List of Indian states and union territories by literacy rate
Updated: 11/6/2025, 12:50:06 AM Wikipedia source
This article documents the literacy rate of states and union territories of the Republic of India. The Indian national census is a key source for literacy data. However, a national census has not been conducted since 2011 in India, thus other data sources have been used since then as a reference.
Tables
Literacy rates as %age of population aged seven and older · Recent estimates
Total
Total
State/UT
Total
Census 2011
Male
Census 2011
Female
Census 2011
Total
NSC survey (2017)
Male
NSC survey (2017)
Female
NSC survey (2017)
Total
PLFS report (2024)
Male
PLFS report (2024)
Female
India
India
State/UT
India
Census 2011
74.04
Census 2011
82.14
Census 2011
65.46
NSC survey (2017)
77.7
NSC survey (2017)
84.7
NSC survey (2017)
70.3
PLFS report (2024)
80.9
PLFS report (2024)
87.2
PLFS report (2024)
74.6
Andaman and Nicobar Islands .mw- [UT]
Andaman and Nicobar Islands .mw- [UT]
State/UT
Andaman and Nicobar Islands .mw- [UT]
Census 2011
86.63
Census 2011
90.27
Census 2011
82.43
NSC survey (2017)
86.27
NSC survey (2017)
90.11
NSC survey (2017)
81.84
PLFS report (2024)
91.1
PLFS report (2024)
95.0
PLFS report (2024)
87.0
Andhra Pradesh
Andhra Pradesh
State/UT
Andhra Pradesh
Census 2011
67.02
Census 2011
74.88
Census 2011
59.15
NSC survey (2017)
67.40
NSC survey (2017)
80.0
NSC survey (2017)
59.5
PLFS report (2024)
72.6
PLFS report (2024)
78.8
PLFS report (2024)
66.8
Arunachal Pradesh
Arunachal Pradesh
State/UT
Arunachal Pradesh
Census 2011
65.38
Census 2011
72.55
Census 2011
57.70
NSC survey (2017)
66.95
NSC survey (2017)
73.4
NSC survey (2017)
59.50
PLFS report (2024)
84.2
PLFS report (2024)
88.0
PLFS report (2024)
80.3
Assam
Assam
State/UT
Assam
Census 2011
72.19
Census 2011
77.85
Census 2011
66.27
NSC survey (2017)
85.9
NSC survey (2017)
90.1
NSC survey (2017)
81.2
PLFS report (2024)
87.0
PLFS report (2024)
90.3
PLFS report (2024)
83.6
Bihar
Bihar
State/UT
Bihar
Census 2011
61.80
Census 2011
71.20
Census 2011
51.50
NSC survey (2017)
69.70
NSC survey (2017)
84.91
NSC survey (2017)
73.91
PLFS report (2024)
74.3
PLFS report (2024)
82.3
PLFS report (2024)
66.1
Chhattisgarh
Chhattisgarh
State/UT
Chhattisgarh
Census 2011
70.28
Census 2011
80.27
Census 2011
60.24
NSC survey (2017)
77.3
NSC survey (2017)
85.4
NSC survey (2017)
68.8
PLFS report (2024)
78.5
PLFS report (2024)
86.2
PLFS report (2024)
70.6
Chandigarh[UT]
Chandigarh[UT]
State/UT
Chandigarh[UT]
Census 2011
86.05
Census 2011
89.99
Census 2011
81.19
NSC survey (2017)
86.43
NSC survey (2017)
90.54
NSC survey (2017)
81.38
PLFS report (2024)
93.7
PLFS report (2024)
96.4
PLFS report (2024)
90.7
Dadra and Nagar Haveli[UT]
Dadra and Nagar Haveli[UT]
State/UT
Dadra and Nagar Haveli[UT]
Census 2011
76.34
Census 2011
85.17
Census 2011
64.32
NSC survey (2017)
77.65
NSC survey (2017)
86.46
NSC survey (2017)
77.65
PLFS report (2024)
-
PLFS report (2024)
-
PLFS report (2024)
-
Daman and Diu[UT]
Daman and Diu[UT]
State/UT
Daman and Diu[UT]
Census 2011
87.10
Census 2011
91.54
Census 2011
79.55
NSC survey (2017)
87.07
NSC survey (2017)
91.48
NSC survey (2017)
87.07
PLFS report (2024)
-
PLFS report (2024)
