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Lee Jae Myung

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Lee Jae Myung

Lee Jae Myung (Korean: 이재명; pronounced [i.dʑɛ.mjʌŋ]; born c. 8 December 1963) is a South Korean politician and lawyer who has served as the 14th president of South Korea since 2025. A member of the Democratic Party of Korea (DPK), he held office as the party's leader from 2022 to 2025 and represented Gyeyang B in the National Assembly from 2022 to 2025. Lee previously served as Governor of Gyeonggi Province from 2018 to 2021. Lee was born into a poor family in Andong. After elementary school, he went to work at a factory in Seongnam, where an accident left him disabled. He earned middle and high school equivalency diplomas and graduated from Chung-Ang University with a law degree in 1986. As a human rights and labor lawyer, Lee worked with Minbyun to organize efforts advocating for opening a new hospital in Seongnam. Lee entered politics in 2005 and ran in several elections without success. He was elected mayor of Seongnam in 2010 and re-elected in 2014. In 2017, he sought the DPK's presidential nomination but lost to Moon Jae-in. Lee resigned as mayor in 2018 to run for governor of Gyeonggi Province, won that race, and served until 2021. In 2022, he won his party's presidential nomination and narrowly lost the general election to Yoon Suk Yeol of the People Power Party (PPP). Lee survived an assassination attempt in January 2024. In November, he was convicted under the Public Official Election Act for falsely denying a connection to Kim Moon-ki, a former Seongnam Development Corporation executive, during his 2022 presidential campaign. During the 2024 martial law crisis, Lee drew international attention by climbing over the National Assembly building fence and livestreaming the event. He then helped lead the impeachment of Yoon Suk Yeol. After the Constitutional Court of Korea removed Yoon from office, Lee launched a third presidential bid in 2025, won the DPK nomination, and defeated the PPP candidate Kim Moon-soo in the presidential election.

Infobox

RR
I Jaemyeong
Prime Minister
mw- Lee Ju-ho (acting)Kim Min-seok
MR
I Chaemyŏng
Other politicalaffiliations
Uri (2005–2007)GUDNP (2007–2008)UDP (2008–2011)DUP (2011–2014)
Hanja
李在明
Preceded by
Lee Dae-yup
Hangul
이재명
Occupation
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Spouse
mw- Kim Hea Kyung (m. 1991)
Education
Chung-Ang University (LLB)Gachon University (MPA)
Born
c. (1963-12-08) 8 December 1963 (age 61)[b]Andong, South Korea
Children
2
IPA
[i.dʑɛ.mjʌŋ]
Succeeded by
Eun Su-mi
Political party
Democratic (since 2014)

Tables

2006 Seongnam mayoral election · Electoral history
Total votes
Total votes
Party
Total votes
Party
331,884
Candidate
100.0
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
Grand National
Lee Dae-yup
177,531
54.0
Uri
Lee Jae Myung
78,059
23.8
Democratic
Jang Yeong-ha
38,144
11.6
Democratic Labor
Kim Mi-hee
34,909
10.6
Total votes
331,884
100.0
Grand National hold
2008 South Korean legislative election – Seongnam Bundang A, Gyeonggi Province · Electoral history
Total votes
Total votes
Party
Total votes
Party
72,490
Candidate
100.0
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
Grand National
Ko Heong-gil
46,396
64.7
UDP
Lee Jae Myung
23,822
33.2
PUFP
Choi Jeong-hwan
1,455
2.0
Total votes
72,490
100.0
Grand National hold
2010 Seongnam mayoral election · Electoral history
Total votes
Total votes
Party
Total votes
Party
397,878
Candidate
100.0
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
Democratic
Lee Jae Myung
201,047
51.2
Grand National
Hwang Joon-gi
169,510
43.1
Independent
Lee Dae-yup
22,360
5.7
Total votes
397,878
100.0
Democratic gain from Grand National
2014 Seongnam mayoral election · Electoral history
Total votes
Total votes
Party
Total votes
Party
448,996
Candidate
100.0
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
NPAD
Lee Jae Myung
239,685
55.1
Saenuri
Shin Yeong-su
191,749
44.0
The New Politics
Heo Jae-ahn
3,901
0.9
Total votes
448,996
100.0
NPAD hold
2018 Gyeonggi gubernatorial election · Electoral history
Total votes
Total votes
Party
Total votes
Party
5,975,527
Candidate
100.0
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
Democratic
Lee Jae Myung
3,370,621
56.4
Liberty Korea
Nam Kyung-pil
2,122,433
