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List of French monarchs

Updated: Wikipedia source

List of French monarchs

France was ruled by monarchs from the establishment of the kingdom of West Francia in 843 until the end of the Second French Empire in 1870, with several interruptions. Classical French historiography usually regards Clovis I, king of the Franks (r. 507–511), as the first king of France. However, most historians today consider that such a kingdom did not begin until the establishment of West Francia, after the fragmentation of the Carolingian Empire in the 9th century.

Tables

· Frankish kings (843–987) › Carolingian dynasty (843–887)
Louis II "the Stammerer"
Louis II "the Stammerer"
Name → Charles II "the Bald"
Louis II "the Stammerer"
Reign → c. 10 August 843 – 6 October 877(34 years and 2 months)
6 October 877 – 10 April 879(1 year, 6 months and 4 days)
Succession → Son of Louis the Pious and grandson of Charlemagne; recognized as king after the Treaty of Verdun
Son of Charles the Bald
Life details → 13 June 823 – 6 October 877(aged 54)King of Aquitaine since 838. Crowned "Emperor of the Romans" on Christmas 875. Died of natural causes
1 November 846 – 10 April 879(aged 32)King of Aquitaine since 867. Died of natural causes.
Louis III
Louis III
Name → Charles II "the Bald"
Louis III
Reign → c. 10 August 843 – 6 October 877(34 years and 2 months)
10 April 879 – 5 August 882(3 years, 3 months and 26 days)
Succession → Son of Louis the Pious and grandson of Charlemagne; recognized as king after the Treaty of Verdun
Son of Louis the Stammerer
Life details → 13 June 823 – 6 October 877(aged 54)King of Aquitaine since 838. Crowned "Emperor of the Romans" on Christmas 875. Died of natural causes
863 – 5 August 882(aged 19)Ruled the North; died after hitting his head with a lintel while riding his horse.
Carloman II
Carloman II
Name → Charles II "the Bald"
Carloman II
Reign → c. 10 August 843 – 6 October 877(34 years and 2 months)
10 April 879 – 6 December 884(5 years, 7 months and 26 days)
Succession → Son of Louis the Pious and grandson of Charlemagne; recognized as king after the Treaty of Verdun
Son of Louis the Stammerer
Life details → 13 June 823 – 6 October 877(aged 54)King of Aquitaine since 838. Crowned "Emperor of the Romans" on Christmas 875. Died of natural causes
866 – 6 December 884(aged 18)Ruled the South; died after being accidentally stabbed by his servant.
Charles (III) "the Fat"
Charles (III) "the Fat"
Name → Charles II "the Bald"
Charles (III) "the Fat"
Reign → c. 10 August 843 – 6 October 877(34 years and 2 months)
12 December 884 – 11 November 887(2 years, 11 months and 5 days)
Succession → Son of Louis the Pious and grandson of Charlemagne; recognized as king after the Treaty of Verdun
Son of Louis II the German, king of East Francia, and grandson of Louis I
Life details → 13 June 823 – 6 October 877(aged 54)King of Aquitaine since 838. Crowned "Emperor of the Romans" on Christmas 875. Died of natural causes
839 – 13 January 888 (aged 48–49)King of East Francia since 876; crowned Emperor in 881. Last ruler to control all Frankish territories. Deposed by the nobility, later dying of natural causes
Portrait
Name
Reign
Succession
Life details
Charles II "the Bald"
c. 10 August 843 – 6 October 877(34 years and 2 months)
Son of Louis the Pious and grandson of Charlemagne; recognized as king after the Treaty of Verdun
13 June 823 – 6 October 877(aged 54)King of Aquitaine since 838. Crowned "Emperor of the Romans" on Christmas 875. Died of natural causes
Louis II "the Stammerer"
6 October 877 – 10 April 879(1 year, 6 months and 4 days)
Son of Charles the Bald
1 November 846 – 10 April 879(aged 32)King of Aquitaine since 867. Died of natural causes.
Louis III
10 April 879 – 5 August 882(3 years, 3 months and 26 days)
Son of Louis the Stammerer
863 – 5 August 882(aged 19)Ruled the North; died after hitting his head with a lintel while riding his horse.
Carloman II
10 April 879 – 6 December 884(5 years, 7 months and 26 days)
Son of Louis the Stammerer
866 – 6 December 884(aged 18)Ruled the South; died after being accidentally stabbed by his servant.
Charles (III) "the Fat"
12 December 884 – 11 November 887(2 years, 11 months and 5 days)
Son of Louis II the German, king of East Francia, and grandson of Louis I
839 – 13 January 888 (aged 48–49)King of East Francia since 876; crowned Emperor in 881. Last ruler to control all Frankish territories. Deposed by the nobility, later dying of natural causes
· Frankish kings (843–987) › Robertian dynasty (888–898)
Portrait
Name
Reign
Succession
Life details
OdoEudes or Odon
29 February 888 – 3 January 898(9 years, 10 months and 15 days)
Son of Robert the Strong; elected king by the French nobles following the deposition of Charles. Initially rivaled by Guy III of Spoleto and Ranulf II of Aquitaine
c. 858 – 3 January 898(aged approx. 40)Defended Paris from the Vikings; died of natural causes
· Frankish kings (843–987) › Carolingian dynasty (898–922)
Portrait
Name
Reign
Succession
Life details
Charles III "the Simple"
3 January 898 – 29 June 922(24 years, 5 months and 26 days)
Posthumous son of Louis II the Stammerer; proclaimed king in opposition to Odo in January 893
17 September 879 – 7 October 929(aged 50)Deposed by Robert's followers; later captured by Herbert II, Count of Vermandois. Died in captivity
· Frankish kings (843–987) › Robertian dynasty (922–923)
Portrait
Name
Reign
Succession
Life details
Non-contemporary
Robert I
29 June 922– 15 June 923(11 months and 17 days)
Son of Robert the Strong and younger brother of Odo
865 – 15 June 923(aged 58)Killed at the Battle of Soissons against Charles III. Sole king to die in battle
· Frankish kings (843–987) › Bosonid dynasty (923–936)
Portrait
Name
Reign
Succession
Life details
RudolphRodolphe or Raoul
15 June 923– 14 January 936(12 years, 6 months and 30 days)
Son of Richard, Duke of Burgundy and son-in-law of Robert I
Duke of Burgundy since 921. Died of illness after a reign of constant civil war and viking raids. Lost Lotharingia (Lorraine) to Henry I of Germany
· Frankish kings (843–987) › Carolingian dynasty (936–987)
LothairLothaire
LothairLothaire
Name → Louis IV "from Overseas"
LothairLothaire
Reign → 19 June 936 – 10 September 954(18 years, 2 months and 22 days)
10 September 954 – 2 March 986(31 years, 5 months and 20 days)
Succession → Son of Charles the Simple, recalled to France after being exiled to England
Son of Louis IV
Life details → 921 – 10 September 954(aged 33)Died after falling off his horse
941 – 2 March 986(aged 44)Died of natural causes
