List of Minnesota weather records
Updated: 11/6/2025, 2:05:34 AM Wikipedia source
The following is a list of Minnesota weather records observed at various stations across the state during the Over 160 years. Minnesota is a state in the Upper Midwestern region of the United States. Due to its location in the northern plains of the United States its climate is one of extremes. Minnesota's history of nearly continuous meteorological record keeping stretches back two centuries to 1819 when Fort Snelling was settled. By 1871 the first official government observations were taking place in the Twin Cities and by the late 19th century and early 20th century most statewide stations that exist today were in operation.
Tables
· Temperature › Overall
Highest Temperature
Highest Temperature
Event
Highest Temperature
Measurement
115 °F (46.1 °C)
Date
July 29, 1917
Location
Beardsley
Lowest Temperature
Lowest Temperature
Event
Lowest Temperature
Measurement
−60 °F (−51.1 °C)
Date
February 2, 1996
Location
Tower
Largest single-day change
Largest single-day change
Event
Largest single-day change
Measurement
72 °F (40 °C)
Date
February 2, 1970
Location
Nett Lake
| Event | Measurement | Date | Location |
| Highest Temperature | 115 °F (46.1 °C) | July 29, 1917 | Beardsley |
| Lowest Temperature | −60 °F (−51.1 °C) | February 2, 1996 | Tower |
| Largest single-day change | 72 °F (40 °C) | February 2, 1970 | Nett Lake |
Month
Month
Climate data for Minnesota
Month
Climate data for Minnesota
Jan
Climate data for Minnesota
Feb
Climate data for Minnesota
Mar
Climate data for Minnesota
Apr
Climate data for Minnesota
May
Climate data for Minnesota
Jun
Climate data for Minnesota
Jul
Climate data for Minnesota
Aug
Climate data for Minnesota
Sep
Climate data for Minnesota
Oct
Climate data for Minnesota
Nov
Climate data for Minnesota
Dec
Climate data for Minnesota
Year
Record high °F (°C)
Record high °F (°C)
Climate data for Minnesota
Record high °F (°C)
Climate data for Minnesota
69(21)
Climate data for Minnesota
76(24)
Climate data for Minnesota
88(31)
Climate data for Minnesota
101(38)
Climate data for Minnesota
112(44)
Climate data for Minnesota
110(43)
Climate data for Minnesota
115(46)
Climate data for Minnesota
110(43)
Climate data for Minnesota
111(44)
Climate data for Minnesota
98(37)
Climate data for Minnesota
84(29)
Climate data for Minnesota
74(23)
Climate data for Minnesota
115(46)
Record low °F (°C)
Record low °F (°C)
Climate data for Minnesota
Record low °F (°C)
Climate data for Minnesota
−57(−49)
Climate data for Minnesota
−60(−51)
Climate data for Minnesota
−50(−46)
Climate data for Minnesota
−22(−30)
Climate data for Minnesota
0(−18)
Climate data for Minnesota
15(−9)
Climate data for Minnesota
24(−4)
Climate data for Minnesota
12(−11)
Climate data for Minnesota
10(−12)
Climate data for Minnesota
−16(−27)
Climate data for Minnesota
−47(−44)
Climate data for Minnesota
−57(−49)
Climate data for Minnesota
−60(−51)
[citation needed]
[citation needed]
Climate data for Minnesota
[citation needed]
| Climate data for Minnesota | |||||||||||||
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 69(21) | 76(24) | 88(31) | 101(38) | 112(44) | 110(43) | 115(46) | 110(43) | 111(44) | 98(37) | 84(29) | 74(23) | 115(46) |