-
PLFS report (2024)
-
Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu[UT]
Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu[UT]
State/UT
Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu[UT]
Census 2011
-
Census 2011
-
Census 2011
-
NSC survey (2017)
-
NSC survey (2017)
-
NSC survey (2017)
-
PLFS report (2024)
87.8
PLFS report (2024)
93.6
PLFS report (2024)
80.7
Delhi[UT]
Delhi[UT]
State/UT
Delhi[UT]
Census 2011
86.21
Census 2011
90.94
Census 2011
80.76
NSC survey (2017)
88.70
NSC survey (2017)
82.40
NSC survey (2017)
93.70
PLFS report (2024)
86.9
PLFS report (2024)
91.6
PLFS report (2024)
81.5
Goa
Goa
State/UT
Goa
Census 2011
88.70
Census 2011
92.65
Census 2011
84.66
NSC survey (2017)
87.4
NSC survey (2017)
92.81
NSC survey (2017)
81.84
PLFS report (2024)
93.6
PLFS report (2024)
97.0
PLFS report (2024)
90.0
Gujarat
Gujarat
State/UT
Gujarat
Census 2011
78.03
Census 2011
85.75
Census 2011
69.68
NSC survey (2017)
82.4
NSC survey (2017)
89.5
NSC survey (2017)
74.8
PLFS report (2024)
84.6
PLFS report (2024)
91.2
PLFS report (2024)
77.5
Haryana
Haryana
State/UT
Haryana
Census 2011
75.55
Census 2011
84.06
Census 2011
65.94
NSC survey (2017)
80.4
NSC survey (2017)
88.0
NSC survey (2017)
71.3
PLFS report (2024)
84.8
PLFS report (2024)
91.4
PLFS report (2024)
77.4
Himachal Pradesh
Himachal Pradesh
State/UT
Himachal Pradesh
Census 2011
82.80
Census 2011
89.53
Census 2011
75.93
NSC survey (2017)
86.6
NSC survey (2017)
92.9
NSC survey (2017)
80.5
PLFS report (2024)
88.8
PLFS report (2024)
94.6
PLFS report (2024)
83.1
Jammu and Kashmir[UT]
Jammu and Kashmir[UT]
State/UT
Jammu and Kashmir[UT]
Census 2011
67.16
Census 2011
76.75
Census 2011
56.43
NSC survey (2017)
77.3
NSC survey (2017)
85.7
NSC survey (2017)
68.0
PLFS report (2024)
82.0
PLFS report (2024)
89.6
PLFS report (2024)
73.8
Jharkhand
Jharkhand
State/UT
Jharkhand
Census 2011
66.41
Census 2011
76.84
Census 2011
55.42
NSC survey (2017)
74.3
NSC survey (2017)
83.0
NSC survey (2017)
64.7
PLFS report (2024)
76.7
PLFS report (2024)
82.8
PLFS report (2024)
70.6
Karnataka
Karnataka
State/UT
Karnataka
Census 2011
75.36
Census 2011
82.47
Census 2011
68.08
NSC survey (2017)
77.2
NSC survey (2017)
83.4
NSC survey (2017)
70.5
PLFS report (2024)
82.7
PLFS report (2024)
88.1
PLFS report (2024)
77.3
Kerala
Kerala
State/UT
Kerala
Census 2011
94.00
Census 2011
96.11
Census 2011
91.07
NSC survey (2017)
96.2
NSC survey (2017)
97.4
NSC survey (2017)
95.2
PLFS report (2024)
95.3
PLFS report (2024)
96.7
PLFS report (2024)
94.0
Lakshadweep[UT]
Lakshadweep[UT]
State/UT
Lakshadweep[UT]
Census 2011
91.85
Census 2011
95.56
Census 2011
87.95
NSC survey (2017)
92.28
NSC survey (2017)
96.11
NSC survey (2017)
88.25
PLFS report (2024)
97.3
PLFS report (2024)
99.4
PLFS report (2024)
94.8
Ladakh[UT]
Ladakh[UT]
State/UT
Ladakh[UT]
Census 2011
-
Census 2011
-
Census 2011
-
NSC survey (2017)
-
NSC survey (2017)
-
NSC survey (2017)
-
PLFS report (2024)
81.0
PLFS report (2024)
87.9
PLFS report (2024)
73.1
Madhya Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh
State/UT
Madhya Pradesh
Census 2011
69.32
Census 2011
78.73
Census 2011
59.24
NSC survey (2017)
73.7
NSC survey (2017)
81.2
NSC survey (2017)