35.5
Bareunmirae
Kim Young-hwan
287,504
4.8
Justice
Lee Hong-woo
151,871
2.5
Minjung
Hong Sung-kyu
43,098
0.7
Total votes
5,975,527
100.0
Democratic gain from Liberty Korea
2022 South Korean presidential election · Electoral history
Total votes
Total votes
Party
Total votes
Party
33,760,311
Candidate
100.00
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
People Power
Yoon Suk Yeol
16,394,815
48.56
Democratic
Lee Jae Myung
16,147,738
47.83
Justice
Sim Sang-jung
803,358
2.38
National Revolutionary
Huh Kyung-young
281,481
0.83
Progressive
Kim Jae-yeon
37,366
0.11
Our Republican
Cho Won-jin
25,972
0.08
Basic Income
Oh Jun-ho
18,105
0.05
Korean Wave Alliance
Kim Min-chan
17,305
0.05
Korean Unification
Lee Gyeong-hee
11,708
0.03
Labor
Lee Baek-yun
9,176
0.03
New Liberal Democratic Union
Kim Gyeong-jae
8,317
0.02
Saenuri
Ok Un-ho
4,970
0.01
Total votes
33,760,311
100.00
People Power gain from Democratic
June 2022 South Korean by-elections – Gyeyang B, Incheon · Electoral history
Total votes
Total votes
Party
Total votes
Party
80,175
Candidate
100.0
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
Democratic
Lee Jae Myung
44,289
55.24
People Power
Yoon Hyeong-seon
35,886
44.75
Total votes
80,175
100.0
Democratic hold
2024 South Korean legislative election – Gyeyang B, Incheon · Electoral history
Total votes
Total votes
Party
Total votes
Party
89,354
Candidate
100.0
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
Democratic
Lee Jae Myung
48,365
54.12
People Power
Won Hee-ryong
40,616
45.45
Tomorrow, Future
Choi Chang-won
372
0.41
Total votes
89,354
100.0
Democratic hold
2025 South Korean presidential election · Electoral history
Total votes
Total votes
Party
Total votes
Party
35,236,497
Candidate
100.00
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
Democratic
Lee Jae Myung
17,287,513
49.42
People Power
Kim Moon-soo
14,395,639
41.15
Reform
Lee Jun-seok
2,917,523
8.34
Justice
Kwon Yeong-guk
344,150
0.98
Independent
Song Jin-ho
35,791
0.10
Total votes
35,236,497
100.00
Democratic gain from People Power
2017 South Korean presidential election Democratic Primary · Electoral history › Primary election
Total votes
Total votes
Party
Total votes
Party
1,642,677
Candidate
100.0
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
Democratic
Moon Jae-in
936,419
57.0
Democratic
Ahn Hee-jung
353,631
21.5
Democratic
Lee Jae Myung
347,647
21.2
Democratic
Choi Sung
4,943
0.3
Total votes
1,642,677
100.0
2022 South Korean presidential election Democratic Primary · Electoral history › Primary election
Total votes
Total votes
Party
Total votes
Party
1,431,593
Candidate
100.0
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
Democratic
Lee Jae Myung
719,905
50.3
Democratic
Lee Nak-yeon
560,392
39.1
Democratic
Choo Mi-ae
129,035
9.0
Democratic
Park Yong-jin
22,261
1.6
Total votes
1,431,593
100.0
2025 South Korean presidential election Democratic Primary · Electoral history › Primary election
Total votes
Total votes
Party
Total votes
Party
690,514
Candidate
100.0
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
Democratic
Lee Jae Myung
623,695
89.8
Democratic
Kim Dong-yeon
41,307
6.9
Democratic
Kim Kyoung-soo
25,512
3.4
Total votes
690,514
100.0
· External links
Preceded byLee Dae-yup
Preceded byLee Dae-yup
Political offices
Preceded byLee Dae-yup
Political offices
Mayor of Seongnam 2010–2018
Political offices
Succeeded byEun Su-mi
Preceded byNam Kyung-pil
Preceded byNam Kyung-pil
Political offices
Preceded byNam Kyung-pil
Political offices
Governor of Gyeonggi Province 2018–2021
Political offices
Succeeded byKim Dong-yeon
Preceded byYoon Suk YeolLee Ju-ho (acting)
Preceded byYoon Suk YeolLee Ju-ho (acting)
Political offices
Preceded byYoon Suk YeolLee Ju-ho (acting)
Political offices
President of South Korea 2025–present
Political offices
Incumbent
Party political offices
Party political offices
Political offices
Party political offices
Preceded byMoon Jae-in
Preceded byMoon Jae-in
Political offices
Preceded byMoon Jae-in
Political offices
Democratic nominee for President of South Korea 2022, 2025
Political offices
Most recent
Preceded byWoo Sang-ho
Preceded byWoo Sang-ho
Political offices
Preceded byWoo Sang-ho
Political offices
Leader of the Democratic Party 2022–2025
Political offices
Succeeded byPark Chan-dae
National Assembly of the Republic of Korea