| Record low °F (°C) | −57(−49) | −60(−51) | −50(−46) | −22(−30) | 0(−18) | 15(−9) | 24(−4) | 12(−11) | 10(−12) | −16(−27) | −47(−44) | −57(−49) | −60(−51) |
| [citation needed] | |||||||||||||
· Temperature › By month
January
January
Event
January
Highest Temperature
Highest Temperature
Event
Highest Temperature
Measurement
69 °F (20.6 °C)
Date
January 24, 1981
Location
Montevideo
Lowest Temperature
Lowest Temperature
Event
Lowest Temperature
Measurement
−57 °F (−49.4 °C)
Date
January 20, 1869January 24, 1904 January 20, 1996
Location
EmbarrassCohassetTower
February
February
Event
February
Highest Temperature
Highest Temperature
Event
Highest Temperature
Measurement
76 °F (24.4 °C)
Date
February 26, 1896
Location
Pleasant Mound
Lowest Temperature
Lowest Temperature
Event
Lowest Temperature
Measurement
−60 °F (−51.1 °C)
Date
February 2, 1996
Location
Tower
March
March
Event
March
Highest Temperature
Highest Temperature
Event
Highest Temperature
Measurement
88 °F (31.1 °C)
Date
March 23, 1910
Location
Montevideo
Lowest Temperature
Lowest Temperature
Event
Lowest Temperature
Measurement
−50 °F (−45.6 °C)
Date
March 2, 1897
Location
Pine CityCohasset
April
April
Event
April
Highest Temperature
Highest Temperature
Event
Highest Temperature
Measurement
101 °F (38.3 °C)
Date
April 22, 1980
Location
Hawley
Lowest Temperature
Lowest Temperature
Event
Lowest Temperature
Measurement
−22 °F (−30 °C)
Date
April 6, 1979April 6, 1982
Location
KarlstadTower
May
May
Event
May
Highest Temperature
Highest Temperature
Event
Highest Temperature
Measurement
112 °F (44.4 °C)
Date
May 31, 1934
Location
Maple Plain
Lowest Temperature
Lowest Temperature
Event
Lowest Temperature
Measurement
0 °F (−17.8 °C)
Date
May 9, 1916
Location
Grand Rapids
June
June
Event
June
Highest Temperature
Highest Temperature
Event
Highest Temperature
Measurement
110 °F (43.3 °C)
Date
June 29, 1931June 24, 1988
Location
CanbyBrowns Valley
Lowest Temperature
Lowest Temperature
Event
Lowest Temperature
Measurement
15 °F (−9.4 °C)
Date
June 1, 1964
Location
Bigfork
July
July
Event
July
Highest Temperature
Highest Temperature
Event
Highest Temperature
Measurement
115 °F (46.1 °C)
Date
July 29, 1917
Location
Beardsley
Lowest Temperature
Lowest Temperature
Event
Lowest Temperature
Measurement
24 °F (−4.4 °C)
Date
July 7, 1997 and July 13, 2009
Location
Tower and Kelliher
August
August
Event
August
Highest Temperature
Highest Temperature
Event
Highest Temperature
Measurement
110 °F (43.3 °C)
Date
August 10, 1947August 1, 1988
Location
BeardsleyMontevideoMadison
Lowest Temperature
Lowest Temperature
Event
Lowest Temperature
Measurement
12 °F (−11.1 °C)
Date
August 23, 1936
Location
Tower
September
September
Event
September
Highest Temperature
Highest Temperature
Event
Highest Temperature
Measurement
111 °F (43.9 °C)
Date
September 11, 1931
Location
Beardsley
Lowest Temperature
Lowest Temperature
Event
Lowest Temperature
Measurement
10 °F (−12.2 °C)
Date
September 30, 1930September 22, 1974
Location
Big FallsThorhult
October
October
Event
October
Highest Temperature
Highest Temperature
Event
Highest Temperature
Measurement
98 °F (36.7 °C)
Date