65.5
PLFS report (2024)
75.2
PLFS report (2024)
83.1
PLFS report (2024)
67.0
Maharashtra
Maharashtra
State/UT
Maharashtra
Census 2011
82.34
Census 2011
88.38
Census 2011
75.87
NSC survey (2017)
84.8
NSC survey (2017)
90.7
NSC survey (2017)
78.4
PLFS report (2024)
87.3
PLFS report (2024)
92.7
PLFS report (2024)
81.6
Manipur
Manipur
State/UT
Manipur
Census 2011
76.94
Census 2011
83.58
Census 2011
70.26
NSC survey (2017)
79.85
NSC survey (2017)
86.49
NSC survey (2017)
73.17
PLFS report (2024)
92.0
PLFS report (2024)
94.4
PLFS report (2024)
89.7
Meghalaya
Meghalaya
State/UT
Meghalaya
Census 2011
74.43
Census 2011
75.95
Census 2011
72.89
NSC survey (2017)
75.48
NSC survey (2017)
77.17
NSC survey (2017)
73.78
PLFS report (2024)
94.2
PLFS report (2024)
95.1
PLFS report (2024)
93.5
Mizoram
Mizoram
State/UT
Mizoram
Census 2011
91.33
Census 2011
93.35
Census 2011
89.27
NSC survey (2017)
99.01
NSC survey (2017)
93.72
NSC survey (2017)
89.40
PLFS report (2024)
98.2
PLFS report (2024)
99.2
PLFS report (2024)
97.0
Nagaland
Nagaland
State/UT
Nagaland
Census 2011
79.55
Census 2011
82.75
Census 2011
76.11
NSC survey (2017)
80.11
NSC survey (2017)
83.29
NSC survey (2017)
80.11
PLFS report (2024)
95.7
PLFS report (2024)
97.2
PLFS report (2024)
94.1
Odisha
Odisha
State/UT
Odisha
Census 2011
72.87
Census 2011
81.59
Census 2011
64.01
NSC survey (2017)
77.3
NSC survey (2017)
84.0
NSC survey (2017)
70.3
PLFS report (2024)
79.0
PLFS report (2024)
84.9
PLFS report (2024)
73.3
Puducherry[UT]
Puducherry[UT]
State/UT
Puducherry[UT]
Census 2011
85.85
Census 2011
91.26
Census 2011
80.67
NSC survey (2017)
86.55
NSC survey (2017)
92.12
NSC survey (2017)
86.55
PLFS report (2024)
92.7
PLFS report (2024)
96.9
PLFS report (2024)
88.8
Punjab
Punjab
State/UT
Punjab
Census 2011
75.84
Census 2011
80.44
Census 2011
70.73
NSC survey (2017)
83.7
NSC survey (2017)
88.5
NSC survey (2017)
78.5
PLFS report (2024)
83.4
PLFS report (2024)
87.0
PLFS report (2024)
79.8
Rajasthan
Rajasthan
State/UT
Rajasthan
Census 2011
66.11
Census 2011
79.19
Census 2011
52.12
NSC survey (2017)
69.7
NSC survey (2017)
80.8
NSC survey (2017)
57.6
PLFS report (2024)
75.8
PLFS report (2024)
85.9
PLFS report (2024)
65.8
Sikkim
Sikkim
State/UT
Sikkim
Census 2011
81.42
Census 2011
86.55
Census 2011
75.61
NSC survey (2017)
82.2
NSC survey (2017)
87.29
NSC survey (2017)
76.43
PLFS report (2024)
84.7
PLFS report (2024)
89.3
PLFS report (2024)
79.3
Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu
State/UT
Tamil Nadu
Census 2011
80.09
Census 2011
86.77
Census 2011
73.44
NSC survey (2017)
82.9
NSC survey (2017)
87.9
NSC survey (2017)
77.9
PLFS report (2024)
85.5
PLFS report (2024)
90.0
PLFS report (2024)
81.3
Telangana
Telangana
State/UT
Telangana
Census 2011
-
Census 2011
-
Census 2011
-
NSC survey (2017)
72.8
NSC survey (2017)
80.5
NSC survey (2017)
65.1
PLFS report (2024)
76.9
PLFS report (2024)
84.7
PLFS report (2024)
69.4
Tripura
Tripura
State/UT
Tripura
Census 2011
87.22
Census 2011
92.53
Census 2011
82.73
NSC survey (2017)
87.75
NSC survey (2017)
92.18
NSC survey (2017)
83.15
PLFS report (2024)
93.7
PLFS report (2024)
95.7
PLFS report (2024)
91.6
Uttarakhand
Uttarakhand
State/UT
Uttarakhand
Census 2011
