Liberal Party of Canada
Updated: 12/10/2025, 9:09:20 PM Wikipedia source
The Liberal Party of Canada (LPC; French: Parti libéral du Canada, PLC) is a national political party in Canada and has been the governing party at the federal level since 2015. It has been one of the primary contenders for power for much of Canada's history, leading its national government for close to 60% of time. Mark Carney has been its leader and the Prime Minister of Canada since March 2025. The Liberal Party espouses the principles of liberalism, and generally sits at the centre to centre-left of the Canadian political spectrum, with their main rival, the Conservative Party, positioned to their right and the New Democratic Party positioned to their left. The party is described as "big tent", practising "brokerage politics", attracting support from a broad spectrum of voters. The Liberal Party is the oldest currently active federal political party in the country, and has dominated the federal politics of Canada for much of its history. As a result, it has sometimes been referred to as Canada's "natural governing party". The party has been in continual existence since the confederation of Canada in 1867, and produced both the longest-serving prime minister, William Lyon Mackenzie King, and the prime minister with the longest continuous tenure, Wilfrid Laurier. King and Laurier have adorned Canada's $50 and $5 banknotes respectively since 1970. The party first came into power in 1873, with the party's first official leader Alexander Mackenzie leading the nation for five years. Following close to 20 years in opposition, Wilfrid Laurier led the party to victory in 1896 and facilitated many compromises between English and French Canada that shaped the bilingual nation during his 15-years premiership. During William Lyon Mackenzie King's 29 years as party leader, the party was in government from 1921 to 1926, from 1926 to 1930, and from 1935 to 1948. In the half century between 1935 and 1984, the party was in power for all but 7 years, winning elections under King, Louis St. Laurent, Lester B. Pearson, and Pierre Trudeau, leading the country through a period of significant expansion of the Canadian welfare state and the emergence of Canada as an independent voice in international affairs. In more recent decades, the party was in government from 1993 to 2006 led by Jean Chrétien and then Paul Martin, leaders who combined social liberalism with fiscal conservatism through a Third Way philosophy. It suffered its worst electoral defeat in 2011, the only national election to date in which the Liberals failed to attain the status of government or official opposition. It returned to power in 2015 led by Justin Trudeau, son of the previous Prime Minister Trudeau born during the senior Trudeau's premiership. Trudeau was succeeded by Mark Carney as party leader and prime minister in March 2025. The Liberals' signature policies and legislative decisions include universal health care, the Canada Pension Plan, Canada Student Loans, the establishment of the Royal Canadian Navy in 1910, the unification of the armed forces in 1968, multilateralism, official bilingualism, official multiculturalism, gun control, the patriation of the Constitution of Canada and the establishment of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, the Clarity Act, legalizing same-sex marriage, medical assistance in dying (MAID) otherwise known as euthanasia, cannabis, national carbon pricing, expanded access to abortion, national dental care, national pharmacare, a national school lunch program, and a national early learning and child care program.
