List of IOC country codes

Updated: 11/5/2025, 10:41:57 AM Wikipedia source

This is a list of International Olympic Committee (IOC) country codes.

Tables

· Current NOCs

mw- AFG

Code

mw- AFG

National Olympic Committee

Afghanistan

ALB

Code

ALB

National Olympic Committee

Albania

ALG

Code

ALG

National Olympic Committee

Algeria

Other codes used

mw- .mw- .mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw- .mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw- .mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw- AGR (1964)AGL (1968 S) from Spanish Argelia

AND

Code

AND

National Olympic Committee

Andorra

ANG

Code

ANG

National Olympic Committee

Angola

Other codes used

ANO (As referenced in IAAF World Championships Beijing 2015 Statistics Handbook)

ANT

Code

ANT

National Olympic Committee

Antigua and Barbuda

ARG

Code

ARG

National Olympic Committee

Argentina

ARM

Code

ARM

National Olympic Committee

Armenia

ARU

Code

ARU

National Olympic Committee

Aruba

ASA

Code

ASA

National Olympic Committee

American Samoa

Other codes used

AMS

AUS

Code

AUS

National Olympic Committee

Australia

AUT

Code

AUT

National Olympic Committee

Austria

Other codes used

current code from French Autriche

AZE

Code

AZE

National Olympic Committee

Azerbaijan

BAH

Code

BAH

National Olympic Committee

Bahamas

BAN

Code

BAN

National Olympic Committee

Bangladesh

BAR

Code

BAR

National Olympic Committee

Barbados

Other codes used

BAD (1964)

BDI

Code

BDI

National Olympic Committee

Burundi

BEL

Code

BEL

National Olympic Committee

Belgium

BEN

Code

BEN

National Olympic Committee

Benin

Other codes used

DAY (1964)DAH (1968–1976) as Dahomey

BER

Code

BER

National Olympic Committee

Bermuda

BHU

Code

BHU

National Olympic Committee

Bhutan

BIH

Code

BIH

National Olympic Committee

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Other codes used

BSH (1992 S), BOS current code from Bosnian Bosna i Hercegovina

BIZ

Code

BIZ

National Olympic Committee

Belize

Other codes used

HBR (1968–1972) from French Honduras britannique as British Honduras; also BHO

BLR

Code

BLR

National Olympic Committee

Belarus

BOL

Code

BOL

National Olympic Committee

Bolivia

BOT

Code

BOT

National Olympic Committee

Botswana

BRA

Code

BRA

National Olympic Committee

Brazil

BRN

Code

BRN

National Olympic Committee

Bahrain

Other codes used

BHR

BRU

Code

BRU

National Olympic Committee

Brunei

BUL

Code

BUL

National Olympic Committee

Bulgaria

BUR

Code

BUR

National Olympic Committee

Burkina Faso

Other codes used

VOL (1972–1984) as Upper Volta; also BKF

CAF

Code

CAF

National Olympic Committee

Central African Republic

Other codes used

AFC (1968)

CAM

Code

CAM

National Olympic Committee

Cambodia

Other codes used

CAB (1964)KHM (1972) as Khmer Republic

CAN

Code

CAN

National Olympic Committee

Canada

CAY

Code

CAY

National Olympic Committee

Cayman Islands

CGO

Code

CGO

National Olympic Committee

Republic of the Congo

CHA

Code

CHA

National Olympic Committee

Chad

Other codes used

CHD (1964)

CHI

Code

CHI

National Olympic Committee

Chile

Other codes used

CIL (1956 W1960 S) from Italian Cile

CHN

Code

CHN

National Olympic Committee

People's Republic of China

Other codes used

PRC (1952 S) as People's Republic of China

CIV

Code

CIV

National Olympic Committee

Ivory Coast

Other codes used

IVC (1964)CML (1968) from Spanish Costa de Marfilcurrent code from French Côte d'Ivoire

CMR

Code

CMR

National Olympic Committee

Cameroon

COD

Code

COD

National Olympic Committee

Democratic Republic of the Congo

Other codes used

COK (1968) as Congo-KinshasaZAI (1972–1996) as Zaire

COK

Code

COK

National Olympic Committee

Cook Islands

Other codes used

CKI

COL

Code

COL

National Olympic Committee

Colombia

COM

Code

COM

National Olympic Committee

Comoros

CPV

Code

CPV

National Olympic Committee

Cape Verde

Other codes used

CVD

CRC

Code

CRC

National Olympic Committee

Costa Rica

Other codes used

COS (1964)

CRO

Code

CRO

National Olympic Committee

Croatia

CUB

Code

CUB

National Olympic Committee

Cuba

CYP

Code

CYP

National Olympic Committee

Cyprus

CZE

Code

CZE

National Olympic Committee

Czechia

DEN

Code

DEN

National Olympic Committee

Denmark

Other codes used

DAN (1960 S1968 W)DIN (1968 S)previous codes taken from Italian Danimarca, French Danemark and Spanish Dinamarca

DJI

Code

DJI

National Olympic Committee

Djibouti

DMA

Code

DMA

National Olympic Committee

Dominica

Other codes used

DMN

DOM

Code

DOM

National Olympic Committee

Dominican Republic

ECU

Code

ECU

National Olympic Committee

Ecuador

EGY

Code

EGY

National Olympic Committee

Egypt

Other codes used

RAU (19601968)UAR (1964) as United Arab Republic previous codes taken from Italian Repubblica Araba Unita, French République Arabe Unie and Spanish República Árabe Unida

ERI

Code

ERI

National Olympic Committee

Eritrea

ESA

Code

ESA

National Olympic Committee

El Salvador

Other codes used

SAL (1964–1976)

ESP

Code

ESP

National Olympic Committee

Spain

Other codes used

SPA (1956–19641968 W)current code taken from French Espagne or Spanish España

EST

Code

EST

National Olympic Committee

Estonia

ETH

Code

ETH

National Olympic Committee

Ethiopia

Other codes used

ETI (19601968)

FIJ

Code

FIJ

National Olympic Committee

Fiji

Other codes used

FIG (1960) from Italian Figi

FIN

Code

FIN

National Olympic Committee

Finland

FRA

Code

FRA

National Olympic Committee

France

FSM

Code

FSM

National Olympic Committee

Federated States of Micronesia

GAB

Code

GAB

National Olympic Committee

Gabon

GAM

Code

GAM

National Olympic Committee

The Gambia

GBR

Code

GBR

National Olympic Committee

Great Britain

Other codes used

GRB (1956 W–1960)GBI (1956 athletics; 1964)

