
Spacecraft
Cosmos 96
Spacecraft
(USSR)
Organization
23 November 1965
Date
lander
Type
failure
Status
did not depart low Earth orbit due to a launch failure
Venera 1965A†
Venera 1965A†
Spacecraft
Venera 1965A†
Spacecraft
(USSR)
Organization
26 November 1965
Date
flyby
Type
failure
Status
launch vehicle failure?
Venera 2
Venera 2
Spacecraft
Venera 2
Spacecraft
(USSR)
Organization
27 February 1966
Date
flyby
Type
failure
Status
ceased to operate en route
Venera 3
Venera 3
Spacecraft
Venera 3
Spacecraft
(USSR)
Organization
1 March 1966
Date
lander
Type
failure
Status
contact lost before arrival; first spacecraft to impact on the surface of another planet
Kosmos 167
Kosmos 167
Spacecraft
Kosmos 167
Spacecraft
(USSR)
Organization
17 June 1967
Date
lander
Type
failure
Status
failed to escape Earth orbit
Venera 4
Venera 4
Spacecraft
Venera 4
Spacecraft
(USSR)
Organization
18 October 1967
Date
atmospheric probe
Type
success
Status
continued to transmit to an altitude of 25 km
Mariner 5
Mariner 5
Spacecraft
Mariner 5
Spacecraft
NASA
Organization
19 October 1967
Date
flyby
Type
success
Status
minimum distance 5,000 km
Notes
Venera 5
Venera 5
Spacecraft
Venera 5
Spacecraft
(USSR)
Organization
16 May 1969
Date
atmospheric probe
Type
success
Status
transmitted atmospheric data for 53 minutes, to an altitude of about 26 km
Venera 6
Venera 6
Spacecraft
Venera 6
Spacecraft
(USSR)
Organization
17 May 1969
Date
atmospheric probe
Type
success
Status
transmitted atmospheric data for 51 minutes, to an altitude of perhaps 10–12 km
Ranked list
Spacecraft
Organization
Date
Type
Status
Notes
Image
Ref
Tyazhely Sputnik
(USSR)
4 February 1961
lander
failure
failed to escape from Earth orbit
1961-002A
Venera 1
(USSR)
19 May 1961 –20 May 1961
flyby
failure
contact lost 7 days after launch; first spacecraft to fly by another planet
1961-003A
Mariner 1
NASA
22 July 1962
flyby
failure
guidance failure shortly after launch
MARIN1
Sputnik 19
(USSR)
25 August 1962
lander
failure
failed to escape Earth orbit
1962-040A
Sputnik 20
(USSR)
1 September 1962
lander
failure
failed to escape Earth orbit
1962-043A
Sputnik 21
(USSR)
12 September 1962
flyby
failure
third stage exploded
1962-045A
Mariner 2
NASA
14 December 1962
flyby
success
first successful Venus flyby; minimum distance 34,773 km
1962-041A
Cosmos 21†
(USSR)
11 November 1963
flyby
failure
failed to escape Earth orbit
1963-044A
Venera 1964A†
(USSR)
19 February 1964
flyby
failure
failed to reach Earth orbit
Venera 1964B†
(USSR)
1 March 1964
flyby
failure
failed to reach Earth orbit
Cosmos 27
(USSR)
27 March 1964
flyby
failure
failed to escape Earth orbit
1964-014A
Zond 1
(USSR)
1964
flyby and possible lander
failure
contact lost en route
1964-016D
Cosmos 96
(USSR)
23 November 1965
lander
failure
did not depart low Earth orbit due to a launch failure
1965-094A
Venera 1965A†
(USSR)
26 November 1965
flyby
failure
launch vehicle failure?
Venera 2
(USSR)
27 February 1966
flyby
failure
ceased to operate en route
1965-091A
Venera 3
(USSR)
1 March 1966
lander
failure
contact lost before arrival; first spacecraft to impact on the surface of another planet
1965-092A
Kosmos 167
(USSR)
17 June 1967
lander
failure
failed to escape Earth orbit
1967-063A
Venera 4
(USSR)
18 October 1967
atmospheric probe
success
continued to transmit to an altitude of 25 km
1967-058A
Mariner 5
NASA
19 October 1967
flyby
success
minimum distance 5,000 km
1967-060A
Venera 5
(USSR)
16 May 1969
atmospheric probe
success
transmitted atmospheric data for 53 minutes, to an altitude of about 26 km
1969-001A
Venera 6
(USSR)
17 May 1969
atmospheric probe
success
transmitted atmospheric data for 51 minutes, to an altitude of perhaps 10–12 km
1969-002A
· Venus probes › 1970–1978
Multi-metric bars
World heat map
Cosmos 359
Cosmos 359
Spacecraft
Cosmos 359
Spacecraft
(USSR)
Organization
22 August 1970
Date
lander
Type
failure
Status
failed to escape Earth orbit
Venera 7
Venera 7
Spacecraft
Venera 7
Spacecraft
(USSR)
Organization
15 December 1970
Date
lander
Type
success
Status
first successful landing on another planet; signals returned from surface for 23 minutes
Cosmos 482
Cosmos 482
Spacecraft
Cosmos 482
Spacecraft
(USSR)
Organization
31 March 1972
Date
lander
Type
failure
Status
failed to escape Earth orbit
Venera 8
Venera 8
Spacecraft
Venera 8
Spacecraft
(USSR)
Organization
22 July 1972
Date
lander
Type
success
Status
signals returned from surface for 50 minutes
Mariner 10
Mariner 10
Spacecraft
Mariner 10
Spacecraft
NASA
Organization
5 February 1974
Date
flyby
Type
success
Status
minimum distance 5768 km, en route to Mercury; first use of gravity assist by an interplanetary spacecraft
Notes
Venera 9
Venera 9
Spacecraft
Venera 9
Spacecraft
(USSR)
Organization
1975
Date
orbiter
Type
success
Status
first spacecraft to orbit Venus; communications relay for lander; atmospheric and magnetic studies
Notes
22 October 1975
22 October 1975
Spacecraft
22 October 1975
Spacecraft
lander
Organization
success
Date
first images from the surface; operated on surface for 53 minutes
Status
1975-050D
Venera 10
Venera 10
Spacecraft
Venera 10
Spacecraft
(USSR)
Organization
1975
Date
orbiter
Type
success
Status
communications relay for lander; atmospheric and magnetic studies
Notes
23 October 1975
23 October 1975
Spacecraft
23 October 1975
Spacecraft
lander
Organization
success
Date
transmitted from surface for 65 minutes
Status
1975-054D
Pioneer Venus Orbiter
Pioneer Venus Orbiter
Spacecraft
Pioneer Venus Orbiter
Spacecraft
NASA
Organization
4 December 1978 –1992
Date
orbiter
Type
success
Status
atmospheric and magnetic studies
Notes
Pioneer Venus Multiprobe
Pioneer Venus Multiprobe
Spacecraft
Pioneer Venus Multiprobe
Spacecraft
NASA
Organization
9 December 1978
Notes
large probe
large probe
Spacecraft
large probe
Date
atmospheric probe
Type
success
north probe
north probe
Spacecraft
north probe
Date
atmospheric probe
Type
success
day probe
day probe
Spacecraft
day probe
Date
atmospheric probe
Type
success
Status
survived impact and continued to transmit from surface for over an hour
Notes
1978-078G
night probe
night probe
Spacecraft
night probe
Date
atmospheric probe
Type
success
Notes
1978-078F
Venera 12
Venera 12
Spacecraft
Venera 12
Spacecraft
SAS
descent craft
descent craft
Spacecraft
descent craft
Spacecraft
21 December 1978
Organization
lander
Date
partial success
Type
soft landing; transmissions returned for 110 minutes; failure of some instruments
Notes
1978-086C
Venera 11
Venera 11
Spacecraft
Venera 11
Spacecraft
SAS
Status
identical to Venera 12
descent craft
descent craft
Spacecraft
descent craft
Spacecraft
25 December 1978
Organization
lander
Date
partial success
Type
soft landing; transmissions returned for 95 minutes; failure of some instruments
Notes
1978-084D
Ranked list
Spacecraft
Organization
Date
Type
Status
Notes
Image
Ref
Cosmos 359
(USSR)
22 August 1970
lander
failure
failed to escape Earth orbit
1970-065A
Venera 7
(USSR)
15 December 1970
lander
success
first successful landing on another planet; signals returned from surface for 23 minutes
1970-060A
Cosmos 482
(USSR)
31 March 1972
lander
failure
failed to escape Earth orbit
1972-023A
Venera 8
(USSR)
22 July 1972
lander
success
signals returned from surface for 50 minutes
1972-021A
Mariner 10
NASA
5 February 1974
flyby
success
minimum distance 5768 km, en route to Mercury; first use of gravity assist by an interplanetary spacecraft
1973-085A
Venera 9
(USSR)
1975
orbiter
success
first spacecraft to orbit Venus; communications relay for lander; atmospheric and magnetic studies
1975-050A
22 October 1975
lander
success
first images from the surface; operated on surface for 53 minutes
1975-050D
Venera 10
(USSR)
1975
orbiter
success
communications relay for lander; atmospheric and magnetic studies
1975-054A
23 October 1975
lander
success
transmitted from surface for 65 minutes
1975-054D
Pioneer Venus Orbiter
NASA
4 December 1978 –1992
orbiter
success
atmospheric and magnetic studies
1978-051A
Pioneer Venus Multiprobe
NASA
9 December 1978
bus
probe transporter
success
deployed four atmospheric probes, then burnt up in Venusian atmosphere, continuing to transmit to 110 km altitude
1978-078A
large probe
atmospheric probe
success
1978-078D
north probe
atmospheric probe
success
1978-078E
day probe
atmospheric probe
success
survived impact and continued to transmit from surface for over an hour
1978-078G
night probe
atmospheric probe
success
1978-078F
Venera 12
SAS
flight platform
21 December 1978
flyby
success
minimum distance 34,000 km; deployed lander and then acted as communications relay
1978-086A
descent craft
21 December 1978
lander
partial success
soft landing; transmissions returned for 110 minutes; failure of some instruments
1978-086C
Venera 11
SAS
identical to Venera 12
flight platform
25 December 1978
flyby
success