Louis V "the Do-Nothing"
Louis V "the Do-Nothing"
Name → Louis IV "from Overseas"
Louis V "the Do-Nothing"
Reign → 19 June 936 – 10 September 954(18 years, 2 months and 22 days)
2 March 986 – 22 May 987(1 year, 2 months and 20 days)
Succession → Son of Charles the Simple, recalled to France after being exiled to England
Son of Lothair
Life details → 921 – 10 September 954(aged 33)Died after falling off his horse
967 – 22 May 987(aged 20)Died in a hunting accident
Portrait
Name
Reign
Succession
Life details
Louis IV "from Overseas"
19 June 936 – 10 September 954(18 years, 2 months and 22 days)
Son of Charles the Simple, recalled to France after being exiled to England
921 – 10 September 954(aged 33)Died after falling off his horse
LothairLothaire
10 September 954 – 2 March 986(31 years, 5 months and 20 days)
Son of Louis IV
941 – 2 March 986(aged 44)Died of natural causes
Non-contemporary
Louis V "the Do-Nothing"
2 March 986 – 22 May 987(1 year, 2 months and 20 days)
Son of Lothair
967 – 22 May 987(aged 20)Died in a hunting accident
· Capetian dynasty (987–1792) › House of Capet (987–1328)
Robert II "the Pious"
Robert II "the Pious"
Name → Hugh "Capet"Hugues
Robert II "the Pious"
Arms
24 October 996 – 20 July 1031(34 years, 8 months and 26 days)
Reign → 1 June 987 – 24 October 996(9 years, 4 months and 23 days)
Only son of Hugh "Capet"
Succession → Elected king by the French nobles. Son of Hugh the Great and grandson of Robert I
c. 970 – 20 July 1031(aged approx. 60)Married thrice, getting excommunicated by the Catholic Church. Incorporated the Duchy of Burgundy
Hughes(junior king)
Hughes(junior king)
Name → Hugh "Capet"Hugues
Hughes(junior king)
Arms
19 June 1017 – 17 September 1025(under Robert II)
Reign → 1 June 987 – 24 October 996(9 years, 4 months and 23 days)
Son of Robert II
Succession → Elected king by the French nobles. Son of Hugh the Great and grandson of Robert I
c. 1007 – 17 September 1025(aged approx. 18)
Henry IHenri
Henry IHenri
Name → Hugh "Capet"Hugues
Henry IHenri
Arms
20 July 1031 – 4 August 1060(29 years and 15 days)
Reign → 1 June 987 – 24 October 996(9 years, 4 months and 23 days)
Son of Robert II
Succession → Elected king by the French nobles. Son of Hugh the Great and grandson of Robert I
4 May 1008 – 4 August 1060(aged 52)His reign was marked with internal struggle against feudal lords
Philip I "the Amorous"Philippe
Philip I "the Amorous"Philippe
Name → Hugh "Capet"Hugues
Philip I "the Amorous"Philippe
Arms
4 August 1060 – 29 July 1108(47 years, 11 months and 25 days)
Reign → 1 June 987 – 24 October 996(9 years, 4 months and 23 days)
Son of Henry I
Succession → Elected king by the French nobles. Son of Hugh the Great and grandson of Robert I
1052 – 29 July 1108(aged 56)Ruled under the regency of Anne of Kiev and Count Baldwin V until 1066
Louis VI "the Fat"
Louis VI "the Fat"
Name → Hugh "Capet"Hugues
Louis VI "the Fat"
Arms
29 July 1108 – 1 August 1137(29 years and 3 days)
Reign → 1 June 987 – 24 October 996(9 years, 4 months and 23 days)
Son of Philip I
Succession → Elected king by the French nobles. Son of Hugh the Great and grandson of Robert I
1081 – 1 August 1137(aged 55)His reign contributed to the centralization of royal power. First king to wage war against the English
Philippe(junior king)
Philippe(junior king)
Name → Hugh "Capet"Hugues
Philippe(junior king)
Arms
14 April 1129 – 13 October 1131(under Louis VI)
Reign → 1 June 987 – 24 October 996(9 years, 4 months and 23 days)
Son of Louis VI
Succession → Elected king by the French nobles. Son of Hugh the Great and grandson of Robert I
29 August 1116 – 13 October 1131 (aged 15)
Louis VII "the Young"
Louis VII "the Young"
Name → Hugh "Capet"Hugues
Louis VII "the Young"
Arms
1 August 1137 – 18 September 1180(43 years, 1 month and 17 days)
Reign → 1 June 987 – 24 October 996(9 years, 4 months and 23 days)
Son of Louis VI
Succession → Elected king by the French nobles. Son of Hugh the Great and grandson of Robert I
1120 – 18 September 1180(aged 60)Known for his rivalry with Henry II of England and his military campaigns during the Second Crusade
Philip II "Augustus" Philippe Auguste
Philip II "Augustus" Philippe Auguste
Name → Hugh "Capet"Hugues
Philip II "Augustus" Philippe Auguste
Arms
Reign → 1 June 987 – 24 October 996(9 years, 4 months and 23 days)
18 September 1180– 14 July 1223(42 years, 9 months and 26 days)
Succession → Elected king by the French nobles. Son of Hugh the Great and grandson of Robert I
Son of Louis VII
Life details → c. 941 – 24 October 996(aged c. 55)Duke of the Franks since 956. Died of natural causes.
21 August 1165 – 14 July 1223(aged 57)Regarded as one of the greatest French rulers. First monarch to style himself as "King of France"
Louis VIII "the Lion"
Louis VIII "the Lion"
Name → Hugh "Capet"Hugues
Louis VIII "the Lion"
Arms
14 July 1223– 8 November 1226(3 years, 3 months and 25 days)
Reign → 1 June 987 – 24 October 996(9 years, 4 months and 23 days)
Son of Philp II
Succession → Elected king by the French nobles. Son of Hugh the Great and grandson of Robert I
5 September 1187 – 8 November 1226(aged 39)Proclaimed king of England in 1216, after which he led an unsuccessful invasion
Louis IX "the Saint"
Louis IX "the Saint"
Name → Hugh "Capet"Hugues
Louis IX "the Saint"
Arms
8 November 1226– 25 August 1270(43 years, 9 months and 17 days)
Reign → 1 June 987 – 24 October 996(9 years, 4 months and 23 days)
Son of Louis VIII
Succession → Elected king by the French nobles. Son of Hugh the Great and grandson of Robert I
25 April 1214 – 25 August 1270(aged 56)Ruled under the regency of Blanche of Castile until 1234. Died during the 8th Crusade; only king to be venerated by the Catholic Church
Philip III "the Bold" Philippe
Philip III "the Bold" Philippe
Name → Hugh "Capet"Hugues
Philip III "the Bold" Philippe
Arms
25 August 1270– 5 October 1285(15 years, 1 month and 10 days)
Reign → 1 June 987 – 24 October 996(9 years, 4 months and 23 days)
Son of Louis IX
Succession → Elected king by the French nobles. Son of Hugh the Great and grandson of Robert I
3 April 1245 – 5 October 1285(aged 40)Greatly expanded French influence in Europe. Died of a fever
Philip IV "the Fair"Philippe
Philip IV "the Fair"Philippe
Name → Hugh "Capet"Hugues
Philip IV "the Fair"Philippe
Arms
Reign → 1 June 987 – 24 October 996(9 years, 4 months and 23 days)
5 October 1285 – 29 November 1314(29 years, 1 month and 24 days)
Succession → Elected king by the French nobles. Son of Hugh the Great and grandson of Robert I
Son of Philip III
Life details → c. 941 – 24 October 996(aged c. 55)Duke of the Franks since 956. Died of natural causes.