October 5, 1963
Location
Beardsley
Lowest Temperature
Lowest Temperature
Event
Lowest Temperature
Measurement
−16 °F (−26.7 °C)
Date
October 26, 1936
Location
Roseau
November
November
Event
November
Highest Temperature
Highest Temperature
Event
Highest Temperature
Measurement
84 °F (28.9 °C)
Date
November 1, 1950November 4, 2020
Location
WinonaGranite Falls
Lowest Temperature
Lowest Temperature
Event
Lowest Temperature
Measurement
−47 °F (−43.9 °C)
Date
November 25, 1945
Location
Pine City
December
December
Event
December
Highest Temperature
Highest Temperature
Event
Highest Temperature
Measurement
74 °F (23.3 °C)
Date
December 9, 1939
Location
Wheaton
Lowest Temperature
Lowest Temperature
Event
Lowest Temperature
Measurement
−57 °F (−49.4 °C)
Date
December 31, 1898
Location
Pine City
| Event | Measurement | Date | Location |
| January | |||
| Highest Temperature | 69 °F (20.6 °C) | January 24, 1981 | Montevideo |
| Lowest Temperature | −57 °F (−49.4 °C) | January 20, 1869January 24, 1904 January 20, 1996 | EmbarrassCohassetTower |
| February | |||
| Highest Temperature | 76 °F (24.4 °C) | February 26, 1896 | Pleasant Mound |
| Lowest Temperature | −60 °F (−51.1 °C) | February 2, 1996 | Tower |
| March | |||
| Highest Temperature | 88 °F (31.1 °C) | March 23, 1910 | Montevideo |
| Lowest Temperature | −50 °F (−45.6 °C) | March 2, 1897 | Pine CityCohasset |
| April | |||
| Highest Temperature | 101 °F (38.3 °C) | April 22, 1980 | Hawley |
| Lowest Temperature | −22 °F (−30 °C) | April 6, 1979April 6, 1982 | KarlstadTower |
| May | |||
| Highest Temperature | 112 °F (44.4 °C) | May 31, 1934 | Maple Plain |
| Lowest Temperature | 0 °F (−17.8 °C) | May 9, 1916 | Grand Rapids |
| June | |||
| Highest Temperature | 110 °F (43.3 °C) | June 29, 1931June 24, 1988 | CanbyBrowns Valley |
| Lowest Temperature | 15 °F (−9.4 °C) | June 1, 1964 | Bigfork |
| July | |||
| Highest Temperature | 115 °F (46.1 °C) | July 29, 1917 | Beardsley |
| Lowest Temperature | 24 °F (−4.4 °C) | July 7, 1997 and July 13, 2009 | Tower and Kelliher |
| August | |||
| Highest Temperature | 110 °F (43.3 °C) | August 10, 1947August 1, 1988 | BeardsleyMontevideoMadison |
| Lowest Temperature | 12 °F (−11.1 °C) | August 23, 1936 | Tower |
| September | |||
| Highest Temperature | 111 °F (43.9 °C) | September 11, 1931 | Beardsley |
| Lowest Temperature | 10 °F (−12.2 °C) | September 30, 1930September 22, 1974 | Big FallsThorhult |
| October | |||
| Highest Temperature | 98 °F (36.7 °C) | October 5, 1963 | Beardsley |
| Lowest Temperature | −16 °F (−26.7 °C) | October 26, 1936 | Roseau |
| November | |||
| Highest Temperature | 84 °F (28.9 °C) | November 1, 1950November 4, 2020 | WinonaGranite Falls |
| Lowest Temperature | −47 °F (−43.9 °C) | November 25, 1945 | Pine City |
| December | |||
| Highest Temperature | 74 °F (23.3 °C) | December 9, 1939 | Wheaton |
| Lowest Temperature | −57 °F (−49.4 °C) | December 31, 1898 | Pine City |
· Precipitation
Most yearly precip (one location)
Most yearly precip (one location)
Event
Most yearly precip (one location)
Measurement
60.21 inches (1,529 mm)
Date
2018
Location
Harmony
Least yearly precip (one location)
Least yearly precip (one location)
Event