GBS

Code

GBS

National Olympic Committee

Guinea-Bissau

GEO

Code

GEO

National Olympic Committee

Georgia

GEQ

Code

GEQ

National Olympic Committee

Equatorial Guinea

Other codes used

current code taken from French Guinée équatoriale

GER

Code

GER

National Olympic Committee

Germany

GHA

Code

GHA

National Olympic Committee

Ghana

GRE

Code

GRE

National Olympic Committee

Greece

GRN

Code

GRN

National Olympic Committee

Grenada

GUA

Code

GUA

National Olympic Committee

Guatemala

Other codes used

GUT (1964)

GUI

Code

GUI

National Olympic Committee

Guinea

GUM

Code

GUM

National Olympic Committee

Guam

GUY

Code

GUY

National Olympic Committee

Guyana

Other codes used

GUA (1960)GUI (1964) BGU

HAI

Code

HAI

National Olympic Committee

Haiti

HKG

Code

HKG

National Olympic Committee

Hong Kong

Other codes used

HOK (1960–1968)

HON

Code

HON

National Olympic Committee

Honduras

HUN

Code

HUN

National Olympic Committee

Hungary

Other codes used

UNG (1956 W1960 S) from Italian Ungheria

INA

Code

INA

National Olympic Committee

Indonesia

Other codes used

INS (1960)

IND

Code

IND

National Olympic Committee

India

IRI

Code

IRI

National Olympic Committee

Iran

Other codes used

IRN (1956–1988)IRA (1968 W)current code from Islamic Republic of Iran

IRL

Code

IRL

National Olympic Committee

Ireland

Other codes used

current code taken from French Irlande. EIR (1956 athletics; see Ireland at the Olympics § Name of the country)

IRQ

Code

IRQ

National Olympic Committee

Iraq

Other codes used

IRK (19601968) from French/Spanish Irak

ISL

Code

ISL

National Olympic Committee

Iceland

Other codes used

ICE (1960 W1964 S)current code taken from French Islande, Icelandic Ísland or Spanish Islandia

ISR

Code

ISR

National Olympic Committee

Israel

ISV

Code

ISV

National Olympic Committee

Virgin Islands

Other codes used

current code taken from French Îles Vierges (des États-Unis)

ITA

Code

ITA

National Olympic Committee

Italy

IVB

Code

IVB

National Olympic Committee

British Virgin Islands

Other codes used

BVIcurrent code taken from French Îles Vierges britanniques

JAM

Code

JAM

National Olympic Committee

Jamaica

JOR

Code

JOR

National Olympic Committee

Jordan

JPN

Code

JPN

National Olympic Committee

Japan

Other codes used

GIA (1956 W1960 S) from Italian GiapponeJAP (1960 W)

KAZ

Code

KAZ

National Olympic Committee

Kazakhstan

KEN

Code

KEN

National Olympic Committee

Kenya

KGZ

Code

KGZ

National Olympic Committee

Kyrgyzstan

KIR

Code

KIR

National Olympic Committee

Kiribati

KOR

Code

KOR

National Olympic Committee

South Korea

Other codes used

COR (1956 W1960 S1968 S1972 S)previous code taken from Italian Corea, French Corée and Spanish Corea

KOS

Code

KOS

National Olympic Committee

Kosovo

KSA

Code

KSA

National Olympic Committee

Saudi Arabia

Other codes used

ARS (1968–1976) from French Arabie saouditeSAU (1980–1984)current code from Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

KUW

Code

KUW

National Olympic Committee

Kuwait

LAO

Code

LAO

National Olympic Committee

Laos

LAT

Code

LAT

National Olympic Committee

Latvia

LBA

Code

LBA

National Olympic Committee

Libya

Other codes used

LYA (1964)LBY (1968 W)

LBN

Code

LBN

National Olympic Committee

Lebanon

Other codes used

LEB (1960 W1964 S)LIB (1964–2016) from French Liban

LBR

Code

LBR

National Olympic Committee

Liberia

LCA

Code

LCA

National Olympic Committee

Saint Lucia

Other codes used

STL

LES

Code

LES

National Olympic Committee

Lesotho

LIE

Code

LIE

National Olympic Committee

Liechtenstein

Other codes used

LIC (1956 W1964 S1968 W)

LTU

Code

LTU

National Olympic Committee

Lithuania

Other codes used

LIT (1992 W)

LUX

Code

LUX

National Olympic Committee

Luxembourg

MAD

Code

MAD

National Olympic Committee

Madagascar

Other codes used

MAG (1964)

MAR

Code

MAR

National Olympic Committee

Morocco

Other codes used

MRC (1964); current code from French Maroc

MAS

Code

MAS

National Olympic Committee

Malaysia

Other codes used

MAL (1964–1988)

MAW

Code

MAW

National Olympic Committee

Malawi

MDA

Code

MDA

National Olympic Committee

Moldova

Other codes used

MLD (1994)

MDV

Code

MDV

National Olympic Committee

Maldives

MEX

Code

MEX

National Olympic Committee

Mexico

MGL

Code

MGL

National Olympic Committee

Mongolia

Other codes used

MON (1968 W)

MHL

Code

MHL

National Olympic Committee

Marshall Islands

MKD

Code

MKD

National Olympic Committee

North Macedonia

Other codes used

current code taken from Macedonian Македонија/Makedonija

MLI

Code

MLI

National Olympic Committee

Mali

MLT

Code

MLT

National Olympic Committee

Malta

Other codes used

MAT (1960–1964)

MNE

Code

MNE

National Olympic Committee

Montenegro

MON

Code

MON

National Olympic Committee

Monaco

MOZ

Code

MOZ

National Olympic Committee

Mozambique

MRI

Code

MRI

National Olympic Committee

Mauritius

MTN

Code

MTN

National Olympic Committee

Mauritania

MYA

Code

MYA

National Olympic Committee

Myanmar

Other codes used

BIR (1948–19601968–1988) from French BirmanieBUR (1964) as Burma

NAM

Code

NAM

National Olympic Committee

Namibia

NCA

Code

NCA

National Olympic Committee

Nicaragua

Other codes used

NCG (1964)NIC (1968)

NED

Code

NED

National Olympic Committee

Netherlands

Other codes used

OLA (1956 W) from Italian OlandaNET (1960 W)PBA (1960 S) from Italian Paesi BassiNLD (1964 S)HOL (1968–1988) as Hollandcurrent code taken from Dutch Nederland