78.82
Census 2011
87.40
Census 2011
70.01
NSC survey (2017)
87.6
NSC survey (2017)
94.3
NSC survey (2017)
80.7
PLFS report (2024)
83.8
PLFS report (2024)
90.4
PLFS report (2024)
77.2
Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh
State/UT
Uttar Pradesh
Census 2011
67.68
Census 2011
77.28
Census 2011
57.18
NSC survey (2017)
73.00
NSC survey (2017)
81.8
NSC survey (2017)
63.4
PLFS report (2024)
78.2
PLFS report (2024)
86.0
PLFS report (2024)
70.4
West Bengal
West Bengal
State/UT
West Bengal
Census 2011
76.36
Census 2011
81.69
Census 2011
70.54
NSC survey (2017)
80.50
NSC survey (2017)
84.80
NSC survey (2017)
76.10
PLFS report (2024)
82.6
PLFS report (2024)
85.8
PLFS report (2024)
79.3
| State/UT | Census 2011 | NSC survey (2017) | PLFS report (2024) | ||||||
| Total | Male | Female | Total | Male | Female | Total | Male | Female | |
| India | 74.04 | 82.14 | 65.46 | 77.7 | 84.7 | 70.3 | 80.9 | 87.2 | 74.6 |
| Andaman and Nicobar Islands [UT] | 86.63 | 90.27 | 82.43 | 86.27 | 90.11 | 81.84 | 91.1 | 95.0 | 87.0 |
| Andhra Pradesh | 67.02 | 74.88 | 59.15 | 67.40 | 80.0 | 59.5 | 72.6 | 78.8 | 66.8 |
| Arunachal Pradesh | 65.38 | 72.55 | 57.70 | 66.95 | 73.4 | 59.50 | 84.2 | 88.0 | 80.3 |
| Assam | 72.19 | 77.85 | 66.27 | 85.9 | 90.1 | 81.2 | 87.0 | 90.3 | 83.6 |
| Bihar | 61.80 | 71.20 | 51.50 | 69.70 | 84.91 | 73.91 | 74.3 | 82.3 | 66.1 |
| Chhattisgarh | 70.28 | 80.27 | 60.24 | 77.3 | 85.4 | 68.8 | 78.5 | 86.2 | 70.6 |
| Chandigarh[UT] | 86.05 | 89.99 | 81.19 | 86.43 | 90.54 | 81.38 | 93.7 | 96.4 | 90.7 |
| Dadra and Nagar Haveli[UT] | 76.34 | 85.17 | 64.32 | 77.65 | 86.46 | 77.65 | - | - | - |
| Daman and Diu[UT] | 87.10 | 91.54 | 79.55 | 87.07 | 91.48 | 87.07 | - | - | - |
| Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu[UT] | - | - | - | - | - | - | 87.8 | 93.6 | 80.7 |
| Delhi[UT] | 86.21 | 90.94 | 80.76 | 88.70 | 82.40 | 93.70 | 86.9 | 91.6 | 81.5 |
| Goa | 88.70 | 92.65 | 84.66 | 87.4 | 92.81 | 81.84 | 93.6 | 97.0 | 90.0 |
| Gujarat | 78.03 | 85.75 | 69.68 | 82.4 | 89.5 | 74.8 | 84.6 | 91.2 | 77.5 |
| Haryana | 75.55 | 84.06 | 65.94 | 80.4 | 88.0 | 71.3 | 84.8 | 91.4 | 77.4 |
| Himachal Pradesh | 82.80 | 89.53 | 75.93 | 86.6 | 92.9 | 80.5 | 88.8 | 94.6 | 83.1 |
| Jammu and Kashmir[UT] | 67.16 | 76.75 | 56.43 | 77.3 | 85.7 | 68.0 | 82.0 | 89.6 | 73.8 |
| Jharkhand | 66.41 | 76.84 | 55.42 | 74.3 | 83.0 | 64.7 | 76.7 | 82.8 | 70.6 |
| Karnataka | 75.36 | 82.47 | 68.08 | 77.2 | 83.4 | 70.5 | 82.7 | 88.1 | 77.3 |
| Kerala | 94.00 | 96.11 | 91.07 | 96.2 | 97.4 | 95.2 | 95.3 | 96.7 | 94.0 |
| Lakshadweep[UT] | 91.85 | 95.56 | 87.95 | 92.28 | 96.11 | 88.25 | 97.3 | 99.4 | 94.8 |
| Ladakh[UT] | - | - | - | - | - | - | 81.0 | 87.9 | 73.1 |
| Madhya Pradesh | 69.32 | 78.73 | 59.24 | 73.7 | 81.2 | 65.5 | 75.2 | 83.1 | 67.0 |
| Maharashtra | 82.34 | 88.38 | 75.87 | 84.8 | 90.7 | 78.4 | 87.3 | 92.7 | 81.6 |
| Manipur | 76.94 | 83.58 | 70.26 | 79.85 | 86.49 | 73.17 | 92.0 | 94.4 | 89.7 |
| Meghalaya | 74.43 | 75.95 | 72.89 | 75.48 | 77.17 | 73.78 | 94.2 | 95.1 | 93.5 |
| Mizoram | 91.33 | 93.35 | 89.27 | 99.01 | 93.72 | 89.40 | 98.2 | 99.2 | 97.0 |
| Nagaland | 79.55 | 82.75 | 76.11 | 80.11 | 83.29 | 80.11 | 95.7 | 97.2 | 94.1 |
