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Law and Justice

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Law and Justice

Law and Justice (Polish: Prawo i Sprawiedliwość [ˈpravɔ i ˌspravjɛˈdlivɔɕt͡ɕ] , PiS) is a right-wing populist and national-conservative political party in Poland. The party is a member of European Conservatives and Reformists Group. Its chairman has been Jarosław Kaczyński since 18 January 2003. It was founded in 2001 by Jarosław and Lech Kaczyński as a direct successor of the Centre Agreement after it split from the Solidarity Electoral Action (AWS). Despite a poor showing in the 2001 parliamentary election, where it came 4th, it would later win the 2005 presidential and parliamentary elections. Following this victory, PiS formed the Marcinkiewicz and Kaczyński governments. For a brief period, the governments included coalition ministers from the League of Polish Families and Self-Defence before collapsing in 2007. In the 2007 snap election, the rival Civic Platform (PO) emerged victorious and formed a coalition with the Polish People's Party. The coalition served two terms, retaining a majority in the 2011 parliamentary election. Law and Justice also lost the presidency following the death of president Lech Kaczński and many government officials in the Smolensk air disaster — acting president Bronisław Komorowski of PO would be officially elected to the presidency in 2010, winning against Jarosław Kaczyński in the second round. Law and Justice concluded its period in the opposition in 2015, where it won an upset victory in the 2015 presidential election and an outright majority of seats in the 2015 parliamentary election, retaining its majority in 2019 and the presidency in 2020. It governed the country for 8 years, forming the Szydło and Morawiecki cabinets, until losing its parliamentary majority in 2023 and returning to an opposition despite winning the largest amount of seats. The party's candidate, Karol Nawrocki, scored another upset victory in the 2025 presidential election. During its foundation, it sought to position itself as a centrist Christian democratic party, although shortly after, it adopted more culturally and socially conservative views and began their shift to the right. Under Kaczyński's national-conservative and law and order agenda, PiS embraced economic interventionism. During the 2010s, it also adopted right-wing populist positions. After regaining power in 2015, PiS gained popularity with more populist and social policies. It has also pursued close relations with the Catholic Church. The party is also described as "left-paternalistic". It is a member of the European Conservatives and Reformists, and on national-level, it heads the United Right coalition. It has been accused of authoritarianism and contributing to democratic backsliding, and attracted widespread international criticism and domestic protest movements.

Infobox

Abbreviation
PiS
Chairman
Jarosław Kaczyński
Founders
Lech KaczyńskiJarosław Kaczyński
Founded
13 June 2001; 24 years ago (2001-06-13)
Split from
mw- Solidarity Electoral ActionCentre Agreement
Headquarters
ul. Nowogrodzka [pl] 84/86, 02-018 Warsaw
Youth wing
Law and Justice Youth Forum
Membership
48,000 (2025 est.)
Ideology
National conservatismPaternalistic conservatismRight-wing populism
Political position
Right-wing[A]
National affiliation
United Right
European affiliation
AEN (until 2009)ECR Party (since 2009)
European Parliament group
UEN (2004–2009)ECR Group (since 2009)
Colours
mw- Blue White Red Cyan[a]
Sejm
179 / 460
Senate
34 / 100
European Parliament
20 / 53
Regional assemblies
226 / 552
Voivodes
0 / 16
Voivodeship Marshals
3 / 16
City Presidents
4 / 107

Tables

· History › In opposition: 2023–present › 2024 party subsidy issue
29 August
29 August
Party
29 August
Party
23 September
PKW member
18 November
Ruling
16 December
Ruling
30 December
Total
Total
Party
Total
Party
5:3
PKW member
4:4
Ruling
5:4
Ruling
5:4
Ruling
4:3
Party
PKW member
Ruling
29 August
23 September
18 November
16 December
30 December
Independent
Sylwester Marciniak
Abstained
For
Unknown
Against
For
Independent
Wojciech Sych
Against
Unknown
Against
For
KO
Konrad Składkowski
For
For
Abstained
KO
Ryszard Balicki
For
For
Abstained
PiS
Mirosław Suski
Against
Against
For
PiS
Arkadiusz Pikulik
Against
Against
For
PSL
Maciej Kliś
For
For
Against
PL2050
Paweł Gieras
For
For
Against
Left
Ryszard Kalisz
For
For
Against
Total
5:3
4:4
5:4
5:4
4:3
· Structure › Political committee › Party leaders
1
2001
2001–2003
1
No.
1
Chairman
Lech Kaczyński
Tenure
13 June 2001 – 18 January 2003
2
2
No.
2
Chairman
Jarosław Kaczyński
Tenure
18 January 2003 – Incumbent
No.
Image
Chairman
Tenure
1
Lech Kaczyński
13 June 2001 – 18 January 2003
2
Jarosław Kaczyński
18 January 2003 – Incumbent
· Election results › Presidential
# of overall votes
# of overall votes
Election year
# of overall votes
Candidate
% of overall vote
1st round
# of overall votes
1st round
% of overall vote
2005
2005
Election year
2005
Candidate
Lech Kaczyński
1st round
4,947,927
1st round
33.1 (#2)
2nd round
8,257,468
2nd round
54.0 (#1)
2010
2010
Election year
2010
Candidate
Jarosław Kaczyński
1st round
6,128,255
1st round
36.5 (#2)
2nd round
7,919,134
2nd round
47.0 (#2)
2015
2015
Election year
2015
Candidate
Andrzej Duda
1st round
5,179,092
1st round
34.8 (#1)
2nd round
8,719,281
2nd round
51.5 (#1)
2020
2020
Election year
2020
Candidate
Supported Andrzej Duda
1st round
8,450,513
1st round
43.5 (#1)
2nd round
10,440,648
2nd round
51.0 (#1)
2025
2025
Election year
2025
Candidate
Supported Karol Nawrocki
1st round
5,790,804
1st round
29.5 (#2)
2nd round
10,606,877
2nd round
50.9 (#1)
Election year
Candidate
1st round
2nd round
# of overall votes
% of overall vote
# of overall votes
% of overall vote
2005
Lech Kaczyński
4,947,927
33.1 (#2)
8,257,468
54.0 (#1)
2010
Jarosław Kaczyński
6,128,255
36.5 (#2)
7,919,134
47.0 (#2)
2015
Andrzej Duda
5,179,092
34.8 (#1)
8,719,281
51.5 (#1)
2020
Supported Andrzej Duda
8,450,513
43.5 (#1)
10,440,648
51.0 (#1)
2025
Supported Karol Nawrocki
5,790,804
29.5 (#2)
10,606,877
50.9 (#1)
· Election results › Sejm
2001
2001
Election
2001
Leader
Lech Kaczyński
Votes
1,236,787
%
9.5 (#4)
Seats
44 / 460
+/–
New
Government
SLD–UP–PSL (2001-2003)
SLD–UP Minority (2003-2004)
SLD–UP Minority (2003-2004)
Election
SLD–UP Minority (2003-2004)
SLD-UP-SDPL Minority (2004-2005)
SLD-UP-SDPL Minority (2004-2005)
Election
SLD-UP-SDPL Minority (2004-2005)
2005
2005
Election
2005
Leader
Jarosław Kaczyński
Votes
3,185,714
%
27.0 (#1)
Seats
155 / 460
+/–
111
Government
PiS Minority (2005-2006)
PiS–SRP–LPR (2006-2007)
PiS–SRP–LPR (2006-2007)
Election
PiS–SRP–LPR (2006-2007)
PiS Minority (2007)
PiS Minority (2007)
Election
PiS Minority (2007)
2007
2007
Election
2007
Leader
5,183,477
Votes
32.1 (#2)
%
166 / 460
Seats
11
+/–
PO–PSL
2011
2011
Election
2011
Leader
4,295,016
Votes
29.9 (#2)
%
157 / 460
Seats
9
+/–
PO–PSL
2015
2015
Election
2015
Leader
5,711,687
Votes
37.6 (#1)
%
193 / 460
Seats
36
+/–
PiS
As a part of the United Right coalition, which won 235 seats in total.
As a part of the United Right coalition, which won 235 seats in total.
Election
As a part of the United Right coalition, which won 235 seats in total.
2019
2019
Election
2019
Leader
8,051,935
Votes
43.6 (#1)
%
187 / 460
Seats
6
+/–
PiS
As a part of the United Right coalition, which won 235 seats in total.