minimum distance 34,000 km; deployed lander and then acted as communications relay
1978-084A
descent craft
25 December 1978
lander
partial success
soft landing; transmissions returned for 95 minutes; failure of some instruments
1978-084D
· Venus probes › 1982–1999
Multi-metric bars
World heat map
Venera 13
Venera 13
Spacecraft
Venera 13
Spacecraft
SAS
descent craft
descent craft
Spacecraft
descent craft
Organization
1 March 1982
Date
lander
Type
success
Status
survived on surface for 127 minutes
Notes
1981-106D
Venera 14
Venera 14
Spacecraft
Venera 14
Spacecraft
SAS
Status
identical to Venera 13
descent craft
descent craft
Spacecraft
descent craft
Organization
5 March 1982
Date
lander
Type
success
Status
survived on surface for 57 minutes
Notes
1981-110D
Venera 15
Venera 15
Spacecraft
Venera 15
Spacecraft
SAS
Organization
1983–1984
Date
orbiter
Type
success
Status
radar mapping
Venera 16
Venera 16
Spacecraft
Venera 16
Spacecraft
SAS
Organization
1983–1984
Date
orbiter
Type
success
Status
radar mapping; identical to Venera 15
Vega 1
Vega 1
Spacecraft
Vega 1
Spacecraft
SAS
Organization
11 June 1985
Date
flyby
Type
success
Status
went on to fly by Halley's comet
Notes
lander
lander
Spacecraft
lander
Spacecraft
failure
Organization
instruments deployed prematurely
Date
1984-125E
atmospheric balloon
atmospheric balloon
Spacecraft
atmospheric balloon
Spacecraft
success
Organization
floated at an altitude of about 54 km and transmitted for around 46 hours
Date
Type
1984-125F
Vega 2
Vega 2
Spacecraft
Vega 2
Spacecraft
SAS
Organization
15 June 1985
Date
flyby
Type
success
Status
went on to fly by Halley's comet
Notes
lander
lander
Spacecraft
lander
Spacecraft
success
Organization
transmitted from surface for 56 minutes
Date
1984-128E
atmospheric balloon
atmospheric balloon
Spacecraft
atmospheric balloon
Spacecraft
success
Organization
floated at an altitude of about 54 km and transmitted for around 46 hours
Date
Type
1984-128F
Galileo
Galileo
Spacecraft
Galileo
Spacecraft
NASA
Organization
10 February 1990
Date
flyby
Type
success
Status
gravity assist en route to Jupiter; minimum distance 16,000 km
Notes
Magellan
Magellan
Spacecraft
Magellan
Spacecraft
NASA
Organization
10 August 1990 –12 October 1994
Date
orbiter
Type
success
Status
global radar mapping
Notes
Cassini
Cassini
Spacecraft
Cassini
Spacecraft
NASA/ ESA/ ASI
Organization
26 April 1998
Date
flyby
Type
success
Status
gravity assist en route to Saturn
Notes
24 June 1999
24 June 1999
Spacecraft
24 June 1999
Ranked list
Spacecraft
Organization
Date
Type
Status
Notes
Image
Ref
Venera 13
SAS
bus
1 March 1982
flyby
success
deployed lander and then acted as communications relay
1981-106A
descent craft
1 March 1982
lander
success
survived on surface for 127 minutes
1981-106D
Venera 14
SAS
identical to Venera 13
bus
5 March 1982
flyby
success
deployed lander and then acted as communications relay
1981-110A
descent craft
5 March 1982
lander
success
survived on surface for 57 minutes
1981-110D
Venera 15
SAS
1983–1984
orbiter
success
radar mapping
1983-053A
Venera 16
SAS
1983–1984
orbiter
success
radar mapping; identical to Venera 15
1983-054A
Vega 1
SAS
11 June 1985
flyby
success
went on to fly by Halley's comet
1984-125A
lander
failure
instruments deployed prematurely
1984-125E
atmospheric balloon
success
floated at an altitude of about 54 km and transmitted for around 46 hours
1984-125F
Vega 2
SAS
15 June 1985
flyby
success
went on to fly by Halley's comet
1984-128A
lander
success
transmitted from surface for 56 minutes
1984-128E
atmospheric balloon
success
floated at an altitude of about 54 km and transmitted for around 46 hours
1984-128F
Galileo
NASA
10 February 1990
flyby
success
gravity assist en route to Jupiter; minimum distance 16,000 km
1989-084B
Magellan
NASA
10 August 1990 –12 October 1994
orbiter
success
global radar mapping
1989-033B
Cassini
NASA/ ESA/ ASI
26 April 1998
flyby
success
gravity assist en route to Saturn
1997-061A
24 June 1999
· Venus probes › Since 2006
Multi-metric bars
World heat map
Venus Express
Venus Express
Spacecraft
Venus Express
Spacecraft
ESA
Organization
11 April 2006 – 18 January 2015
Date
orbiter
Type
success
Status
atmospheric studies; planetary imaging; magnetic observations
Notes
MESSENGER
MESSENGER
Spacecraft
MESSENGER
Spacecraft
NASA
Organization
24 October 2006
Date
flyby
Type
success
Status
gravity assist only; minimum distance 2990 km
Notes
6 June 2007
6 June 2007
Spacecraft
6 June 2007
Spacecraft
success
Organization
minimum distance 300 km; en route to Mercury
Akatsuki(PLANET-C)
Akatsuki(PLANET-C)
Spacecraft
Akatsuki(PLANET-C)
Spacecraft
JAXA
Organization
6 December 2010 (Venus flyby)
Date
orbiter
Type
failure
Status
failed orbital insertion in 2010; success in 2015science mission began May 2016, contact lost April 2024, end of mission declared May 2024[citation needed]
Notes
7 December 2015 (orbital insertion) – 29 May 2024
7 December 2015 (orbital insertion) – 29 May 2024
Spacecraft
7 December 2015 (orbital insertion) – 29 May 2024
Spacecraft
orbiter
Organization
success
IKAROS
IKAROS
Spacecraft
IKAROS
Spacecraft
JAXA
Organization
8 December 2010
Date
flyby
Type
success
Status
solar sail technology development / interplanetary space exploration
Notes
Shin'en(UNITEC-1)
Shin'en(UNITEC-1)
Spacecraft
Shin'en(UNITEC-1)
Spacecraft
UNISEC
Organization
December 2010?
Date
flyby
Type
failure
Status
contact lost shortly after launch
Parker Solar Probe
Parker Solar Probe
Spacecraft
Parker Solar Probe
Spacecraft
NASA
Organization
10 October 2018
Date
flyby
Type
success
Status
gravity assist en route to solar corona
Notes
26 December 2019
26 December 2019
Spacecraft
26 December 2019
11 July 2020
11 July 2020
Spacecraft
11 July 2020
BepiColombo(first pass)
BepiColombo(first pass)
Spacecraft
BepiColombo(first pass)
Spacecraft
ESA/ JAXA
Organization
15 October 2020
Date
flyby
Type
success
Status
gravity assist en route to Mercury; minimum approach distance was about 10,720 km
Notes
Solar Orbiter
Solar Orbiter
Spacecraft
Solar Orbiter
Spacecraft
ESA
Organization
27 December 2020
Date
flyby
Type
success
Status
gravity assist en route to inclined heliocentric orbit for solar polar observations
Parker Solar Probe
Parker Solar Probe
Spacecraft
Parker Solar Probe
Spacecraft
NASA
Organization
20 February 2021
Date
flyby
Type
success
Status
gravity assist en route to solar corona
Notes
Solar Orbiter
Solar Orbiter
Spacecraft
Solar Orbiter
Spacecraft
ESA
Organization
9 August 2021
Date
flyby
Type
success
Status
gravity assist en route to inclined heliocentric orbit for solar polar observations
BepiColombo(second pass)
BepiColombo(second pass)
Spacecraft
BepiColombo(second pass)
Spacecraft
ESA/ JAXA
Organization
10 August 2021
Date
flyby
Type
success
Status
gravity assist en route to Mercury, during which it may study Venus' atmosphere and solar environment
Notes
Parker Solar Probe
Parker Solar Probe
Spacecraft
Parker Solar Probe
Spacecraft
NASA
Organization
16 October 2021
Date
flyby
Type
success
Status
gravity assist en route to solar corona
Notes
Solar Orbiter
Solar Orbiter
Spacecraft
Solar Orbiter
Spacecraft
ESA
Organization
4 September 2022
Date
flyby
Type
success
Status
gravity assist en route to inclined heliocentric orbit for solar polar observations
Parker Solar Probe
Parker Solar Probe
Spacecraft
Parker Solar Probe
Spacecraft
NASA
Organization
21 August 2023
Date
flyby
Type
success
Status
gravity assist en route to solar corona
Notes
6 November 2024
6 November 2024
Spacecraft
6 November 2024
Solar Orbiter
Solar Orbiter
Spacecraft
Solar Orbiter
Spacecraft
ESA
Organization
18 February 2025
Date
flyby
Type
success
Status
gravity assist en route to inclined heliocentric orbit
JUICE
JUICE
Spacecraft
JUICE
Spacecraft
ESA
Organization
31 August 2025
Date
flyby
Type
success
Status
gravity assist en route to Jupiter
Notes
Solar Orbiter
Solar Orbiter
Spacecraft
Solar Orbiter
Spacecraft
ESA
Organization
December 2026
Date
flyby
Type
en route
Status
gravity assist en route to inclined heliocentric orbit
Ranked list
Spacecraft
Organization
Date
Type
Status
Notes
Image
Ref
Venus Express
ESA
11 April 2006 – 18 January 2015
orbiter
success
atmospheric studies; planetary imaging; magnetic observations
2005-045A
MESSENGER
NASA
24 October 2006
flyby
success
gravity assist only; minimum distance 2990 km
2004-030A
6 June 2007
success
minimum distance 300 km; en route to Mercury
Akatsuki(PLANET-C)
JAXA
6 December 2010 (Venus flyby)
orbiter
failure
failed orbital insertion in 2010; success in 2015science mission began May 2016, contact lost April 2024, end of mission declared May 2024[citation needed]
2010-020D
7 December 2015 (orbital insertion) – 29 May 2024
orbiter
success
IKAROS
JAXA
8 December 2010
flyby
success
solar sail technology development / interplanetary space exploration
2010-020E
Shin'en(UNITEC-1)
UNISEC
December 2010?