| Odisha | 72.87 | 81.59 | 64.01 | 77.3 | 84.0 | 70.3 | 79.0 | 84.9 | 73.3 |
| Puducherry[UT] | 85.85 | 91.26 | 80.67 | 86.55 | 92.12 | 86.55 | 92.7 | 96.9 | 88.8 |
| Punjab | 75.84 | 80.44 | 70.73 | 83.7 | 88.5 | 78.5 | 83.4 | 87.0 | 79.8 |
| Rajasthan | 66.11 | 79.19 | 52.12 | 69.7 | 80.8 | 57.6 | 75.8 | 85.9 | 65.8 |
| Sikkim | 81.42 | 86.55 | 75.61 | 82.2 | 87.29 | 76.43 | 84.7 | 89.3 | 79.3 |
| Tamil Nadu | 80.09 | 86.77 | 73.44 | 82.9 | 87.9 | 77.9 | 85.5 | 90.0 | 81.3 |
| Telangana | - | - | - | 72.8 | 80.5 | 65.1 | 76.9 | 84.7 | 69.4 |
| Tripura | 87.22 | 92.53 | 82.73 | 87.75 | 92.18 | 83.15 | 93.7 | 95.7 | 91.6 |
| Uttarakhand | 78.82 | 87.40 | 70.01 | 87.6 | 94.3 | 80.7 | 83.8 | 90.4 | 77.2 |
| Uttar Pradesh | 67.68 | 77.28 | 57.18 | 73.00 | 81.8 | 63.4 | 78.2 | 86.0 | 70.4 |
| West Bengal | 76.36 | 81.69 | 70.54 | 80.50 | 84.80 | 76.10 | 82.6 | 85.8 | 79.3 |
Literacy rate as % of population[5][a][b] · Census
Andaman and Nicobar Islands
Andaman and Nicobar Islands
State/UT
Andaman and Nicobar Islands
1951
30.30
1961
40.07
1971
51.15
1981
63.19
1991
73.02
2001
81.30
2011
86.63
Andhra Pradesh
Andhra Pradesh
State/UT
Andhra Pradesh
1951
-
1961
21.19
1971
24.57
1981
35.66
1991
44.08
2001
60.47
2011
67.02
Arunachal Pradesh
Arunachal Pradesh
State/UT
Arunachal Pradesh
1951
-
1961
7.13
1971
11.29
1981
25.55
1991
41.59
2001
54.34
2011
65.38
Assam
Assam
State/UT
Assam
1951
18.53
1961
32.95
1971
33.94
1981
-
1991
52.89
2001
63.25
2011
72.19
Bihar
Bihar
State/UT
Bihar
1951
13.49
1961
21.95
1971
23.17
1981
32.32
1991
37.49
2001
47.00
2011
61.80
Chandigarh
Chandigarh
State/UT
Chandigarh
1951
-
1961
-
1971
70.43
1981
74.80
1991
77.81
2001
81.94
2011
86.05
Chhattisgarh
Chhattisgarh
State/UT
Chhattisgarh
1951
9.41
1961
18.14
1971
24.08
1981
32.63
1991
42.91
2001
64.66
2011
70.28
Dadra and Nagar Haveli
Dadra and Nagar Haveli
State/UT
Dadra and Nagar Haveli
1951
-
1961
-
1971
18.13
1981
32.90
1991
40.71
2001
57.63
2011
76.24
Daman and Diu
Daman and Diu
State/UT
Daman and Diu
1951
-
1961
-
1971
-
1981
-
1991
71.20
2001
78.18
2011
87.10
Delhi
Delhi
State/UT
Delhi
1951
-
1961
61.95
1971
65.08
1981
71.94
1991
75.29
2001
81.67
2011
86.21
Goa
Goa
State/UT
Goa
1951
23.48
1961
35.41
1971
51.96
1981
65.71
1991
75.51
2001
82.01
2011
88.70
Gujarat
Gujarat
State/UT
Gujarat
1951
21.82
1961
31.47
1971
36.95
1981
44.92
1991
61.29
2001
69.14
2011
78.03
Haryana
Haryana
State/UT
Haryana
1951
-
1961
-
1971
25.71
1981
37.13
1991
55.85
2001
67.91
2011
75.55
Himachal Pradesh
Himachal Pradesh
State/UT
Himachal Pradesh
1951
-
1961
-
1971
-
1981
-
1991
63.86
2001
76.48
2011
82.80
Jammu and Kashmir
Jammu and Kashmir
State/UT
Jammu and Kashmir
1951
-
1961
12.95
1971
21.71
1981
30.64
1991
-
2001
55.52
2011
67.16
Jharkhand
Jharkhand
State/UT
Jharkhand
1951
12.93
1961
21.14
1971
23.87
1981
35.03
1991
41.39
2001
53.56
2011
66.41
Karnataka
Karnataka
State/UT
Karnataka
1951
-
1961
29.80
1971
36.83
1981
46.21
1991
56.04
2001
66.06
2011
75.36
Kerala
Kerala
State/UT
Kerala
1951
47.18
1961
55.08
1971
69.75
1981
78.85
1991
89.81
2001
90.86
2011
94.00
Lakshadweep
Lakshadweep
State/UT
Lakshadweep
1951
15.23
1961
27.15
1971
51.76
1981
68.42
1991
81.78
2001
86.66
2011
91.85