National Assembly of the Republic of Korea
Political offices
National Assembly of the Republic of Korea
Preceded bySong Young-gil
Preceded bySong Young-gil
Political offices
Preceded bySong Young-gil
Political offices
Member of the National Assemblyfrom Gyeyang B (Incheon) 2022–2025
Political offices
Most recent
Political offices
Preceded byLee Dae-yup
Mayor of Seongnam 2010–2018
Succeeded byEun Su-mi
Preceded byNam Kyung-pil
Governor of Gyeonggi Province 2018–2021
Succeeded byKim Dong-yeon
Preceded byYoon Suk YeolLee Ju-ho (acting)
President of South Korea 2025–present
Incumbent
Party political offices
Preceded byMoon Jae-in
Democratic nominee for President of South Korea 2022, 2025
Most recent
Preceded byWoo Sang-ho
Leader of the Democratic Party 2022–2025
Succeeded byPark Chan-dae
National Assembly of the Republic of Korea
Preceded bySong Young-gil
Member of the National Assemblyfrom Gyeyang B (Incheon) 2022–2025
Most recent

References

  1. Suspended from 24 June to 18 August 2024 when Lee stepped down to run for re-election as leader. Park Chan-dae served as
  2. It is believed that Lee was born around this date; Lee's father registered his birth date late. Lee's legal birth date i
  3. He uses "Lee Jae Myung" on his passport. His name was previously widely rendered by foreign media as Lee Jae-myung, but
  4. National Assembly (South Korea)
    https://www.assembly.go.kr/portal/assm/assmMemb/memberProfile.do?monaCd=IUD9392R&st=22&viewType=CONTBODY
  5. Korea JoongAng Daily
    https://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/2025-06-26/national/politics/Lee-Jae-Myungs-disappearing-hyphen-captures-long-quirky-history-of-romanizing-Korean-names/2338864
  6. The Korea Times
    https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/southkorea/20250618/korea-times-notice-on-spelling-of-presidents-name
  7. The Chosun Ilbo
    https://www.chosun.com/politics/politics_general/2022/12/22/NEGW5HHZONE33KMEASYIB4RCXM/
  8. Korea JoongAng Daily
    https://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/2025-04-10/national/politics/Lee-Jaemyung-just-announced-hes-running-for-president-Heres-everything-you-need-to-know/2281593
  9. raythep.mk.co.kr/
    https://raythep.mk.co.kr/newsView.php?cc=270001&no=23424
  10. JoongAng Ilbo
    https://www.joongang.co.kr/article/24050817
  11. "Gov. Lee Jae Myung elected as DP's presidential candidate"
    https://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/2021/10/10/national/politics/lee-jaemyung-wins-dp-primary-korea/20211010194843432.html
  12. Pressian
    https://www.pressian.com/pages/articles/126369
  13. 굿타임즈
    http://www.goodtms.net/news/articleView.html?idxno=1124
  14. 이재명 "나도 등록 장애인...대통령이 직접 장애정책 챙기겠다" – 매일경제
    https://www.mk.co.kr/news/politics/view/2022/02/148182/
  15. The Chosun Ilbo
    https://www.chosun.com/politics/politics_general/2021/05/15/H2DSA2BHINFUFNOORM6OMM63HE/
  16. Korea JoongAng Daily
    https://www.joongang.co.kr/article/25024592
  17. 이재명, 흙수저 소년공에서 與 대선후보까지
    https://www.kgnews.co.kr/news/article.html?no=670744
  18. 이재명 "억강부약 대동세상 열겠다" 출사표
    http://www.m-i.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=841955
  19. "In land of 'Parasite' and 'Squid Game,' a hero rises"
    https://asiatimes.com/2021/10/in-land-of-parasite-and-squid-game-a-hero-rises/
  20. Kyunghyang Shinmun
    https://m.khan.co.kr/article/202109020806001
  21. The Chosun Ilbo
    https://m.monthly.chosun.com/client/news/viw.asp?nNewsNumb=202110100013
  22. KBS News
    https://news.kbs.co.kr/news/view.do?ncd=317712
  23. 매일경제
    https://www.mk.co.kr/en/politics/11044016
  24. 매일경제
    https://www.mk.co.kr/en/society/11177560
  25. News1
    https://www.news1.kr/articles/4432580
  26. "가천대 "이재명 석사논문 '유효'…표절심사 대상 아니다""
    https://n.news.naver.com/article/001/0008883119
  27. [경기도지사 당선자 이재명 그는 누구인가]'흙수저' 소년공, 인권변호사 거쳐 '1300만 도정 책임자'로
    https://www.kyeongin.com/main/view.php?key=20180613010004808
  28. The Chosun Ilbo
    http://monthly.chosun.com/client/news/viw.asp?ctcd=A&nNewsNumb=201404100013
  29. The Korea Economic Daily
    https://news.v.daum.net/v/Jf1bfkSqqK
  30. "Lee Jae Myung, a 'bulldozing public administrator' fearless of conflicts"
    https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/nation/2021/09/356_315358.html
  31. Daum