flyby
failure
contact lost shortly after launch
2010-020F
Parker Solar Probe
NASA
10 October 2018
flyby
success
gravity assist en route to solar corona
2018-065A
26 December 2019
11 July 2020
BepiColombo(first pass)
ESA/ JAXA
15 October 2020
flyby
success
gravity assist en route to Mercury; minimum approach distance was about 10,720 km
2018-080A
Solar Orbiter
ESA
27 December 2020
flyby
success
gravity assist en route to inclined heliocentric orbit for solar polar observations
2020-010A
Parker Solar Probe
NASA
20 February 2021
flyby
success
gravity assist en route to solar corona
2018-065A
Solar Orbiter
ESA
9 August 2021
flyby
success
gravity assist en route to inclined heliocentric orbit for solar polar observations
2020-010A
BepiColombo(second pass)
ESA/ JAXA
10 August 2021
flyby
success
gravity assist en route to Mercury, during which it may study Venus' atmosphere and solar environment
2018-080A
Parker Solar Probe
NASA
16 October 2021
flyby
success
gravity assist en route to solar corona
2018-065A
Solar Orbiter
ESA
4 September 2022
flyby
success
gravity assist en route to inclined heliocentric orbit for solar polar observations
2020-010A
Parker Solar Probe
NASA
21 August 2023
flyby
success
gravity assist en route to solar corona
2018-065A
6 November 2024
Solar Orbiter
ESA
18 February 2025
flyby
success
gravity assist en route to inclined heliocentric orbit
2020-010A
JUICE
ESA
31 August 2025
flyby
success
gravity assist en route to Jupiter
Solar Orbiter
ESA
December 2026
flyby
en route
gravity assist en route to inclined heliocentric orbit
2020-010A
· Mars probes › 1960–1969
Multi-metric bars
World heat map
Mars 1M No.1
Mars 1M No.1
Spacecraft
Mars 1M No.1
Spacecraft
USSR
Organization
10 October 1960
Date
flyby
Type
failure
Status
failed to reach Earth orbit
Mars 1M No.2
Mars 1M No.2
Spacecraft
Mars 1M No.2
Spacecraft
USSR
Organization
14 October 1960
Date
flyby
Type
failure
Status
failed to reach Earth orbit
Mars 1962A
Mars 1962A
Spacecraft
Mars 1962A
Spacecraft
USSR
Organization
24 October 1962
Date
flyby
Type
failure
Status
exploded in or en route to Earth orbit
Mars 1962B
Mars 1962B
Spacecraft
Mars 1962B
Spacecraft
USSR
Organization
11 November 1962 (launch)
Date
lander
Type
failure
Status
broke up during transfer to Mars trajectory
Mars 1
Mars 1
Spacecraft
Mars 1
Spacecraft
USSR
Organization
19 June 1963
Date
flyby
Type
failure
Status
contact lost en route; flew within approximately 193,000 km of Mars
Mariner 3
Mariner 3
Spacecraft
Mariner 3
Spacecraft
NASA
Organization
5 November 1964
Date
flyby
Type
failure
Status
protective shield failed to eject, preventing craft from attaining correct trajectory
Notes
Mariner 4
Mariner 4
Spacecraft
Mariner 4
Spacecraft
NASA
Organization
15 July 1965
Date
flyby
Type
success
Status
first close-up images of Mars
Notes
Zond 2
Zond 2
Spacecraft
Zond 2
Spacecraft
USSR
Organization
6 August 1965
Date
flyby
Type
failure
Status
contact lost en route; flew within 1,500 km of Mars
Mariner 6
Mariner 6
Spacecraft
Mariner 6
Spacecraft
NASA
Organization
31 July 1969
Date
flyby
Type
success
Notes
Mariner 7
Mariner 7
Spacecraft
Mariner 7
Spacecraft
NASA
Organization
5 August 1969
Date
flyby
Type
success
Notes
Mars 1969A
Mars 1969A
Spacecraft
Mars 1969A
Spacecraft
USSR
Organization
27 March 1969 (launch)
Date
orbiter
Type
failure
Status
launch failure
Mars 1969B
Mars 1969B
Spacecraft
Mars 1969B
Spacecraft
USSR
Organization
2 April 1969 (launch)
Date
orbiter
Type
failure
Status
launch failure
Ranked list
Spacecraft
Organization
Date
Type
Status
Notes
Image
Ref
Mars 1M No.1
USSR
10 October 1960
flyby
failure
failed to reach Earth orbit
MARSNK1
Mars 1M No.2
USSR
14 October 1960
flyby
failure
failed to reach Earth orbit
MARSNK2
Mars 1962A
USSR
24 October 1962
flyby
failure
exploded in or en route to Earth orbit
1962-057A
Mars 1962B
USSR
11 November 1962 (launch)
lander
failure
broke up during transfer to Mars trajectory
1962-062A
Mars 1
USSR
19 June 1963
flyby
failure
contact lost en route; flew within approximately 193,000 km of Mars
1962-061A
Mariner 3
NASA
5 November 1964
flyby
failure
protective shield failed to eject, preventing craft from attaining correct trajectory
1964-073A
Mariner 4
NASA
15 July 1965
flyby
success
first close-up images of Mars
1964-077A
Zond 2
USSR
6 August 1965
flyby
failure
contact lost en route; flew within 1,500 km of Mars
1964-078C
Mariner 6
NASA
31 July 1969
flyby
success
1969-014A
Mariner 7
NASA
5 August 1969
flyby
success
1969-030A
Mars 1969A
USSR
27 March 1969 (launch)
orbiter
failure
launch failure
MARS69A
Mars 1969B
USSR
2 April 1969 (launch)
orbiter
failure
launch failure
MARS69B
· Mars probes › 1971–1976
Multi-metric bars
World heat map
Mariner 8
Mariner 8
Spacecraft
Mariner 8
Spacecraft
NASA
Organization
9 May 1971 (launch)
Date
orbiter
Type
failure
Status
launch vehicle failure
Notes
Kosmos 419
Kosmos 419
Spacecraft
Kosmos 419
Spacecraft
USSR
Organization
10 May 1971 (launch)
Date
orbiter
Type
failure
Status
failed to escape Earth orbit
Mariner 9
Mariner 9
Spacecraft
Mariner 9
Spacecraft
NASA
Organization
14 November 1971 –27 October 1972
Date
orbiter
Type
success
Status
first spacecraft to orbit another planet
Notes
Mars 2
Mars 2
Spacecraft
Mars 2
Spacecraft
USSR
Organization
27 November 1971 –22 August 1972
Date
orbiter
Type
success
Status
first Soviet spacecraft to orbit another planet
Notes
Mars 3
Mars 3
Spacecraft
Mars 3
Spacecraft
USSR
Organization
2 December 1971 –22 August 1972
Date
orbiter
Type
partial success
Status
attained a different orbit than intended due to insufficient fuel
Notes
Mars 4
Mars 4
Spacecraft
Mars 4
Spacecraft
USSR
Organization
10 February 1974
Date
orbiter
Type
failure
Status
orbit insertion failed, became flyby
Mars 5
Mars 5
Spacecraft
Mars 5
Spacecraft
USSR
Organization
12 February 1974 –28 February 1974
Date
orbiter
Type
success
Mars 6
Mars 6
Spacecraft
Mars 6
Spacecraft
USSR
Organization
12 March 1974
Date
flyby
Type
success
Mars 7
Mars 7
Spacecraft
Mars 7
Spacecraft
USSR
Organization
9 March 1974
Date
flyby
Type
success
Viking 1 Orbiter
Viking 1 Orbiter
Spacecraft
Viking 1 Orbiter
Spacecraft
NASA
Organization
19 June 1976 –17 August 1980
Date
orbiter
Type
success
Viking 2 Orbiter
Viking 2 Orbiter
Spacecraft
Viking 2 Orbiter
Spacecraft
NASA
Organization
7 August 1976 –25 July 1978
Date
orbiter
Type
success
Ranked list
Spacecraft
Organization
Date
Type
Status
Notes
Image
Ref
Mariner 8
NASA
9 May 1971 (launch)
orbiter
failure
launch vehicle failure
MARINH
Kosmos 419
USSR
10 May 1971 (launch)
orbiter
failure
failed to escape Earth orbit
1971-042A
Mariner 9
NASA
14 November 1971 –27 October 1972
orbiter
success
first spacecraft to orbit another planet
1971-051A
Mars 2
USSR
27 November 1971 –22 August 1972
orbiter
success
first Soviet spacecraft to orbit another planet
1971-045A
Mars 2 Lander
USSR
27 November 1971
lander
failure
crashed; first manmade object to reach surface of Mars
1971-045D
PrOP-M
USSR
27 November 1971
rover
failure
never activated
Mars 3
USSR
2 December 1971 –22 August 1972
orbiter
partial success
attained a different orbit than intended due to insufficient fuel
1971-049A
Mars 3 Lander
USSR
2 December 1971
lander
partial success
first soft landing on Mars; contact lost 110 sec after soft landing, first picture from surface
1971-049F
PrOP-M
USSR
2 December 1971
rover
failure
never activated
Mars 4
USSR
10 February 1974
orbiter
failure
orbit insertion failed, became flyby
1973-047A
Mars 5
USSR
12 February 1974 –28 February 1974
orbiter
success
1973-049A
Mars 6
USSR
12 March 1974
flyby
success
1973-052A
Mars 6 Lander
USSR
12 March 1974
lander
failure
contact lost 148 sec after parachute deployment (returned 224 seconds of atmospheric data)
Mars 7
USSR
9 March 1974
flyby
success
1973-053A
Mars 7 Lander
USSR
9 March 1974
lander
failure
missed Mars
Viking 1 Orbiter
NASA
19 June 1976 –17 August 1980
orbiter
success
1975-075A
Viking 1 Lander
NASA
20 July 1976 –13 November 1982
lander
success
1975-075C
Viking 2 Orbiter
NASA
7 August 1976 –25 July 1978
orbiter
success
1975-083A
Viking 2 Lander
NASA
3 September 1976 –11 April 1980
lander
success
1975-083C
· Mars probes › 1988–1999
Multi-metric bars
World heat map
Phobos 1
Phobos 1
Spacecraft
Phobos 1
Spacecraft
USSR
Organization
7 July 1988 (launch)
Date
orbiter
Type
failure
Status
contact lost en route to Mars
Notes
Phobos 2
Phobos 2
Spacecraft
Phobos 2
Spacecraft
USSR
Organization
29 January 1989 –27 March 1989
Date
orbiter
Type
partial success
Status
Mars orbit acquired, but contact lost shortly before Phobos approach phase and deployment of Phobos landers
Notes
Mars Observer
Mars Observer
Spacecraft
Mars Observer
Spacecraft
NASA
Organization
25 September 1992 (launch)
Date
orbiter
Type
failure
Status
contact lost shortly before Mars orbit insertion
Mars 96
Mars 96
Spacecraft
Mars 96
Spacecraft
RKA
Organization
16 November 1996 (launch)
Date
orbiter
Type
failure
Status
failed to escape Earth orbit
lander
lander
Spacecraft
lander
Spacecraft
Organization
MARS96B
lander
lander
Spacecraft
lander
Spacecraft
MARS96C
penetrator
penetrator
Spacecraft
penetrator
Spacecraft
Organization
MARS96D
penetrator
penetrator
Spacecraft
penetrator
Spacecraft
MARS96E
Mars Pathfinder
Mars Pathfinder
Spacecraft
Mars Pathfinder
Spacecraft
NASA
Organization
4 July 1997 –27 September 1997
Date
lander
Type
success
Mars Global Surveyor
Mars Global Surveyor
Spacecraft
Mars Global Surveyor
Spacecraft
NASA
Organization
12 September 1997 –2 November 2006
Date
orbiter
Type
success
Notes
Mars Climate Orbiter
Mars Climate Orbiter
Spacecraft
Mars Climate Orbiter
Spacecraft
NASA
Organization
23 September 1999
Date
orbiter
Type
failure
Status
Mars orbit insertion failed due to navigation error. Part of Mars Surveyor '98.
Notes
Mars Polar Lander
Mars Polar Lander
Spacecraft
Mars Polar Lander
Spacecraft
NASA
Organization
3 December 1999
Date
lander
Type
failure
Status
Contact lost just prior to entering Martian atmosphere. Part of Mars Surveyor '98.