Madhya Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh
State/UT
Madhya Pradesh
1951
13.16
1961
21.41
1971
27.27
1981
38.63
1991
44.67
2001
63.74
2011
69.32
Maharashtra
Maharashtra
State/UT
Maharashtra
1951
27.91
1961
35.08
1971
45.77
1981
57.24
1991
64.87
2001
76.84
2011
82.34
Manipur
Manipur
State/UT
Manipur
1951
12.57
1961
36.04
1971
38.47
1981
49.66
1991
59.89
2001
70.50
2011
76.94
Meghalaya
Meghalaya
State/UT
Meghalaya
1951
-
1961
26.92
1971
29.49
1981
42.05
1991
49.10
2001
62.56
2011
74.43
Mizoram
Mizoram
State/UT
Mizoram
1951
31.14
1961
44.01
1971
53.80
1981
59.88
1991
82.26
2001
88.80
2011
91.33
Nagaland
Nagaland
State/UT
Nagaland
1951
10.52
1961
21.95
1971
33.78
1981
50.28
1991
61.65
2001
66.59
2011
79.55
Odisha
Odisha
State/UT
Odisha
1951
15.80
1961
21.66
1971
26.18
1981
33.62
1991
49.09
2001
63.08
2011
72.87
Puducherry
Puducherry
State/UT
Puducherry
1951
-
1961
43.65
1971
53.38
1981
65.14
1991
74.74
2001
81.24
2011
85.85
Punjab
Punjab
State/UT
Punjab
1951
-
1961
-
1971
34.12
1981
43.37
1991
58.51
2001
69.65
2011
75.84
Rajasthan
Rajasthan
State/UT
Rajasthan
1951
8.5
1961
18.12
1971
22.57
1981
30.11
1991
38.55
2001
60.41
2011
66.11
Sikkim
Sikkim
State/UT
Sikkim
1951
-
1961
-
1971
17.74
1981
34.05
1991
56.94
2001
68.81
2011
81.42
Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu
State/UT
Tamil Nadu
1951
-
1961
36.39
1971
45.40
1981
54.39
1991
62.66
2001
73.45
2011
80.33
Tripura
Tripura
State/UT
Tripura
1951
-
1961
20.24
1971
30.98
1981
50.10
1991
60.44
2001
73.19
2011
87.22
Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh
State/UT
Uttar Pradesh
1951
12.02
1961
20.87
1971
23.99
1981
32.65
1991
40.71
2001
56.27
2011
67.68
Uttarakhand
Uttarakhand
State/UT
Uttarakhand
1951
18.93
1961
18.05
1971
33.26
1981
46.06
1991
57.75
2001
71.62
2011
78.82
West Bengal
West Bengal
State/UT
West Bengal
1951
24.61
1961
34.46
1971
38.86
1981
48.65
1991
57.70
2001
68.64
2011
76.26
India
India
State/UT
India
1951
18.33
1961
28.30
1971
34.45
1981
43.57
1991
52.21
2001
64.84
2011
74.04
| State/UT | 1951 | 1961 | 1971 | 1981 | 1991 | 2001 | 2011 |
| Andaman and Nicobar Islands | 30.30 | 40.07 | 51.15 | 63.19 | 73.02 | 81.30 | 86.63 |
| Andhra Pradesh | - | 21.19 | 24.57 | 35.66 | 44.08 | 60.47 | 67.02 |
| Arunachal Pradesh | - | 7.13 | 11.29 | 25.55 | 41.59 | 54.34 | 65.38 |
| Assam | 18.53 | 32.95 | 33.94 | - | 52.89 | 63.25 | 72.19 |
| Bihar | 13.49 | 21.95 | 23.17 | 32.32 | 37.49 | 47.00 | 61.80 |
| Chandigarh | - | - | 70.43 | 74.80 | 77.81 | 81.94 | 86.05 |
| Chhattisgarh | 9.41 | 18.14 | 24.08 | 32.63 | 42.91 | 64.66 | 70.28 |
| Dadra and Nagar Haveli | - | - | 18.13 | 32.90 | 40.71 | 57.63 | 76.24 |
| Daman and Diu | - | - | - | - | 71.20 | 78.18 | 87.10 |
| Delhi | - | 61.95 | 65.08 | 71.94 | 75.29 | 81.67 | 86.21 |
| Goa | 23.48 | 35.41 | 51.96 | 65.71 | 75.51 | 82.01 | 88.70 |
| Gujarat | 21.82 | 31.47 | 36.95 | 44.92 | 61.29 | 69.14 | 78.03 |
| Haryana | - | - | 25.71 | 37.13 | 55.85 | 67.91 | 75.55 |
| Himachal Pradesh | - | - | - | - | 63.86 | 76.48 | 82.80 |
| Jammu and Kashmir | - | 12.95 | 21.71 | 30.64 | - | 55.52 | 67.16 |
| Jharkhand | 12.93 | 21.14 | 23.87 | 35.03 | 41.39 | 53.56 | 66.41 |