NEP

Code

NEP

National Olympic Committee

Nepal

NGR

Code

NGR

National Olympic Committee

Nigeria

Other codes used

NIG (1960 S)NGA (1964)

NIG

Code

NIG

National Olympic Committee

Niger

Other codes used

NGR (1964)

NOR

Code

NOR

National Olympic Committee

Norway

NRU

Code

NRU

National Olympic Committee

Nauru

NZL

Code

NZL

National Olympic Committee

New Zealand

Other codes used

NZE (19601968 W)

OMA

Code

OMA

National Olympic Committee

Oman

Other codes used

OMN

PAK

Code

PAK

National Olympic Committee

Pakistan

PAN

Code

PAN

National Olympic Committee

Panama

PAR

Code

PAR

National Olympic Committee

Paraguay

PER

Code

PER

National Olympic Committee

Peru

PHI

Code

PHI

National Olympic Committee

Philippines

Other codes used

FIL (19601968) from Spanish Filipinas and Italian Filippine

PLE

Code

PLE

National Olympic Committee

Palestine

PLW

Code

PLW

National Olympic Committee

Palau

Other codes used

from archaic English Pelew

PNG

Code

PNG

National Olympic Committee

Papua New Guinea

Other codes used

NGY (1976–1980)NGU (1984–1988)

POL

Code

POL

National Olympic Committee

Poland

POR

Code

POR

National Olympic Committee

Portugal

PRK

Code

PRK

National Olympic Committee

North Korea

Other codes used

NKO (1964 S1968 W)CDN (1968) from French Corée du Nord or Spanish Corea del Nortecurrent code from People's Republic of Korea

PUR

Code

PUR

National Olympic Committee

Puerto Rico

Other codes used

PRI (1960)PRO (1968)

QAT

Code

QAT

National Olympic Committee

Qatar

ROU

Code

ROU

National Olympic Committee

Romania

Other codes used

ROM (1956–19601972–2006)RUM (1964–1968) from obsolete spelling Rumaniacurrent code from French Roumanie

RSA

Code

RSA

National Olympic Committee

South Africa

Other codes used

SAF (1960–1972)current code from Republic of South Africa

RUS

Code

RUS

National Olympic Committee

Russia

Other codes used

From 1994 to 2016

RWA

Code

RWA

National Olympic Committee

Rwanda

SAM

Code

SAM

National Olympic Committee

Samoa

Other codes used

WSM (1984–1996) as Western Samoa

SEN

Code

SEN

National Olympic Committee

Senegal

Other codes used

SGL (1964)

SEY

Code

SEY

National Olympic Committee

Seychelles

SGP

Code

SGP

National Olympic Committee

Singapore

Other codes used

SIN (1959–2016)

SKN

Code

SKN

National Olympic Committee

Saint Kitts and Nevis

Other codes used

STK

SLE

Code

SLE

National Olympic Committee

Sierra Leone

Other codes used

SLA (1968)

SLO

Code

SLO

National Olympic Committee

Slovenia

SMR

Code

SMR

National Olympic Committee

San Marino

Other codes used

SMA (1960–1964)

SOL

Code

SOL

National Olympic Committee

Solomon Islands

SOM

Code

SOM

National Olympic Committee

Somalia

SRB

Code

SRB

National Olympic Committee

Serbia

Other codes used

from Serbian Srbija

SRI

Code

SRI

National Olympic Committee

Sri Lanka

Other codes used

CEY (1948–19641972) as CeylonCEI (1968 S) from Spanish Ceilán

SSD

Code

SSD

National Olympic Committee

South Sudan

STP

Code

STP

National Olympic Committee

São Tomé and Príncipe

SUD

Code

SUD

National Olympic Committee

Sudan

SUI

Code

SUI

National Olympic Committee

Switzerland

Other codes used

SVI (1956 W1960 S) from Italian SvizzeraSWI (1960 W1964 S)current code from French Suisse

SUR

Code

SUR

National Olympic Committee

Suriname

SVK

Code

SVK

National Olympic Committee

Slovakia

SWE

Code

SWE

National Olympic Committee

Sweden

Other codes used

SVE (1956 W1960 S) from Italian SveziaSUE (1968 S) from Spanish Suecia

SWZ

Code

SWZ

National Olympic Committee

Eswatini

Other codes used

current code from former name Swaziland

SYR

Code

SYR

National Olympic Committee

Syria

Other codes used

SIR (1968) from Spanish Siria

TAN

Code

TAN

National Olympic Committee

Tanzania

TGA

Code

TGA

National Olympic Committee

Tonga

Other codes used

TON (1984)

THA

Code

THA

National Olympic Committee

Thailand

TJK

Code

TJK

National Olympic Committee

Tajikistan

TKM

Code

TKM

National Olympic Committee

Turkmenistan

TLS

Code

TLS

National Olympic Committee

Timor-Leste

Other codes used

current code taken from Portuguese Timor-Leste

TOG

Code

TOG

National Olympic Committee

Togo

TPE

Code

TPE

National Olympic Committee

Republic of China

Other codes used

RCF (1956–1960) as Republic of China, FormosaTWN (1964–1968) as TaiwanROC (1972–1976) as Republic of China

TTO

Code

TTO

National Olympic Committee

Trinidad and Tobago

Other codes used

TRT (1964–1968)TRI (1972–2012)

TUN

Code

TUN

National Olympic Committee

Tunisia

TUR

Code

TUR

National Olympic Committee

Turkey

TUV

Code

TUV

National Olympic Committee

Tuvalu

UAE

Code

UAE

National Olympic Committee

United Arab Emirates

UGA

Code

UGA

National Olympic Committee

Uganda

UKR

Code

UKR

National Olympic Committee

Ukraine

URU

Code

URU

National Olympic Committee

Uruguay

Other codes used

URG (1968)

USA

Code

USA

National Olympic Committee

United States

Other codes used

SUA (1960 S) from Italian Stati Uniti d'AmericaEUA (1968 S) from French États-Unis d'Amérique or Spanish Estados Unidos de América