Notes
Ranked list
Spacecraft
Organization
Date
Type
Status
Notes
Image
Ref
Phobos 1
USSR
7 July 1988 (launch)
orbiter
failure
contact lost en route to Mars
1988-058A
Phobos 2
USSR
29 January 1989 –27 March 1989
orbiter
partial success
Mars orbit acquired, but contact lost shortly before Phobos approach phase and deployment of Phobos landers
1988-059A
Mars Observer
NASA
25 September 1992 (launch)
orbiter
failure
contact lost shortly before Mars orbit insertion
1992-063A
Mars 96
RKA
16 November 1996 (launch)
orbiter
failure
failed to escape Earth orbit
1996-064A
lander
MARS96B
lander
MARS96C
penetrator
MARS96D
penetrator
MARS96E
Mars Pathfinder
NASA
4 July 1997 –27 September 1997
lander
success
1996-068A
Sojourner
NASA
6 July 1997 –27 September 1997
rover
success
first Mars rover
MESURPR
Mars Global Surveyor
NASA
12 September 1997 –2 November 2006
orbiter
success
1996-062A
Mars Climate Orbiter
NASA
23 September 1999
orbiter
failure
Mars orbit insertion failed due to navigation error. Part of Mars Surveyor '98.
1998-073A
Mars Polar Lander
NASA
3 December 1999
lander
failure
Contact lost just prior to entering Martian atmosphere. Part of Mars Surveyor '98.
1999-001A
Deep Space 2 "Amundsen"
NASA
3 December 1999
penetrator
DEEPSP2
Deep Space 2 "Scott"
NASA
3 December 1999
penetrator
· Mars probes › 2001–2009
Multi-metric bars
World heat map
2001 Mars Odyssey
2001 Mars Odyssey
Spacecraft
2001 Mars Odyssey
Spacecraft
NASA
Organization
24 October 2001 – still active as of October 2024
Date
orbiter
Type
success
Status
studying climate and geology; communications relay for Spirit and Opportunity rovers longest surviving spacecraft in orbit around a planet other than Earth
Notes
Nozomi
Nozomi
Spacecraft
Nozomi
Spacecraft
ISAS
Organization
14 December 2003
Date
orbiter
Type
failure
Status
failed to attain Mars orbit, became flyby
Mars Express
Mars Express
Spacecraft
Mars Express
Spacecraft
ESA
Organization
25 December 2003 – still active as of October 2024
Date
orbiter
Type
success
Status
surface imaging and mapping; first European probe in Martian orbit
Notes
Mars Exploration Rover-A "Spirit"
Mars Exploration Rover-A "Spirit"
Spacecraft
Mars Exploration Rover-A "Spirit"
Spacecraft
NASA
Organization
4 January 2004 – 22 March 2010
Date
rover
Type
success
Status
became stuck in May 2009; then operating as a static science station until contact lost in March 2010
Notes
Mars Exploration Rover-B "Opportunity"
Mars Exploration Rover-B "Opportunity"
Spacecraft
Mars Exploration Rover-B "Opportunity"
Spacecraft
NASA
Organization
25 January 2004 – 10 June 2018
Date
rover
Type
success
Status
lost contact 10 June 2018 due to 2018 global dust storm. NASA concluded mission on 13 February 2019 after failed communication attempts since August 2018.
Notes
Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter
Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter
Spacecraft
Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter
Spacecraft
NASA
Organization
10 March 2006 – still active as of October 2024
Date
orbiter
Type
success
Status
surface imaging and surveying
Notes
Rosetta
Rosetta
Spacecraft
Rosetta
Spacecraft
ESA
Organization
25 February 2007
Date
flyby
Type
success
Status
gravity assist en route to asteroid and comet encounters
Notes
Phoenix
Phoenix
Spacecraft
Phoenix
Spacecraft
NASA
Organization
25 May 2008 –10 November 2008
Date
lander
Type
success
Status
collection of soil samples near the northern pole to search for water and investigate Mars' geological history and biological potential
Notes
Dawn
Dawn
Spacecraft
Dawn
Spacecraft
NASA
Organization
17 February 2009
Date
flyby
Type
success
Status
gravity assist en route to Vesta and Ceres
Notes
Ranked list
Spacecraft
Organization
Date
Type
Status
Notes
Image
Ref
2001 Mars Odyssey
NASA
24 October 2001 – still active as of October 2024
orbiter
success
studying climate and geology; communications relay for Spirit and Opportunity rovers longest surviving spacecraft in orbit around a planet other than Earth
2001-013A
Nozomi
ISAS
14 December 2003
orbiter
failure
failed to attain Mars orbit, became flyby
1998-041A
Mars Express
ESA
25 December 2003 – still active as of October 2024
orbiter
success
surface imaging and mapping; first European probe in Martian orbit
2003-022A
Beagle 2
UK
25 December 2003
lander
failure
Deployed by the Mars Express; lost for 11 years and imaged by NASA's MRO in 2015
2003-022C
Mars Exploration Rover-A "Spirit"
NASA
4 January 2004 – 22 March 2010
rover
success
became stuck in May 2009; then operating as a static science station until contact lost in March 2010
2003-027A
Mars Exploration Rover-B "Opportunity"
NASA
25 January 2004 – 10 June 2018
rover
success
lost contact 10 June 2018 due to 2018 global dust storm. NASA concluded mission on 13 February 2019 after failed communication attempts since August 2018.
2003-032A
Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter
NASA
10 March 2006 – still active as of October 2024
orbiter
success
surface imaging and surveying
2005-029A
Rosetta
ESA
25 February 2007
flyby
success
gravity assist en route to asteroid and comet encounters
2004-006A
Phoenix
NASA
25 May 2008 –10 November 2008
lander
success
collection of soil samples near the northern pole to search for water and investigate Mars' geological history and biological potential
2007-034A
Dawn
NASA
17 February 2009
flyby
success
gravity assist en route to Vesta and Ceres
2007-043A
· Mars probes › 2011–2018
Multi-metric bars
World heat map
Fobos-Grunt
Fobos-Grunt
Spacecraft
Fobos-Grunt
Spacecraft
RKA
Organization
8 November 2011 (launch)
Date
orbiter and Phobos sample return
Type
failure
Status
failed to escape Earth orbit
Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity
Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity
Spacecraft
Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity
Spacecraft
NASA
Organization
6 August 2012 –
Date
rover
Type
success
Status
investigation of past and present habitability, climate and geology
Notes
Mangalyaan / Mars Orbiter Mission
Mangalyaan / Mars Orbiter Mission
Spacecraft
Mangalyaan / Mars Orbiter Mission
Spacecraft
ISRO
Organization
24 September 2014 – 27 September 2022
Date
orbiter
Type
success
Status
first Indian spacecraft to orbit another planet, studying Martian atmosphere; mineralogical mapping.
Notes
MAVEN
MAVEN
Spacecraft
MAVEN
Spacecraft
NASA
Organization
25 September 2014 –
Date
orbiter
Type
success
Status
studying Martian atmosphere
Notes
ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter (ExoMars 2016)
ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter (ExoMars 2016)
Spacecraft
ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter (ExoMars 2016)
Spacecraft
ESA/ RKA
Organization
19 October 2016 –
Date
orbiter
Type
success
Status
atmospheric gas analysis; communication relay for surface probes
Notes
InSight
InSight
Spacecraft
InSight
Spacecraft
NASA
Organization
26 November 2018 – 21 December 2022
Date
lander
Type
success
Status
studied the deep interior of Mars, with a seismometer and a heat-flow probe.
Notes
Ranked list
Spacecraft
Organization
Date
Type
Status
Notes
Image
Ref
Fobos-Grunt
RKA
8 November 2011 (launch)
orbiter and Phobos sample return
failure
failed to escape Earth orbit
2011-065A
Yinghuo-1
CNSA
orbiter
YINGHUO-1
Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity
NASA
6 August 2012 –
rover
success
investigation of past and present habitability, climate and geology
2011-070A
Mangalyaan / Mars Orbiter Mission
ISRO
24 September 2014 – 27 September 2022
orbiter
success
first Indian spacecraft to orbit another planet, studying Martian atmosphere; mineralogical mapping.
2013-060A
MAVEN
NASA
25 September 2014 –
orbiter
success
studying Martian atmosphere
2013-063A
ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter (ExoMars 2016)
ESA/ RKA
19 October 2016 –
orbiter
success
atmospheric gas analysis; communication relay for surface probes
2016-017A
Schiaparelli EDM lander
ESA
19 October 2016
lander
failure
landing test, meteorological observation, crashed upon landing
InSight
NASA
26 November 2018 – 21 December 2022
lander
success
studied the deep interior of Mars, with a seismometer and a heat-flow probe.
2018-042A
MarCO A "WALL-E"
NASA
26 November 2018
flyby
success
relaying data from InSight during its entry, descent, and landing
2018-042B
MarCO B "EVE"
NASA
26 November 2018
flyby
success
2018-042C
· Mars probes › Since 2020
Multi-metric bars
World heat map
Emirates Mars Mission
Emirates Mars Mission
Spacecraft
Emirates Mars Mission
Spacecraft
MBRSC
Organization
9 February 2021 –
Date
orbiter
Type
in orbit
Status
conduct studies of Martian atmosphere
Tianwen-1 orbiter
Tianwen-1 orbiter
Spacecraft
Tianwen-1 orbiter
Spacecraft
CNSA
Organization
10 February 2021 -
Date
orbiter
Type
in orbit
Status
orbital studies of Martian surface morphology, soil, and atmosphere
Mars 2020 Perseverance
Mars 2020 Perseverance
Spacecraft
Mars 2020 Perseverance
Spacecraft
NASA
Organization
18 February 2021 -
Date
rover
Type
landed
Status
investigate past and present habitability, climate, and geology; produce O2 from CO2; collect samples for Mars Sample Return Mission
Notes
Europa Clipper
Europa Clipper
Spacecraft
Europa Clipper
Spacecraft
NASA
Organization
1 March
Date
flyby
Type
success
Status
gravity assist en route to Jupiter
Notes
Hera
Hera
Spacecraft
Hera
Spacecraft
ESA
Organization
7 October 2024 (launch)March 2025 (flyby)
Date
flyby
Type
enroute
Status
gravity assist en route to Didymos
Notes
Psyche
Psyche
Spacecraft
Psyche
Spacecraft
NASA
Organization
13 October 2023 (launch)May 2026 (flyby)
Date
flyby
Type
enroute
Status
gravity assist en route to Psyche
Notes
Ranked list
Spacecraft
Organization
Date
Type
Status
Notes
Image
Ref
Emirates Mars Mission
MBRSC
9 February 2021 –
orbiter
in orbit
conduct studies of Martian atmosphere
2020-047A
Tianwen-1 orbiter
CNSA
10 February 2021 -
orbiter
in orbit
orbital studies of Martian surface morphology, soil, and atmosphere
2020-049A
Tianwen-1 Deployable Camera 1
CNSA
~10 February 2021
flyby (post mission)
success
imaged Tianwen-1 in deep space
Tianwen-1 Deployable Camera 2
CNSA
10 February 2021 (released on 31 December 2021)
orbiter
success
imaged Tianwen-1 orbiter and Northern Mars Ice Caps from Mars orbit.