| Karnataka | - | 29.80 | 36.83 | 46.21 | 56.04 | 66.06 | 75.36 |
| Kerala | 47.18 | 55.08 | 69.75 | 78.85 | 89.81 | 90.86 | 94.00 |
| Lakshadweep | 15.23 | 27.15 | 51.76 | 68.42 | 81.78 | 86.66 | 91.85 |
| Madhya Pradesh | 13.16 | 21.41 | 27.27 | 38.63 | 44.67 | 63.74 | 69.32 |
| Maharashtra | 27.91 | 35.08 | 45.77 | 57.24 | 64.87 | 76.84 | 82.34 |
| Manipur | 12.57 | 36.04 | 38.47 | 49.66 | 59.89 | 70.50 | 76.94 |
| Meghalaya | - | 26.92 | 29.49 | 42.05 | 49.10 | 62.56 | 74.43 |
| Mizoram | 31.14 | 44.01 | 53.80 | 59.88 | 82.26 | 88.80 | 91.33 |
| Nagaland | 10.52 | 21.95 | 33.78 | 50.28 | 61.65 | 66.59 | 79.55 |
| Odisha | 15.80 | 21.66 | 26.18 | 33.62 | 49.09 | 63.08 | 72.87 |
| Puducherry | - | 43.65 | 53.38 | 65.14 | 74.74 | 81.24 | 85.85 |
| Punjab | - | - | 34.12 | 43.37 | 58.51 | 69.65 | 75.84 |
| Rajasthan | 8.5 | 18.12 | 22.57 | 30.11 | 38.55 | 60.41 | 66.11 |
| Sikkim | - | - | 17.74 | 34.05 | 56.94 | 68.81 | 81.42 |
| Tamil Nadu | - | 36.39 | 45.40 | 54.39 | 62.66 | 73.45 | 80.33 |
| Tripura | - | 20.24 | 30.98 | 50.10 | 60.44 | 73.19 | 87.22 |
| Uttar Pradesh | 12.02 | 20.87 | 23.99 | 32.65 | 40.71 | 56.27 | 67.68 |
| Uttarakhand | 18.93 | 18.05 | 33.26 | 46.06 | 57.75 | 71.62 | 78.82 |
| West Bengal | 24.61 | 34.46 | 38.86 | 48.65 | 57.70 | 68.64 | 76.26 |
| India | 18.33 | 28.30 | 34.45 | 43.57 | 52.21 | 64.84 | 74.04 |
Literacy rate % (NSO 2018)[6] · Literacy by social group › By caste
Male
Male
Social Group
Male
Rural
Female
Rural
Male
Urban
Female
Urban
Male
Total
Female
Scheduled Tribe
Scheduled Tribe
Social Group
Scheduled Tribe
Rural
75.6
Rural
58.8
Urban
91.3
Urban
79.6
Total
77.5
Total
61.3
Scheduled Caste
Scheduled Caste
Social Group
Scheduled Caste
Rural
78.0
Rural
60.9
Urban
88.4
Urban
75.3
Total
80.3
Total
63.9
Other Backward Class
Other Backward Class
Social Group
Other Backward Class
Rural
81.7
Rural
64.2
Urban
91.1
Urban
80.5
Total
84.4
Total
68.9
Others
Others
Social Group
Others
Rural
87.6
Rural
74.5
Urban
95.0
Urban
88.6
Total
90.8
Total
80.6
India
India
Social Group
India
Rural
81.5
Rural
65.0
Urban
92.2
Urban
82.8
Total
84.7
Total
70.3
| Social Group | Rural | Urban | Total | |||
| Male | Female | Male | Female | Male | Female | |
| Scheduled Tribe | 75.6 | 58.8 | 91.3 | 79.6 | 77.5 | 61.3 |
| Scheduled Caste | 78.0 | 60.9 | 88.4 | 75.3 | 80.3 | 63.9 |
| Other Backward Class | 81.7 | 64.2 | 91.1 | 80.5 | 84.4 | 68.9 |
| Others | 87.6 | 74.5 | 95.0 | 88.6 | 90.8 | 80.6 |
| India | 81.5 | 65.0 | 92.2 | 82.8 | 84.7 | 70.3 |
· Literacy by social group › By religion
Rural
Rural
Religion
Rural
NSO 2018
Urban
NSO 2018
Total
NSO 2018
Rural
NSO 2018
Urban
NSO 2018
Total
Male
Male
Religion
Male
NSO 2018
Female
NSO 2018
Male
NSO 2018
Female
NSO 2018
Male
NSO 2018
Female
NSO 2018
Total
PLFS 2024
Male
PLFS 2024
Female
PLFS 2024
Total
PLFS 2024
Male
PLFS 2024
Female
PLFS 2024
Total
PLFS 2024
Male
PLFS 2024
Female
Hindu
Hindu
Religion
Hindu
NSO 2018
81.8
NSO 2018
64.5
NSO 2018
93.4
NSO 2018
83.8
NSO 2018
85.1
NSO 2018
70.0
PLFS 2024
77.3
PLFS 2024
84.7
PLFS 2024
69.8
PLFS 2024
89.7
PLFS 2024
93.7
PLFS 2024
85.4
PLFS 2024
80.8
PLFS 2024
87.3
PLFS 2024
74.2
Muslim
Muslim
Religion
Muslim
NSO 2018
77.4
NSO 2018
64.8
NSO 2018
85.8
NSO 2018
75.6