Least yearly precip (one location)
Measurement
6.37 inches (162 mm)
Date
1976
Location
Ortonville
Most yearly precip (State average)
Most yearly precip (State average)
Event
Most yearly precip (State average)
Measurement
33.92 inches (862 mm)
Date
1977
Location
Statewide
Longest dry spell
Longest dry spell
Event
Longest dry spell
Measurement
79 days
Date
November 9, 1943 - January 26, 1944
Location
Beardsley, Canby,Marshall, Dawson
| Event | Measurement | Date | Location |
| Most yearly precip (one location) | inches (1,529 mm) | 2018 | Harmony |
| Least yearly precip (one location) | inches (162 mm) | 1976 | Ortonville |
| Most yearly precip (State average) | inches (862 mm) | 1977 | Statewide |
| Longest dry spell | 79 days | November 9, 1943 - January 26, 1944 | Beardsley, Canby,Marshall, Dawson |
· Precipitation › Rain
Most rain in 24 hours
Most rain in 24 hours
Event
Most rain in 24 hours
Measurement
15.10 inches (384 mm)
Date
August 18–19, 2007
Location
Hokah
Most rain in one month
Most rain in one month
Event
Most rain in one month
Measurement
23.86 inches (606 mm)
Date
August 2007
Location
Hokah
| Event | Measurement | Date | Location |
| Most rain in 24 hours | inches (384 mm) | August 18–19, 2007 | Hokah |
| Most rain in one month | inches (606 mm) | August 2007 | Hokah |
· Precipitation › Snow
Earliest recorded snow
Earliest recorded snow
Event
Earliest recorded snow
Measurement
Trace
Date
August 31, 1949
Location
Duluth
Earliest measurable snow
Earliest measurable snow
Event
Earliest measurable snow
Measurement
0.3 inch (1 cm)
Date
September 14, 1964
Location
International Falls
Latest recorded snow
Latest recorded snow
Event
Latest recorded snow
Measurement
1.5 inches (4 cm)
Date
June 4, 1935
Location
Mizpah
Most snow, 24 hours
Most snow, 24 hours
Event
Most snow, 24 hours
Measurement
36 inches (91 cm)
Date
January 7, 1994
Location
Lake County
Most snow, one storm
Most snow, one storm
Event
Most snow, one storm
Measurement
47 inches (119 cm)
Date
January 6–8, 1994
Location
Lake County
Most snow, one month
Most snow, one month
Event
Most snow, one month
Measurement
66 inches (168 cm)
Date
March, 1965
Location
Collegeville
Most snow, season
Most snow, season
Event
Most snow, season
Measurement
170 inches (432 cm)
Date
1949 – 1950
Location
Grand Portage State Park
Deepest snowpack
Deepest snowpack
Event
Deepest snowpack
Measurement
75 inches (191 cm)
Date
March 28, 1950
Location
Pigeon River Bridge
Most fatalities, winter storm
Most fatalities, winter storm
Event
Most fatalities, winter storm
Measurement
up to 200
Date
January 12–13, 1888
Location
Statewide
| Event | Measurement | Date | Location |
| Earliest recorded snow | Trace | August 31, 1949 | Duluth |
| Earliest measurable snow | inch (1 cm) | September 14, 1964 | International Falls |
| Latest recorded snow | inches (4 cm) | June 4, 1935 | Mizpah |
| Most snow, 24 hours | 36 inches (91 cm) | January 7, 1994 | Lake County |
| Most snow, one storm | 47 inches (119 cm) | January 6–8, 1994 | Lake County |
| Most snow, one month | 66 inches (168 cm) | March, 1965 | Collegeville |
| Most snow, season | 170 inches (432 cm) | 1949 – 1950 | Grand Portage State Park |