1268 – 29 November 1314(aged 46)King of Navarre (as Philip I) since 16 August 1284, following his marriage with Joan I. Remembered for his struggle with the Roman papacy and his consolidation of royal power, which helped to reduce the influence of feudal lords
Louis X "the Quarreller"
Louis X "the Quarreller"
Name → Hugh "Capet"Hugues
Louis X "the Quarreller"
Arms
29 November 1314– 5 June 1316(1 year, 6 months and 7 days)
Reign → 1 June 987 – 24 October 996(9 years, 4 months and 23 days)
Son of Philip IV
Succession → Elected king by the French nobles. Son of Hugh the Great and grandson of Robert I
3 October 1289 – 5 June 1316(aged 26)King of Navarre (as Louis I) since 2 April 1305. His short reign was marked by conflicts with the nobility
John I "the Posthumous" Jean
John I "the Posthumous" Jean
Name → Hugh "Capet"Hugues
John I "the Posthumous" Jean
Arms
15–19 November 1316(4 days)
Reign → 1 June 987 – 24 October 996(9 years, 4 months and 23 days)
Posthumous son of Louis X
Succession → Elected king by the French nobles. Son of Hugh the Great and grandson of Robert I
King for the four days he lived; youngest and shortest undisputed monarch in French history
Philip V "the Tall"Philippe
Philip V "the Tall"Philippe
Name → Hugh "Capet"Hugues
Philip V "the Tall"Philippe
Arms
20 November 1316– 3 January 1322(5 years, 1 month and 14 days)
Reign → 1 June 987 – 24 October 996(9 years, 4 months and 23 days)
Son of Philip IV and uncle of John I
Succession → Elected king by the French nobles. Son of Hugh the Great and grandson of Robert I
1293/4 – 3 January 1322(aged 28–29)King of Navarre as Philip II.Died without a male heir
Charles IV "the Fair"
Charles IV "the Fair"
Name → Hugh "Capet"Hugues
Charles IV "the Fair"
Arms
3 January 1322– 1 February 1328(6 years and 29 days)
Reign → 1 June 987 – 24 October 996(9 years, 4 months and 23 days)
Son of Philip IV and younger brother of Philip V
Succession → Elected king by the French nobles. Son of Hugh the Great and grandson of Robert I
1294 – 1 February 1328(aged 34)King of Navarre as Charles I. Died without a male heir, ending the direct line of Capetians
Portrait
Name
Arms
Reign
Succession
Life details
Hugh "Capet"Hugues
1 June 987 – 24 October 996(9 years, 4 months and 23 days)
Elected king by the French nobles. Son of Hugh the Great and grandson of Robert I
c. 941 – 24 October 996(aged c. 55)Duke of the Franks since 956. Died of natural causes.
Robert II "the Pious"
24 October 996 – 20 July 1031(34 years, 8 months and 26 days)
Only son of Hugh "Capet"
c. 970 – 20 July 1031(aged approx. 60)Married thrice, getting excommunicated by the Catholic Church. Incorporated the Duchy of Burgundy
Hughes(junior king)
19 June 1017 – 17 September 1025(under Robert II)
Son of Robert II
c. 1007 – 17 September 1025(aged approx. 18)
Henry IHenri
20 July 1031 – 4 August 1060(29 years and 15 days)
Son of Robert II
4 May 1008 – 4 August 1060(aged 52)His reign was marked with internal struggle against feudal lords
Philip I "the Amorous"Philippe
4 August 1060 – 29 July 1108(47 years, 11 months and 25 days)
Son of Henry I
1052 – 29 July 1108(aged 56)Ruled under the regency of Anne of Kiev and Count Baldwin V until 1066
Louis VI "the Fat"
29 July 1108 – 1 August 1137(29 years and 3 days)
Son of Philip I
1081 – 1 August 1137(aged 55)His reign contributed to the centralization of royal power. First king to wage war against the English
Philippe(junior king)
14 April 1129 – 13 October 1131(under Louis VI)
Son of Louis VI
29 August 1116 – 13 October 1131 (aged 15)
Louis VII "the Young"
1 August 1137 – 18 September 1180(43 years, 1 month and 17 days)
Son of Louis VI
1120 – 18 September 1180(aged 60)Known for his rivalry with Henry II of England and his military campaigns during the Second Crusade
Philip II "Augustus" Philippe Auguste
18 September 1180– 14 July 1223(42 years, 9 months and 26 days)
Son of Louis VII
21 August 1165 – 14 July 1223(aged 57)Regarded as one of the greatest French rulers. First monarch to style himself as "King of France"
Louis VIII "the Lion"
14 July 1223– 8 November 1226(3 years, 3 months and 25 days)
Son of Philp II
5 September 1187 – 8 November 1226(aged 39)Proclaimed king of England in 1216, after which he led an unsuccessful invasion
Louis IX "the Saint"
8 November 1226– 25 August 1270(43 years, 9 months and 17 days)
Son of Louis VIII
25 April 1214 – 25 August 1270(aged 56)Ruled under the regency of Blanche of Castile until 1234. Died during the 8th Crusade; only king to be venerated by the Catholic Church
Philip III "the Bold" Philippe
25 August 1270– 5 October 1285(15 years, 1 month and 10 days)
Son of Louis IX
3 April 1245 – 5 October 1285(aged 40)Greatly expanded French influence in Europe. Died of a fever
Philip IV "the Fair"Philippe
5 October 1285 – 29 November 1314(29 years, 1 month and 24 days)
Son of Philip III
1268 – 29 November 1314(aged 46)King of Navarre (as Philip I) since 16 August 1284, following his marriage with Joan I. Remembered for his struggle with the Roman papacy and his consolidation of royal power, which helped to reduce the influence of feudal lords
Louis X "the Quarreller"
29 November 1314– 5 June 1316(1 year, 6 months and 7 days)
Son of Philip IV
3 October 1289 – 5 June 1316(aged 26)King of Navarre (as Louis I) since 2 April 1305. His short reign was marked by conflicts with the nobility
John I "the Posthumous" Jean
15–19 November 1316(4 days)
Posthumous son of Louis X
King for the four days he lived; youngest and shortest undisputed monarch in French history
Philip V "the Tall"Philippe
20 November 1316– 3 January 1322(5 years, 1 month and 14 days)
Son of Philip IV and uncle of John I
1293/4 – 3 January 1322(aged 28–29)King of Navarre as Philip II.Died without a male heir
Charles IV "the Fair"
3 January 1322– 1 February 1328(6 years and 29 days)
Son of Philip IV and younger brother of Philip V
1294 – 1 February 1328(aged 34)King of Navarre as Charles I. Died without a male heir, ending the direct line of Capetians
· Capetian dynasty (987–1792) › House of Valois (1328–1589)
John II "the Good" Jean
John II "the Good" Jean
Name → Philip VI "the Fortunate"Philippe
John II "the Good" Jean
Arms
22 August 1350 – 8 April 1364(13 years, 7 months and 17 days)
Reign → 1 April 1328 – 22 August 1350(22 years, 4 months and 21 days)
Son of Philip VI
Succession → Son of Charles, Count of Valois, grandson of Philip III and cousin of Charles IV
April 1319 – 8 April 1364(aged 45)Captured by the English at the Battle of Poitiers (1356); forced to sign a series of humiliating treaties
Charles V "the Wise"
Charles V "the Wise"
Name → Philip VI "the Fortunate"Philippe
Charles V "the Wise"
Arms
Reign → 1 April 1328 – 22 August 1350(22 years, 4 months and 21 days)
8 April 1364– 16 September 1380(16 years, 5 months and 8 days)
Succession → Son of Charles, Count of Valois, grandson of Philip III and cousin of Charles IV
Son of John II; named Dauphin on 16 July 1349
Life details → 1293 – 22 August 1350(aged 57)His reign was dominated by the consequences of a succession dispute, which led to the Hundred Years' War.