NSO 2018
80.6
NSO 2018
68.8
PLFS 2024
77.1
PLFS 2024
83.5
PLFS 2024
70.9
PLFS 2024
83.7
PLFS 2024
87.6
PLFS 2024
79.6
PLFS 2024
79.5
PLFS 2024
85.0
PLFS 2024
74.0
Christian
Christian
Religion
Christian
NSO 2018
84.4
NSO 2018
77.0
NSO 2018
95.5
NSO 2018
91.4
NSO 2018
88.2
NSO 2018
82.2
PLFS 2024
85.8
PLFS 2024
88.0
PLFS 2024
83.6
PLFS 2024
94.5
PLFS 2024
95.9
PLFS 2024
93.2
PLFS 2024
88.9
PLFS 2024
90.8
PLFS 2024
87.1
Sikh
Sikh
Religion
Sikh
NSO 2018
92.7
NSO 2018
96.4
NSO 2018
94.2
NSO 2018
95.3
NSO 2018
88.9
NSO 2018
90.1
PLFS 2024
80.9
PLFS 2024
84.3
PLFS 2024
77.3
PLFS 2024
90.9
PLFS 2024
94.7
PLFS 2024
87.1
PLFS 2024
83.4
PLFS 2024
86.9
PLFS 2024
79.8
India
India
Religion
India
NSO 2018
81.5
NSO 2018
65.0
NSO 2018
92.2
NSO 2018
82.8
NSO 2018
84.7
NSO 2018
70.3
PLFS 2024
77.5
PLFS 2024
84.7
PLFS 2024
70.4
PLFS 2024
88.9
PLFS 2024
92.9
PLFS 2024
84.9
PLFS 2024
80.9
PLFS 2024
87.2
PLFS 2024
74.6
| Religion | NSO 2018 | PLFS 2024 | |||||||||||||
| Rural | Urban | Total | Rural | Urban | Total | ||||||||||
| Male | Female | Male | Female | Male | Female | Total | Male | Female | Total | Male | Female | Total | Male | Female | |
| Hindu | 81.8 | 64.5 | 93.4 | 83.8 | 85.1 | 70.0 | 77.3 | 84.7 | 69.8 | 89.7 | 93.7 | 85.4 | 80.8 | 87.3 | 74.2 |
| Muslim | 77.4 | 64.8 | 85.8 | 75.6 | 80.6 | 68.8 | 77.1 | 83.5 | 70.9 | 83.7 | 87.6 | 79.6 | 79.5 | 85.0 | 74.0 |
| Christian | 84.4 | 77.0 | 95.5 | 91.4 | 88.2 | 82.2 | 85.8 | 88.0 | 83.6 | 94.5 | 95.9 | 93.2 | 88.9 | 90.8 | 87.1 |
| Sikh | 92.7 | 96.4 | 94.2 | 95.3 | 88.9 | 90.1 | 80.9 | 84.3 | 77.3 | 90.9 | 94.7 | 87.1 | 83.4 | 86.9 | 79.8 |
| India | 81.5 | 65.0 | 92.2 | 82.8 | 84.7 | 70.3 | 77.5 | 84.7 | 70.4 | 88.9 | 92.9 | 84.9 | 80.9 | 87.2 | 74.6 |
References
- Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu was formed in 2019 as a union territory after the consolidation of the former u
- The data from before 2019 is from when Jammu and Kashmir was a state. It became a union territory in 2019 and Ladakh was
- Ladakh became a union territory in 2019. Prior to that it was part of Jammu and Kashmir state.
- Telangana was split from Andhra Pradesh in 2014
- Literacy rates for 1951, 1961 and 1971 Censuses relate to population aged five years and above. The rates for the 1981,
- India and Manipur figures exclude those of the three sub-divisions viz., Mao Maram, Paomata and Purul of Senapati distri
- Census 2011, pp. 110–111.
- NSO 2018, pp. 43.
- Key Indicators of Household Social Consumption on Education in India.NSS 75th Round.(July 2017 - June 2018)https://www.thehinducentre.com/resources/article30980071.ece/binary/KI_Education_75th_Final_compressed.pdf#page=68
- Annual Report, Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) (July 2023 – June 2024)https://www.mospi.gov.in/sites/default/files/publication_reports/AnnualReport_PLFS2023-24L2.pdf
- Table 6: State wise Literacy Rateshttps://rbidocs.rbi.org.in/rdocs/Publications/PDFs/6TABLE4134B659E3B243EE9CB292D36ABC281B.PDF
- NSO 2018, pp. 43, 252.
- Annual Report, Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) (July 2023 – June 2024)https://www.mospi.gov.in/sites/default/files/publication_reports/AnnualReport_PLFS2023-24L2.pdf