UZB

Code

UZB

National Olympic Committee

Uzbekistan

VAN

Code

VAN

National Olympic Committee

Vanuatu

VEN

Code

VEN

National Olympic Committee

Venezuela

VIE

Code

VIE

National Olympic Committee

Vietnam

Other codes used

VET (1964)VNM (1952–1975) as Republic of Vietnam

VIN

Code

VIN

National Olympic Committee

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

Other codes used

STV

YEM

Code

YEM

National Olympic Committee

Yemen

ZAM

Code

ZAM

National Olympic Committee

Zambia

Other codes used

NRH (1964) as Northern Rhodesia

ZIM

Code

ZIM

National Olympic Committee

Zimbabwe

Other codes used

RHO (1960–1972) as Rhodesia

Code	National Olympic Committee	Other codes used	Link
mw- AFG	Afghanistan
ALB	Albania
ALG	Algeria	mw- hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output inline dl,.mw-parser-output inline ol,.mw-parser-output inline ul,.mw-parser-output dl dl,.mw-parser-output dl ol,.mw-parser-output dl ul,.mw-parser-output ol dl,.mw-parser-output ol ol,.mw- .mw- hlist dd:last-child ,.mw- hlist dd dd:first-child ,.mw-parser-output dd dt:first-child ,.mw-parser-output dd li:first-child ,.mw-parser-output dt dd:first-child ,.mw-parser-output dt dt:first-child ,.mw-parser-output dt li:first-child ,.mw-parser-output li dd:first-child ,.mw- hlist dd dd:last-child ,.mw-parser-output dd dt:last-child ,.mw-parser-output dd li:last-child ,.mw-parser-output dt dd:last-child ,.mw-parser-output dt dt:last-child ,.mw-parser-output dt li:last-child ,.mw-parser-output li dd:last-child ,.mw- .mw- hlist dd ol>li:first-child ,.mw- AGR (1964)AGL (1968 S) from Spanish Argelia
AND	Andorra
ANG	Angola	ANO (As referenced in IAAF World Championships Beijing 2015 Statistics Handbook)
ANT	Antigua and Barbuda
ARG	Argentina
ARM	Armenia
ARU	Aruba
ASA	American Samoa	AMS
AUS	Australia
AUT	Austria	current code from French Autriche
AZE	Azerbaijan
BAH	Bahamas
BAN	Bangladesh
BAR	Barbados	BAD (1964)
BDI	Burundi
BEL	Belgium
BEN	Benin	DAY (1964)DAH (1968–1976) as Dahomey
BER	Bermuda
BHU	Bhutan
BIH	Bosnia and Herzegovina	BSH (1992 S), BOS current code from Bosnian Bosna i Hercegovina
BIZ	Belize	HBR (1968–1972) from French Honduras britannique as British Honduras; also BHO
BLR	Belarus
BOL	Bolivia
BOT	Botswana
BRA	Brazil
BRN	Bahrain	BHR
BRU	Brunei
BUL	Bulgaria
BUR	Burkina Faso	VOL (1972–1984) as Upper Volta; also BKF
CAF	Central African Republic	AFC (1968)
CAM	Cambodia	CAB (1964)KHM (1972) as Khmer Republic
CAN	Canada
CAY	Cayman Islands
CGO	Republic of the Congo
CHA	Chad	CHD (1964)
CHI	Chile	CIL (1956 W1960 S) from Italian Cile
CHN	People's Republic of China	PRC (1952 S) as People's Republic of China
CIV	Ivory Coast	IVC (1964)CML (1968) from Spanish Costa de Marfilcurrent code from French Côte d'Ivoire
CMR	Cameroon
COD	Democratic Republic of the Congo	COK (1968) as Congo-KinshasaZAI (1972–1996) as Zaire
COK	Cook Islands	CKI
COL	Colombia
COM	Comoros
CPV	Cape Verde	CVD
CRC	Costa Rica	COS (1964)
CRO	Croatia
CUB	Cuba

· Current NPCs

FRO

Code

FRO

National Paralympic Committee

Faroe Islands

Link

The Faroese Sport Organisation for Disabled

MAC

Code

MAC

National Paralympic Committee

Macau, China

Link

Associação Recreativa dos Deficientes de Macau

Code	National Paralympic Committee	Link
FRO	Faroe Islands	The Faroese Sport Organisation for Disabled
MAC	Macau, China	Associação Recreativa dos Deficientes de Macau

· Historic NOCs and teams › Codes still in use

AHO

Code

AHO

Nation/Team

Netherlands Antilles

Other codes used

ATO (1960)NAN (1964)code from French Antilles hollandaises

ANZ

Code

ANZ

Nation/Team

Australasia

Other codes used

Also AUA

BOH

Code

BOH

Nation/Team

Bohemia

BWI

Code

BWI

Nation/Team

British West Indies

Other codes used

ANT (1960) from Antilles

EUA

Code

EUA

Nation/Team

United Team of Germany

Other codes used

code taken from French Équipe unifiée d'Allemagne

EUN

Code

EUN

Nation/Team

Unified Team

Other codes used

code from the French Équipe unifiée or Spanish Equipo Unificado

FRG

Code

FRG

Nation/Team

West Germany

Other codes used

ALL (1968 W) from French AllemagneALE (1968 S) from Spanish AlemaniaGER (1972–1976)code FRG taken from Federal Republic of Germany

GDR

Code

GDR

Nation/Team

East Germany

Other codes used

ODE (1968 S) from German Ostdeutschlandcode GDR taken from German Democratic Republic

SCG

Code

SCG

Nation/Team

Serbia and Montenegro

Other codes used

code from Serbian Србија и Црна Гора / Srbija i Crna Gora

TCH

Code

TCH

Nation/Team

Czechoslovakia

Other codes used

CSL (1956 W)CZE (1960 W)CSV (1960 S)CZS (1964 S)CHE (1968 S) from Spanish Checoslovaquia code taken from French Tchécoslovaquie

URS

Code

URS

Nation/Team

Soviet Union

Other codes used

SOV (1968 W)code from French Union des républiques socialistes soviétiques (URSS)

VNM

Code

VNM

Nation/Team

South Vietnam

Other codes used

Code of the State of Vietnam and then Republic of Vietnam from 1952 to 1975.