| Deepest snowpack | 75 inches (191 cm) | March 28, 1950 | Pigeon River Bridge |
| Most fatalities, winter storm | up to 200 | January 12–13, 1888 | Statewide |
· Precipitation › Tornadoes
Most in one day
Most in one day
Event
Most in one day
Event
48
Date
June 17, 2010
Location
Statewide
Most in one month
Most in one month
Event
Most in one month
Event
71
Date
June 2010
Location
Statewide
Most in one year
Most in one year
Event
Most in one year
Event
113
Date
2010
Location
Statewide
Earliest in season
Earliest in season
Event
Earliest in season
Date
March 6, 2017
Location
Faribault County
Earliest outbreak in season (2 or more)
Earliest outbreak in season (2 or more)
Event
Earliest outbreak in season (2 or more)
Event
3
Date
March 6, 2017
Location
Sherburne, Faribault, and Freeborn counties
Latest in season
Latest in season
Event
Latest in season
Date
December 15, 2021
Location
Eyota
Latest outbreak in season (2 or more)
Latest outbreak in season (2 or more)
Event
Latest outbreak in season (2 or more)
Event
22
Date
December 15, 2021
Location
Dodge, Fairbault, Fillmore, Freeborn, Goodhue, Houston, Mower, Steele, Wabasha, and Winona counties
Most fatalities, single tornado
Most fatalities, single tornado
Event
Most fatalities, single tornado
Event
72
Date
April 14, 1886
Location
St. Cloud, Sauk Rapids, Rice
Most intense damage measured
Most intense damage measured
Event
Most intense damage measured
Event
F5
Date
June 13, 1968June 16, 1992
Location
TracyChandler
Longest track(broken path)
Longest track(broken path)
Event
Longest track(broken path)
Event
110 miles (177 km)
Date
August 26, 1977
Location
Otter Tail, Wadena, Cass, Crow Wing counties
Longest track(continuous path)
Longest track(continuous path)
Event
Longest track(continuous path)
Event
67 miles (108 km)
Date
March 29, 1998
Location
Murray, Cottonwood, Brown, Watonwan, Blue Earth, Nicollet counties
Biggest outbreak
Biggest outbreak
Event
Biggest outbreak
Event
48
Date
June 2010 Northern Plains tornado outbreak
Location
Statewide
| Event | Date | Location | |
| Most in one day | 48 | June 17, 2010 | Statewide |
| Most in one month | 71 | June 2010 | Statewide |
| Most in one year | 113 | 2010 | Statewide |
| Earliest in season | March 6, 2017 | Faribault County | |
| Earliest outbreak in season (2 or more) | 3 | March 6, 2017 | Sherburne, Faribault, and Freeborn counties |
| Latest in season | December 15, 2021 | Eyota | |
| Latest outbreak in season (2 or more) | 22 | December 15, 2021 | Dodge, Fairbault, Fillmore, Freeborn, Goodhue, Houston, Mower, Steele, Wabasha, and Winona counties |
| Most fatalities, single tornado | 72 | April 14, 1886 | St. Cloud, Sauk Rapids, Rice |
| Most intense damage measured | F5 | June 13, 1968June 16, 1992 | TracyChandler |
| Longest track(broken path) | 110 miles (177 km) | August 26, 1977 | Otter Tail, Wadena, Cass, Crow Wing counties |
| Longest track(continuous path) | 67 miles (108 km) | March 29, 1998 | Murray, Cottonwood, Brown, Watonwan, Blue Earth, Nicollet counties |
| Biggest outbreak | 48 | June 2010 Northern Plains tornado outbreak | Statewide |
· Precipitation › Hail
Largest hailstone
Largest hailstone
Event
Largest hailstone
Measurement
6 inches (15 cm) dia.