21 January 1337 – 16 September 1380(aged 43)His reign was marked with internal struggle against feudal lords and renewed conflict against the English
Charles VI "the Mad" "the Beloved"
Charles VI "the Mad" "the Beloved"
Name → Philip VI "the Fortunate"Philippe
Charles VI "the Mad" "the Beloved"
Arms
Reign → 1 April 1328 – 22 August 1350(22 years, 4 months and 21 days)
16 Sept 1380– 21 October 1422(42 years, 1 month and 5 days)
Succession → Son of Charles, Count of Valois, grandson of Philip III and cousin of Charles IV
Son of Charles V
Life details → 1293 – 22 August 1350(aged 57)His reign was dominated by the consequences of a succession dispute, which led to the Hundred Years' War.
3 December 1368 – 21 October 1422(aged 53)Ruled under the regency of his uncles until 1388. Suffered a long period of mental illness before dying of natural causes
Henry (II)(claimant)
Henry (II)(claimant)
Name → Philip VI "the Fortunate"Philippe
Henry (II)(claimant)
Arms
Reign → 1 April 1328 – 22 August 1350(22 years, 4 months and 21 days)
21 October 1422–19 October 1453(disputed; 31 years)
Succession → Son of Charles, Count of Valois, grandson of Philip III and cousin of Charles IV
Maternal grandson of Charles VI, recognized as heir after the Treaty of Troyes of 21 May 1420
Life details → 1293 – 22 August 1350(aged 57)His reign was dominated by the consequences of a succession dispute, which led to the Hundred Years' War.
6 December 1421 – 21 May 1471(aged 49)King of England since 1 September 1422. Ruled under several regencies until 1437
Charles VII "the Victorious" "the Well-Served"
Charles VII "the Victorious" "the Well-Served"
Name → Philip VI "the Fortunate"Philippe
Charles VII "the Victorious" "the Well-Served"
Arms
Reign → 1 April 1328 – 22 August 1350(22 years, 4 months and 21 days)
21 October 1422 – 22 July 1461(38 years, 9 months and 1 day)
Succession → Son of Charles, Count of Valois, grandson of Philip III and cousin of Charles IV
Son of Charles VI and uncle of Henry VI, named Dauphin in April 1417
Life details → 1293 – 22 August 1350(aged 57)His reign was dominated by the consequences of a succession dispute, which led to the Hundred Years' War.
22 February 1403 – 22 July 1461(aged 58)His reign saw the end of the Hundred Years' War
Louis XI "the Prudent" "the Universal Spider"
Louis XI "the Prudent" "the Universal Spider"
Name → Philip VI "the Fortunate"Philippe
Louis XI "the Prudent" "the Universal Spider"
Arms
Reign → 1 April 1328 – 22 August 1350(22 years, 4 months and 21 days)
22 July 1461 – 30 August 1483(22 years, 1 month and 8 days)
Succession → Son of Charles, Count of Valois, grandson of Philip III and cousin of Charles IV
Son of Charles VII
Life details → 1293 – 22 August 1350(aged 57)His reign was dominated by the consequences of a succession dispute, which led to the Hundred Years' War.
3 July 1423 – 30 August 1483(aged 60)His reign saw the strengthening and expansion of royal power. Nicknamed "the Universal Spider" for the numerous intrigues during his rule
Charles VIII "the Affable"
Charles VIII "the Affable"
Name → Philip VI "the Fortunate"Philippe
Charles VIII "the Affable"
Arms
Reign → 1 April 1328 – 22 August 1350(22 years, 4 months and 21 days)
30 August 1483 – 7 April 1498(14 years, 7 months and 8 days)
Succession → Son of Charles, Count of Valois, grandson of Philip III and cousin of Charles IV
Son of Louis XI
Life details → 1293 – 22 August 1350(aged 57)His reign was dominated by the consequences of a succession dispute, which led to the Hundred Years' War.
30 June 1470 – 7 April 1498(aged 27)Ruled under the regency of his sister Anne until 1491. Started the long and unsuccessful Italian Wars. Died after hitting his head on a lintel
Portrait
Name
Arms
Reign
Succession
Life details
Philip VI "the Fortunate"Philippe
1 April 1328 – 22 August 1350(22 years, 4 months and 21 days)
Son of Charles, Count of Valois, grandson of Philip III and cousin of Charles IV
1293 – 22 August 1350(aged 57)His reign was dominated by the consequences of a succession dispute, which led to the Hundred Years' War.