Infobox
Abbreviation
LPCPLC
Leader
Mark Carney
President
Sachit Mehra
House leader
Steven MacKinnon
Founder
George Brown
Founded
July 1, 1867(158 years, 162 days)
Merger of
Parti rougeClear Grits
Headquarters
mw- Constitution Square350 Albert StreetSuite 920Ottawa, OntarioK1P 6M8
Youth wing
Young Liberals of Canada
Membership (2025)
400,000[a]
Ideology
Liberalism (Canadian)Social liberalism
Political position
Centre to centre-left
International affiliation
Liberal International
Colours
mw- Red
Slogan
Canada Strong (2025)
Senate[b]
0 / 105
House of Commons
170 / 343
Tables
· Election results › House of Commons
1867
1867
Election
1867
Leader
George Brown
Votes
60,818
%
22.70
Seats
62 / 180
+/–
62
Position
2nd
Status
Opposition
1872
1872
Election
1872
Leader
Edward Blake
Votes
110,556
%
34.70
Seats
95 / 200
+/–
33
Position
2nd
Status
Opposition
1874
1874
Election
1874
Leader
Alexander Mackenzie
Votes
128,455
%
39.50
Seats
129 / 206
+/–
34
Position
1st
Status
Majority
1878
1878
Election
1878
Leader
180,074
Votes
33.10
%
63 / 206
Seats
66
+/–
2nd
Position
Opposition
1882
1882
Election
1882
Leader
Edward Blake
Votes
160,547
%
31.10
Seats
73 / 211
+/–
10
Position
2nd
Status
Opposition
1887
1887
Election
1887
Leader
312,736
Votes
43.10
%
80 / 215
Seats
7
+/–
2nd
Position
Opposition
1891
1891
Election
1891
Leader
Wilfrid Laurier
Votes
350,512
%
45.20
Seats
90 / 215
+/–
10
Position
2nd
Status
Opposition
1896
1896
Election
1896
Leader
401,425
Votes
41.40
%
117 / 213
Seats
27
+/–
1st
Position
Majority
1900
1900
Election
1900
Leader
477,758
Votes
50.30
%
128 / 213
Seats
11
+/–
1st
Position
Majority
1904
1904
Election
1904
Leader
521,041
Votes
50.90
%
137 / 214
Seats
9
+/–
1st
Position
Majority
1908
1908
Election
1908
Leader
570,311
Votes
48.90
%
133 / 221
Seats
4
+/–
1st
Position
Majority
1911
1911
Election
1911
Leader
596,871
Votes
45.82
%
85 / 221
Seats
48
+/–
2nd
Position
Opposition
1917
1917
Election
1917
Leader
729,756
Votes
38.80
%
82 / 235
Seats
3
+/–
2nd
Position
Opposition
1921
1921
Election
1921
Leader
Mackenzie King
Votes
1,285,998
%
41.15
Seats
118 / 235
+/–
36
Position
1st
Status
Majority
1925
1925
Election
1925
Leader
1,252,684
Votes
39.74
%
100 / 245
Seats
18
+/–
2nd
Position
Minority
Opposition
Opposition
Election
Opposition
1926
1926
Election
1926
Leader
1,397,031
Votes
42.90
%
116 / 245
Seats
16
+/–
1st
Position
Minority
1930
1930
Election
1930
Leader
1,716,798
Votes
45.50
%
89 / 245
Seats
27
+/–
2nd
Position
Opposition
1935
1935
Election
1935
Leader
1,967,839
Votes
44.68
%
173 / 245
Seats
84
+/–
1st
Position
Majority
1940
1940
Election
1940
Leader
2,365,979
Votes
51.32
%
179 / 245
Seats
6
+/–
1st
Position
Majority
1945
1945
Election
1945
Leader
2,086,545
Votes
39.78
%
118 / 245
Seats
61
+/–
1st
Position
Minority
1949
1949
Election
1949
Leader
Louis St. Laurent
Votes
2,874,813
%
49.15
Seats
191 / 262
+/–
73
Position
1st
Status
Majority
1953
1953
Election
1953
Leader
2,731,633
Votes