YUG

Code

YUG

Nation/Team

Yugoslavia

Other codes used

JUG (1956–19601968 W) from Југославија/Jugoslavija in native languagesYUS (1964 S)

Code	Nation/Team	Other codes used
AHO	Netherlands Antilles	ATO (1960)NAN (1964)code from French Antilles hollandaises
ANZ	Australasia	Also AUA
BOH	Bohemia
BWI	British West Indies	ANT (1960) from Antilles
EUA	United Team of Germany	code taken from French Équipe unifiée d'Allemagne
EUN	Unified Team	code from the French Équipe unifiée or Spanish Equipo Unificado
FRG	West Germany	ALL (1968 W) from French AllemagneALE (1968 S) from Spanish AlemaniaGER (1972–1976)code FRG taken from Federal Republic of Germany
GDR	East Germany	ODE (1968 S) from German Ostdeutschlandcode GDR taken from German Democratic Republic
SCG	Serbia and Montenegro	code from Serbian Србија и Црна Гора / Srbija i Crna Gora
TCH	Czechoslovakia	CSL (1956 W)CZE (1960 W)CSV (1960 S)CZS (1964 S)CHE (1968 S) from Spanish Checoslovaquia code taken from French Tchécoslovaquie
URS	Soviet Union	SOV (1968 W)code from French Union des républiques socialistes soviétiques (URSS)
VNM	South Vietnam	Code of the State of Vietnam and then Republic of Vietnam from 1952 to 1975.
YUG	Yugoslavia	JUG (1956–19601968 W) from Југославија/Jugoslavija in native languagesYUS (1964 S)

· Historic NOCs and teams › Obsolete codes

BIR

Code

BIR

Nation (NOC)

BurmaFrom French Birmanie

Years

1948–1988

Notes

Now Myanmar (MYA)

CEY

Code

CEY

Nation (NOC)

Ceylon

Years

1948–1972

Notes

Now Sri Lanka (SRI)

DAH

Code

DAH

Nation (NOC)

Dahomey

Years

1964–1976

Notes

Now Benin (BEN)

GUI

Code

GUI

Nation (NOC)

British Guiana

Years

1948–1964

Notes

Now Guyana (GUY). The code former GUI has been reassigned to Guinea (GUI) in 1965 when its new NOC was recognized by the IOC and used publicly in their first competed games in 1968. All formerly known by BGU

HBR

Code

HBR

Nation (NOC)

British HondurasFrom French Honduras britannique

Years

1968–1972

Notes

Now Belize (BIZ)

IHO

Code

IHO

Nation (NOC)

Dutch East Indiescode from French Indes orientales hollandaises

Years

1934–1938

Notes

Now Indonesia (INA)

KHM

Code

KHM

Nation (NOC)

Khmer RepublicFrom French République khmère

Years

1972

Notes

Now Cambodia (CAM)

MAL

Code

MAL

Nation (NOC)

MalayaFrom French Malaisie

Years

1956–1960

Notes

Competed independently before the formation of Malaysia in 1963. Now Malaysia (MAS)

NBO

Code

NBO

Nation (NOC)

North Borneo

Years

1956

NRH

Code

NRH

Nation (NOC)

Northern Rhodesia

Years

1964

Notes

Now Zambia (ZAM)

RAU

Code

RAU

Nation (NOC)

United Arab Republiccode from French République arabe unie

Years

1960

Notes

Now Egypt (EGY) and Syria (SYR)

RHO

Code

RHO

Nation (NOC)

Rhodesiaalso Southern Rhodesia and Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland until it became Zimbabwe in 1980

Years

1960–1972

Notes

Now Zimbabwe (ZIM)

ROC

Code

ROC

Nation (NOC)

Republic of China

Years

1932–1976

Notes

Medal winners from 1948 and earlier display as Republic of China (ROC), while medal winners from after 1948 display as Chinese Taipei (TPE) under which the team now competes.

RU1

Code

RU1

Nation (NOC)

Russian Empire

Years

19001908–1912

Notes

Now Russia (RUS)

SAA

Code

SAA

Nation (NOC)

Saar

Years

1952

Notes

Competed independently before rejoining West Germany (FRG) in 1957

UAR

Code

UAR

Nation (NOC)

United Arab Republic

Years

1964–1968

Notes

Now Egypt (EGY)

VOL

Code

VOL

Nation (NOC)

Upper Volta

Years

1972–1984

Notes

Now Burkina Faso (BUR)

WSM

Code

WSM

Nation (NOC)

Western Samoa

Years

1984–1996

Notes

Now Samoa (SAM)

YAR

Code

YAR

Nation (NOC)

North Yemencode from Yemen Arab Republic

Years

1984–1988

Notes

Competed independently before Yemeni unification in 1990.Now Yemen (YEM)

YMD

Code

YMD

Nation (NOC)

South Yemencode from Yemen Democratic Republic

Years

1988

ZAI

Code

ZAI

Nation (NOC)

ZaireFrom French Zaïre

Years

1972–1996

Notes

Now Democratic Republic of the Congo (COD)

Code	Nation (NOC)	Years	Notes
BIR	BurmaFrom French Birmanie	1948–1988	Now Myanmar (MYA)
CEY	Ceylon	1948–1972	Now Sri Lanka (SRI)
DAH	Dahomey	1964–1976	Now Benin (BEN)
GUI	British Guiana	1948–1964	Now Guyana (GUY). The code former GUI has been reassigned to Guinea (GUI) in 1965 when its new NOC was recognized by the IOC and used publicly in their first competed games in 1968. All formerly known by BGU
HBR	British HondurasFrom French Honduras britannique	1968–1972	Now Belize (BIZ)
IHO	Dutch East Indiescode from French Indes orientales hollandaises	1934–1938	Now Indonesia (INA)
KHM	Khmer RepublicFrom French République khmère	1972	Now Cambodia (CAM)
MAL	MalayaFrom French Malaisie	1956–1960	Competed independently before the formation of Malaysia in 1963. Now Malaysia (MAS)
NBO	North Borneo	1956
NRH	Northern Rhodesia	1964	Now Zambia (ZAM)
RAU	United Arab Republiccode from French République arabe unie	1960	Now Egypt (EGY) and Syria (SYR)
RHO	Rhodesiaalso Southern Rhodesia and Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland until it became Zimbabwe in 1980	1960–1972	Now Zimbabwe (ZIM)
ROC	Republic of China	1932–1976	Medal winners from 1948 and earlier display as Republic of China (ROC), while medal winners from after 1948 display as Chinese Taipei (TPE) under which the team now competes.
RU1	Russian Empire	19001908–1912	Now Russia (RUS)
SAA	Saar	1952	Competed independently before rejoining West Germany (FRG) in 1957
UAR	United Arab Republic	1964–1968	Now Egypt (EGY)
VOL	Upper Volta	1972–1984	Now Burkina Faso (BUR)
WSM	Western Samoa	1984–1996	Now Samoa (SAM)
YAR	North Yemencode from Yemen Arab Republic	1984–1988	Competed independently before Yemeni unification in 1990.Now Yemen (YEM)
YMD	South Yemencode from Yemen Democratic Republic	1988
ZAI	ZaireFrom French Zaïre	1972–1996	Now Democratic Republic of the Congo (COD)

· Special codes for Olympics

AIN

Code

AIN

Nation/team

Individual Neutral Athletesfrom French Athlètes Individuels Neutres

Years

2024

Notes

Used for Russian and Belarusian athletes competing as neutrals due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine.The delegation will use a flag and a one-off instrumental anthem assigned by the IOC.