Tianwen-1 lander
CNSA
14 May 2021
lander
success
Reaches end of designed lifespan after successful soft landing.
Zhurong
CNSA
22 May 2021 - 5 May 2022
rover
success
in-situ studies of Martian surface morphology, soil, and atmosphere
Tianwen-1 Remote Camera
CNSA
1 June 2021
lander
success
imaged Tianwen-1 lander and Zhurong rover on Mars
Mars 2020 Perseverance
NASA
18 February 2021 -
rover
landed
investigate past and present habitability, climate, and geology; produce O2 from CO2; collect samples for Mars Sample Return Mission
2020-052A
Mars Helicopter Ingenuity
NASA
3 April 2021 - 25 January 2024
autonomous UAV helicopter
success
experimental scout for the Perseverance rover. Took 1st flight successfully from takeoff to landing.
Europa Clipper
NASA
1 March
flyby
success
gravity assist en route to Jupiter
EUROPA-CL
Hera
ESA
7 October 2024 (launch)March 2025 (flyby)
flyby
enroute
gravity assist en route to Didymos
HERA
Psyche
NASA
13 October 2023 (launch)May 2026 (flyby)
flyby
enroute
gravity assist en route to Psyche
2023-157A
· Mars probes › Phobos probes
Multi-metric bars
World heat map
Phobos 1
Phobos 1
Spacecraft
Phobos 1
Spacecraft
USSR
Organization
7 July 1988 (launch)
Date
flyby
Type
failure
Status
contact lost en route to Mars
Notes
Phobos 2
Phobos 2
Spacecraft
Phobos 2
Spacecraft
USSR
Organization
27 March 1989 (contact lost)
Date
flyby
Type
failure
Status
attained Mars orbit; contact lost prior to deployment of lander
Notes
Fobos-Grunt
Fobos-Grunt
Spacecraft
Fobos-Grunt
Spacecraft
RKA
Organization
8 November 2011 (launch)
Date
sample return
Type
failure
Status
failed to escape Earth orbit; launched with Yinghuo-1 Mars orbiter
Ranked list
Spacecraft
Organization
Date
Type
Status
Notes
Image
Ref
Phobos 1
USSR
7 July 1988 (launch)
flyby
failure
contact lost en route to Mars
1988-058A
DAS
USSR
2 September 1988
fixed lander
failure
never deployed
Phobos 2
USSR
27 March 1989 (contact lost)
flyby
failure
attained Mars orbit; contact lost prior to deployment of lander
1988-059A
DAS
USSR
27 March 1989
fixed lander
failure
never deployed
"Frog"
USSR
27 March 1989
mobile lander
failure
never deployed
Fobos-Grunt
RKA
8 November 2011 (launch)
sample return
failure
failed to escape Earth orbit; launched with Yinghuo-1 Mars orbiter
2011-065A
· Ceres probes
Multi-metric bars
World heat map
Dawn
Dawn
Spacecraft
Dawn
Spacecraft
NASA
Organization
6 March 2015 – 1 November 2018
Date
orbiter
Type
success
Status
first spacecraft to orbit two different celestial bodies; previously visited Vesta
Notes
Ranked list
Spacecraft
Organization
Date
Type
Status
Notes
Image
Ref
Dawn
NASA
6 March 2015 – 1 November 2018
orbiter
success
first spacecraft to orbit two different celestial bodies; previously visited Vesta
2007-043A
· Asteroid probes
Multi-metric bars
World heat map
951 Gaspra
951 Gaspra
Target
951 Gaspra
Spacecraft
Galileo
Spacecraft
NASA
Organization
29 October 1991
Date
flyby
Type
success
Status
en route to Jupiter; minimum distance 1900 km
Notes
243 Ida
243 Ida
Target
243 Ida
Spacecraft
Galileo
Spacecraft
NASA
Organization
28 August 1993
Date
flyby
Type
success
Status
en route to Jupiter; minimum distance 2400 km; discovery of the first asteroid satellite Dactyl
Notes
1620 Geographos
1620 Geographos
Target
1620 Geographos
Spacecraft
Clementine
Spacecraft
BMDO/ NASA
Organization
1994
Date
flyby
Type
failure
Status
flyby cancelled due to equipment malfunction
Notes
253 Mathilde
253 Mathilde
Target
253 Mathilde
Spacecraft
NEARShoemaker
Spacecraft
NASA
Organization
27 June 1997
Date
flyby
Type
success
Status
flew within 1200 km of 253 Mathilde en route to 433 Eros
Notes
433 Eros
433 Eros
Target
433 Eros
Spacecraft
NEARShoemaker
Spacecraft
NASA
Organization
January 1999
Date
orbiter
Type
failure
Status
became flyby due to software and communications problems (later attempt at orbit insertion succeeded; see below)
Notes
9969 Braille
9969 Braille
Target
9969 Braille
Spacecraft
Deep Space 1
Spacecraft
NASA
Organization
29 July 1999
Date
flyby
Type
partial success
Status
no close-up images due to camera pointing error; went on to visit comet 19P/Borrelly
Notes
2685 Masursky
2685 Masursky
Target
2685 Masursky
Spacecraft
Cassini
Spacecraft
NASA/ ESA/ ASI
Organization
23 January 2000
Date
distant flyby
Type
success
Status
en route to Saturn
Notes
433 Eros
433 Eros
Target
433 Eros
Spacecraft
NEARShoemaker
Spacecraft
NASA
Organization
February 2000 –February 2001
Date
orbiter, became lander
Type
success
Status
improvised landing by orbiter at end of mission
Notes
5535 Annefrank
5535 Annefrank
Target
5535 Annefrank
Spacecraft
Stardust
Spacecraft
NASA
Organization
2 November 2002
Date
distant flyby
Type
success
Status
went on to visit comet 81P/Wild
Notes
25143 Itokawa
25143 Itokawa
Target
25143 Itokawa
Spacecraft
Hayabusa
Spacecraft
ISAS
Organization
2005–07
Date
sample return
Type
success
Status
2005: landed and collected dust grains.2010: sample returned.
Notes
132524 APL
132524 APL
Target
132524 APL
Spacecraft
New Horizons
Spacecraft
NASA
Organization
June 2006
Date
distant flyby
Type
success
Status
flew past Pluto successfully
2867 Šteins
2867 Šteins
Target
2867 Šteins
Spacecraft
Rosetta
Spacecraft
ESA
Organization
5 September 2008
Date
flyby
Type
success
Status
en route to comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko
Notes
21 Lutetia
21 Lutetia
Target
21 Lutetia
Spacecraft
Rosetta
Spacecraft
ESA
Organization
11 July 2010
Date
flyby
Type
success
Status
en route to comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko
Notes
4 Vesta
4 Vesta
Target
4 Vesta
Spacecraft
Dawn
Spacecraft
NASA
Organization
16 July 2011 – 5 September 2012
Date
orbiter
Type
success
Status
first spacecraft to orbit two different celestial bodies; now orbiting Ceres
Notes
4179 Toutatis
4179 Toutatis
Target
4179 Toutatis
Spacecraft
Chang'e 2
Spacecraft
CNSA
Organization
13 December 2012
Date
flyby
Type
success
Status
came within 3.2 km (2.0 mi) to Toutatis
2000 DP107
2000 DP107
Target
2000 DP107
Spacecraft
PROCYON
Spacecraft
University of Tokyo / JAXA
Organization
12 May 2016
Date
flyby
Type
failure
Status
launched with Hayabusa2 in 2014; mission abandoned after ion thruster failure
162173 Ryugu
162173 Ryugu
Target
162173 Ryugu
Spacecraft
Hayabusa2
Spacecraft
JAXA
Organization
27 June 2018 – 13 November 2019
Date
sample return
Type
success
Status
asteroid rendezvous in June 2018, sample capture in 2019; returned sample to Earth on 5 December 2020
101955 Bennu
101955 Bennu
Target
101955 Bennu
Spacecraft
OSIRIS-REx
Spacecraft
NASA
Organization
August 2018
Date
sample return
Type
success
Status
orbital insertion in 2018, sample capture in 2020, a flyby in 2021, return to Earth in 2023
kinetic impactor of Dimorphos to test planetary defense
Notes
2020 GE (tentative)
2020 GE (tentative)
Target
2020 GE (tentative)
Spacecraft
Near-Earth Asteroid Scout
Spacecraft
NASA
Organization
16 November 2022 (launch)
Date
flyby
Type
failure
Status
Small spacecraft asteroid flyby technology demonstration. Communication failure
Notes
152830 Dinkinesh
152830 Dinkinesh
Target
152830 Dinkinesh
Spacecraft
Lucy
Spacecraft
NASA
Organization
1 November 2023
Date
flyby
Type
success
Status
main-belt asteroid flyby en route to Jupiter Trojans; minimum distance 425 km; discovered a natural satellite of the asteroid
Notes
52246 Donaldjohanson
52246 Donaldjohanson
Target
52246 Donaldjohanson
Spacecraft
Lucy
Spacecraft
NASA
Organization
20 April 2025
Date
flyby
Type
success
Status
main-belt asteroid flyby en route to Jupiter Trojans
Notes
2022 OB5
2022 OB5
Target
2022 OB5
Spacecraft
Brokkr-2
Spacecraft
AstroForge
Organization
27 February 2025 (launch)December 2025 (flyby)
Date
flyby
Type
failure
Status
near-Earth asteroid flyby and determine if the asteroid is metallic as a test for space mining. Mission failed due to communication and tumbling issues.
469219 Kamoʻoalewa
469219 Kamoʻoalewa
Target
469219 Kamoʻoalewa
Spacecraft
Tianwen-2 (ZhengHe)
Spacecraft
CNSA
Organization
29 May 2025 (launch) 7 June 2026 (orbit)
Date
sample return
Type
en route
Status
orbit then return sample from an Apollo NEA
98943 Torifune
98943 Torifune
Target
98943 Torifune
Spacecraft
Hayabusa2
Spacecraft
JAXA
Organization
2026
Date
flyby
Type
en route
3548 Eurybates
3548 Eurybates
Target
3548 Eurybates
Spacecraft
Lucy
Spacecraft
NASA
Organization
August 2027
Date
flyby
Type
en route
Status
First flyby of a Jupiter trojan
Notes
15094 Polymele
15094 Polymele
Target
15094 Polymele
Spacecraft
Lucy
Spacecraft
NASA
Organization
September 2027
Date
flyby
Type
en route
Notes
65803 Didymos
65803 Didymos
Target
65803 Didymos
Spacecraft
Hera
Spacecraft
ESA
Organization
2027
Date
orbiter
Type
en route
Status
studying effects of DART's impact on the asteroid
Notes
(65803) Dimorphos
(65803) Dimorphos
Target
(65803) Dimorphos
Spacecraft
Milani
Spacecraft
ESA
Date
Orbiter/lander
Type
en route
2015 XF261
2015 XF261
Target
2015 XF261
Spacecraft
China Asteroid deflection probe
Spacecraft
CNSA
Organization
2027 (launch)
Date
flyby/impactor
Type
planned
Status
probes to observe/impact an Aten NEA
11351 Leucus
11351 Leucus
Target
11351 Leucus
Spacecraft
Lucy
Spacecraft
NASA
Organization
April 2028
Date
flyby
Type
en route
Notes
21900 Orus
21900 Orus
Target
21900 Orus
Spacecraft
Lucy
Spacecraft
NASA
Organization
November 2028
Date
flyby
Type
en route
Notes
99942 Apophis
99942 Apophis
Target
99942 Apophis
Spacecraft
OSIRIS-APEX (formerly OSIRIS-REx)
Spacecraft
NASA
Organization
April 2029
Date
orbiter
Type
en route
Status
study of a C-type asteroid in 2029
Notes
16 Psyche
16 Psyche
Target
16 Psyche
Spacecraft
Psyche
Spacecraft
NASA
Organization
13 October 2023 (launch) August 2029 (arrival)
Date
orbiter
Type
en route
Status
Selected for mission #14 of NASA's Discovery Program to explore a metallic asteroid.