    http://media.daum.net/m/channel/view/media/20161213115015708
  32. Korea JoongAng Daily
    http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=3049178
  33. "Mature actress defends her troubled mother"
    https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/art/2018/06/398_250474.html
  34. The Korea Herald
    http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20191119000811
  35. Korea JoongAng Daily
    https://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/2018/06/10/politics/Actress-admits-to-affair-with-Lee-Jaemyung/3049178.html
  36. "민주, 서울 박원순·경기 이재명·광주 이용섭 후보 확정(종합)]. 연합뉴스"
    https://news.naver.com/main/read.nhn?mode=LSD&mid=sec&sid1=100&oid=001&aid=0010038447
  37. Yonhap News Agency
    https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20210113006700315
  38. News Tomato
    https://www.newstomato.com/ReadNews.aspx?no=1109483
  39. News Power
    https://newspower.co.kr/45695
  40. Thomson Reuters Foundation News
    https://news.trust.org/item/20210319063650-8pdrt
  41. The Korea Times
    https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/nation/2021/03/119_305665.html
  42. The Korea Herald
    http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20210322000767
  43. 연합뉴스TV
    http://www.yonhapnewstv.co.kr/news/MYH20210324010400038
  44. Hankook Ilbo
    https://www.hankookilbo.com/News/Read/A2021022209400001848?t=20210505174309
  45. The Seoul Economic Daily
    https://www.sedaily.com/NewsView/22L9DV64XG/GE0303
  46. The Hankyoreh
    https://www.hani.co.kr/arti/politics/politics_general/993047.html
  47. Korea JoongAng Daily
    https://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/2021/01/19/national/politics/Lee-Jaemyung-Gyeonggi-governor-Covid19-relief/20210119185200597.html
  48. Yonhap News Agency
    https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20211107003000315
  49. Yonhap News Agency
    https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20211025005800315
  50. Yonhap News Agency
    https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20220508001151315?section=national/politics
  51. Yonhap News Agency
    https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20220826004051315
  52. "(LEAD) Opposition leader Lee Jae Myung attacked during visit to Busan"
    https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20240102003451315
  53. "Lee Jae Myung: South Korea opposition leader stabbed in neck on visit to Busan"
    https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-67860330
  54. Reuters
    https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/south-korea-opposition-chief-stabbed-during-visit-busan-yonhap-2024-01-02/
  55. "South Korean opposition leader stabbed in neck, airlifted to hospital"
    https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/1/2/south-korean-opposition-leader-stabbed-in-neck-rushed-to-hospital
  56. "Head of South Korean Opposition Party Is Stabbed"
    https://www.wsj.com/world/asia/lee-jae-myung-head-of-south-korean-opposition-party-is-stabbed-f9ac661f
  57. "(7th LD) Attacked opposition leader Lee's surgery completed, progress closely monitored"
    https://m-en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20240102003457315
  58. USA Today
    https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2024/12/03/south-korea-martial-law-president-yoon-suk-yeol-2024/76735722007/
  59. Politico
    https://www.politico.com/news/2024/12/03/south-korean-president-declares-emergency-martial-law-00192308
  60. The Independent
    https://www.independent.co.uk/asia/east-asia/south-korea-martial-law-president-b2658734.html
  61. The Chosun Ilbo
    https://www.chosun.com/english/national-en/2024/12/06/PQCEUXABFRBNTEYSOJRH4XEJYI/
  62. Daum
    https://v.daum.net/v/20241206135858329
  63. Daum
    https://v.daum.net/v/20241206164803233
  64. CNN
    https://edition.cnn.com/2024/12/14/asia/south-korea-yoon-second-impeachment-hnk-intl/index.html
  65. Bloomberg News
    https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-12-05/south-korea-opposition-chief-says-ousting-yoon-will-be-difficult
  66. "The leader of South Korea's opposition first thought the president's martial law declaration was a deepfake"
    https://www.businessinsider.com/south-korea-opposition-leader-martial-law-declaration-was-deepfake-2024-12