ANZ

Code

ANZ

Nation/team

Australasia

Years

1908–1912

Notes

Used in the IOC's medal database to identify the team from Australasia, composed of athletes from both Australia and New Zealand for the 1908 and 1912 Games.Both nations competed separately by 1920.

COR

Code

COR

Nation/team

Koreafrom French Corée

Years

2018

Notes

Used for the unified Korean women's ice hockey team at the 2018 Winter Olympics.

EOR

Code

EOR

Nation/team

Refugee Olympic Teamfrom French Équipe olympique des réfugiés

Years

2016–2024

Notes

Used for the Refugee Olympic Team, for athletes who have been displaced from their home countries. The IOC code was changed from ROT which was used in 2016.

EUA

Code

EUA

Nation/team

United Team of Germanyfrom French Équipe unifiée d'Allemagne

Years

1956–1964

Notes

Used in the IOC's medal database to identify the United Team of Germany, composed of athletes representing the NOCs of both East Germany and West Germany for the 1956–1964 Games.The team was simply known as Germany in the official reports for those six games at the time.

EUN

Code

EUN

Nation/team

Unified Teamfrom French Équipe unifiée

Years

1992

Notes

Used in 1992 (both Summer and Winter Games) for the Unified Team, composed of athletes from most of the former Soviet republics that chose to compete as a unified team.Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania entered separately in 1992, whereas Russia and eleven other post-Soviet nations competed independently for the first time in 1994 or 1996.

IOP

Code

IOP

Nation/team

Independent Olympic Participants

Years

19922014

Notes

Used for independent Olympic participants at the 1992 Summer Olympics as a designation used for athletes from FR Yugoslavia who could not compete as a team due to United Nations sanctions.At the 1992 Summer Olympics IOP was used as a designation for athletes from the Republic of Macedonia too.IOP was also used during the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi by Indian athletes due to the Indian Olympic Association suspension.

IOA

Code

IOA

Nation/team

Independent Olympic Athletes

Years

200020122016

Notes

Used for Individual Olympic Athletes in 2000, a designation used for athletes from Timor-Leste before the formation of its NOC.IOA was used again in the 2012 Games, when it stood for Independent Olympic Athletes, comprising athletes from the former Netherlands Antilles and a runner from South Sudan.The Netherlands Antilles Olympic Committee's membership from the IOC was withdrawn the previous year, and South Sudan had not yet formed an NOC at the time.IOA was used again in 2016 for athletes from Kuwait as a result of the suspension of its National Olympic Committee.

IOC

Code

IOC

Nation/team

Athletes from Kuwait

Years

2010–2012

Notes

Used as the country code for Athletes from Kuwait, when the Kuwait Olympic Committee was suspended the first time, at the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics, the 2010 Asian Games and the 2011 Asian Winter Games;for the second suspension in 2015–2017, athletes from Kuwait were also competing in several international competitions under the IOC flag, but this time in the team of Individual Olympic Athletes (IOA), including (but not only) in the 2016 Summer Olympics.

MIX

Code

MIX

Nation/team

Mixed-NOCs

Years

2010–

Notes

Used as the country code for Mixed NOCs at the Youth Olympics.

OAR

Code

OAR

Nation/team

Olympic Athletes from Russia

Years

2018

Notes

Used for Olympic Athletes from Russia competing as neutral athletes due to the state-sponsored doping scandal.

ROC

Code

ROC

Nation/team

ROCfrom the abbreviation for Russian Olympic Committee

Years

2020–2022

Notes

Used for Russian Olympic Committee athletes at the 2020 Summer Olympics and 2022 Winter Olympics following the sanctions due to the state-sponsored doping scandal.The delegation used a flag depicting the logo of the Russian Olympic Committee.

XXB

Code

XXB

Nation/team

Mixed team

Years

1896–1904

Notes

Used in the IOC's medal database to identify medals won by mixed teams of athletes from multiple nations (such as the combination of France and Great Britain), a situation that happened several times in the Games of 1896, 1900, and 1904. Until 2021, the IOC used the code ZZX for mixed teams. In 2021, the code was changed to MIX, matching the code for mixed teams at the Youth Olympics. In 2024, the code was changed to XXB.