Notes
1998 KY26
1998 KY26
Target
1998 KY26
Spacecraft
Hayabusa2
Spacecraft
JAXA
Organization
2030
Date
flyby
Type
en route
Status
flyby of a fast rotator asteroid
Patroclus and Menoetius
Patroclus and Menoetius
Target
Patroclus and Menoetius
Spacecraft
Lucy
Spacecraft
NASA
Organization
March 2033
Date
flyby
Type
en route
Status
First flyby of a Trojan Camp Jupiter Trojan
Notes
311P/PANSTARRS
311P/PANSTARRS
Target
311P/PANSTARRS
Spacecraft
Tianwen-2 (ZhengHe)
Spacecraft
CNSA
Organization
29 May 2025 (launch) 24 January 2035 (orbit)
Date
orbiter, lander
Type
en route
Status
study of an asteroid/main-belt comet
Ranked list
Target
Spacecraft
Organization
Date
Type
Status
Notes
Image
Ref
951 Gaspra
Galileo
NASA
29 October 1991
flyby
success
en route to Jupiter; minimum distance 1900 km
1989-084B
243 Ida
Galileo
NASA
28 August 1993
flyby
success
en route to Jupiter; minimum distance 2400 km; discovery of the first asteroid satellite Dactyl
1989-084B
1620 Geographos
Clementine
BMDO/ NASA
1994
flyby
failure
flyby cancelled due to equipment malfunction
1994-004A
253 Mathilde
NEARShoemaker
NASA
27 June 1997
flyby
success
flew within 1200 km of 253 Mathilde en route to 433 Eros
1996-008A
433 Eros
NEARShoemaker
NASA
January 1999
orbiter
failure
became flyby due to software and communications problems (later attempt at orbit insertion succeeded; see below)
1996-008A
9969 Braille
Deep Space 1
NASA
29 July 1999
flyby
partial success
no close-up images due to camera pointing error; went on to visit comet 19P/Borrelly
1998-061A
2685 Masursky
Cassini
NASA/ ESA/ ASI
23 January 2000
distant flyby
success
en route to Saturn
1997-061A
433 Eros
NEARShoemaker
NASA
February 2000 –February 2001
orbiter, became lander
success
improvised landing by orbiter at end of mission
1996-008A
5535 Annefrank
Stardust
NASA
2 November 2002
distant flyby
success
went on to visit comet 81P/Wild
1999-003A
25143 Itokawa
Hayabusa
ISAS
2005–07
sample return
success
2005: landed and collected dust grains.2010: sample returned.
2003-019A
MINERVA
ISAS
12 November 2005
hopper
failure
missed target
132524 APL
New Horizons
NASA
June 2006
distant flyby
success
flew past Pluto successfully
2006-001A
2867 Šteins
Rosetta
ESA
5 September 2008
flyby
success
en route to comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko
2004-006A
21 Lutetia
Rosetta
ESA
11 July 2010
flyby
success
en route to comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko
2004-006A
4 Vesta
Dawn
NASA
16 July 2011 – 5 September 2012
orbiter
success
first spacecraft to orbit two different celestial bodies; now orbiting Ceres
2007-043A
4179 Toutatis
Chang'e 2
CNSA
13 December 2012
flyby
success
came within 3.2 km (2.0 mi) to Toutatis
2010-050A
2000 DP107
PROCYON
University of Tokyo / JAXA
12 May 2016
flyby
failure
launched with Hayabusa2 in 2014; mission abandoned after ion thruster failure
2014-076D
162173 Ryugu
Hayabusa2
JAXA
27 June 2018 – 13 November 2019
sample return
success
asteroid rendezvous in June 2018, sample capture in 2019; returned sample to Earth on 5 December 2020
2014-076A
Minerva II-1A
JAXA
21 September 2018
hopper
success
Minerva II-1B
JAXA
21 September 2018
hopper
success
MASCOT
DLR/ CNES
3 October 2018
mobile lander
success
SCI
JAXA
5 April 2019
impactor
success
DCAM-3
JAXA
5 April 2019
orbiter
success
observing SCI's impact, and the ejecta created by the impact
Minerva II-2
JAXA
2 October 2019
hopper
failure
Rover failed before deployment, it was deployed in orbit around the asteroid to perform gravitational measurements before it impacted on 8 October 2019.
101955 Bennu
OSIRIS-REx
NASA
August 2018
sample return
success
orbital insertion in 2018, sample capture in 2020, a flyby in 2021, return to Earth in 2023
kinetic impactor of Dimorphos to test planetary defense
2021-110A
LICIACube
ASI
26 September 2022
flyby
success
observe DART's impact
2020 GE (tentative)
Near-Earth Asteroid Scout
NASA
16 November 2022 (launch)
flyby
failure
Small spacecraft asteroid flyby technology demonstration. Communication failure
NEA-SCOUT
152830 Dinkinesh
Lucy
NASA
1 November 2023
flyby
success
main-belt asteroid flyby en route to Jupiter Trojans; minimum distance 425 km; discovered a natural satellite of the asteroid
2021-093A
52246 Donaldjohanson
Lucy
NASA
20 April 2025
flyby
success
main-belt asteroid flyby en route to Jupiter Trojans
2021-093A
2022 OB5
Brokkr-2
AstroForge
27 February 2025 (launch)December 2025 (flyby)
flyby
failure
near-Earth asteroid flyby and determine if the asteroid is metallic as a test for space mining. Mission failed due to communication and tumbling issues.
2025-038A
469219 Kamoʻoalewa
Tianwen-2 (ZhengHe)
CNSA
29 May 2025 (launch) 7 June 2026 (orbit)
sample return
en route
orbit then return sample from an Apollo NEA
98943 Torifune
Hayabusa2
JAXA
2026
flyby
en route
2014-076A
3548 Eurybates
Lucy
NASA
August 2027
flyby
en route
First flyby of a Jupiter trojan
2021-093A
15094 Polymele
Lucy
NASA
September 2027
flyby
en route
2021-093A
65803 Didymos
Hera
ESA
2027
orbiter
en route
studying effects of DART's impact on the asteroid
HERA
Milani
ESA
2027
orbiter
en route
to be deployed from Hera
Juventas
ESA
2027
orbiter
en route
to be deployed from Hera
(65803) Dimorphos
Milani
ESA
Orbiter/lander
en route
2015 XF261
China Asteroid deflection probe
CNSA
2027 (launch)
flyby/impactor
planned
probes to observe/impact an Aten NEA
11351 Leucus
Lucy
NASA
April 2028
flyby
en route
2021-093A
21900 Orus
Lucy
NASA
November 2028
flyby
en route
2021-093A
99942 Apophis
OSIRIS-APEX (formerly OSIRIS-REx)
NASA
April 2029
orbiter
en route
study of a C-type asteroid in 2029
2016-055A
16 Psyche
Psyche
NASA
13 October 2023 (launch) August 2029 (arrival)
orbiter
en route
Selected for mission of NASA's Discovery Program to explore a metallic asteroid.
2023-157A
1998 KY26
Hayabusa2
JAXA
2030
flyby
en route
flyby of a fast rotator asteroid
2014-076A
Patroclus and Menoetius
Lucy
NASA
March 2033
flyby
en route
First flyby of a Trojan Camp Jupiter Trojan
2021-093A
311P/PANSTARRS
Tianwen-2 (ZhengHe)
CNSA
29 May 2025 (launch) 24 January 2035 (orbit)
orbiter, lander
en route
study of an asteroid/main-belt comet
-
· Jupiter probes
Multi-metric bars
World heat map
Pioneer 10
Pioneer 10
Spacecraft
Pioneer 10
Spacecraft
NASA
Organization
3 December 1973
Date
flyby
Type
success
Status
first probe to cross the asteroid belt; first Jupiter probe; first man-made object on an interstellar trajectory; now in the outer regions of the Solar System but no longer contactable
Notes
Pioneer 11
Pioneer 11
Spacecraft
Pioneer 11
Spacecraft
NASA
Organization
4 December 1974
Date
flyby
Type
success
Status
went on to visit Saturn
Notes
Voyager 1
Voyager 1
Spacecraft
Voyager 1
Spacecraft
NASA
Organization
5 March 1979
Date
flyby
Type
success
Status
went on to visit Saturn
Notes
Voyager 2
Voyager 2
Spacecraft
Voyager 2
Spacecraft
NASA
Organization
9 July 1979
Date
flyby
Type
success
Status
went on to visit Saturn, Uranus and Neptune
Notes
Ulysses(first pass)
Ulysses(first pass)
Spacecraft
Ulysses(first pass)
Spacecraft
ESA/ NASA
Organization
February 1992
Date
flyby
Type
success
Status
gravity assist en route to inclined heliocentric orbit for solar polar observations
Notes
Galileo Orbiter
Galileo Orbiter
Spacecraft
Galileo Orbiter
Spacecraft
NASA
Organization
7 December 1995 –21 September 2003
Date
orbiter
Type
success
Status
also flew by various of Jupiter's moons; intentionally flown into Jupiter at end of mission; first spacecraft to orbit Jupiter; first spacecraft to flyby an asteroid
Notes
Cassini
Cassini
Spacecraft
Cassini
Spacecraft
NASA/ ESA/ ASI
Organization
December 2000
Date
flyby
Type
success
Status
gravity assist en route to Saturn
Notes
Ulysses(second pass)
Ulysses(second pass)
Spacecraft
Ulysses(second pass)
Spacecraft
ESA/ NASA
Organization
2003–04
Date
distant flyby
Type
success
Notes
New Horizons
New Horizons
Spacecraft
New Horizons
Spacecraft
NASA
Organization
28 February 2007
Date
flyby
Type
success
Status
gravity assist en route to Pluto
Juno
Juno
Spacecraft
Juno
Spacecraft
NASA
Organization
5 July 2016 – July 2018, extended to July 2021 and then September 2025
Date
orbiter
Type
success
Status
First solar-powered Jupiter orbiter, first mission to achieve a polar orbit of Jupiter.