  67. The Korea Times
    https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/nation/2024/12/356_388439.html
  68. CNA
    https://www.channelnewsasia.com/east-asia/lee-jae-myung-south-korea-opposition-presidency-won-legal-appeal-5024866
  69. Al Jazeera
    https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/3/26/south-korea-opposition-clears-hurdle-for-presidency
  70. CNBC
    https://www.cnbc.com/2025/05/01/south-korea-top-court-overturns-lee-jae-myungs-criminal-case.html
  71. Korea JoongAng
    https://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/2025-05-07/national/politics/DP-candidate-Lee-Jaemyungs-retrial-rescheduled-to-after-the-June-3-election/2301627
  72. The Korea Herald
    https://www.koreaherald.com/article/10504857
  73. 문재인 1위… 이재명, 반기문 제치고 2위 껑충
    https://web.archive.org/web/20210926162602/https://www.hankookilbo.com/News/Read/201612120432526416
  74. 3위로 치고 나온 이재명, 초조해진 대선가도 잠룡들
    https://news.naver.com/main/read.naver?mode=LSD&mid=sec&oid=009&aid=0003843344&sid1=001
  75. Pressian
    https://www.pressian.com/pages/articles/2020091618141358460
  76. 오마이뉴스
    https://news.naver.com/main/read.nhn?mode=LSD&mid=sec&sid1=100&oid=047&aid=0002146281
  77. "Gyeonggi governor vows to tackle inequality, unfairness"
    https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/nation/2021/08/356_311451.html
  78. Nikkei Asia
    https://asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/South-Korea-election/Lee-Jae-myung-wins-South-Korea-ruling-party-s-presidential-primary
  79. [속보] 이재명 민주당 대선후보 확정...누적 득표율 50.29%
    https://www.hani.co.kr/arti/politics/assembly/1014593.html#csidx3e8e5188b3bb38fb628bf704989e246
  80. The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/03/08/world/korean-election
  81. The Chosun Ilbo
    https://www.chosun.com/politics/assembly/2025/04/09/LXN5NMHIFRAELKRK7ZPA4IQCGM/
  82. BBC News
    https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cd7ve4qnlw9o
  83. AP News
    https://apnews.com/article/south-korea-lee-jae-myung-opposition-leader-presidential-election-e659e9b100f51ede93623c2ba768fd6d
  84. The Dong-A Ilbo
    https://www.donga.com/news/Politics/article/all/20250427/131501725/2
  85. Yonhap News Agency
    https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20250518000651315
  86. National Election Commission
    http://info.nec.go.kr/electioninfo/electionInfo_report.xhtml?electionId=0020250603&requestURI=/electioninfo/0020250603/vc/vccp09.jsp&secondMenuId=VCCP09&statementId=VCCP09_%231&electionCode=1&cityCode=0
  87. The Diplomat
    https://thediplomat.com/2025/06/polls-lee-jae-myung-to-become-next-president-of-south-korea/
  88. "New president to take office hours after polls close"
    https://www.chosun.com/english/national-en/2025/06/03/TLR6KGN2WBB6HEMAVJKKIBJOFE/
  89. "Lee sworn in as S. Korean president"
    https://en.yna.co.kr/view/PYH20250604105800315?section=image/general
  90. Reuters
    https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/south-koreas-liberal-new-president-lee-jae-myung-vows-economic-revival-judgement-2025-06-03/
  91. "Lee Jae Myung to take presidential oath at National Assembly at 11 am"
    https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/southkorea/politics/20250604/lee-jae-myung-to-take-presidential-oath-at-national-assembly-at-11-am
  92. "New president vows to unite divided nation in inaugural address"
    https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/southkorea/politics/20250604/s-koreas-new-president-lee-jae-myung-vows-to-end-divisive-politics-in-inaugural-speech
  93. "The first official schedule emphasizes the 'world of living together' in the guest book for visiting the Seoul National Cemetery"
    https://www.mk.co.kr/en/politics/11334034
  94. "DP lawmaker nominated as prime minister"
    https://en.yna.co.kr/view/PYH20250604207700315?section=image/general
  95. "President nominates Rep. Kim Min-seok as prime minister"
    https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/southkorea/politics/20250604/south-koreas-new-president-likely-to-nominate-dpk-lawmaker-kim-min-seok-as-pm
  96. Yonhap
    https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20250605010400315
  97. Yonhap News Agency
    https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20250605006251315