Code	Nation/team	Years	Notes
AIN	Individual Neutral Athletesfrom French Athlètes Individuels Neutres	2024	Used for Russian and Belarusian athletes competing as neutrals due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine.The delegation will use a flag and a one-off instrumental anthem assigned by the IOC.
ANZ	Australasia	1908–1912	Used in the IOC's medal database to identify the team from Australasia, composed of athletes from both Australia and New Zealand for the 1908 and 1912 Games.Both nations competed separately by 1920.
COR	Koreafrom French Corée	2018	Used for the unified Korean women's ice hockey team at the 2018 Winter Olympics.
EOR	Refugee Olympic Teamfrom French Équipe olympique des réfugiés	2016–2024	Used for the Refugee Olympic Team, for athletes who have been displaced from their home countries. The IOC code was changed from ROT which was used in 2016.
EUA	United Team of Germanyfrom French Équipe unifiée d'Allemagne	1956–1964	Used in the IOC's medal database to identify the United Team of Germany, composed of athletes representing the NOCs of both East Germany and West Germany for the 1956–1964 Games.The team was simply known as Germany in the official reports for those six games at the time.
EUN	Unified Teamfrom French Équipe unifiée	1992	Used in 1992 (both Summer and Winter Games) for the Unified Team, composed of athletes from most of the former Soviet republics that chose to compete as a unified team.Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania entered separately in 1992, whereas Russia and eleven other post-Soviet nations competed independently for the first time in 1994 or 1996.
IOP	Independent Olympic Participants	19922014	Used for independent Olympic participants at the 1992 Summer Olympics as a designation used for athletes from FR Yugoslavia who could not compete as a team due to United Nations sanctions.At the 1992 Summer Olympics IOP was used as a designation for athletes from the Republic of Macedonia too.IOP was also used during the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi by Indian athletes due to the Indian Olympic Association suspension.
IOA	Independent Olympic Athletes	200020122016	Used for Individual Olympic Athletes in 2000, a designation used for athletes from Timor-Leste before the formation of its NOC.IOA was used again in the 2012 Games, when it stood for Independent Olympic Athletes, comprising athletes from the former Netherlands Antilles and a runner from South Sudan.The Netherlands Antilles Olympic Committee's membership from the IOC was withdrawn the previous year, and South Sudan had not yet formed an NOC at the time.IOA was used again in 2016 for athletes from Kuwait as a result of the suspension of its National Olympic Committee.
IOC	Athletes from Kuwait	2010–2012	Used as the country code for Athletes from Kuwait, when the Kuwait Olympic Committee was suspended the first time, at the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics, the 2010 Asian Games and the 2011 Asian Winter Games;for the second suspension in 2015–2017, athletes from Kuwait were also competing in several international competitions under the IOC flag, but this time in the team of Individual Olympic Athletes (IOA), including (but not only) in the 2016 Summer Olympics.
MIX	Mixed-NOCs	2010–	Used as the country code for Mixed NOCs at the Youth Olympics.
OAR	Olympic Athletes from Russia	2018	Used for Olympic Athletes from Russia competing as neutral athletes due to the state-sponsored doping scandal.
ROC	ROCfrom the abbreviation for Russian Olympic Committee	2020–2022	Used for Russian Olympic Committee athletes at the 2020 Summer Olympics and 2022 Winter Olympics following the sanctions due to the state-sponsored doping scandal.The delegation used a flag depicting the logo of the Russian Olympic Committee.
XXB	Mixed team	1896–1904	Used in the IOC's medal database to identify medals won by mixed teams of athletes from multiple nations (such as the combination of France and Great Britain), a situation that happened several times in the Games of 1896, 1900, and 1904. Until 2021, the IOC used the code ZZX for mixed teams. In 2021, the code was changed to MIX, matching the code for mixed teams at the Youth Olympics. In 2024, the code was changed to XXB.

· Special codes for Paralympics

IPP

Code

IPP

Nation/Team

Independent Paralympic Participants

Years

1992

Notes

Used for Independent Paralympic Participants at the 1992 Summer Paralympics as a designation used for athletes from FR Yugoslavia and Former Yugoslavian Republic of Macedonia who could not compete as a team due to United Nations sanctions.

IPA

Code

IPA

Nation/Team

Individual Paralympic Athletes

Years

2000

Notes

De facto independent East Timor was not yet recognised as a sovereign state, and did not have a recognised National Paralympic Committee.Two athletes from the country gained the opportunity to in the 2000 Summer Paralympics in Sydney, but they competed officially as Individual Paralympic Athletes, rather than as representatives of an NPC.

IPA

Code

IPA

Nation/Team

Independent Paralympic Athletes

Years

2016

Notes

A team consisting of refugee and asylee Paralympic athletes competed at the 2016 Summer Paralympics in Rio de Janeiro as Independent Paralympic Athletes.

NPA

Code

NPA

Nation/Team

Neutral Paralympic Athletes

Years

20182024

Notes

Used in 2018 for Russian athletes competing as neutral athletes due to the state-sponsored doping scandal.Was to be used in 2022 for Russian athletes competing as neutral athletes due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine, however the Russian athletes were ultimately banned before the start of the 2022 Games.Used again in the 2024 Summer Paralympics for both Russian and Belarusian athletes.In 2024, the designation was banned from using the Paralympic flag and instead used a white flag with black letters displaying "NPA" (but still used the Paralympic Anthem).

PNA

Code

PNA

Nation/Team

Paralympic Neutral Athletes

Years

–

Notes

Was to be used for Belarusian athletes competing as neutral athletes due to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, however the Belarusian athletes were ultimately banned before the start of the 2022 Winter Paralympics and the code was not used.

RPC

Code

RPC

Nation/Team

RPCfrom the abbreviation for Russian Paralympic Committee

Years

2020

Notes

Used for Russian Paralympic Committee athletes at the 2020 Summer Paralympics following the sanctions due to the state-sponsored doping scandal.The delegation used a flag with an altered emblem of the Russian Paralympic Committee (the original emblem being banned due to containing the flag of Russia).Was to be used in 2022 as well, however the Russian athletes were ultimately banned due to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.

RPT

Code

RPT

Nation/Team

Refugee Paralympic Team

Years

20202024

Notes

The team represents the estimated 82 million people around the world who are refugees, and the 12 million of which have disabilities per UNHCR estimate.

Code	Nation/Team	Years	Notes
IPP	Independent Paralympic Participants	1992	Used for Independent Paralympic Participants at the 1992 Summer Paralympics as a designation used for athletes from FR Yugoslavia and Former Yugoslavian Republic of Macedonia who could not compete as a team due to United Nations sanctions.
IPA	Individual Paralympic Athletes	2000	De facto independent East Timor was not yet recognised as a sovereign state, and did not have a recognised National Paralympic Committee.Two athletes from the country gained the opportunity to in the 2000 Summer Paralympics in Sydney, but they competed officially as Individual Paralympic Athletes, rather than as representatives of an NPC.
IPA	Independent Paralympic Athletes	2016	A team consisting of refugee and asylee Paralympic athletes competed at the 2016 Summer Paralympics in Rio de Janeiro as Independent Paralympic Athletes.
NPA	Neutral Paralympic Athletes	20182024	Used in 2018 for Russian athletes competing as neutral athletes due to the state-sponsored doping scandal.Was to be used in 2022 for Russian athletes competing as neutral athletes due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine, however the Russian athletes were ultimately banned before the start of the 2022 Games.Used again in the 2024 Summer Paralympics for both Russian and Belarusian athletes.In 2024, the designation was banned from using the Paralympic flag and instead used a white flag with black letters displaying "NPA" (but still used the Paralympic Anthem).
PNA	Paralympic Neutral Athletes	–	Was to be used for Belarusian athletes competing as neutral athletes due to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, however the Belarusian athletes were ultimately banned before the start of the 2022 Winter Paralympics and the code was not used.
RPC	RPCfrom the abbreviation for Russian Paralympic Committee	2020	Used for Russian Paralympic Committee athletes at the 2020 Summer Paralympics following the sanctions due to the state-sponsored doping scandal.The delegation used a flag with an altered emblem of the Russian Paralympic Committee (the original emblem being banned due to containing the flag of Russia).Was to be used in 2022 as well, however the Russian athletes were ultimately banned due to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.
RPT	Refugee Paralympic Team	20202024	The team represents the estimated 82 million people around the world who are refugees, and the 12 million of which have disabilities per UNHCR estimate.