Notes
JUICE
JUICE
Spacecraft
JUICE
Spacecraft
ESA
Organization
14 April 2023 (launch)
Date
orbiter
Type
en route
Status
mission to study Jupiter's three icy moons Callisto, Europa and Ganymede, eventually orbiting Ganymede as the first spacecraft to orbit a satellite of another planet.
Notes
Europa Clipper
Europa Clipper
Spacecraft
Europa Clipper
Spacecraft
NASA
Organization
14 October 2024 (launch)11 April 2030 (planned)
Date
orbiter
Type
en route
Status
planned to orbit Jupiter and fly by Europa multiple times
Notes
Ranked list
Spacecraft
Organization
Date
Type
Status
Notes
Image
Ref
Pioneer 10
NASA
3 December 1973
flyby
success
first probe to cross the asteroid belt; first Jupiter probe; first man-made object on an interstellar trajectory; now in the outer regions of the Solar System but no longer contactable
1972-012A
Pioneer 11
NASA
4 December 1974
flyby
success
went on to visit Saturn
1973-019A
Voyager 1
NASA
5 March 1979
flyby
success
went on to visit Saturn
1977-084A
Voyager 2
NASA
9 July 1979
flyby
success
went on to visit Saturn, Uranus and Neptune
1977-076A
Ulysses(first pass)
ESA/ NASA
February 1992
flyby
success
gravity assist en route to inclined heliocentric orbit for solar polar observations
1990-090B
Galileo Orbiter
NASA
7 December 1995 –21 September 2003
orbiter
success
also flew by various of Jupiter's moons; intentionally flown into Jupiter at end of mission; first spacecraft to orbit Jupiter; first spacecraft to flyby an asteroid
1989-084B
Galileo Probe
NASA
7 December 1995
atmospheric probe
success
first probe to enter Jupiter's atmosphere
1989-084E
Cassini
NASA/ ESA/ ASI
December 2000
flyby
success
gravity assist en route to Saturn
1997-061A
Ulysses(second pass)
ESA/ NASA
2003–04
distant flyby
success
1990-090B
New Horizons
NASA
28 February 2007
flyby
success
gravity assist en route to Pluto
2006-001A
Juno
NASA
5 July 2016 – July 2018, extended to July 2021 and then September 2025
orbiter
success
First solar-powered Jupiter orbiter, first mission to achieve a polar orbit of Jupiter.
2011-040A
JUICE
ESA
14 April 2023 (launch)
orbiter
en route
mission to study Jupiter's three icy moons Callisto, Europa and Ganymede, eventually orbiting Ganymede as the first spacecraft to orbit a satellite of another planet.
Europa Clipper
NASA
14 October 2024 (launch)11 April 2030 (planned)
orbiter
en route
planned to orbit Jupiter and fly by Europa multiple times
EUROPA-CL
· Jupiter probes › Ganymede probes
Multi-metric bars
World heat map
JUICE
JUICE
Spacecraft
JUICE
Spacecraft
ESA
Organization
14 April 2023 (launch)
Date
orbiter
Type
en route
Status
mission to study Jupiter's three icy moons Callisto, Europa and Ganymede, eventually orbiting Ganymede as the first spacecraft to orbit a satellite of another planet.
Notes
Ranked list
Spacecraft
Organization
Date
Type
Status
Notes
Image
Ref
JUICE
ESA
14 April 2023 (launch)
orbiter
en route
mission to study Jupiter's three icy moons Callisto, Europa and Ganymede, eventually orbiting Ganymede as the first spacecraft to orbit a satellite of another planet.
· Saturn probes
Multi-metric bars
World heat map
Pioneer 11
Pioneer 11
Spacecraft
Pioneer 11
Spacecraft
NASA
Organization
1 September 1979
Date
flyby
Type
success
Status
previously visited Jupiter
Notes
Voyager 1
Voyager 1
Spacecraft
Voyager 1
Spacecraft
NASA
Organization
12 November 1980
Date
flyby
Type
success
Status
previously visited Jupiter
Notes
Voyager 2
Voyager 2
Spacecraft
Voyager 2
Spacecraft
NASA
Organization
5 August 1981
Date
flyby
Type
success
Status
previously visited Jupiter, went on to visit Uranus and Neptune
Notes
Cassini
Cassini
Spacecraft
Cassini
Spacecraft
NASA/ ESA/ ASI
Organization
1 July 2004 – 15 September 2017
Date
orbiter
Type
success
Status
also performed flybys of a number of Saturn's moons, and deployed the Huygens Titan lander; first spacecraft to orbit Saturn
Notes
Ranked list
Spacecraft
Organization
Date
Type
Status
Notes
Image
Ref
Pioneer 11
NASA
1 September 1979
flyby
success
previously visited Jupiter
1973-019A
Voyager 1
NASA
12 November 1980
flyby
success
previously visited Jupiter
1977-084A
Voyager 2
NASA
5 August 1981
flyby
success
previously visited Jupiter, went on to visit Uranus and Neptune
1977-076A
Cassini
NASA/ ESA/ ASI
1 July 2004 – 15 September 2017
orbiter
success
also performed flybys of a number of Saturn's moons, and deployed the Huygens Titan lander; first spacecraft to orbit Saturn
1997-061A
· Saturn probes › Titan probes
Multi-metric bars
World heat map
Huygens
Huygens
Spacecraft
Huygens
Organization
ESA
Date
14 January 2005
Type
atmospheric probe, lander
Status
success
Notes
deployed by Cassini; first probe to land on a satellite of another planet
Ref
1997-061C
Ranked list
Spacecraft
Organization
Date
Type
Status
Notes
Image
Ref
Huygens
ESA
14 January 2005
atmospheric probe, lander
success
deployed by Cassini; first probe to land on a satellite of another planet
1997-061C
· Uranus probes
Multi-metric bars
World heat map
Voyager 2
Voyager 2
Spacecraft
Voyager 2
Spacecraft
NASA
Organization
24 January 1986
Date
flyby
Type
success
Status
previously visited Jupiter and Saturn; went on to visit Neptune
Notes
Ranked list
Spacecraft
Organization
Date
Type
Status
Notes
Image
Ref
Voyager 2
NASA
24 January 1986
flyby
success
previously visited Jupiter and Saturn; went on to visit Neptune
1977-076A
· Neptune probes
Multi-metric bars
World heat map
Voyager 2
Voyager 2
Spacecraft
Voyager 2
Spacecraft
NASA
Organization
25 August 1989
Date
flyby
Type
success
Status
previously visited Jupiter, Saturn and Uranus
Notes
Ranked list
Spacecraft
Organization
Date
Type
Status
Notes
Image
Ref
Voyager 2
NASA
25 August 1989
flyby
success
previously visited Jupiter, Saturn and Uranus
1977-076A
· Pluto probes
Multi-metric bars
World heat map
New Horizons
New Horizons
Spacecraft
New Horizons
Spacecraft
NASA
Organization
14 July 2015
Date
flyby
Type
success
Status
later flew by Kuiper belt object 486958 Arrokoth when it was 43.4 AU from the Sun.
Notes
Ranked list
Spacecraft
Organization
Date
Type
Status
Notes
Image
Ref
New Horizons
NASA
14 July 2015
flyby
success
later flew by Kuiper belt object 486958 Arrokoth when it was 43.4 AU from the Sun.
2006-001A
· Comet probes
Multi-metric bars
World heat map
21P/Giacobini-Zinner
21P/Giacobini-Zinner
Target
21P/Giacobini-Zinner
Spacecraft
ICE (formerly ISEE3)
Spacecraft
NASA
Organization
11 September 1985
Date
flyby
Type
success
Status
previously solar monitor ISEE3; went on to observe Halley's Comet
minimum distance 596 km; went on to visit comet 26P/Grigg–Skjellerup
1985-056A
1P/Halley
ICE (formerly ISEE3)
NASA
28 March 1986
distant obser-vations
success
minimum distance 32 million km; previously visited comet 21P/Giacobini–Zinner
1978-079A
26P/Grigg–Skjellerup
Giotto
ESA
10 July 1992
flyby
success
previously visited Halley's Comet
1985-056A
45P/Honda–Mrkos–Pajdusakova
Sakigake
ISAS
1996
flyby
failure
contact lost; previously visited Halley's Comet
1985-001A
21P/Giacobini-Zinner
Sakigake
ISAS
1998
flyby
failure
55P/Tempel-Tuttle
Suisei
ISAS
1998
flyby
failure
abandoned due to lack of fuel; previously visited Halley's Comet
1985-073A
21P/Giacobini-Zinner
Suisei
ISAS
1998
flyby
failure
107P/Wilson-Harrington
Deep Space 1
NASA
January 2001
flyby
failure
abandoned due to problems with the star tracker, but was re-tasked to fly by comet 19P/Borrelly
1998-061A
19P/Borrelly
Deep Space 1
NASA
22 September 2001
flyby
success
previously visited asteroid 9969 Braille
1998-061A
2P/Encke
CONTOUR
NASA
2003
flyby
failure
contact lost shortly after launch
2002-034A
81P/Wild
Stardust
NASA
2 January 2004
flyby, sample return
success
sample returned January 2006; also visited asteroid 5535 Annefrank
1999-003A
9P/Tempel
Deep Impact
NASA
July 2005
flyby
success
2005-001A
Impactor
NASA
4 July 2005
impactor
success
73P/Schwassmann-Wachmann
CONTOUR
NASA
2006
flyby
failure
contact lost shortly after launch
2002-034A
6P/d'Arrest
CONTOUR
NASA
2008
flyby
failure
contact lost shortly after launch
2002-034A
103P/Hartley
Deep Impact (redesignated EPOXI)
NASA
4 November 2010
flyby
success
mission extension (target changed from comet Boethin)
2005-001A
9P/Tempel
Stardust (redesignated NExT)
NASA
14 February 2011
flyby
success
mission extension
1999-003A
67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko
Rosetta
ESA
6 August 2014 – 30 September 2016
orbiter
success
flybys of asteroids 2867 Šteins and 21 Lutetia completed; intentionally impacted at end of mission
2004-006A
Philae
ESA
12 November 2014 – 9 July 2015
lander
success
2004-006C
· Kuiper belt probes
Multi-metric bars
World heat map
486958 Arrokoth
486958 Arrokoth
Target
486958 Arrokoth
Spacecraft
New Horizons
Spacecraft
NASA
Organization
1 January 2019
Date
flyby
Type
success
Status
extended mission after Pluto; may flyby another object in 2020s.
Notes
Ranked list
Target
Spacecraft
Organization
Date
Type
Status
Notes
Image
Ref
486958 Arrokoth
New Horizons
NASA
1 January 2019
flyby
success
extended mission after Pluto; may flyby another object in 2020s.
2006-001A
· Probes leaving the Solar System
Multi-metric bars
World heat map
Pioneer 10
Pioneer 10
Spacecraft
Pioneer 10
Organization
NASA
Status
success
Notes
Left Jupiter in December 1973. Mission ended March 1997. Last contact 23 January 2003. Craft now presumed to lack sufficient power for antenna.