  98. Yonhap News Agency
    https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20250605010100315
  99. "South Korea's Lee names first civilian defence minister in decades"
    https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/south-koreas-lee-names-first-civilian-defence-minister-decades-2025-06-23/
  100. AP News
    https://apnews.com/article/south-korea-civilian-defense-minister-526c59e3843c7b6ab09032e1451fe1cc
  101. "Kim Min-seok officially appointed as S. Korean PM following Nat'l Assembly approval"
    https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20250703000953315
  102. "PM inaugurated at ceremony in Sejong"
    https://www.koreaherald.com/article/10525828
  103. Korea JoongAng Daily
    https://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/2025-07-07/national/politics/New-Prime-Minister-Kim-Minseok-to-focus-on-economy-transparency-and-accountability/2347098
  104. "President Lee appoints 12 vice-ministerial officials"
    https://www.chosun.com/english/national-en/2025/07/13/LGBNFG7BCRG7VOAM6WX3Z4HXH4/
  105. "Ceremony held to celebrate launch of Lee gov't with citizens"
    https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/southkorea/politics/20250815/ceremony-held-to-celebrate-launch-of-lee-govt-with-citizens
  106. AP News
    https://apnews.com/article/south-korea-president-lee-adoptions-apology-b0719884f8c3fd98b83ab8ddc0ff3017
  107. www.koreatimes.co.kr
    https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/foreignaffairs/20251002/president-orders-ministries-to-stamp-out-anti-china-rallies-citing-harm-to-natl-image
  108. The Economist
    https://www.economist.com/business/2025/10/23/in-south-korea-a-corporate-governance-revolution-is-under-way
  109. koreajoongangdaily.joins.com
    https://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/2025-06-27/business/economy/President-Lees-first-real-estate-clampdown-A-600-million-won-cap-on-mortgages/2340308
  110. The Korea Herald
    https://www.koreaherald.com/article/10513361
  111. Reuters
    https://www.reuters.com/business/world-at-work/south-korea-expands-labour-protections-with-new-union-rules-2025-08-24/
  112. Bloomberg News
    https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2025-08-29/south-korea-eyes-8-1-budget-increase-to-aid-growth-amid-tariffs
  113. The Economist
    https://www.economist.com/asia/2025/11/09/south-koreas-new-president-is-fixing-relations-with-america-japan-and-china
  114. Bloomberg News
    https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2025-11-01/xi-lee-will-hold-talks-in-south-korea-saturday-to-rebuild-ties
  115. BBC News 코리아
    https://www.bbc.com/korean/articles/c4gr1jg8515o
  116. 한겨레
    https://www.hani.co.kr/arti/politics/defense/1202391.html
  117. 연합뉴스
    https://www.yna.co.kr/view/AKR20250613117500504
  118. 조선일보
    https://www.chosun.com/politics/diplomacy-defense/2025/06/12/67TIWEQX3ZHMXJN3XGKFFB4WBA/
  119. 연합뉴스
    https://www.yna.co.kr/view/AKR20250703122000504?section=politics/all
  120. "North Korea Rejects New South Korean Leader's Peace Overtures"
    https://www.nytimes.com/2025/07/28/world/asia/north-korea-rejects-peace-gestures.html
  121. AP News
    https://apnews.com/article/south-korea-japan-lee-ishiba-trump-f88d9e611765b7627a27d27f10547cc7
  122. The Philippine Star
    https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2025/09/10/2471839/south-korea-cancels-support-flagship-marcos-bridge-project
  123. GMA News
    https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/money/companies/958662/south-korea-halts-p28-b-loan-to-ph-citing-corruption-dof-says-no-such-loan-exists/story/
  124. Báo điện tử Dân Trí
    https://dantri.com.vn/lao-dong-viec-lam/han-quoc-tinh-gia-tang-uu-dai-de-thu-hut-lao-dong-viet-nam-20250804105829503.htm
  125. 아주경제
    https://www.ajunews.com/view/20250810150337783
  126. The Blue Roof
    https://www.blueroofpolitics.com/post/lee-jae-myung-addresses-south-koreas-history-with-vietnam/
  127. world.kbs.co.kr
    http://world.kbs.co.kr/service/news_view.htm?lang=e&Seq_Code=195195
  128. "Live updates: Trump hosts South Korea's new leader, Lee Jae Myung, for a trade summit"
    https://apnews.com/live/donald-trump-news-updates-8-25-2025
  129. "In South Korea, Trump gets a gold crown and highest state honor"
    https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2025/10/29/trump-gold-crown-south-korea/86959263007/
  130. bHani
    http://www.hani.co.kr/arti/society/society_general/870626.html
  131. Yonhap News Agency
    https://www.yna.co.kr/view/AKR20181211122700061
  132. "[Who is ?#93; 이재명 경기도 도지사"
    http://www.businesspost.co.kr/BP?command=article_view&num=161245
  133. 르몽드디플로마티크
    http://www.ilemonde.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=12996
  134. JoongAng Ilbo
    https://news.joins.com/article/23826590
  135. The Korea Economic Daily
    https://www.hankyung.com/politics/article/201910170718H
  136. 리걸타임즈
    http://www.legaltimes.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=54343
  137. Korea JoongAng Daily
    https://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/2023/01/10/national/politics/Korea-Lee-Jaemyung-Democratic-Party/20230110172221717.html
  138. The Hankyoreh
    https://english.hani.co.kr/arti/english_edition/e_national/1081610.html
  139. The Hankyoreh
    https://www.hani.co.kr/arti/politics/politics_general/1023982.html
  140. Reuters
    https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/south-korea-indicts-opposition-leader-lee-over-property-graft-2023-03-22/
  141. Korea JoongAng Daily
    https://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/2023-09-21/national/politics/National-Assembly-clears-way-for-DP-leaders-arrest/1875431
  142. Yonhap News Agency
    https://en.yna.co.kr/view/PYH20230921236700325
  143. Reuters
    https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/south-korea-opposition-leader-avoids-jail-after-court-rejects-warrant-2023-09-27/
  144. The Hankyoreh
    https://www.hani.co.kr/arti/area/capital/1144492.html
  145. Voice of America
    https://www.voanews.com/a/south-korean-opposition-leader-indicted-on-bribery-charges/7652654.html
  146. Reuters
    https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/south-korea-opposition-leader-lee-indicted-over-funds-transfer-north-korea-2024-06-12/
  147. Al Jazeera
    https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/11/15/south-korean-opposition-leader-convicted-for-violating-election-law
  148. Reuters
    https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/south-korea-opposition-leader-convicted-violating-election-law-yonhap-reports-2024-11-15/
  149. Associated Press
    https://apnews.com/article/south-korea-lee-opposition-leader-acquit-perjury-bd186751919fc15c76eb419168336e90
  150. Yonhap News Agency
    https://www.yna.co.kr/view/AKR20250324155200004
  151. Yonhap News Agency
    https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20250501000453315
  152. The Korea Times
    https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/nation/2025/03/356_394821.html
  153. AP News
    https://apnews.com/article/south-korea-martial-law-yoon-opposition-lee-de01220bcef905757b795ad73834df0c
  154. Yonhap News Agency
    https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20250328006000315
  155. JTBC
    https://news.jtbc.joins.com/article/article.aspx?news_id=NB12028901
  156. [전문]이재명 제1호 공약 '전환적 공정성장' 기자회견문
    https://news.mt.co.kr/mtview.php?no=2021071813493721351
  157. Yonhap News Agency
    https://www.yna.co.kr/view/AKR20211010029100002
  158. Money Today
    https://news.v.daum.net/v/20210718165929333
  159. "尹 5.12, 安 5.95… 정책이념 때문에 단일화 안될 가능성 낮다 [중앙일보·정당학회 분석]"
    https://www.joongang.co.kr/article/25042936#home
  160. The Hankyoreh
    https://www.hani.co.kr/arti/politics/politics_general/1025287.html
  161. Money Today
    https://news.mt.co.kr/mtview.php?no=2021111016055444387
  162. 법인세 인하·성장이 공정...與 주자들 '경제대통령' 앞세워 우회전
    https://www.news1.kr/articles/?4356543
  163. Chosun Biz
    https://biz.chosun.com/en/en-policy/2025/05/05/ALD2LT5YKNFW3HPPJMGLNDP2JU/
  164. JoongAng Ilbo
    https://www.joongang.co.kr/article/25020403
  165. The Dong-A Ilbo
    https://weekly.donga.com/List/3/03/11/3026387/1
  166. JoongAng Ilbo
    https://www.joongang.co.kr/article/25031414
  167. The Hankyoreh
    https://www.hani.co.kr/arti/opinion/editorial/1023003.html
  168. Yonhap News Agency
    https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20211008006400315
  169. France 24
    https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20220222-working-class-hero-ex-factory-boy-aims-for-south-korean-presidency