· Special codes for World Games

HNL

Code

HNL

Nation/Team

Haudenosaunee

Years

2022

Notes

The Haudenosaunee (also known as the Iroquois), who invented the sport of lacrosse and which has spiritual significance to them, were initially denied a spot to compete at the 2022 World Games, despite the Haudenosaunee national team's placement at the 2018 World Lacrosse Championship, due to not having a recognized NOC and issues concerning other countries recognizing sovereignty; they were given a spot to compete after Ireland agreed to drop out of competition in a show of solidarity.

Code	Nation/Team	Years	Notes
HNL	Haudenosaunee	2022	The Haudenosaunee (also known as the Iroquois), who invented the sport of lacrosse and which has spiritual significance to them, were initially denied a spot to compete at the 2022 World Games, despite the Haudenosaunee national team's placement at the 2018 World Lacrosse Championship, due to not having a recognized NOC and issues concerning other countries recognizing sovereignty; they were given a spot to compete after Ireland agreed to drop out of competition in a show of solidarity.

References

Barbados did not send a delegation to the 1964 Summer Olympics, but is nevertheless listed as a participant with an offi
ZZX is visible in the page HTML for the mixed team's flag.
Iaaf-ebooks.s3.amazonaws.com
http://iaaf-ebooks.s3.amazonaws.com/2015/Beijing-2015-Statistics-Handbook/projet/IAAF-World-Championships-Beijing-2015.pdf
"Official Report 1964 v.2-page 9"
https://digital.la84.org/digital/collection/p17103coll8/id/26521/rec/29
The People's Republic of China uses the name China in some sports competitions.
Chinese Olympic Committee
China at the Olympics
Journal of War & Culture Studies
https://pure.ulster.ac.uk/ws/portalfiles/portal/87390531/Final_Paper.pdf
The Republic of China uses the name Chinese Taipei in some sports competitions
Chinese Taipei Olympic Committee
Republic of China at the Olympics
Chinese Taipei at the Olympics
"Olympic Medal Winners"
http://www.olympic.org/uk/athletes/results/search_r_uk.asp
Olympic.org
https://olympics.com/en/olympic-games/munich-1972/results/shooting/50m-pistol-60-shots-mixed
"Việt Nam Cộng hòa và những người Việt Nam đầu tiên dự Olympics"
https://www.luatkhoa.com/2021/07/viet-nam-cong-hoa-va-nhung-nguoi-viet-nam-dau-tien-du-olympics/
Olympedia
https://www.olympedia.org/countries/VNM
"Olympic Korean Peninsula Declaration"
https://stillmed.olympic.org/media/Document%20Library/OlympicOrg/News/2018/2018-01-20-Declaration.pdf#_ga=2.100314582.978188483.1516481833-1830756157.1505501543
Rio2016.org, 3 June 2016 Archived 2016-08-05 at the Wayback Machine
https://www.rio2016.com/rot
la84foundation.org
https://web.archive.org/web/20070927222411/http://www.la84foundation.org/6oic/OfficialReports/2000/Results.pdf
London2012.com
http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20130228101332/http://www.london2012.com/country/independent-olympic-athletes/index.html
Rio2016.com
https://web.archive.org/web/20160815202125/https://www.rio2016.com/en/ioa
"Mixed NOCs"
https://web.archive.org/web/20140225180629/http://www.olympic.org/content/results-and-medalists/searchresultpercountry/?athletename=&country=mix&sport2=&games2=&event2=&mengender=true&womengender=true&mixedgender=true&goldmedal=true&silvermedal=true&bronzemedal=true&worldrecord=true&olympicrecord=false&teamclassification=true&individualclassification=true&winter=true&summer=true
Olympic Channel
https://web.archive.org/web/20190712000308/https://www.olympicchannel.com/en/youth-olympic-games-2018/medals/
Olympic.org
https://www.olympic.org/news/ioc-suspends-russian-noc-and-creates-a-path-for-clean-individual-athletes-to-compete-in-pyeongchang-2018-under-the-olympic-flag
The Japan Times
https://www.japantimes.co.jp/sports/2021/02/20/olympics/summer-olympics/russian-team-branded-roc-tokyo-olympics-part-doping-sanctions/
Reuters
https://www.reuters.com/article/us-olympics-2020-russia/olympics-russia-to-compete-under-roc-acronym-in-tokyo-as-part-of-doping-sanctions-idUSKBN2AJ1UZ
Olympics
https://web.archive.org/web/20210421164924/https://www.olympic.org/athens-1896/tennis/doubles-men
Olympics
https://web.archive.org/web/20210807101359/https://www.olympic.org/athens-1896/tennis/doubles-men
Olympics
https://web.archive.org/web/20240903184515/https://olympics.com/en/olympic-games/athens-1896/results/tennis/doubles-men
"Russian and Belarusian athletes to still receive medals at Beijing 2022"
https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1119966/rus-blr-athletes-still-to-receive-medals
"IPC publish Neutral Paralympic Athletes regulations for the Paris 2024 Paralympics"
https://www.paralympic.org/news/ipc-publish-neutral-paralympic-athletes-regulations-paris-2024-paralympics
"World Games 2022: Qualified Nations List"
https://twg2022.com/qualified-athletes-countries/
RTÉ.ie
https://www.rte.ie/sport/other-sport/2020/0905/1163463-iroquois-nationals-lacrosse-ireland-world-games/
"World Lacrosse Announces Teams for Men's Lacrosse Competition at TWG 2022; Iroquois Nationals Accept Invitation to Compete"
https://twg2022.com/2020/teams-for-mens-lacrosse-competition/
"Ireland Lacrosse Bows Out Of 2022 World Games So Iroquois Nationals Can Play"
https://www.npr.org/2020/10/01/917033527/ireland-lacrosse-bows-out-of-2022-world-games-so-iroquois-nationals-can-play
Cancelled due to World War I
Cancelled due to World War II
Postponed to 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic