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List of English monarchs

Updated: Wikipedia source

List of English monarchs

This list of kings and reigning queens of the Kingdom of England begins with Alfred the Great, who initially ruled Wessex, one of the seven Anglo-Saxon kingdoms which later made up modern England. Alfred styled himself king of the Anglo-Saxons from about 886, and while he was not the first king to claim to rule all of the English, his rule represents the start of the first unbroken line of kings to rule the whole of England, the House of Wessex. Arguments are made for a few different kings thought to have controlled enough Anglo-Saxon kingdoms to be deemed the first king of England. For example, Offa of Mercia and Egbert of Wessex are sometimes described as kings of England by popular writers, but it is no longer the majority view of historians that their wide dominions were part of a process leading to a unified England. The historian Simon Keynes states, for example, "Offa was driven by a lust for power, not a vision of English unity; and what he left was a reputation, not a legacy." That refers to a period in the late 8th century, when Offa achieved a dominance over many of the kingdoms of southern England, but it did not survive his death in 796. Likewise, in 829 Egbert of Wessex conquered Mercia, but he soon lost control of it. It was not until the late 9th century that one kingdom, Wessex, had become the dominant Anglo-Saxon kingdom. Its king, Alfred the Great, was the overlord of western Mercia and used the title King of the Angles and Saxons though he never ruled eastern and northern England, which was then known as the Danelaw and had been conquered by the Danes, from southern Scandinavia. Alfred's son Edward the Elder conquered the eastern Danelaw. Edward's son Æthelstan became the first king to rule the whole of England when he conquered Northumbria in 927. Æthelstan is regarded by some modern historians as the first true king of England. The title "King of the English" or Rex Anglorum in Latin, was first used to describe Æthelstan in one of his charters in 928. The standard title for monarchs from Æthelstan until John was "King of the English". In 1016, Cnut the Great, a Dane, was the first to call himself "King of England". In the Norman period, "King of the English" remained standard, with occasional use of "King of England" or Rex Anglie. From John's reign onwards, all other titles were eschewed in favour of "King" or "Queen of England". The Principality of Wales was incorporated into the Kingdom of England under the Statute of Rhuddlan in 1284, and in 1301, King Edward I invested his eldest son, the future King Edward II, as Prince of Wales. Since that time, the eldest sons of all English monarchs, except for King Edward III, have borne this title. After the death of Queen Elizabeth I in 1603, her cousin King James VI of Scotland inherited the English crown as James I of England, joining the crowns of England and Scotland in personal union. By royal proclamation, James styled himself "King of Great Britain", but no such kingdom was created until 1707, when England and Scotland united during the reign of Queen Anne to form the new Kingdom of Great Britain, with a single British parliament sitting at Westminster. That marked the end of the Kingdom of England as a sovereign state.

Infobox

Abolition
1 May 1707
Formation
c. 886 (late 9th century)
Residence
Court of St James's
Last monarch
Anne
First monarch
Alfred the Great

Tables

· House of Wessex (886–1013)
AlfredAlfred the Great(King of Wessex from 871)c. 886–26 October 899(13 years)
AlfredAlfred the Great(King of Wessex from 871)c. 886–26 October 899(13 years)
Name
AlfredAlfred the Great(King of Wessex from 871)c. 886–26 October 899(13 years)
Birth
849Son of Æthelwulf of Wessexand Osburh
Marriage(s)
Ealhswith of Gainsborough8685 children
Death
26 October 899Aged about 50
Claim
Son of Æthelwulf of WessexTreaty of Wedmore
Edward the Elder26 October 899–17 July 924(24 years, 266 days)
Edward the Elder26 October 899–17 July 924(24 years, 266 days)
Name
Edward the Elder26 October 899–17 July 924(24 years, 266 days)
Birth
c. 874Son of Alfredand Ealhswith
Marriage(s)
(1) Ecgwynnc. 8932 children(2) Ælfflædc. 9008 children(3) Eadgifu of Kentc. 9194 children
Death
17 July 924Aged about 50
Claim
Son of Alfred
Name
Portrait
Birth
Marriage(s)
Death
Claim
AlfredAlfred the Great(King of Wessex from 871)c. 886–26 October 899(13 years)
849Son of Æthelwulf of Wessexand Osburh
Ealhswith of Gainsborough8685 children
26 October 899Aged about 50
Son of Æthelwulf of WessexTreaty of Wedmore
Edward the Elder26 October 899–17 July 924(24 years, 266 days)
c. 874Son of Alfredand Ealhswith
(1) Ecgwynnc. 8932 children(2) Ælfflædc. 9008 children(3) Eadgifu of Kentc. 9194 children
17 July 924Aged about 50
Son of Alfred
· House of Wessex (886–1013) › Disputed claimant
Ælfweardc. 17 July 924–2 August 924(16 days)
Ælfweardc. 17 July 924–2 August 924(16 days)
Name
Ælfweardc. 17 July 924–2 August 924(16 days)
Birth
c. 901Son of Edward the Elderand Ælfflæd
Marriage(s)
Unmarried?No children
Death
2 August 924Aged about 23
Claim
Son of Edward the Elder
Name
Portrait
Birth
Marriage(s)
Death
Claim
Ælfweardc. 17 July 924–2 August 924(16 days)
c. 901Son of Edward the Elderand Ælfflæd
Unmarried?No children
2 August 924Aged about 23
Son of Edward the Elder
· House of Wessex (886–1013) › Disputed claimant
Æthelstan924King of the Anglo-Saxons (924–927)–King of the English (927–939) 27 October 939(14–15 years)
Æthelstan924King of the Anglo-Saxons (924–927)–King of the English (927–939) 27 October 939(14–15 years)
Name
Æthelstan924King of the Anglo-Saxons (924–927)–King of the English (927–939) 27 October 939(14–15 years)
Birth
894Son of Edward the Elderand Ecgwynn
Marriage(s)
Unmarried
Death
27 October 939Aged about 45
Claim
Son of Edward the Elder
Edmund IEdmund the Magnificent27 October 939–26 May 946(6 years, 212 days)
Edmund IEdmund the Magnificent27 October 939–26 May 946(6 years, 212 days)
Name
Edmund IEdmund the Magnificent27 October 939–26 May 946(6 years, 212 days)
Birth
c. 921Son of Edward the Elderand Eadgifu of Kent
Marriage(s)
(1) Ælfgifu of Shaftesbury2 sons(2) Æthelflæd of Damerham944No children
Death
26 May 946PucklechurchKilled in a brawl aged about 25
Claim
Son of Edward the Elder
Eadred26 May 946–23 November 955(9 years, 182 days)
Eadred26 May 946–23 November 955(9 years, 182 days)
Name
Eadred26 May 946–23 November 955(9 years, 182 days)
Birth
c. 923Son of Edward the Elderand Eadgifu of Kent
Marriage(s)
Unmarried
Death
23 November 955FromeAged about 32
Claim
Son of Edward the Elder
EadwigEadwig All-Fair23 November 955–1 October 959(3 years, 313 days)
EadwigEadwig All-Fair23 November 955–1 October 959(3 years, 313 days)
Name
EadwigEadwig All-Fair23 November 955–1 October 959(3 years, 313 days)
Birth
c. 940Son of Edmund Iand Ælfgifu of Shaftesbury
Marriage(s)
ÆlfgifuNo verified children
Death
1 October 959Aged about 19
Claim
Son of Edmund I
Edgar the Peaceful1 October 959–8 July 975(15 years, 281 days)
Edgar the Peaceful1 October 959–8 July 975(15 years, 281 days)
Name
Edgar the Peaceful1 October 959–8 July 975(15 years, 281 days)
Birth
c. 943WessexSon of Edmund Iand Ælfgifu of Shaftesbury
Marriage(s)
(1) Æthelflædc. 9601 son(2) Ælfthrythc. 9642 sons
Death
8 July 975WinchesterAged 31
Claim
Son of Edmund I
Edward the Martyr8 July 975–18 March 978(2 years, 254 days)
Edward the Martyr8 July 975–18 March 978(2 years, 254 days)
Name
Edward the Martyr8 July 975–18 March 978(2 years, 254 days)
Birth
c. 962Son of Edgar the Peacefuland Æthelflæd
Marriage(s)
Unmarried
Death
18 March 978Corfe CastleMurdered aged about 16
Claim
Son of Edgar the Peaceful
(1st reign)Æthelred the Unready18 March 978–1013(34–35 years)
(1st reign)Æthelred the Unready18 March 978–1013(34–35 years)
Name
(1st reign)Æthelred the Unready18 March 978–1013(34–35 years)
Birth
c. 966Son of Edgar the Peacefuland Ælfthryth
Marriage(s)
(1) Ælfgifu of York9919 children(2) Emma of Normandy10023 children
Death
23 April 1016LondonAged about 48
Claim
Son of Edgar the Peaceful
Name
Portrait
Birth
Marriage(s)
Death
Claim
Æthelstan924King of the Anglo-Saxons (924–927)–King of the English (927–939) 27 October 939(14–15 years)
894Son of Edward the Elderand Ecgwynn
Unmarried
27 October 939Aged about 45
Son of Edward the Elder
Edmund IEdmund the Magnificent27 October 939–26 May 946(6 years, 212 days)
c. 921Son of Edward the Elderand Eadgifu of Kent
(1) Ælfgifu of Shaftesbury2 sons(2) Æthelflæd of Damerham944No children
26 May 946PucklechurchKilled in a brawl aged about 25
Son of Edward the Elder
Eadred26 May 946–23 November 955(9 years, 182 days)
c. 923Son of Edward the Elderand Eadgifu of Kent
Unmarried
23 November 955FromeAged about 32
Son of Edward the Elder
EadwigEadwig All-Fair23 November 955–1 October 959(3 years, 313 days)
c. 940Son of Edmund Iand Ælfgifu of Shaftesbury
ÆlfgifuNo verified children
1 October 959Aged about 19
Son of Edmund I
Edgar the Peaceful1 October 959–8 July 975(15 years, 281 days)
c. 943WessexSon of Edmund Iand Ælfgifu of Shaftesbury
(1) Æthelflædc. 9601 son(2) Ælfthrythc. 9642 sons
8 July 975WinchesterAged 31
Son of Edmund I
Edward the Martyr8 July 975–18 March 978(2 years, 254 days)
c. 962Son of Edgar the Peacefuland Æthelflæd
Unmarried
18 March 978Corfe CastleMurdered aged about 16
Son of Edgar the Peaceful
(1st reign)Æthelred the Unready18 March 978–1013(34–35 years)
c. 966Son of Edgar the Peacefuland Ælfthryth
(1) Ælfgifu of York9919 children(2) Emma of Normandy10023 children
23 April 1016LondonAged about 48
Son of Edgar the Peaceful
· House of Denmark (1013–1014)
SweynSweyn ForkbeardAutumn/winter 1013–3 February 1014
SweynSweyn ForkbeardAutumn/winter 1013–3 February 1014
Name
SweynSweyn ForkbeardAutumn/winter 1013–3 February 1014
Birth
17 April 963DenmarkSon of Harald Bluetoothand either Tove or Gunhild
Marriage(s)
(1) Gunhild of Wendenc. 9907 children(2) Sigrid the Haughtyc. 10001 daughter
Death
3 February 1014GainsboroughAged 50
Claim
Right of conquest(great-grandson of a king of Northumbria)
Name
Portrait
Birth
Marriage(s)
Death
Claim
SweynSweyn ForkbeardAutumn/winter 1013–3 February 1014
17 April 963DenmarkSon of Harald Bluetoothand either Tove or Gunhild
(1) Gunhild of Wendenc. 9907 children(2) Sigrid the Haughtyc. 10001 daughter
3 February 1014GainsboroughAged 50
Right of conquest(great-grandson of a king of Northumbria)
· House of Wessex (restored, first time) (1014–1016)
(2nd reign)Æthelred the Unreadyearly 1014–23 April 1016
(2nd reign)Æthelred the Unreadyearly 1014–23 April 1016
Name
(2nd reign)Æthelred the Unreadyearly 1014–23 April 1016
Birth
c. 966Son of Edgar the Peacefuland Ælfthryth
Marriage(s)
(1) Ælfgifu of York9919 children(2) Emma of Normandy10023 children
Death
23 April 1016LondonAged about 50
Claim
Son of Edgar the Peaceful
Edmund Ironsideafter 23 April 1016–30 November 1016
Edmund Ironsideafter 23 April 1016–30 November 1016
Name
Edmund Ironsideafter 23 April 1016–30 November 1016
Birth
c. 990Son of Æthelredand Ælfgifu of York
Marriage(s)
Edith of East Anglia2 children
Death
30 November 1016GlastonburyAged 26
Claim
Son of Æthelred
Name
Portrait
Birth
Marriage(s)
Death
Claim
(2nd reign)Æthelred the Unreadyearly 1014–23 April 1016
c. 966Son of Edgar the Peacefuland Ælfthryth
(1) Ælfgifu of York9919 children(2) Emma of Normandy10023 children
23 April 1016LondonAged about 50
Son of Edgar the Peaceful
Edmund Ironsideafter 23 April 1016–30 November 1016
c. 990Son of Æthelredand Ælfgifu of York
Edith of East Anglia2 children
30 November 1016GlastonburyAged 26
Son of Æthelred
· House of Denmark (restored) (1016–1042)
CnutCnut the Greatafter 23 Apr 1016–12 November 1035
CnutCnut the Greatafter 23 Apr 1016–12 November 1035
Name
CnutCnut the Greatafter 23 Apr 1016–12 November 1035
Birth
c. 995Son of Sweyn Forkbeardand Gunhilda of Poland
Marriage(s)
(1) Ælfgifu of Northampton2 sons(2) Emma of Normandy10172 children
Death
12 November 1035ShaftesburyAged about 40
Claim
Son of SweynTreaty of Deerhurst
Harold Harefootafter 12 November 1035–17 March 1040
Harold Harefootafter 12 November 1035–17 March 1040
Name
Harold Harefootafter 12 November 1035–17 March 1040
Birth
c. 1016Son of Cnut the Greatand Ælfgifu of Northampton
Marriage(s)
Ælfgifu?1 son?
Death
17 March 1040OxfordAged about 24
Claim
Son of Cnut the Great
Harthacnutafter 17 March 1040–8 June 1042
Harthacnutafter 17 March 1040–8 June 1042
Name
Harthacnutafter 17 March 1040–8 June 1042
Birth
1018Son of Cnut the Greatand Emma of Normandy
Marriage(s)
Unmarried
Death
8 June 1042LambethAged about 24
Claim
Son of Cnut the Great
Name
Portrait
Birth
Marriage(s)
Death
Claim
CnutCnut the Greatafter 23 Apr 1016–12 November 1035
c. 995Son of Sweyn Forkbeardand Gunhilda of Poland
(1) Ælfgifu of Northampton2 sons(2) Emma of Normandy10172 children
12 November 1035ShaftesburyAged about 40
Son of SweynTreaty of Deerhurst
Harold Harefootafter 12 November 1035–17 March 1040
c. 1016Son of Cnut the Greatand Ælfgifu of Northampton
Ælfgifu?1 son?
17 March 1040OxfordAged about 24
Son of Cnut the Great
Harthacnutafter 17 March 1040–8 June 1042
1018Son of Cnut the Greatand Emma of Normandy
Unmarried
8 June 1042LambethAged about 24
Son of Cnut the Great
· House of Wessex (restored, second time) (1042–1066)
Edward the Confessor8 June 1042–5 January 1066(23 years, 212 days)
Edward the Confessor8 June 1042–5 January 1066(23 years, 212 days)
Name
Edward the Confessor8 June 1042–5 January 1066(23 years, 212 days)
Arms
Birth
c. 1003IslipSon of Æthelredand Emma of Normandy
Marriage(s)
Edith of Wessex23 January 1045No children
Death
5 January 1066Westminster PalaceAged about 63
Claim
Son of ÆthelredStep-son of Cnut the GreatHalf-brother of Harthacnut
Name
Portrait
Arms
Birth
Marriage(s)
Death
Claim
Edward the Confessor8 June 1042–5 January 1066(23 years, 212 days)
c. 1003IslipSon of Æthelredand Emma of Normandy
Edith of Wessex23 January 1045No children
5 January 1066Westminster PalaceAged about 63
Son of ÆthelredStep-son of Cnut the GreatHalf-brother of Harthacnut
· House of Godwin (1066)
Harold IIHarold Godwinson6 January 1066–14 October 1066(282 days)
Harold IIHarold Godwinson6 January 1066–14 October 1066(282 days)
Name
Harold IIHarold Godwinson6 January 1066–14 October 1066(282 days)
Arms
Birth
c. 1022Son of Godwin of Wessexand Gytha Thorkelsdóttir
Marriage(s)
(1) Edith Swannesha5 children(2) Ealdgythc. 10642 sons
Death
14 October 1066HastingsDied in the Battle of Hastings aged 44
Claim
Named heir by Edward the ConfessorBrother-in-law of Edward the ConfessorElected by the Witenagemot
Name
Portrait
Arms
Birth
Marriage(s)
Death
Claim
Harold IIHarold Godwinson6 January 1066–14 October 1066(282 days)
c. 1022Son of Godwin of Wessexand Gytha Thorkelsdóttir
(1) Edith Swannesha5 children(2) Ealdgythc. 10642 sons
14 October 1066HastingsDied in the Battle of Hastings aged 44
Named heir by Edward the ConfessorBrother-in-law of Edward the ConfessorElected by the Witenagemot
· House of Godwin (1066) › Disputed claimant (House of Wessex)
(Title disputed)Edgar Ætheling15 October 1066–17 December 1066(64 days)
(Title disputed)Edgar Ætheling15 October 1066–17 December 1066(64 days)
Name
(Title disputed)Edgar Ætheling15 October 1066–17 December 1066(64 days)
Birth
c. 1051Son of Edward the Exileand Agatha
Marriage(s)
No known marriage
Death
1125 or 1126Aged about 75
Claim
Grandson of Edmund IronsideElected by the Witenagemot
Name
Portrait
Birth
Marriage(s)
Death
Claim
(Title disputed)Edgar Ætheling15 October 1066–17 December 1066(64 days)
c. 1051Son of Edward the Exileand Agatha
No known marriage
1125 or 1126Aged about 75
Grandson of Edmund IronsideElected by the Witenagemot
· House of Normandy (1066–1135)
William IWilliam the Conqueror25 December 1066–9 September 1087(20 years, 259 days)
William IWilliam the Conqueror25 December 1066–9 September 1087(20 years, 259 days)
Name
William IWilliam the Conqueror25 December 1066–9 September 1087(20 years, 259 days)
Arms
Birth
c. 1028Falaise CastleSon of Robert the Magnificentand Herleva
Marriage(s)
Matilda of FlandersNormandy10539 children
Death
9 September 1087RouenAged about 59
Claim
Supposedly named heir in 1052 by Edward the ConfessorFirst cousin once removed of Edward the ConfessorRight of conquest
William IIWilliam Rufus26 September 1087–2 August 1100(12 years, 311 days)
William IIWilliam Rufus26 September 1087–2 August 1100(12 years, 311 days)
Name
William IIWilliam Rufus26 September 1087–2 August 1100(12 years, 311 days)
Arms
c. 1056NormandySon of William the Conquerorand Matilda of Flanders
Birth
Unmarried
Marriage(s)
2 August 1100New ForestShot with an arrow aged 44
Death
Son of William IGranted the Kingdom of England over elder brother Robert Curthose (who remained the Duke of Normandy)
Henry IHenry Beauclerc5 August 1100–1 December 1135(35 years, 119 days)
Henry IHenry Beauclerc5 August 1100–1 December 1135(35 years, 119 days)
Name
Henry IHenry Beauclerc5 August 1100–1 December 1135(35 years, 119 days)
Arms
September 1068SelbySon of William the Conquerorand Matilda of Flanders
Birth
(1) Matilda of ScotlandWestminster Abbey11 November 11002 children(2) Adeliza of LouvainWindsor Castle29 January 1121No children
Marriage(s)
1 December 1135Saint-Denis-en-LyonsAged 67
Death
Son of William ISeizure of the Crown (from Robert Curthose)
Name
Portrait
Arms
Birth
Marriage(s)
Death
Claim
William IWilliam the Conqueror25 December 1066–9 September 1087(20 years, 259 days)
c. 1028Falaise CastleSon of Robert the Magnificentand Herleva
Matilda of FlandersNormandy10539 children
9 September 1087RouenAged about 59
Supposedly named heir in 1052 by Edward the ConfessorFirst cousin once removed of Edward the ConfessorRight of conquest
William IIWilliam Rufus26 September 1087–2 August 1100(12 years, 311 days)
c. 1056NormandySon of William the Conquerorand Matilda of Flanders
Unmarried
2 August 1100New ForestShot with an arrow aged 44
Son of William IGranted the Kingdom of England over elder brother Robert Curthose (who remained the Duke of Normandy)
Henry IHenry Beauclerc5 August 1100–1 December 1135(35 years, 119 days)
September 1068SelbySon of William the Conquerorand Matilda of Flanders
(1) Matilda of ScotlandWestminster Abbey11 November 11002 children(2) Adeliza of LouvainWindsor Castle29 January 1121No children
1 December 1135Saint-Denis-en-LyonsAged 67
Son of William ISeizure of the Crown (from Robert Curthose)
· House of Normandy (1066–1135) › Disputed claimants
MatildaEmpress Matilda7 April 1141–1 November 1141(209 days)
MatildaEmpress Matilda7 April 1141–1 November 1141(209 days)
Name
MatildaEmpress Matilda7 April 1141–1 November 1141(209 days)
Arms
Birth
7 February 1102Sutton Courtenay Manor HouseDaughter of Henry Iand Edith of Scotland
Marriage(s)
(1) Henry V of the Holy Roman EmpireMainz6 January 1114No children(2) Geoffrey V of AnjouLe Mans Cathedral22 May 11283 sons
Death
10 September 1167RouenAged 65
Claim
Sole surviving legitimate child of Henry ISeizure of the Crown
Name
Portrait
Arms
Birth
Marriage(s)
Death
Claim
MatildaEmpress Matilda7 April 1141–1 November 1141(209 days)
7 February 1102Sutton Courtenay Manor HouseDaughter of Henry Iand Edith of Scotland
(1) Henry V of the Holy Roman EmpireMainz6 January 1114No children(2) Geoffrey V of AnjouLe Mans Cathedral22 May 11283 sons
10 September 1167RouenAged 65
Sole surviving legitimate child of Henry ISeizure of the Crown
· House of Blois (1135–1154)
StephenStephen of Blois22 December 1135–25 October 1154(18 years, 308 days)
StephenStephen of Blois22 December 1135–25 October 1154(18 years, 308 days)
Name
StephenStephen of Blois22 December 1135–25 October 1154(18 years, 308 days)
Arms
Birth
c. 1096BloisSon of Stephen II of Bloisand Adela of Normandy
Marriage(s)
Matilda of BoulogneWestminster11256 children
Death
25 October 1154Dover CastleAged about 58
Claim
Grandson of William IAppointment / usurpation
Name
Portrait
Arms
Birth
Marriage(s)
Death
Claim
StephenStephen of Blois22 December 1135–25 October 1154(18 years, 308 days)
c. 1096BloisSon of Stephen II of Bloisand Adela of Normandy
Matilda of BoulogneWestminster11256 children
25 October 1154Dover CastleAged about 58
Grandson of William IAppointment / usurpation
· House of Plantagenet (1154–1485) › Angevin kings of England
Henry IIHenry Curtmantle19 December 1154–6 July 1189(34 years, 200 days)
Henry IIHenry Curtmantle19 December 1154–6 July 1189(34 years, 200 days)
Name
Henry IIHenry Curtmantle19 December 1154–6 July 1189(34 years, 200 days)
Arms
Birth
5 March 1133Le MansSon of Geoffrey V of Anjouand Matilda
Marriage(s)
Eleanor of AquitaineBordeaux Cathedral18 May 11528 children
Death
6 July 1189ChinonAged 56
Claim
Grandson of Henry ITreaty of WallingfordGreat-great-great-grandson of Edmund Ironside
Henry II named his son, Henry the Young King (1155–1183), as co-ruler with him but this was a Norman custom of designating an heir, and the younger Henry did not outlive his father and rule in his own right, so he is not counted as a monarch on lists of kings.
Henry II named his son, Henry the Young King (1155–1183), as co-ruler with him but this was a Norman custom of designating an heir, and the younger Henry did not outlive his father and rule in his own right, so he is not counted as a monarch on lists of kings.
Name
Henry II named his son, Henry the Young King (1155–1183), as co-ruler with him but this was a Norman custom of designating an heir, and the younger Henry did not outlive his father and rule in his own right, so he is not counted as a monarch on lists of kings.
Richard IRichard the Lionheart3 September 1189–6 April 1199(9 years, 216 days)
Richard IRichard the Lionheart3 September 1189–6 April 1199(9 years, 216 days)
Name
Richard IRichard the Lionheart3 September 1189–6 April 1199(9 years, 216 days)
Arms
Birth
8 September 1157Beaumont PalaceSon of Henry IIand Eleanor of Aquitaine
Marriage(s)
Berengaria of NavarreLimassol12 May 1191No children
Death
6 April 1199ChâlusShot by a crossbow bolt aged 41
Claim
Son of Henry IIPrimogeniture
JohnJohn Lackland27 May 1199–19 October 1216(17 years, 146 days)
JohnJohn Lackland27 May 1199–19 October 1216(17 years, 146 days)
Name
JohnJohn Lackland27 May 1199–19 October 1216(17 years, 146 days)
Arms
24 December 1166Beaumont PalaceSon of Henry IIand Eleanor of Aquitaine
Birth
(1) Isabel of GloucesterMarlborough Castle29 August 1189No children(2) Isabella of AngoulêmeBordeaux Cathedral24 August 12005 children
Marriage(s)
19 October 1216Newark-on-TrentAged 49
Death
Son of Henry IINominationProximity of blood
Name
Portrait
Arms
Birth
Marriage(s)
Death
Claim
Henry IIHenry Curtmantle19 December 1154–6 July 1189(34 years, 200 days)
5 March 1133Le MansSon of Geoffrey V of Anjouand Matilda
Eleanor of AquitaineBordeaux Cathedral18 May 11528 children
6 July 1189ChinonAged 56
Grandson of Henry ITreaty of WallingfordGreat-great-great-grandson of Edmund Ironside
Henry II named his son, Henry the Young King (1155–1183), as co-ruler with him but this was a Norman custom of designating an heir, and the younger Henry did not outlive his father and rule in his own right, so he is not counted as a monarch on lists of kings.
Richard IRichard the Lionheart3 September 1189–6 April 1199(9 years, 216 days)
8 September 1157Beaumont PalaceSon of Henry IIand Eleanor of Aquitaine
Berengaria of NavarreLimassol12 May 1191No children
6 April 1199ChâlusShot by a crossbow bolt aged 41
Son of Henry IIPrimogeniture
JohnJohn Lackland27 May 1199–19 October 1216(17 years, 146 days)
24 December 1166Beaumont PalaceSon of Henry IIand Eleanor of Aquitaine
(1) Isabel of GloucesterMarlborough Castle29 August 1189No children(2) Isabella of AngoulêmeBordeaux Cathedral24 August 12005 children
19 October 1216Newark-on-TrentAged 49
Son of Henry IINominationProximity of blood
· House of Plantagenet (1154–1485) › Angevin kings of England › Disputed claimant (House of Capet)
LouisLouis the Lion2 June 1216–20 September 1217(1 year, 111 days)
LouisLouis the Lion2 June 1216–20 September 1217(1 year, 111 days)
Name
LouisLouis the Lion2 June 1216–20 September 1217(1 year, 111 days)
Arms
Birth
5 September 1187ParisSon of Philip II of Franceand Isabella of Hainault
Marriage(s)
Blanche of CastilePort-Mort23 May 120013 children
Death
8 November 1226MontpensierAged 39
Claim
Offered by the BaronsMaternal grandson-in-law of Henry IIRight of conquest
Name
Portrait
Arms
Birth
Marriage(s)
Death
Claim
LouisLouis the Lion2 June 1216–20 September 1217(1 year, 111 days)
5 September 1187ParisSon of Philip II of Franceand Isabella of Hainault
Blanche of CastilePort-Mort23 May 120013 children
8 November 1226MontpensierAged 39
Offered by the BaronsMaternal grandson-in-law of Henry IIRight of conquest
· House of Plantagenet (1154–1485) › Main line of Plantagenets
Henry IIIHenry of Winchester28 October 1216–16 November 1272(56 years, 20 days)
Henry IIIHenry of Winchester28 October 1216–16 November 1272(56 years, 20 days)
Name
Henry IIIHenry of Winchester28 October 1216–16 November 1272(56 years, 20 days)
Arms
Birth
1 October 1207Winchester CastleSon of Johnand Isabella of Angoulême
Marriage(s)
Eleanor of ProvenceCanterbury Cathedral14 January 12365 children
Death
16 November 1272Westminster PalaceAged 65
Claim
Son of JohnPrimogeniture
Edward IEdward Longshanks20 November 1272–7 July 1307(34 years, 230 days)
Edward IEdward Longshanks20 November 1272–7 July 1307(34 years, 230 days)
Name
Edward IEdward Longshanks20 November 1272–7 July 1307(34 years, 230 days)
Arms
17 June 1239Palace of WestminsterSon of Henry IIIand Eleanor of Provence
Birth
(1) Eleanor of CastileAbbey of Santa María la Real de Las Huelgas18 October 125416 children(2) Margaret of FranceCanterbury Cathedral10 September 12993 children
Marriage(s)
7 July 1307Burgh by SandsAged 68
Death
Son of Henry IIIPrimogeniture
Edward IIEdward of Caernarfon8 July 1307–Abdicated 20 January 1327(19 years, 197 days)
Edward IIEdward of Caernarfon8 July 1307–Abdicated 20 January 1327(19 years, 197 days)
Name
Edward IIEdward of Caernarfon8 July 1307–Abdicated 20 January 1327(19 years, 197 days)
Arms
25 April 1284Caernarfon CastleSon of Edward Iand Eleanor of Castile
Birth
Isabella of FranceBoulogne Cathedral24 January 13084 children
Marriage(s)
21 September 1327Berkeley CastleMurdered aged 43
Death
Son of Edward IPrimogeniture
Edward IIIEdward of Windsor25 January 1327–21 June 1377(50 years, 148 days)
Edward IIIEdward of Windsor25 January 1327–21 June 1377(50 years, 148 days)
Name
Edward IIIEdward of Windsor25 January 1327–21 June 1377(50 years, 148 days)
Arms
Until 1340,1360–13691340–1360,from 1369
Birth
13 November 1312Windsor CastleSon of Edward IIand Isabella of France
Marriage(s)
Philippa of HainaultYork Minster25 January 132814 children
Death
21 June 1377Sheen PalaceAged 64
Claim
Son of Edward IIPrimogeniture
Richard IIRichard of Bordeaux22 June 1377–29 September 1399(22 years, 100 days)
Richard IIRichard of Bordeaux22 June 1377–29 September 1399(22 years, 100 days)
Name
Richard IIRichard of Bordeaux22 June 1377–29 September 1399(22 years, 100 days)
Arms
Birth
6 January 1367Archbishop's Palace of BordeauxSon of Edward the Black Princeand Joan of Kent
Marriage(s)
(1) Anne of Bohemia14 January 1382Westminster AbbeyNo children(2) Isabella of ValoisChurch of St. Nicholas, Calais4 November 1396No children
Death
14 February 1400Pontefract CastleAged 33
Claim
Grandson of Edward IIIPrimogeniture
Name
Portrait
Arms
Birth
Marriage(s)
Death
Claim
Henry IIIHenry of Winchester28 October 1216–16 November 1272(56 years, 20 days)
1 October 1207Winchester CastleSon of Johnand Isabella of Angoulême
Eleanor of ProvenceCanterbury Cathedral14 January 12365 children
16 November 1272Westminster PalaceAged 65
Son of JohnPrimogeniture
Edward IEdward Longshanks20 November 1272–7 July 1307(34 years, 230 days)
17 June 1239Palace of WestminsterSon of Henry IIIand Eleanor of Provence
(1) Eleanor of CastileAbbey of Santa María la Real de Las Huelgas18 October 125416 children(2) Margaret of FranceCanterbury Cathedral10 September 12993 children
7 July 1307Burgh by SandsAged 68
Son of Henry IIIPrimogeniture
Edward IIEdward of Caernarfon8 July 1307–Abdicated 20 January 1327(19 years, 197 days)
25 April 1284Caernarfon CastleSon of Edward Iand Eleanor of Castile
Isabella of FranceBoulogne Cathedral24 January 13084 children
21 September 1327Berkeley CastleMurdered aged 43
Son of Edward IPrimogeniture
Edward IIIEdward of Windsor25 January 1327–21 June 1377(50 years, 148 days)
Until 1340,1360–13691340–1360,from 1369
13 November 1312Windsor CastleSon of Edward IIand Isabella of France
Philippa of HainaultYork Minster25 January 132814 children
21 June 1377Sheen PalaceAged 64
Son of Edward IIPrimogeniture
Richard IIRichard of Bordeaux22 June 1377–29 September 1399(22 years, 100 days)
6 January 1367Archbishop's Palace of BordeauxSon of Edward the Black Princeand Joan of Kent
(1) Anne of Bohemia14 January 1382Westminster AbbeyNo children(2) Isabella of ValoisChurch of St. Nicholas, Calais4 November 1396No children
14 February 1400Pontefract CastleAged 33
Grandson of Edward IIIPrimogeniture
· House of Plantagenet (1154–1485) › House of Lancaster
Henry IVHenry of Bolingbroke30 September 1399–20 March 1413(13 years, 172 days)
Henry IVHenry of Bolingbroke30 September 1399–20 March 1413(13 years, 172 days)
Name
Henry IVHenry of Bolingbroke30 September 1399–20 March 1413(13 years, 172 days)
Arms
until 1406from 1406
Birth
c. April 1367Bolingbroke CastleSon of John of Gauntand Blanche of Lancaster
Marriage(s)
(1) Mary de BohunArundel Castle27 July 13806 children(2) Joanna of NavarreWinchester Cathedral7 February 1403Stillborn twins
Death
20 March 1413Westminster AbbeyAged 45
Claim
Grandson / heir male of Edward IIIUsurpation
Henry VHenry of Monmouth21 March 1413–31 August 1422(9 years, 164 days)
Henry VHenry of Monmouth21 March 1413–31 August 1422(9 years, 164 days)
Name
Henry VHenry of Monmouth21 March 1413–31 August 1422(9 years, 164 days)
Arms
Birth
16 September 1386Monmouth CastleSon of Henry IVand Mary de Bohun
Marriage(s)
Catherine of ValoisTroyes Cathedral2 June 14201 son
Death
31 August 1422Château de VincennesAged 35
Claim
Son of Henry IVAgnatic primogeniture
(1st reign)Henry VI1 September 1422–4 March 1461(38 years, 185 days)
(1st reign)Henry VI1 September 1422–4 March 1461(38 years, 185 days)
Name
(1st reign)Henry VI1 September 1422–4 March 1461(38 years, 185 days)
Arms
Birth
6 December 1421Windsor CastleSon of Henry Vand Catherine of Valois
Marriage(s)
Margaret of AnjouTitchfield Abbey22 April 14451 son
Death
21 May 1471Tower of LondonAllegedly murdered aged 49
Claim
Son of Henry VAgnatic primogeniture
Name
Portrait
Arms
Birth
Marriage(s)
Death
Claim
Henry IVHenry of Bolingbroke30 September 1399–20 March 1413(13 years, 172 days)
until 1406from 1406
c. April 1367Bolingbroke CastleSon of John of Gauntand Blanche of Lancaster
(1) Mary de BohunArundel Castle27 July 13806 children(2) Joanna of NavarreWinchester Cathedral7 February 1403Stillborn twins
20 March 1413Westminster AbbeyAged 45
Grandson / heir male of Edward IIIUsurpation
Henry VHenry of Monmouth21 March 1413–31 August 1422(9 years, 164 days)
16 September 1386Monmouth CastleSon of Henry IVand Mary de Bohun
Catherine of ValoisTroyes Cathedral2 June 14201 son
31 August 1422Château de VincennesAged 35
Son of Henry IVAgnatic primogeniture
(1st reign)Henry VI1 September 1422–4 March 1461(38 years, 185 days)
6 December 1421Windsor CastleSon of Henry Vand Catherine of Valois
Margaret of AnjouTitchfield Abbey22 April 14451 son
21 May 1471Tower of LondonAllegedly murdered aged 49
Son of Henry VAgnatic primogeniture
· House of Plantagenet (1154–1485) › House of York
(1st reign)Edward IV4 March 1461–3 October 1470(9 years, 214 days)
(1st reign)Edward IV4 March 1461–3 October 1470(9 years, 214 days)
Name
(1st reign)Edward IV4 March 1461–3 October 1470(9 years, 214 days)
Arms
Birth
28 April 1442Rouen CastleSon of Richard of Yorkand Cecily Neville
Marriage(s)
Elizabeth WoodvilleGrafton Regis1 May 146410 children
Death
9 April 1483Westminster PalaceAged 40
Claim
Great-great-grandson / heir general of Edward IIISeizure of the CrownAct of Accord
Name
Portrait
Arms
Birth
Marriage(s)
Death
Claim
(1st reign)Edward IV4 March 1461–3 October 1470(9 years, 214 days)
28 April 1442Rouen CastleSon of Richard of Yorkand Cecily Neville
Elizabeth WoodvilleGrafton Regis1 May 146410 children
9 April 1483Westminster PalaceAged 40
Great-great-grandson / heir general of Edward IIISeizure of the CrownAct of Accord
· House of Plantagenet (1154–1485) › House of Lancaster (restored)
(2nd reign)Henry VI3 October 1470–11 April 1471(191 days)
(2nd reign)Henry VI3 October 1470–11 April 1471(191 days)
Name
(2nd reign)Henry VI3 October 1470–11 April 1471(191 days)
Arms
Birth
6 December 1421Windsor CastleSon of Henry Vand Catherine of Valois
Marriage(s)
Margaret of AnjouTitchfield Abbey22 April 14451 son
Death
21 May 1471Tower of LondonAllegedly murdered aged 49
Claim
Son of Henry VSeizure of the Crown
Name
Portrait
Arms
Birth
Marriage(s)
Death
Claim
(2nd reign)Henry VI3 October 1470–11 April 1471(191 days)
6 December 1421Windsor CastleSon of Henry Vand Catherine of Valois
Margaret of AnjouTitchfield Abbey22 April 14451 son
21 May 1471Tower of LondonAllegedly murdered aged 49
Son of Henry VSeizure of the Crown
· House of Plantagenet (1154–1485) › House of York (restored)
(2nd reign)Edward IV11 April 1471–9 April 1483(11 years, 364 days)
(2nd reign)Edward IV11 April 1471–9 April 1483(11 years, 364 days)
Name
(2nd reign)Edward IV11 April 1471–9 April 1483(11 years, 364 days)
Arms
Birth
28 April 1442Rouen CastleSon of Richard of Yorkand Cecily Neville
Marriage(s)
Elizabeth WoodvilleGrafton Regis1 May 146410 children
Death
9 April 1483Westminster PalaceAged 40
Claim
Great-great-grandson / heir general of Edward IIISeizure of the CrownAct of Accord
Edward V9 April 1483–25 June 1483(78 days)
Edward V9 April 1483–25 June 1483(78 days)
Name
Edward V9 April 1483–25 June 1483(78 days)
Arms
2 November 1470Cheyneygates, Westminster AbbeySon of Edward IVand Elizabeth Woodville
Birth
Unmarried
Marriage(s)
Disappeared mid-1483Tower of LondonAllegedly murdered aged 12
Death
Son of Edward IVPrimogeniture
Richard III26 June 1483–22 August 1485(2 years, 58 days)
Richard III26 June 1483–22 August 1485(2 years, 58 days)
Name
Richard III26 June 1483–22 August 1485(2 years, 58 days)
Arms
2 October 1452Fotheringhay CastleSon of Richard of Yorkand Cecily Neville
Birth
Anne NevilleWestminster Abbey12 July 14721 son
Marriage(s)
22 August 1485Bosworth FieldKilled in battle aged 32
Death
Great-great-grandson of Edward IIITitulus Regius
Name
Portrait
Arms
Birth
Marriage(s)
Death
Claim
(2nd reign)Edward IV11 April 1471–9 April 1483(11 years, 364 days)
28 April 1442Rouen CastleSon of Richard of Yorkand Cecily Neville
Elizabeth WoodvilleGrafton Regis1 May 146410 children
9 April 1483Westminster PalaceAged 40
Great-great-grandson / heir general of Edward IIISeizure of the CrownAct of Accord
Edward V9 April 1483–25 June 1483(78 days)
2 November 1470Cheyneygates, Westminster AbbeySon of Edward IVand Elizabeth Woodville
Unmarried
Disappeared mid-1483Tower of LondonAllegedly murdered aged 12
Son of Edward IVPrimogeniture
Richard III26 June 1483–22 August 1485(2 years, 58 days)
2 October 1452Fotheringhay CastleSon of Richard of Yorkand Cecily Neville
Anne NevilleWestminster Abbey12 July 14721 son
22 August 1485Bosworth FieldKilled in battle aged 32
Great-great-grandson of Edward IIITitulus Regius
· House of Tudor (1485–1603)
Henry VII22 August 1485–21 April 1509(23 years, 243 days)
Henry VII22 August 1485–21 April 1509(23 years, 243 days)
Name
Henry VII22 August 1485–21 April 1509(23 years, 243 days)
Arms
Birth
28 January 1457Pembroke CastleSon of Edmund Tudorand Margaret Beaufort
Marriage(s)
Elizabeth of YorkWestminster Abbey18 January 14868 children
Death
21 April 1509Richmond PalaceAged 52
Claim
Great-great-great-grandson of Edward IIIRight of conquestMarriage to Elizabeth of York
Henry VIII22 April 1509–28 January 1547(37 years, 282 days)
Henry VIII22 April 1509–28 January 1547(37 years, 282 days)
Name
Henry VIII22 April 1509–28 January 1547(37 years, 282 days)
Arms
28 June 1491Greenwich PalaceSon of Henry VIIand Elizabeth of York
Birth
(1) Catherine of AragonChurch of the Observant Friars, Greenwich11 June 15091 daughter(2) Anne BoleynWestminster Palace25 January 15331 daughter(3) Jane SeymourWhitehall Palace30 May 15361 son3 further marriagesNo more children
Marriage(s)
28 January 1547Whitehall PalaceAged 55
Death
Son of Henry VIIPrimogeniture
Edward VI28 January 1547–6 July 1553(6 years, 160 days)
Edward VI28 January 1547–6 July 1553(6 years, 160 days)
Name
Edward VI28 January 1547–6 July 1553(6 years, 160 days)
Arms
12 October 1537Hampton Court PalaceSon of Henry VIIIand Jane Seymour
Birth
Unmarried
Marriage(s)
6 July 1553Greenwich PalaceAged 15
Death
Son of Henry VIIIPrimogeniture
Name
Portrait
Arms
Birth
Marriage(s)
Death
Claim
Henry VII22 August 1485–21 April 1509(23 years, 243 days)
28 January 1457Pembroke CastleSon of Edmund Tudorand Margaret Beaufort
Elizabeth of YorkWestminster Abbey18 January 14868 children
21 April 1509Richmond PalaceAged 52
Great-great-great-grandson of Edward IIIRight of conquestMarriage to Elizabeth of York
Henry VIII22 April 1509–28 January 1547(37 years, 282 days)
28 June 1491Greenwich PalaceSon of Henry VIIand Elizabeth of York
(1) Catherine of AragonChurch of the Observant Friars, Greenwich11 June 15091 daughter(2) Anne BoleynWestminster Palace25 January 15331 daughter(3) Jane SeymourWhitehall Palace30 May 15361 son3 further marriagesNo more children
28 January 1547Whitehall PalaceAged 55
Son of Henry VIIPrimogeniture
Edward VI28 January 1547–6 July 1553(6 years, 160 days)
12 October 1537Hampton Court PalaceSon of Henry VIIIand Jane Seymour
Unmarried
6 July 1553Greenwich PalaceAged 15
Son of Henry VIIIPrimogeniture
· House of Tudor (1485–1603) › Disputed claimant
JaneLady Jane Grey10 July 1553–19 July 1553(9 days)
JaneLady Jane Grey10 July 1553–19 July 1553(9 days)
Name
JaneLady Jane Grey10 July 1553–19 July 1553(9 days)
Arms
Birth
1536 or 1537Bradgate ParkDaughter of the 1st Duke of Suffolkand Frances Brandon
Marriage(s)
Guildford DudleyDurham House21 May 1553No children
Death
12 February 1554Tower GreenExecuted aged about 17
Claim
Great-granddaughter of Henry VIIDevise for the Succession
Name
Portrait
Arms
Birth
Marriage(s)
Death
Claim
JaneLady Jane Grey10 July 1553–19 July 1553(9 days)
1536 or 1537Bradgate ParkDaughter of the 1st Duke of Suffolkand Frances Brandon
Guildford DudleyDurham House21 May 1553No children
12 February 1554Tower GreenExecuted aged about 17
Great-granddaughter of Henry VIIDevise for the Succession
· House of Tudor (1485–1603) › Disputed claimant
Mary I19 July 1553–17 November 1558(5 years, 122 days)
Mary I19 July 1553–17 November 1558(5 years, 122 days)
Name
Mary I19 July 1553–17 November 1558(5 years, 122 days)
Arms
Birth
18 February 1516Greenwich PalaceDaughter of Henry VIIIand Catherine of Aragon
Marriage(s)
Philip II of SpainWinchester Cathedral25 July 1554No children
Death
17 November 1558St James's PalaceAged 42
Claim
Daughter of Henry VIIIThird Succession Act
(Jure uxoris)Philip25 July 1554–17 November 1558(4 years, 116 days)
(Jure uxoris)Philip25 July 1554–17 November 1558(4 years, 116 days)
Name
(Jure uxoris)Philip25 July 1554–17 November 1558(4 years, 116 days)
Arms
21 May 1527Palacio de PimentelSon of Charles V of the Holy Roman Empireand Isabella of Portugal
Birth
Mary I of EnglandWinchester Cathedral25 July 1554No children3 other marriages7 children
Marriage(s)
13 September 1598El EscorialAged 71
Death
Husband of Mary IAct for the Marriage of Queen Mary to Philip of Spain
Under the terms of the marriage treaty between Philip I of Naples (later Philip II of Spain from 15 January 1556) and Queen Mary I, Philip was to enjoy Mary's titles and honours for as long as their marriage should last. All official documents, including Acts of Parliament, were to be dated with both their names, and Parliament was to be called under the joint authority of the couple. An Act of Parliament gave him the title of king and stated that he "shall aid her Highness ... in the happy administration of her Grace's realms and dominions" (although elsewhere the Act stated that Mary was to be "sole queen"). Nonetheless, Philip was to co-reign with his wife.
Under the terms of the marriage treaty between Philip I of Naples (later Philip II of Spain from 15 January 1556) and Queen Mary I, Philip was to enjoy Mary's titles and honours for as long as their marriage should last. All official documents, including Acts of Parliament, were to be dated with both their names, and Parliament was to be called under the joint authority of the couple. An Act of Parliament gave him the title of king and stated that he "shall aid her Highness ... in the happy administration of her Grace's realms and dominions" (although elsewhere the Act stated that Mary was to be "sole queen"). Nonetheless, Philip was to co-reign with his wife.
Name
Under the terms of the marriage treaty between Philip I of Naples (later Philip II of Spain from 15 January 1556) and Queen Mary I, Philip was to enjoy Mary's titles and honours for as long as their marriage should last. All official documents, including Acts of Parliament, were to be dated with both their names, and Parliament was to be called under the joint authority of the couple. An Act of Parliament gave him the title of king and stated that he "shall aid her Highness ... in the happy administration of her Grace's realms and dominions" (although elsewhere the Act stated that Mary was to be "sole queen"). Nonetheless, Philip was to co-reign with his wife.
Elizabeth I17 November 1558–24 March 1603(44 years, 128 days)See also: Elizabethan era
Elizabeth I17 November 1558–24 March 1603(44 years, 128 days)See also: Elizabethan era
Name
Elizabeth I17 November 1558–24 March 1603(44 years, 128 days)See also: Elizabethan era
Arms
Birth
7 September 1533Greenwich PalaceDaughter of Henry VIIIand Anne Boleyn
Marriage(s)
Unmarried
Death
24 March 1603Richmond PalaceAged 69
Claim
Daughter of Henry VIIIThird Succession Act
Name
Portrait
Arms
Birth
Marriage(s)
Death
Claim
Mary I19 July 1553–17 November 1558(5 years, 122 days)
18 February 1516Greenwich PalaceDaughter of Henry VIIIand Catherine of Aragon
Philip II of SpainWinchester Cathedral25 July 1554No children
17 November 1558St James's PalaceAged 42
Daughter of Henry VIIIThird Succession Act
(Jure uxoris)Philip25 July 1554–17 November 1558(4 years, 116 days)
21 May 1527Palacio de PimentelSon of Charles V of the Holy Roman Empireand Isabella of Portugal
Mary I of EnglandWinchester Cathedral25 July 1554No children3 other marriages7 children
13 September 1598El EscorialAged 71
Husband of Mary IAct for the Marriage of Queen Mary to Philip of Spain
Under the terms of the marriage treaty between Philip I of Naples (later Philip II of Spain from 15 January 1556) and Queen Mary I, Philip was to enjoy Mary's titles and honours for as long as their marriage should last. All official documents, including Acts of Parliament, were to be dated with both their names, and Parliament was to be called under the joint authority of the couple. An Act of Parliament gave him the title of king and stated that he "shall aid her Highness ... in the happy administration of her Grace's realms and dominions" (although elsewhere the Act stated that Mary was to be "sole queen"). Nonetheless, Philip was to co-reign with his wife.