John II "the Good" Jean
22 August 1350 – 8 April 1364(13 years, 7 months and 17 days)
Son of Philip VI
April 1319 – 8 April 1364(aged 45)Captured by the English at the Battle of Poitiers (1356); forced to sign a series of humiliating treaties
Charles V "the Wise"
8 April 1364– 16 September 1380(16 years, 5 months and 8 days)
Son of John II; named Dauphin on 16 July 1349
21 January 1337 – 16 September 1380(aged 43)His reign was marked with internal struggle against feudal lords and renewed conflict against the English
Charles VI "the Mad the Beloved"
16 Sept 1380– 21 October 1422(42 years, 1 month and 5 days)
Son of Charles V
3 December 1368 – 21 October 1422(aged 53)Ruled under the regency of his uncles until 1388. Suffered a long period of mental illness before dying of natural causes
Henry (II)(claimant)
21 October 1422–19 October 1453(disputed; 31 years)
Maternal grandson of Charles VI, recognized as heir after the Treaty of Troyes of 21 May 1420
6 December 1421 – 21 May 1471(aged 49)King of England since 1 September 1422. Ruled under several regencies until 1437
Charles VII "the Victorious the Well-Served"
21 October 1422 – 22 July 1461(38 years, 9 months and 1 day)
Son of Charles VI and uncle of Henry VI, named Dauphin in April 1417
22 February 1403 – 22 July 1461(aged 58)His reign saw the end of the Hundred Years' War
Louis XI "the Prudent the Universal Spider"
22 July 1461 – 30 August 1483(22 years, 1 month and 8 days)
Son of Charles VII
3 July 1423 – 30 August 1483(aged 60)His reign saw the strengthening and expansion of royal power. Nicknamed "the Universal Spider" for the numerous intrigues during his rule
Charles VIII "the Affable"
30 August 1483 – 7 April 1498(14 years, 7 months and 8 days)
Son of Louis XI
30 June 1470 – 7 April 1498(aged 27)Ruled under the regency of his sister Anne until 1491. Started the long and unsuccessful Italian Wars. Died after hitting his head on a lintel
· Capetian dynasty (987–1792) › House of Valois (1328–1589) › House of Valois-Orléans (1498–1515)
Louis XII "Father of the People"
Louis XII "Father of the People"
Name
Louis XII "Father of the People"
Arms
Reign
7 April 1498 – 1 January 1515(16 years, 8 months and 25 days)
Succession
Great-grandson of Charles V. Second cousin, and by first marriage son-in-law, of Louis XI
Life details
27 June 1462 – 1 January 1515(aged 52)Briefly conquered the Kingdom of Naples and the Duchy of Milan
Portrait
Name
Arms
Reign
Succession
Life details
Louis XII "Father of the People"
7 April 1498 – 1 January 1515(16 years, 8 months and 25 days)
Great-grandson of Charles V. Second cousin, and by first marriage son-in-law, of Louis XI
27 June 1462 – 1 January 1515(aged 52)Briefly conquered the Kingdom of Naples and the Duchy of Milan
· Capetian dynasty (987–1792) › House of Valois (1328–1589) › House of Valois-Angoulême (1515–1589)
Francis I "the Father of Letters" François
1515
1515–1547
Francis I "the Father of Letters" François
Name
Francis I "the Father of Letters" François
Arms
Reign
1 January 1515 – 31 March 1547(32 years, 2 months and 30 days)
Succession
Great-great-grandson of Charles V. First cousin once removed, and by first marriage son-in-law, of Louis XII
Life details
12 September 1494 – 31 March 1547(aged 52)Remembered as a Renaissance patron of the arts and scholarship. Died of a fever
Henry II Henri
Henry II Henri
Name
Henry II Henri
Arms
31 March 1547 – 10 July 1559(12 years, 3 months and 10 days)
Reign
Son of Francis I, named Dauphin in August 1536
Succession
31 March 1519 – 10 July 1559(aged 40)His reign saw the end of the Italian Wars. Died after being accidentally stabbed in a Jousting tournament
Charles IX
Charles IX
Name
Charles IX
Arms
5 December 1560 – 30 May 1574(13 years, 5 months and 25 days)
Reign
Younger brother of Francis II
Succession
27 June 1550 – 30 May 1574(aged 23)Ruled under the regency of his mother Catherine until 1563, but remained under her influence until his death. The Wars of Religion began under his reign (1562). Best remembered for the Massacre of Vassy
Henry IIIHenri
1574
1574–1589
Henry IIIHenri
Name
Henry IIIHenri
Arms
Reign
30 May 1574 – 2 August 1589(15 years, 2 months and 3 days)
Succession
Younger brother of Francis II and Charles IX; also related to the Bohemian and Polish monarchies
Life details
19 September 1551 – 2 August 1589(aged 37)Initially ruler of Poland–Lithuania. He reigned through the devastating Wars of Religion, which eventually led to his own assassination
Portrait
Name
Arms
Reign
Succession
Life details
Francis I "the Father of Letters" François
1 January 1515 – 31 March 1547(32 years, 2 months and 30 days)
Great-great-grandson of Charles V. First cousin once removed, and by first marriage son-in-law, of Louis XII
12 September 1494 – 31 March 1547(aged 52)Remembered as a Renaissance patron of the arts and scholarship. Died of a fever
Henry II Henri
31 March 1547 – 10 July 1559(12 years, 3 months and 10 days)
Son of Francis I, named Dauphin in August 1536
31 March 1519 – 10 July 1559(aged 40)His reign saw the end of the Italian Wars. Died after being accidentally stabbed in a Jousting tournament
Francis II François
10 July 1559 – 5 December 1560(1 year, 4 months and 25 days)
Son of Henry II
20 January 1544 – 5 December 1560(aged 16)King consort of Scotland since 24 April 1558. A weak and sick boy, he remained under the regency of the House of Guise until his premature death
Charles IX
5 December 1560 – 30 May 1574(13 years, 5 months and 25 days)
Younger brother of Francis II
27 June 1550 – 30 May 1574(aged 23)Ruled under the regency of his mother Catherine until 1563, but remained under her influence until his death. The Wars of Religion began under his reign (1562). Best remembered for the Massacre of Vassy
Henry IIIHenri
30 May 1574 – 2 August 1589(15 years, 2 months and 3 days)
Younger brother of Francis II and Charles IX; also related to the Bohemian and Polish monarchies
19 September 1551 – 2 August 1589(aged 37)Initially ruler of Poland–Lithuania. He reigned through the devastating Wars of Religion, which eventually led to his own assassination
· Capetian dynasty (987–1792) › House of Bourbon (1589–1792)
Henry IV "the Great" "the Good King"Henri
1589
1589–1610
Henry IV "the Great" "the Good King"Henri
Name → Charles X(claimant)
Henry IV "the Great" "the Good King"Henri
Arms
Reign → 2 August 1589 – 9 May 1590(disputed; 9 months and 7 days)
2 August 1589 – 14 May 1610(20 years, 9 months and 12 days)
Succession → 7x great-grandson of Louis IX. Proclaimed king by the Catholic League in opposition to Henry of Navarre
10th-generation descendant of Louis IX; also nephew of Charles (X) and by first marriage son-in-law of Henry II. Proclaimed king on Henry III's deathbed
Life details → 22 December 1523 – 9 May 1590(aged 66) Imprisoned by Henry III on 23 December 1588; remained his entire "reign" in captivity. Died of natural causes
13 December 1553 – 14 May 1610(aged 56) King of Lower Navarre (as Henry III) since 10 June 1572. Killed in Paris on 14 May 1610 by Catholic fanatic François Ravaillac.