Ref
1972-012A
Pioneer 11
Pioneer 11
Spacecraft
Pioneer 11
Organization
NASA
Status
success
Notes
Left Saturn in September 1979. Last contact September 1995. The craft's antenna cannot be maneuvered to point to Earth. Craft now presumed to lack sufficient power for antenna.
Ref
1973-019A
Voyager 1
Voyager 1
Spacecraft
Voyager 1
Organization
NASA
Status
success
Notes
Left Saturn in November 1980. Still in regular contact and transmitting scientific data.
Ref
1977-084A
Voyager 2
Voyager 2
Spacecraft
Voyager 2
Organization
NASA
Status
success
Notes
Left Neptune in August 1989. Still in regular contact and transmitting scientific data.
Ref
1977-076A
New Horizons
New Horizons
Spacecraft
New Horizons
Organization
NASA
Status
success
Notes
Left Pluto 14 July 2015; flew by Kuiper belt object 486958 Arrokoth on 1 January 2019 when it was 43.4 AU from the Sun.
Ref
2006-001A
Ranked list
Spacecraft
Organization
Status
Notes
Image
Ref
Pioneer 10
NASA
success
Left Jupiter in December 1973. Mission ended March 1997. Last contact 23 January 2003. Craft now presumed to lack sufficient power for antenna.
1972-012A
Pioneer 11
NASA
success
Left Saturn in September 1979. Last contact September 1995. The craft's antenna cannot be maneuvered to point to Earth. Craft now presumed to lack sufficient power for antenna.
1973-019A
Voyager 1
NASA
success
Left Saturn in November 1980. Still in regular contact and transmitting scientific data.
1977-084A
Voyager 2
NASA
success
Left Neptune in August 1989. Still in regular contact and transmitting scientific data.
1977-076A
New Horizons
NASA
success
Left Pluto 14 July 2015; flew by Kuiper belt object 486958 Arrokoth on 1 January 2019 when it was 43.4 AU from the Sun.
2006-001A
· Other probes to leave Earth orbit
Multi-metric bars
World heat map
WMAP
WMAP
Spacecraft
WMAP
Organization
NASA
Date
30 June 2001 (launch) –October 2010 (end)
Location
Sun-Earth L2 point
Status
success
Notes
cosmic background radiation observations; sent to graveyard orbit after 9 years of use.
Ref
2001-027A
Spitzer Space Telescope
Spitzer Space Telescope
Spacecraft
Spitzer Space Telescope
Organization
NASA
Date
25 August 2003 (launch) –30 January 2020 (end)
Location
Earth-trailing heliocentric orbit
Status
success
Notes
infrared astronomy
Ref
2003-038A
Kepler
Kepler
Spacecraft
Kepler
Organization
NASA
Date
6 March 2009 (launch) - 2018
Location
Earth-trailing heliocentric orbit
Status
success
Notes
search for extrasolar planets
Ref
2009-011A
Herschel Space Observatory
Herschel Space Observatory
Spacecraft
Herschel Space Observatory
Organization
ESA
Date
14 May 2009 (launch)
Location
Lissajous orbit around Sun-Earth L2 point
Status
success
Notes
study of formation and evolution of galaxies and stars
Ref
2009-026A
Planck
Planck
Spacecraft
Planck
Organization
ESA
Date
14 May 2009 (launch) - 2013
Location
Lissajous orbit around Sun-Earth L2 point
Status
success
Notes
cosmic microwave background observations
Ref
2009-026B
IKAROS
IKAROS
Spacecraft
IKAROS
Organization
JAXA
Date
20 May 2010 (launch)
Location
Earth-Venus transfer heliocentric orbit
Status
operational
Notes
solar sail technology development / interplanetary space exploration
Ref
2010-020E
Shin'en(UNITEC-1)
Shin'en(UNITEC-1)
Spacecraft
Shin'en(UNITEC-1)
Organization
UNISEC
Date
failure
Location
technology development; contact lost shortly after launch
Notes
2010-020F
Chang'e 2
Chang'e 2
Spacecraft
Chang'e 2
Organization
CNSA
Date
25 August 2011 (arrive) –15 April 2012 (end)
Location
Sun-Earth L2 point
Status
success
Notes
Left the point on 15 April 2012, then flew by asteroid 4179 Toutatis
Ref
2010-050A
Gaia
Gaia
Spacecraft
Gaia
Organization
ESA
Date
19 December 2013 (launch)
Location
Lissajous orbit around Sun-Earth L2 point
Status
success
Notes
astrometry mission to measure the position and motion of 1 billion stars
Ref
2013-074A
Shin'en 2
Shin'en 2
Spacecraft
Shin'en 2
Organization
Kyushu Institute of Technology
Date
3 December 2014 (launch)
Location
heliocentric orbit
Status
success
Notes
amateur radio satellite / material demonstration
Ref
2014-076B
ARTSAT2:DESPATCH
ARTSAT2:DESPATCH
Spacecraft
ARTSAT2:DESPATCH
Organization
Tama Art University
Date
success
Location
deep space artwork / amateur radio satellite
Notes
2014-076C
LISA Pathfinder
LISA Pathfinder
Spacecraft
LISA Pathfinder
Organization
ESA
Date
3 December 2015 (launch) –30 June 2017 (end)
Location
Halo orbit around Sun-Earth L1 point
Status
success
Notes
test mission for proposed LISA gravitational wave observatory
Ref
2015-070A
Spektr-RG
Spektr-RG
Spacecraft
Spektr-RG
Organization
Date
13 July 2019 (launch)
Location
Halo orbit around Sun-Earth L2 point
Status
operational
Notes
X-ray astronomy
Ref
2019-040A
Chang'e 5
Chang'e 5
Spacecraft
Chang'e 5
Organization
CNSA
Date
23 November 2020 (launch) -30 August 2021 (left L1)
Location
Halo orbit about Sun-Earth L1 point
Status
success
Notes
test mission post lunar sample return
Ref
2020-087A
James Webb Space Telescope
James Webb Space Telescope
Spacecraft
James Webb Space Telescope
Organization
NASA ESA CSA
Date
25 December 2021 (launch)
Location
Sun-Earth L2 point
Status
in orbit
Notes
infrared astronomy
Ref
2021-130A
ArgoMoon
ArgoMoon
Spacecraft
ArgoMoon
Organization
ASI
Date
16 November 2022 (launch)
Location
High Earth Orbit with Lunar Flybys (heliocentric)
Status
in orbit
Notes
image the ICPS and perform deep space Nanotechnology experiments.
Ref
ARGOMOON
BioSentinel
BioSentinel
Spacecraft
BioSentinel
Organization
NASA
Date
heliocentric orbit
Location
in orbit
Status
it contains yeast cards that will be rehydrated in space, designed to detect, measure, and compare the effects of deep space radiation.
Notes
Team Miles
Team Miles
Spacecraft
Team Miles
Organization
Fluid & Reason
Date
failure
Location
demonstrate low-thrust plasma propulsion in deep space. Deployed, but contact was not established.
Notes
TEAMMILES
CuSP
CuSP
Spacecraft
CuSP
Organization
NASA
Date
16 November 2022
Location
heliocentric orbit
Status
failure
Notes
study particles and magnetic fields.
Ref
CUSP
Euclid
Euclid
Spacecraft
Euclid
Organization
ESA
Date
1 July 2023 (launch)
Location
Halo orbit around Sun-Earth L2 point
Status
enroute
Notes
measure the rate of expansion of the Universe through time to better understand dark energy and dark matter
Chang'e 6
Chang'e 6
Spacecraft
Chang'e 6
Organization
CNSA
Date
3 May 2024 (launch)
Location
Halo orbit about Sun-Earth L2 point
Status
success
Notes
on extended test mission post lunar sample return
Ref
CHANG-E-6
Ranked list
Spacecraft
Organization
Date
Location
Status
Notes
Image
Ref
WMAP
NASA
30 June 2001 (launch) –October 2010 (end)
Sun-Earth L2 point
success
cosmic background radiation observations; sent to graveyard orbit after 9 years of use.
2001-027A
Spitzer Space Telescope
NASA
25 August 2003 (launch) –30 January 2020 (end)
Earth-trailing heliocentric orbit
success
infrared astronomy
2003-038A
Kepler
NASA
6 March 2009 (launch) - 2018
Earth-trailing heliocentric orbit
success
search for extrasolar planets
2009-011A
Herschel Space Observatory
ESA
14 May 2009 (launch)
Lissajous orbit around Sun-Earth L2 point
success
study of formation and evolution of galaxies and stars
2009-026A
Planck
ESA
14 May 2009 (launch) - 2013
Lissajous orbit around Sun-Earth L2 point
success
cosmic microwave background observations
2009-026B
IKAROS
JAXA
20 May 2010 (launch)
Earth-Venus transfer heliocentric orbit
operational
solar sail technology development / interplanetary space exploration
2010-020E
Shin'en(UNITEC-1)
UNISEC
failure
technology development; contact lost shortly after launch
2010-020F
Chang'e 2
CNSA
25 August 2011 (arrive) –15 April 2012 (end)
Sun-Earth L2 point
success
Left the point on 15 April 2012, then flew by asteroid 4179 Toutatis
2010-050A
Gaia
ESA
19 December 2013 (launch)
Lissajous orbit around Sun-Earth L2 point
success
astrometry mission to measure the position and motion of 1 billion stars
2013-074A
Shin'en 2
Kyushu Institute of Technology
3 December 2014 (launch)
heliocentric orbit
success
amateur radio satellite / material demonstration
2014-076B
ARTSAT2:DESPATCH
Tama Art University
success
deep space artwork / amateur radio satellite
2014-076C
LISA Pathfinder
ESA
3 December 2015 (launch) –30 June 2017 (end)
Halo orbit around Sun-Earth L1 point
success
test mission for proposed LISA gravitational wave observatory
2015-070A
Spektr-RG
13 July 2019 (launch)
Halo orbit around Sun-Earth L2 point
operational
X-ray astronomy
2019-040A
Chang'e 5
CNSA
23 November 2020 (launch) -30 August 2021 (left L1)
Halo orbit about Sun-Earth L1 point
success
test mission post lunar sample return
2020-087A
James Webb Space Telescope
NASA ESA CSA
25 December 2021 (launch)
Sun-Earth L2 point
in orbit
infrared astronomy
2021-130A
ArgoMoon
ASI
16 November 2022 (launch)
High Earth Orbit with Lunar Flybys (heliocentric)
in orbit
image the ICPS and perform deep space Nanotechnology experiments.
ARGOMOON
BioSentinel
NASA
heliocentric orbit
in orbit
it contains yeast cards that will be rehydrated in space, designed to detect, measure, and compare the effects of deep space radiation.
BIOSENTNL
Team Miles
Fluid & Reason
failure
demonstrate low-thrust plasma propulsion in deep space. Deployed, but contact was not established.
TEAMMILES
CuSP
NASA
16 November 2022
heliocentric orbit
failure
study particles and magnetic fields.
CUSP
Euclid
ESA
1 July 2023 (launch)
Halo orbit around Sun-Earth L2 point
enroute
measure the rate of expansion of the Universe through time to better understand dark energy and dark matter