48.43
%
169 / 265
Seats
22
+/–
1st
Position
Majority
1957
1957
Election
1957
Leader
2,702,573
Votes
40.50
%
105 / 265
Seats
64
+/–
2nd
Position
Opposition
1958
1958
Election
1958
Leader
Lester Pearson
Votes
2,432,953
%
33.40
Seats
48 / 265
+/–
57
Position
2nd
Status
Opposition
1962
1962
Election
1962
Leader
2,846,589
Votes
36.97
%
99 / 265
Seats
51
+/–
2nd
Position
Opposition
1963
1963
Election
1963
Leader
3,276,996
Votes
41.48
%
128 / 265
Seats
29
+/–
1st
Position
Minority
1965
1965
Election
1965
Leader
3,099,521
Votes
40.18
%
131 / 265
Seats
3
+/–
1st
Position
Minority
1968
1968
Election
1968
Leader
Pierre Trudeau
Votes
3,686,801
%
45.37
Seats
154 / 264
+/–
23
Position
1st
Status
Majority
1972
1972
Election
1972
Leader
3,717,804
Votes
38.42
%
109 / 264
Seats
45
+/–
1st
Position
Minority
1974
1974
Election
1974
Leader
4,102,853
Votes
43.15
%
141 / 264
Seats
32
+/–
1st
Position
Majority
1979
1979
Election
1979
Leader
4,595,319
Votes
40.11
%
114 / 282
Seats
27
+/–
2nd
Position
Opposition
1980
1980
Election
1980
Leader
4,855,425
Votes
44.34
%
147 / 282
Seats
33
+/–
1st
Position
Majority
1984
1984
Election
1984
Leader
John Turner
Votes
3,516,486
%
28.02
Seats
40 / 282
+/–
107
Position
2nd
Status
Opposition
1988
1988
Election
1988
Leader
4,205,072
Votes
31.92
%
83 / 295
Seats
43
+/–
2nd
Position
Opposition
1993
1993
Election
1993
Leader
Jean Chrétien
Votes
5,647,952
%
41.24
Seats
177 / 295
+/–
94
Position
1st
Status
Majority
1997
1997
Election
1997
Leader
4,994,277
Votes
38.46
%
155 / 301
Seats
22
+/–
1st
Position
Majority
2000
2000
Election
2000
Leader
5,252,031
Votes
40.85
%
172 / 301
Seats
17
+/–
1st
Position
Majority
2004
2004
Election
2004
Leader
Paul Martin
Votes
4,982,220
%
36.73
Seats
135 / 308
+/–
37
Position
1st
Status
Minority
2006
2006
Election
2006
Leader
4,479,415
Votes
30.23
%
103 / 308
Seats
32
+/–
2nd
Position
Opposition
2008
2008
Election
2008
Leader
Stéphane Dion
Votes
3,633,185
%
26.26
Seats
77 / 308
+/–
26
Position
2nd
Status
Opposition
2011
2011
Election
2011
Leader
Michael Ignatieff
Votes
2,783,175
%
18.91
Seats
34 / 308
+/–
43
Position
3rd
Status
Third party
2015
2015
Election
2015
Leader
Justin Trudeau
Votes
6,928,055
%
39.47
Seats
184 / 338
+/–
150
Position
1st
Status
Majority
2019
2019
Election
2019
Leader
6,018,728
Votes
33.12
%
157 / 338
Seats
27
+/–
1st
Position
Minority
2021
2021
Election
2021
Leader
5,556,629
Votes
32.62
%
160 / 338
Seats
3
+/–
1st
Position
Minority
2025
2025
Election
2025
Leader
Mark Carney
Votes
8,595,506
%
43.76
Seats
169 / 343
+/–
9
Position
1st
Status
Minority
| Election | Leader | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | Position | Status |
| 1867 | George Brown | 60,818 | 22.70 | 62 / 180 | 62 | 2nd | Opposition |
| 1872 | Edward Blake | 110,556 | 34.70 | 95 / 200 | 33 | 2nd | Opposition |
| 1874 | Alexander Mackenzie | 128,455 | 39.50 | 129 / 206 | 34 | 1st | Majority |
| 1878 | 180,074 | 33.10 | 63 / 206 | 66 | 2nd | Opposition | |