Louis XIII "the Just"
Louis XIII "the Just"
Name → Charles X(claimant)
Louis XIII "the Just"
Arms
14 May 1610 – 14 May 1643(33 years)
Reign → 2 August 1589 – 9 May 1590(disputed; 9 months and 7 days)
Son of Henry IV
Succession → 7x great-grandson of Louis IX. Proclaimed king by the Catholic League in opposition to Henry of Navarre
27 September 1601 – 14 May 1643(aged 41) Last King of Lower Navarre (as Louis II). Died of natural causes.
Louis XIV "the Great" "the Sun King"
Louis XIV "the Great" "the Sun King"
Name → Charles X(claimant)
Louis XIV "the Great" "the Sun King"
Arms
14 May 1643 – 1 September 1715(72 years, 3 months and 18 days)
Reign → 2 August 1589 – 9 May 1590(disputed; 9 months and 7 days)
Son of Louis XIII
Succession → 7x great-grandson of Louis IX. Proclaimed king by the Catholic League in opposition to Henry of Navarre
5 September 1638 – 1 September 1715(aged 76) Ruled under the regency of his mother Anne of Austria until 1651. Longest reigning sovereign monarch in history
Louis XV "the Beloved"
Louis XV "the Beloved"
Name → Charles X(claimant)
Louis XV "the Beloved"
Arms
1 September 1715 – 10 May 1774(58 years, 8 months and 9 days)
Reign → 2 August 1589 – 9 May 1590(disputed; 9 months and 7 days)
Great-grandson of Louis XIV
Succession → 7x great-grandson of Louis IX. Proclaimed king by the Catholic League in opposition to Henry of Navarre
15 February 1710 – 10 May 1774(aged 64) Ruled under the regency of Philippe II, Duke of Bourbon-Orléans, until 1723
Louis XVI
Louis XVI
Name → Charles X(claimant)
Louis XVI
Arms
10 May 1774 – 21 September 1792(18 years, 4 months and 11 days)
Reign → 2 August 1589 – 9 May 1590(disputed; 9 months and 7 days)
Grandson of Louis XV
Succession → 7x great-grandson of Louis IX. Proclaimed king by the Catholic League in opposition to Henry of Navarre
23 August 1754 – 21 January 1793(aged 38) Forced to install a constitutional monarchy after 1789. Formally deposed following the proclamation of the First Republic, executed in public
Louis XVII(claimant)
Louis XVII(claimant)
Name → Charles X(claimant)
Louis XVII(claimant)
Arms
21 January 1793 – 8 June 1795(2 years, 4 months and 18 days; disputed)
Reign → 2 August 1589 – 9 May 1590(disputed; 9 months and 7 days)
Son of Louis XVI; named Dauphin on 4 June 1789
Succession → 7x great-grandson of Louis IX. Proclaimed king by the Catholic League in opposition to Henry of Navarre
27 March 1785 – 8 June 1795(aged 10) Imprisoned by the revolutionary forces on 13 August 1792. Remained his entire "reign" in captivity
Portrait
Name
Arms
Reign
Succession
Life details
Charles X(claimant)
2 August 1589 – 9 May 1590(disputed; 9 months and 7 days)
7x great-grandson of Louis IX. Proclaimed king by the Catholic League in opposition to Henry of Navarre
22 December 1523 – 9 May 1590(aged 66) Imprisoned by Henry III on 23 December 1588; remained his entire "reign" in captivity. Died of natural causes
Henry IV "the Great the Good King"Henri
2 August 1589 – 14 May 1610(20 years, 9 months and 12 days)
10th-generation descendant of Louis IX; also nephew of Charles (X) and by first marriage son-in-law of Henry II. Proclaimed king on Henry III's deathbed
13 December 1553 – 14 May 1610(aged 56) King of Lower Navarre (as Henry III) since 10 June 1572. Killed in Paris on 14 May 1610 by Catholic fanatic François Ravaillac.
Louis XIII "the Just"
14 May 1610 – 14 May 1643(33 years)
Son of Henry IV
27 September 1601 – 14 May 1643(aged 41) Last King of Lower Navarre (as Louis II). Died of natural causes.
Louis XIV "the Great the Sun King"
14 May 1643 – 1 September 1715(72 years, 3 months and 18 days)
Son of Louis XIII
5 September 1638 – 1 September 1715(aged 76) Ruled under the regency of his mother Anne of Austria until 1651. Longest reigning sovereign monarch in history
Louis XV "the Beloved"
1 September 1715 – 10 May 1774(58 years, 8 months and 9 days)
Great-grandson of Louis XIV
15 February 1710 – 10 May 1774(aged 64) Ruled under the regency of Philippe II, Duke of Bourbon-Orléans, until 1723
Louis XVI
10 May 1774 – 21 September 1792(18 years, 4 months and 11 days)
Grandson of Louis XV
23 August 1754 – 21 January 1793(aged 38) Forced to install a constitutional monarchy after 1789. Formally deposed following the proclamation of the First Republic, executed in public
Louis XVII(claimant)
21 January 1793 – 8 June 1795(2 years, 4 months and 18 days; disputed)
Son of Louis XVI; named Dauphin on 4 June 1789
27 March 1785 – 8 June 1795(aged 10) Imprisoned by the revolutionary forces on 13 August 1792. Remained his entire "reign" in captivity
· Long 19th-century (1792–1870) › House of Bonaparte, First French Empire (1804–1814)
Napoleon II(claimant)
Napoleon II(claimant)
Name → Napoleon I
Napoleon II(claimant)
Arms
4 – 6 April 1814(2 days; disputed)
Reign → 18 May 1804 – 2 April 1814(9 years, 10 months and 15 days)
Son of Napoleon I
Succession → First Consul of the French Republic following the coup d'état of 19 November 1799; self-proclaimed Emperor of the French
20 March 1811 – 22 July 1832(aged 21) Unrecognized by the Coalition and the Senate, only named emperor in Napoleon's will.
Portrait
Name
Arms
Reign
Succession
Life details
Napoleon I
18 May 1804 – 2 April 1814(9 years, 10 months and 15 days)
First Consul of the French Republic following the coup d'état of 19 November 1799; self-proclaimed Emperor of the French
15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821(aged 51) Conquered most of Europe in a series of successful wars; remembered as one of the greatest military commanders in history. Deposed in absentia and forced to abdicate, then exiled to the island of Elba
Napoleon II(claimant)
4 – 6 April 1814(2 days; disputed)
Son of Napoleon I
20 March 1811 – 22 July 1832(aged 21) Unrecognized by the Coalition and the Senate, only named emperor in Napoleon's will.