Date
July 4, 1968July 28, 1986
Location
EdgertonReading
| Event | Measurement | Date | Location |
| Largest hailstone | 6 inches (15 cm) dia. | July 4, 1968July 28, 1986 | EdgertonReading |
· Precipitation › Flooding
Middle Fork, Whitewater River
Middle Fork, Whitewater River
Event
Middle Fork, Whitewater River
Highest flood stage
Highest flood stage
Event
Highest flood stage
Measurement
19.24 ft
Date
August 19, 2007
Location
Whitewater State Park
Root River
Root River
Event
Root River
Highest flood stage
Highest flood stage
Event
Highest flood stage
Measurement
18.75 ft
Date
August 19, 2007
Location
Houston
Red River of the North
Red River of the North
Event
Red River of the North
Highest flood stage
Highest flood stage
Event
Highest flood stage
Measurement
40.82 ft
Date
March 28, 2009
Location
Moorhead
Highest flood stage
Highest flood stage
Event
Highest flood stage
Measurement
54.35 ft
Date
April 22, 1997
Location
East Grand Forks
Minnesota River
Minnesota River
Event
Minnesota River
Highest flood stage
Highest flood stage
Event
Highest flood stage
Measurement
23.90 ft
Date
April 6, 1997
Location
Montevideo
Highest flood stage
Highest flood stage
Event
Highest flood stage
Measurement
35.07 ft
Date
April 12, 1965
Location
Jordan
Mississippi River
Mississippi River
Event
Mississippi River
Highest flood stage
Highest flood stage
Event
Highest flood stage
Measurement
26.01 ft
Date
April 16, 1965
Location
St. Paul
Highest flood stage
Highest flood stage
Event
Highest flood stage
Measurement
20.77 ft
Date
April 19, 1965
Location
Winona
| Event | Measurement | Date | Location |
| Middle Fork, Whitewater River | |||
| Highest flood stage | 19.24 ft | August 19, 2007 | Whitewater State Park |
| Root River | |||
| Highest flood stage | 18.75 ft | August 19, 2007 | Houston |
| Red River of the North | |||
| Highest flood stage | 40.82 ft | March 28, 2009 | Moorhead |
| Highest flood stage | 54.35 ft | April 22, 1997 | East Grand Forks |
| Minnesota River | |||
| Highest flood stage | 23.90 ft | April 6, 1997 | Montevideo |
| Highest flood stage | 35.07 ft | April 12, 1965 | Jordan |
| Mississippi River | |||
| Highest flood stage | 26.01 ft | April 16, 1965 | St. Paul |
| Highest flood stage | 20.77 ft | April 19, 1965 | Winona |
· Other records
Highest Pressure
Highest Pressure
Event
Highest Pressure
Measurement
31.11 inHg (1053.5 mb)
Date
January 21, 1922
Location
Collegeville
Lowest Pressure
Lowest Pressure
Event
Lowest Pressure
Measurement
28.21 inHg (956 mb)
Date
October 26, 2010
Location
Bigfork
Highest dew point
Highest dew point
Event
Highest dew point
Measurement
88 °F (31 °C)
Date
July 18, 2011 July 19, 2011
Location
MadisonMoorhead
Highest heat index
Highest heat index
Event
Highest heat index
Measurement
134 °F (57 °C)
Date
July 19, 2011
Location
Moorhead
Lowest wind chill (estimated)
Lowest wind chill (estimated)
Event
Lowest wind chill (estimated)
Measurement
−100 °F (−73 °C)(old formula)−77 °F (−61 °C)(new formula)
Date
January 9–10, 1982 –January 29, 2019
Location
Thief River Falls
Highest wind (sustained)
Highest wind (sustained)
Event
Highest wind (sustained)
Measurement
121 mph (194 km/h)
Date
September 1, 2011
Location
Donaldson
Highest wind (gust)
Highest wind (gust)
Event
Highest wind (gust)
Measurement
180 mph (290 km/h)
Date
August 20, 1904
Location
St. Paul
| Event | Measurement | Date | Location |
| Highest Pressure | inHg (1053.5 mb) | January 21, 1922 | Collegeville |
| Lowest Pressure | inHg (956 mb) | October 26, 2010 | Bigfork |
| Highest dew point | 88 °F (31 °C) | July 18, 2011 July 19, 2011 | MadisonMoorhead |
| Highest heat index | 134 °F (57 °C) | July 19, 2011 | Moorhead |
| Lowest wind chill (estimated) | −100 °F (−73 °C)(old formula)−77 °F (−61 °C)(new formula) | January 9–10, 1982 –January 29, 2019 | Thief River Falls |