| 1882 | Edward Blake | 160,547 | 31.10 | 73 / 211 | 10 | 2nd | Opposition |
| 1887 | 312,736 | 43.10 | 80 / 215 | 7 | 2nd | Opposition | |
| 1891 | Wilfrid Laurier | 350,512 | 45.20 | 90 / 215 | 10 | 2nd | Opposition |
| 1896 | 401,425 | 41.40 | 117 / 213 | 27 | 1st | Majority | |
| 1900 | 477,758 | 50.30 | 128 / 213 | 11 | 1st | Majority | |
| 1904 | 521,041 | 50.90 | 137 / 214 | 9 | 1st | Majority | |
| 1908 | 570,311 | 48.90 | 133 / 221 | 4 | 1st | Majority | |
| 1911 | 596,871 | 45.82 | 85 / 221 | 48 | 2nd | Opposition | |
| 1917 | 729,756 | 38.80 | 82 / 235 | 3 | 2nd | Opposition | |
| 1921 | Mackenzie King | 1,285,998 | 41.15 | 118 / 235 | 36 | 1st | Majority |
| 1925 | 1,252,684 | 39.74 | 100 / 245 | 18 | 2nd | Minority | |
| Opposition | |||||||
| 1926 | 1,397,031 | 42.90 | 116 / 245 | 16 | 1st | Minority | |
| 1930 | 1,716,798 | 45.50 | 89 / 245 | 27 | 2nd | Opposition | |
| 1935 | 1,967,839 | 44.68 | 173 / 245 | 84 | 1st | Majority | |
| 1940 | 2,365,979 | 51.32 | 179 / 245 | 6 | 1st | Majority | |
| 1945 | 2,086,545 | 39.78 | 118 / 245 | 61 | 1st | Minority | |
| 1949 | Louis St. Laurent | 2,874,813 | 49.15 | 191 / 262 | 73 | 1st | Majority |
| 1953 | 2,731,633 | 48.43 | 169 / 265 | 22 | 1st | Majority | |
| 1957 | 2,702,573 | 40.50 | 105 / 265 | 64 | 2nd | Opposition | |
| 1958 | Lester Pearson | 2,432,953 | 33.40 | 48 / 265 | 57 | 2nd | Opposition |
| 1962 | 2,846,589 | 36.97 | 99 / 265 | 51 | 2nd | Opposition | |
| 1963 | 3,276,996 | 41.48 | 128 / 265 | 29 | 1st | Minority | |
| 1965 | 3,099,521 | 40.18 | 131 / 265 | 3 | 1st | Minority | |
| 1968 | Pierre Trudeau | 3,686,801 | 45.37 | 154 / 264 | 23 | 1st | Majority |
| 1972 | 3,717,804 | 38.42 | 109 / 264 | 45 | 1st | Minority | |
| 1974 | 4,102,853 | 43.15 | 141 / 264 | 32 | 1st | Majority | |
| 1979 | 4,595,319 | 40.11 | 114 / 282 | 27 | 2nd | Opposition | |
| 1980 | 4,855,425 | 44.34 | 147 / 282 | 33 | 1st | Majority | |
| 1984 | John Turner | 3,516,486 | 28.02 | 40 / 282 | 107 | 2nd | Opposition |
| 1988 | 4,205,072 | 31.92 | 83 / 295 | 43 | 2nd | Opposition | |
| 1993 | Jean Chrétien | 5,647,952 | 41.24 | 177 / 295 | 94 | 1st | Majority |
| 1997 | 4,994,277 | 38.46 | 155 / 301 | 22 | 1st | Majority | |
| 2000 | 5,252,031 | 40.85 | 172 / 301 | 17 | 1st | Majority | |
| 2004 | Paul Martin | 4,982,220 | 36.73 | 135 / 308 | 37 | 1st | Minority |
| 2006 | 4,479,415 | 30.23 | 103 / 308 | 32 | 2nd | Opposition | |
| 2008 | Stéphane Dion | 3,633,185 | 26.26 | 77 / 308 | 26 | 2nd | Opposition |
| 2011 | Michael Ignatieff | 2,783,175 | 18.91 | 34 / 308 | 43 | 3rd | Third party |
| 2015 | Justin Trudeau | 6,928,055 | 39.47 | 184 / 338 | 150 | 1st | Majority |
| 2019 | 6,018,728 | 33.12 | 157 / 338 | 27 | 1st | Minority | |
| 2021 | 5,556,629 | 32.62 | 160 / 338 | 3 | 1st | Minority | |
| 2025 | Mark Carney | 8,595,506 | 43.76 | 169 / 343 | 9 | 1st | Minority |
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