Elizabeth I17 November 1558–24 March 1603(44 years, 128 days)See also: Elizabethan era
7 September 1533Greenwich PalaceDaughter of Henry VIIIand Anne Boleyn
Unmarried
24 March 1603Richmond PalaceAged 69
Daughter of Henry VIIIThird Succession Act
· House of Stuart (1603–1649)
James I24 March 1603–27 March 1625(22 years, 4 days)
James I24 March 1603–27 March 1625(22 years, 4 days)
Name
James I24 March 1603–27 March 1625(22 years, 4 days)
Arms
Birth
19 June 1566Edinburgh CastleSon of Mary, Queen of Scots, and Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley
Marriage(s)
Anne of DenmarkOld Bishop's Palace, Oslo23 November 15897 children
Death
27 March 1625Theobalds HouseAged 58
Claim
Great-great-grandson / heir general of Henry VII
Charles I27 March 1625–30 January 1649(23 years, 310 days)
Charles I27 March 1625–30 January 1649(23 years, 310 days)
Name
Charles I27 March 1625–30 January 1649(23 years, 310 days)
Arms
19 November 1600Dunfermline PalaceSon of James Iand Anne of Denmark
Birth
Henrietta Maria of FranceSt Augustine's Abbey13 June 16259 children
Marriage(s)
30 January 1649Whitehall PalaceExecuted aged 48
Death
Son of James ICognatic primogeniture
Name
Portrait
Arms
Birth
Marriage(s)
Death
Claim
James I24 March 1603–27 March 1625(22 years, 4 days)
19 June 1566Edinburgh CastleSon of Mary, Queen of Scots, and Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley
Anne of DenmarkOld Bishop's Palace, Oslo23 November 15897 children
27 March 1625Theobalds HouseAged 58
Great-great-grandson / heir general of Henry VII
Charles I27 March 1625–30 January 1649(23 years, 310 days)
19 November 1600Dunfermline PalaceSon of James Iand Anne of Denmark
Henrietta Maria of FranceSt Augustine's Abbey13 June 16259 children
30 January 1649Whitehall PalaceExecuted aged 48
Son of James ICognatic primogeniture
· First Interregnum (1649–1660)
Oliver Cromwell16 December 1653–3 September 1658(4 years, 262 days)
Oliver Cromwell16 December 1653–3 September 1658(4 years, 262 days)
Name
Oliver Cromwell16 December 1653–3 September 1658(4 years, 262 days)
Arms
Birth
25 April 1599HuntingdonSon of Robert Cromwelland Elizabeth Steward
Marriage(s)
Elizabeth BourchierSt Giles22 August 16209 children
Death
3 September 1658WhitehallAged 59
Richard Cromwell3 September 1658–7 May 1659(247 days)
Richard Cromwell3 September 1658–7 May 1659(247 days)
Name
Richard Cromwell3 September 1658–7 May 1659(247 days)
Arms
4 October 1626HuntingdonSon of Oliver Cromwelland Elizabeth Bourchier
Birth
Dorothy MaijorMay 16499 children
Marriage(s)
12 July 1712CheshuntAged 85
Name
Portrait
Arms
Birth
Marriage(s)
Death
Oliver Cromwell16 December 1653–3 September 1658(4 years, 262 days)
25 April 1599HuntingdonSon of Robert Cromwelland Elizabeth Steward
Elizabeth BourchierSt Giles22 August 16209 children
3 September 1658WhitehallAged 59
Richard Cromwell3 September 1658–7 May 1659(247 days)
4 October 1626HuntingdonSon of Oliver Cromwelland Elizabeth Bourchier
Dorothy MaijorMay 16499 children
12 July 1712CheshuntAged 85
· House of Stuart (restored) (1660–1707)
Charles II29 May 1660–6 February 1685(24 years, 254 days)
Charles II29 May 1660–6 February 1685(24 years, 254 days)
Name
Charles II29 May 1660–6 February 1685(24 years, 254 days)
Arms
Birth
29 May 1630St James's PalaceSon of Charles Iand Henrietta Maria of France
Marriage(s)
Catherine of BraganzaRoyal Garrison Church21 May 1662No children
Death
6 February 1685Whitehall PalaceAged 54
Claim
Son of Charles ICognatic primogenitureEnglish Restoration
James II6 February 1685–23 December 1688(Overthrown after 3 years, 321 days)
James II6 February 1685–23 December 1688(Overthrown after 3 years, 321 days)
Name
James II6 February 1685–23 December 1688(Overthrown after 3 years, 321 days)
Arms
14 October 1633St James's PalaceSon of Charles Iand Henrietta Maria of France
Birth
(1) Anne HydeWorcester House, The Strand3 September 16608 children(2) Mary of ModenaDover Castle21 November 16737 children
Marriage(s)
16 September 1701Château de Saint-Germain-en-LayeAged 67
Death
Son of Charles ICognatic primogeniture
Name
Portrait
Arms
Birth
Marriage(s)
Death
Claim
Charles II29 May 1660–6 February 1685(24 years, 254 days)
29 May 1630St James's PalaceSon of Charles Iand Henrietta Maria of France
Catherine of BraganzaRoyal Garrison Church21 May 1662No children
6 February 1685Whitehall PalaceAged 54
Son of Charles ICognatic primogenitureEnglish Restoration
James II6 February 1685–23 December 1688(Overthrown after 3 years, 321 days)
14 October 1633St James's PalaceSon of Charles Iand Henrietta Maria of France
(1) Anne HydeWorcester House, The Strand3 September 16608 children(2) Mary of ModenaDover Castle21 November 16737 children
16 September 1701Château de Saint-Germain-en-LayeAged 67
Son of Charles ICognatic primogeniture
· House of Stuart (restored) (1660–1707) › Houses of Stuart and Orange
Mary II13 February 1689–28 December 1694(5 years, 319 days)
Mary II13 February 1689–28 December 1694(5 years, 319 days)
Name
Mary II13 February 1689–28 December 1694(5 years, 319 days)
Arms
Birth
30 April 1662St James's PalaceDaughter of James IIand Anne Hyde
Marriage(s)
William III of EnglandSt James's Palace4 November 1677No children
Death
28 December 1694Kensington PalaceAged 32
Claim
Daughter of James IIOffered the Crown by Parliament
William IIIWilliam of Orange13 February 1689–8 March 1702(13 years, 24 days)
William IIIWilliam of Orange13 February 1689–8 March 1702(13 years, 24 days)
Name
William IIIWilliam of Orange13 February 1689–8 March 1702(13 years, 24 days)
Arms
Birth
4 November 1650The BinnenhofSon of William II of Orangeand Mary, Princess Royal of England
Marriage(s)
Mary II of EnglandSt James's Palace4 November 1677No children
Death
8 March 1702Kensington PalaceAged 51
Claim
Grandson of Charles IOffered the Crown by Parliament
Anne8 March 1702–1 May 1707(5 years, 55 days)(Queen of Great Britain until1 August 1714)(12 years, 147 days)
Anne8 March 1702–1 May 1707(5 years, 55 days)(Queen of Great Britain until1 August 1714)(12 years, 147 days)
Name
Anne8 March 1702–1 May 1707(5 years, 55 days)(Queen of Great Britain until1 August 1714)(12 years, 147 days)
Arms
Birth
6 February 1665St James's PalaceDaughter of James IIand Anne Hyde
Marriage(s)
George of DenmarkSt James's Palace28 July 16833 children
Death
1 August 1714Kensington PalaceAged 49
Claim
Daughter of James IICognatic primogenitureBill of Rights 1689
Name
Portrait
Arms
Birth
Marriage(s)
Death
Claim
Mary II13 February 1689–28 December 1694(5 years, 319 days)
30 April 1662St James's PalaceDaughter of James IIand Anne Hyde
William III of EnglandSt James's Palace4 November 1677No children
28 December 1694Kensington PalaceAged 32
Daughter of James IIOffered the Crown by Parliament
William IIIWilliam of Orange13 February 1689–8 March 1702(13 years, 24 days)
4 November 1650The BinnenhofSon of William II of Orangeand Mary, Princess Royal of England
Mary II of EnglandSt James's Palace4 November 1677No children
8 March 1702Kensington PalaceAged 51
Grandson of Charles IOffered the Crown by Parliament
Anne8 March 1702–1 May 1707(5 years, 55 days)(Queen of Great Britain until1 August 1714)(12 years, 147 days)
6 February 1665St James's PalaceDaughter of James IIand Anne Hyde
George of DenmarkSt James's Palace28 July 16833 children
1 August 1714Kensington PalaceAged 49
Daughter of James IICognatic primogenitureBill of Rights 1689
Timeline of English monarchs

References

  1. Edward III became king at age 14.
  2. Æthelred was forced to go into exile in mid-1013, following Danish attacks, but was invited back following Sweyn Forkbea
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  9. Edward V was deposed by Richard III, who usurped the throne on the grounds that Edward was illegitimate. He was never cr
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  13. After the personal union of the crowns, James was the first to style himself King of Great Britain, but the title was re
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  15. Henry I was crowned on 5 August 1100.
  16. Stephen was crowned on 22 December 1135.
  17. Henry II was crowned on 19 December 1154 with his queen, Eleanor of Aquitaine.
  18. Richard I was crowned on 3 September 1189.
  19. John was crowned on 27 May 1199.
  20. Henry III was crowned on 28 October 1216.
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  26. Henry V was crowned on 9 April 1413.
  27. Henry VI was crowned on 6 November 1429.
  28. Edward IV was crowned on 28 June 1461.
  29. Richard III was crowned on 6 July 1483 with Queen Anne.
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