· Long 19th-century (1792–1870) › House of Bourbon, First Restoration (1814–1815)
Portrait
Name
Arms
Reign
Succession
Life details
Louis XVIII "the Desired"
3 May 1814 – 20 March 1815(1st time; 10 months and 17 days)
Younger brother of Louis XVI; proclaimed king in June 1795. Had his dynasty restored to the throne with the help of other European royal houses, which had dethroned Napoleon
17 November 1755 – 16 September 1824(aged 68) Fled France on 21 June 1791, during the Flight to Varennes, and again in March 1815, after the return of Napoleon
· Long 19th-century (1792–1870) › House of Bonaparte, Hundred Days (1815)
Napoleon II(claimant)
Napoleon II(claimant)
Name → Napoleon I
Napoleon II(claimant)
Arms
22 June – 7 July 1815(15 days; disputed)
Reign → 20 March – 22 June 1815(94 days)
Son of Napoleon I
Succession → Restored as Emperor of the French by the French Army following his escape from the island of Elba
20 March 1811 – 22 July 1832(aged 21) Unrecognized by the Coalition; remained his entire "reign" hidden in Austria, with his mother Marie Louise. Died of tuberculosis several years later
Portrait
Name
Arms
Reign
Succession
Life details
Napoleon I
20 March – 22 June 1815(94 days)
Restored as Emperor of the French by the French Army following his escape from the island of Elba
15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821(aged 51) Abdicated in favour of his son following his defeat at the Battle of Waterloo. Exiled to the island of Saint Helena, where he later died of a stomach illness
Napoleon II(claimant)
22 June – 7 July 1815(15 days; disputed)
Son of Napoleon I
20 March 1811 – 22 July 1832(aged 21) Unrecognized by the Coalition; remained his entire "reign" hidden in Austria, with his mother Marie Louise. Died of tuberculosis several years later
· Long 19th-century (1792–1870) › House of Bourbon, Second Restoration (1815–1830)
Charles X
Charles X
Name → Louis XVIII "the Desired"
Charles X
Arms
16 September 1824– 2 August 1830(5 years, 10 months and 17 days)
Reign → 8 July 1815 – 16 September 1824(9 years, 2 months and 8 days)
Younger brother of Louis XVI and Louis XVIII
Succession → Younger brother of Louis XVI; restored to the throne.
9 October 1757 – 6 November 1836(aged 79) Leader of the Ultra-royalists; attempted to return to the Ancien Régime. Abdicated in favour of his grandson Henry after the July Revolution.
Louis XIX (?)(claimant)
Louis XIX (?)(claimant)
Name → Louis XVIII "the Desired"
Louis XIX (?)(claimant)
Arms
2 August 1830(20 minutes; disputed)
Reign → 8 July 1815 – 16 September 1824(9 years, 2 months and 8 days)
Son of Charles X
Succession → Younger brother of Louis XVI; restored to the throne.
6 August 1775 – 3 June 1844(aged 68) Allegedly king for 20 minutes; later legitimist pretender to the throne.
Henry V(claimant)
Henry V(claimant)
Name → Louis XVIII "the Desired"
Henry V(claimant)
Arms
2–9 August 1830(7 days; disputed)
Reign → 8 July 1815 – 16 September 1824(9 years, 2 months and 8 days)
Grandson of Charles X
Succession → Younger brother of Louis XVI; restored to the throne.
29 September 1820 – 24 August 1883(aged 62) Later legitimist pretender to the throne. Died in exile several years later
Portrait
Name
Arms
Reign
Succession
Life details
Louis XVIII "the Desired"
8 July 1815 – 16 September 1824(9 years, 2 months and 8 days)
Younger brother of Louis XVI; restored to the throne.
17 November 1755 – 16 September 1824(aged 68) Attempted to rule under a constitutional monarchy. Last French monarch to die while still reigning
Charles X
16 September 1824– 2 August 1830(5 years, 10 months and 17 days)
Younger brother of Louis XVI and Louis XVIII
9 October 1757 – 6 November 1836(aged 79) Leader of the Ultra-royalists; attempted to return to the Ancien Régime. Abdicated in favour of his grandson Henry after the July Revolution.
Louis XIX (?)(claimant)
2 August 1830(20 minutes; disputed)
Son of Charles X
6 August 1775 – 3 June 1844(aged 68) Allegedly king for 20 minutes; later legitimist pretender to the throne.
Henry V(claimant)
2–9 August 1830(7 days; disputed)
Grandson of Charles X
29 September 1820 – 24 August 1883(aged 62) Later legitimist pretender to the throne. Died in exile several years later
· Long 19th-century (1792–1870) › House of Bourbon-Orléans, July Monarchy (1830–1848)
Louis Philippe II(claimant)
Louis Philippe II(claimant)
Name → Louis Philippe I "the Citizen King"
Louis Philippe II(claimant)
Arms
24–26 February 1848(2 days; disputed)
Reign → 9 August 1830– 24 February 1848(17 years, 6 months and 15 days)
Grandson of Louis-Philippe I
Succession → Sixth-generation descendant of Louis XIII and distant cousin of Charles X; proclaimed king by the Chamber of Deputies after the abdication of Charles X during the July Revolution
24 August 1838 – 8 September 1894(aged 56) Chosen by Louis Philippe I to be his successor, however the National Assembly refused to recognize him as king and proclaimed the Second Republic. Later Orléanist pretender to the throne.
Portrait
Name
Arms
Reign
Succession
Life details
Louis Philippe I "the Citizen King"
9 August 1830– 24 February 1848(17 years, 6 months and 15 days)
Sixth-generation descendant of Louis XIII and distant cousin of Charles X; proclaimed king by the Chamber of Deputies after the abdication of Charles X during the July Revolution
6 October 1773 – 26 August 1850(aged 76) Styled as King of the French. Formally deposed following the proclamation of the Second Republic. Abdicated in favour of his grandson
Louis Philippe II(claimant)
24–26 February 1848(2 days; disputed)
Grandson of Louis-Philippe I
24 August 1838 – 8 September 1894(aged 56) Chosen by Louis Philippe I to be his successor, however the National Assembly refused to recognize him as king and proclaimed the Second Republic. Later Orléanist pretender to the throne.
· Long 19th-century (1792–1870) › House of Bonaparte, Second French Empire (1852–1870)
Napoleon III
1852
1852–1870
Napoleon III
Name
Napoleon III
Arms
Reign
2 December 1852– 4 September 1870(17 years, 9 months and 2 days)
Succession
Nephew of Napoleon I; elected as President of the French Republic in 1848, made himself Emperor of the French after 1851 coup d'état
Life details
20 April 1808 – 9 January 1873(aged 64) Captured by the German army on 2 September 1870; deposed in absentia following the proclamation of the Third Republic.
Portrait
Name
Arms
Reign
Succession
Life details
Napoleon III
2 December 1852– 4 September 1870(17 years, 9 months and 2 days)
Nephew of Napoleon I; elected as President of the French Republic in 1848, made himself Emperor of the French after 1851 coup d'état
20 April 1808 – 9 January 1873(aged 64) Captured by the German army on 2 September 1870; deposed in absentia following the proclamation of the Third Republic.