  170. Yonhap News Agency
    https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20210722005200315
  171. 이재명 기본소득의 의의를 정당하게 평가하려면
    https://www.pressian.com/pages/articles/2021091610060367732
  172. 경기도, 세계 첫 '데이터 배당' 시행...이재명 "데이터 주권 실행 신호탄"
    https://m.etnews.com/20200220000337=2021-10-11
  173. Maeil Business Newspaper
    https://www.mk.co.kr/news/politics/10020990
  174. Yonhap News Agency
    https://www.yna.co.kr/view/AKR20210521075951060
  175. 메트로신문
    https://www.metroseoul.co.kr/article/20230411500541
  176. 교육플러스(eduplus)
    http://www.edpl.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=3236
  177. 이재명 후보, '1차 청년공약' 발표··· 청년에게 연 100만원 지급
    http://www.joongang.tv/news/articleView.html?idxno=49129
  178. amnesty.or.kr
    https://amnesty.or.kr/site/act/itsyourturn_2022/agenda/agenda-1/
  179. Naver News
    https://n.news.naver.com/article/001/0012778507
  180. 아이굿뉴스
    http://www.igoodnews.net/news/articleView.html?idxno=73214
  181. The Atlantic
    https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2025/06/feminism-south-korea-elections/682992/
  182. www.bbc.com
    https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cy8njzr42zvo
  183. The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/2025/05/26/world/asia/south-korean-women-election.html
  184. JoongAng Ilbo
    https://www.joongang.co.kr/article/25022974
  185. The Hankyoreh
    https://www.hani.co.kr/arti/politics/politics_general/1019152.html
  186. The Chosun Ilbo
    https://m.pressian.com/m/pages/articles/2021111117450458319
  187. JoongAng Ilbo
    https://www.joongang.co.kr/article/25013907
  188. Los Angeles Times
    https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2025-06-03/how-a-former-factory-worker-rose-to-south-koreas-presidency
  189. The Women's News
    https://www.womennews.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=218823
  190. Time
    https://time.com/6154471/south-korea-president-election-lee-jae-myung/
  191. The Hankyoreh
    https://www.hani.co.kr/arti/politics/politics_general/1061943.html
  192. Korean Broadcasting System
    https://news.kbs.co.kr/news/pc/view/view.do?ncd=5408007
  193. The Korea Herald
    https://www.koreaherald.com/article/10502373
  194. Yonhap News Agency
    https://www.yna.co.kr/view/AKR20220303065100001
  195. Kyeong-gi Shinmun
    https://www.kgnews.co.kr/mobile/article.html?no=740613
  196. 스트레이트뉴스
    http://www.straightnews.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=113574
  197. Kyeonggi Daily News
    http://www.kyeonggi.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=2377465
  198. Yonhap
    https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20250611009851315
  199. The Hankyoreh
    https://www.hani.co.kr/arti/politics/politics_general/779122.html
  200. Newsis
    https://mobile.newsis.com/view.html?id=NISX20210811_0001545722
  201. 이재명, 美유명 평론지에 "미국, 한국 혈맹이자 유일한 동맹"
    https://www.joongang.co.kr/article/25050823
  202. Yonhap News Agency
    https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20250604002200315
  203. 이재명 측 "한복 넘보는 중국 문화공정, 이대로 방치하지 않겠다"
    https://www.chosun.com/politics/election2022/2022/02/05/4PCQ4NLITNC47CYGMGDWZEJL3Y/
  204. The Hankyoreh
    https://www.hani.co.kr/arti/politics/politics_general/1030501.html
  205. world.kbs.co.kr
    http://world.kbs.co.kr/service/news_view.htm?Seq_Code=184519
  206. Associated Press
    https://apnews.com/article/south-korea-president-lee-a754f6c7fe8f44d15e2898b59b9a5f3c
  207. Redian
    http://www.redian.org/archive/165489
  208. "한반도에 다시 욱일기 걸릴수도"..이재명, 연합훈련 비판
    https://v.daum.net/v/20221010160317508
  209. Yonhap News Agency
    https://www.yna.co.kr/view/AKR20161214179800065
  210. Yonhap News Agency
    https://www.yna.co.kr/view/AKR20211217133200073
  211. The Asia Business Daily
    https://www.asiae.co.kr/article/2018030207170053898
  212. Kuki News
    http://www.kukinews.com/newsView/kuk202202280030
  213. 연합인포맥스
    http://news.einfomax.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=4263402
  214. The Blue Roof
    https://www.blueroofpolitics.com/post/court-orders-reparations-for-vietnamese-war-crime-victims/
  215. Asia Today
    https://www.ajudaily.com/view/20250604081021687
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