| Highest wind (sustained) | 121 mph (194 km/h) | September 1, 2011 | Donaldson |
| Highest wind (gust) | 180 mph (290 km/h) | August 20, 1904 | St. Paul |
References
- Minnesota Weather Almanachttps://archive.org/details/minnesotaweather0000seel
- "History of the NWS in the Twin Cities"http://www.crh.noaa.gov/mpx/history/index.php
- "Minnesota Climate Extremes"https://www.dnr.state.mn.us/climate/summaries_and_publications/extremes.html
- "Minnesota Climate Extremes"https://www.dnr.state.mn.us/climate/summaries_and_publications/extremes.html
- climate.umn.eduhttps://web.archive.org/web/20110109150429/http://climate.umn.edu/doc/journal/warm_wet_2010.htm
- "New 24-hour precipitation record established in Minnesota"http://www.crh.noaa.gov/crnews/display_story.php?wfo=arx&storyid=9840&source=0
- "Monthly Minnesota Rainfall Record Broken"https://web.archive.org/web/20080514085958/http://climate.umn.edu/doc/journal/monthly_rain_record.htm
- "Minnesota Snowfall and Snow Depth Extremes"http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ussc/USSCAppController?action=extremes&state=21
- "Famous Minnesota Winter Storms"https://web.archive.org/web/20090107005538/http://climate.umn.edu/doc/historical/winter_storms.htm
- "Minnesota Tornado History and Statistics"https://web.archive.org/web/20070811154836/http://climate.umn.edu/doc/historical/tornadic.htm
- 2010 datahttps://web.archive.org/web/20110105041657/http://www.crh.noaa.gov/images/mpx/2010torlist.pdf
- "IEM :: PNS from NWS MPX"https://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu/wx/afos/p.php?pil=PNSMPX&e=201703191949
- "Summary of March 06 2017 Severe Weather Outbreak"https://www.weather.gov/mpx/March_06_2017_Severe_Weather_Summary
- "Historic, Unprecedented Storm of December 15-16, 2021"https://www.weather.gov/mpx/HistoricStormDecember2021
- "F5 Tornadoes of the United States"http://www.spc.noaa.gov/faq/tornado/f5torns.html
- The Southern Minnesota Tornadoes of March 29, 1998http://www.crh.noaa.gov/mpx/?n=1998mar29historical
- "NCDC Storm Event Database"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=10052754
- "NCDC Storm Event Database"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=10048076
- "1997 Floods in the Red River of the North and Missouri River Basins in North Dakota and Western Minnesota"https://nd.water.usgs.gov/pubs/ofr/ofr97575/index.html
- "Historic Rainfall and Flooding Event of August 18-20, 2007"http://www.crh.noaa.gov/arx/?n=aug1907
- "RED RIVER OF THE NORTH AT FARGO, ND"https://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/dv/?site_no=05054000&agency_cd=USGS&referred_module=sw
- "RED RIVER OF THE NORTH AT GRAND FORKS, ND"https://web.archive.org/web/20071203174837/http://mn.water.usgs.gov/ann-repts/annrpt97/05082500.pdf
- "MINNESOTA RIVER NEAR MONTEVIDEO, MN"https://web.archive.org/web/20071203174834/http://mn.water.usgs.gov/ann-repts/annrpt00/05311000.2000.sw.pdf
- "MINNESOTA RIVER NEAR ALEXANDRIA, MN"https://web.archive.org/web/20071203174833/http://mn.water.usgs.gov/ann-repts/annrpt00/05330000.2000.sw.pdf
- "MISSISSIPPI RIVER AT ST. PAUL, MN"https://web.archive.org/web/20071203174836/http://mn.water.usgs.gov/ann-repts/annrpt00/05331000.2000.sw.pdf
- "MISSISSIPPI RIVER AT WINONA, MN"https://web.archive.org/web/20071203174835/http://mn.water.usgs.gov/ann-repts/annrpt97/05378500.pdf
- "Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena"http://www.crh.noaa.gov/images/arx/sdata/nov1998.pdf
- "Record Low Pressure Hits Minnesota October 26-27, 2010"https://web.archive.org/web/20101031130258/http://climate.umn.edu/doc/journal/low_pressure_101026.htm
- Star Tribunehttp://www.startribune.com/local/129169613.html