References

  1. Louis the Pious and Charlemagne are both enumerated as "Louis I" and "Charles I" in the lists of French and German monar
  2. Older scholars give his birth as 15 May, the ides of May. However, ancient sources record his birth as 13 June, the ides
  3. Not to be confused with Louis II the German, son of Louis the Pious and king of East Francia (Germany). Both French and
  4. Scholars give his death as either 3, 4, or 10 August, but ancient sources clearly indicates 5 August.
  5. Some modern sources give his death as "12 December", but this is a mistake.
  6. Charles the Fat was initially king of East Francia (Germany) and Holy Roman Emperor. Given that he was the third emperor
  7. This is the most accepted and cited date, although it is not entirely confirmed.
  8. In older sources his birth was dated to 832, but nowadays 839 is the accepted date.
  9. Odo's death is universally given as 1 January, as given by a late 13th century chronicle, but the earliest source on the
  10. See main entry for references.
  11. Some scholars give his death as 21 May, but contemporary sources give 22 May.
  12. "Capet" (Latin: Cappetus) was not actually a name, but a nickname adopted by later historians. It probably derived from
  13. Hugh was also descendant of Charlemagne's sons Louis the Pious and Pepin of Italy through his mother and paternal grandm
  14. Because neither Hugh nor Philip were sole or senior king in their own lifetimes, they are not traditionally listed as ki
  15. He lived from 15 to 19 November according to the continuator of Guillaume de Nangis. The Chronique Parisienne Anonyme de
  16. Humphreys, p. 16 gives 6 January, the same date of Philip IV's coronation. This is a confusion.
  17. Sources give his birth date as 6, 16, 20 or 26 April.
  18. This is the date in which the last English holdout was expelled by the French, with the exception of Calais.
  19. Henry III was elected on 15 May 1573. He was crowned on 21 February 1574, but was declared deposed a year later, on 12 M
  20. Lower Navarre was integrated into France during his reign.
  21. Louis XVI's powers as king became obsolete following the March on Versailles on 5 October 1789, after which he became a
  22. The Sénat proclaimed the deposition in absentia of Napoleon on 2 April, which was followed by the Corps législatif on 3
  23. Although claimed as the shortest reigning monarch by the Guinness World Records, this claim appears to be unsustained. T
  24. Charles II was crowned emperor on 25 December 875. For later Frankish and German emperors, see Holy Roman Emperor.
  25. Louis II was crowned on 8 December 877.
  26. Louis III and Carloman II were crowned on September 879.
  27. Louis III and Carloman II were crowned on September 879.
  28. Charles the Fat was most likely crowned on 20 May 885. He was already king of East Francia since 28 August 876. He was a
  29. Odo was crowned on 29 February 888 and then again on 13 November.
  30. Charles III was crowned on 28 January 893, in opposition to Odo.
  31. Robert I was crowned on 30 June 922.
  32. Rudolph was crowned on 13 July 923.
  33. Louis IV was crowned on 19 June 936, following a brief interregnum after the death of Rudolph.
  34. Lothair was crowned on 12 November 954.
  35. Louis V was crowned on 8 June 979.
  36. Hugh was elected and crowned king on 1 June 987, in Noyon. He was crowned again on 3 July in Paris by the archbishop of
  37. Robert II was crowned on 30 December 987.
  38. Henry I was crowned on 14 May 1027.
  39. Philip I was crowned on 23 May 1059.
  40. Louis VI was crowned on 3 August 1108.
  41. Louis VII was crowned as a child on 25 October 1131, and again on 25 December 1137 alongside Eleanor of Aquitaine.
  42. Philip II was crowned on 1 November 1179.
  43. Louis VIII was crowned on 6 August 1223.
  44. Louis IX was crowned on 29 November 1226.
  45. Philip III was crowned on 30 August 1271.
  46. Philip IV was crowned on 6 January 1286.
  47. Louis X was crowned on 24 August 1315.
  48. Philip V was crowned on 9 January 1317.
  49. Charles IV was crowned on 21 February 1322.
  50. Philip VI was crowned on 29 May 1328.
  51. John II was crowned on 26 September 1350.
  52. Charles V was crowned on 19 May 1364.
  53. Charles VI was crowned on 4 November 1380.
  54. Henry (II) was crowned on 16 December 1431, at Notre-Dame de Paris.
  55. Charles VII was crowned on 17 July 1429.
  56. Louis XI was crowned on 15 August 1461.
  57. Charles VIII was crowned on 30 May 1484.
  58. Louis XII was crowned on 27 May 1498.
  59. Francis I was crowned on 25 January 1515.
  60. Henry II was crowned on 26 July 1547.
  61. Francis II was crowned on 18 September 1559.
  62. Charles IX was crowned on 15 May 1561.
  63. Henry III was crowned on 13 February 1575.
  64. Henry IV was crowned on 27 February 1594.
  65. Louis XIII was crowned on 17 October 1610.
  66. Louis XIV was crowned on 7 June 1654.
  67. Louis XV was crowned on 25 October 1722.
  68. Louis XVI was crowned on 11 June 1775.
  69. Napoleon I was crowned on 2 December 1804.
  70. Louis XVIII decided not to have a coronation.
  71. Charles X was crowned on 29 May 1825, an unsuccessful attempt to revive the old monarchical traditions.
  72. Louis Philippe I decided not to have a coronation.
  73. A coronation ceremony for Napoleon III was planned, but never executed.
    https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affaire_du_sacre_de_Napol%C3%A9on_III
  74. Clovis chez les historiens
    https://books.google.com/books?id=dk7ts3LH6bMC&pg=PA241
  75. Popular History of France
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  76. A History of Western Public Law
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  77. Renaissance France at War
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  78. Mystifying the Monarch
  79. Histoire de Napoléon III
  80. Webster's Third New International Dictionary of the English Language, Unabridged
  81. Kingdoms and communities in Western Europe, 900–1300
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  82. The Shaping of German Identity: Authority and Crisis, 1245-1414
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  84. Annales S. Benigni Divionensis 824. Archived 26 March 2023 at the Wayback Machine MGH V, 39.
    https://www.dmgh.de/mgh_ss_5/#page/39/mode/1up
  85. Peignot, p. lv; de Wailly, p. 10; Thoison, p. 189; McCarty, p. 328; EB, Charles II.
    https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-II-Holy-Roman-emperor
  86. Jackson 1995, Vol 1, pp. 110–123.
  87. Peignot, p. lv; de Wailly, p. 10; Thoison, p. 189; McCarty, p. 328; EB, Louis II.
    https://www.britannica.com/biography/Louis-II-king-of-France
  88. McKitterick 1995, p. 137.
  89. Thoison, p. 189; de Wailly, p. 10.
  90. Peignot, p. lviii.
  91. McCarty, p. 327.
  92. Annales Vedastini 882 Archived 25 December 2010 at the Wayback Machine. "Nonis Augusti"
    http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/annalesvedastini.html
  93. Peignot, p. lviii; Thoison, p. 189; McCarty, p. 328; Dutton 1994, p. 227; EB, Louis III.
    https://www.britannica.com/biography/Louis-III-king-of-France
  94. Annales Vedastini. 884. Archived 25 December 2010 at the Wayback Machine "...he survived seven more days, and died in th
    http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/annalesvedastini.html
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