As a part of the United Right coalition, which won 235 seats in total.
Election
As a part of the United Right coalition, which won 235 seats in total.
2023
2023
Election
2023
Leader
7,640,854
Votes
35.4 (#1)
%
161 / 460
Seats
26
+/–
PiS Minority (2023)
KO–PL2050–KP–NL (2023-present)
KO–PL2050–KP–NL (2023-present)
Election
KO–PL2050–KP–NL (2023-present)
As a part of the United Right coalition, which won 194 seats in total.
As a part of the United Right coalition, which won 194 seats in total.
Election
As a part of the United Right coalition, which won 194 seats in total.
Election
Leader
Votes
%
Seats
+/–
Government
2001
Lech Kaczyński
1,236,787
9.5 (#4)
44 / 460
New
SLD–UP–PSL (2001-2003)
SLD–UP Minority (2003-2004)
SLD-UP-SDPL Minority (2004-2005)
2005
Jarosław Kaczyński
3,185,714
27.0 (#1)
155 / 460
111
PiS Minority (2005-2006)
PiS–SRP–LPR (2006-2007)
PiS Minority (2007)
2007
5,183,477
32.1 (#2)
166 / 460
11
PO–PSL
2011
4,295,016
29.9 (#2)
157 / 460
9
PO–PSL
2015
5,711,687
37.6 (#1)
193 / 460
36
PiS
As a part of the United Right coalition, which won 235 seats in total.
2019
8,051,935
43.6 (#1)
187 / 460
6
PiS
As a part of the United Right coalition, which won 235 seats in total.
2023
7,640,854
35.4 (#1)
161 / 460
26
PiS Minority (2023)
KO–PL2050–KP–NL (2023-present)
As a part of the United Right coalition, which won 194 seats in total.
· Election results › Senate
2001
2001
Election
2001
Seats
0 / 100
+/–
New
Majority
Opposition
As part of the Senate 2001 coalition, which won 15 seats.
As part of the Senate 2001 coalition, which won 15 seats.
Election
As part of the Senate 2001 coalition, which won 15 seats.
2005
2005
Election
2005
Seats
49 / 100
+/–
49
Majority
PiS Minority (2005-2006)
Coalition (2006-2007)
Coalition (2006-2007)
Election
Coalition (2006-2007)
PiS Minority (2007)
PiS Minority (2007)
Election
PiS Minority (2007)
2007
2007
Election
2007
Seats
39 / 100
+/–
10
Majority
Opposition
2011
2011
Election
2011
Seats
31 / 100
+/–
8
Majority
Opposition
2015
2015
Election
2015
Seats
61 / 100
+/–
30
Majority
PiS
2019
2019
Election
2019
Seats
38 / 100
+/–
23
Majority
Opposition
As part of the United Right coalition, which won 48 seats.
As part of the United Right coalition, which won 48 seats.
Election
As part of the United Right coalition, which won 48 seats.
2023
2023
Election
2023
Seats
29 / 100
+/–
9
Majority
Opposition
As part of the United Right coalition, which won 34 seats.
As part of the United Right coalition, which won 34 seats.
Election
As part of the United Right coalition, which won 34 seats.
Election
Seats
+/–
Majority
2001
0 / 100
New
Opposition
As part of the Senate 2001 coalition, which won 15 seats.
2005
49 / 100
49
PiS Minority (2005-2006)
Coalition (2006-2007)
PiS Minority (2007)
2007
39 / 100
10
Opposition
2011
31 / 100
8
Opposition
2015
61 / 100
30
PiS
2019
38 / 100
23
Opposition
As part of the United Right coalition, which won 48 seats.
2023
29 / 100
9
Opposition
As part of the United Right coalition, which won 34 seats.
· Election results › European Parliament
2004
2004
Election
2004
Leader
Jarosław Kaczyński
Votes
771,858
%
12.67 (#3)
Seats
7 / 54
+/–
New
EP Group
UEN
2009
2009
Election
2009
Leader
2,017,607
Votes
27.40 (#2)
%
15 / 50
Seats
8
+/–
ECR
2014
2014
Election
2014
Leader
2,246,870
Votes
31.78 (#2)
%
15 / 51
Seats
0
+/–
ECR
2019
2019
Election
2019
Leader
6,192,780
Votes
45.38 (#1)
%
21 / 51
Seats
6
+/–
ECR
As part of the United Right coalition, that won 27 seats in total.
As part of the United Right coalition, that won 27 seats in total.
Election
As part of the United Right coalition, that won 27 seats in total.
2024
2024
Election
2024
Leader
4,253,169
Votes
36.16 (#2)
%
18 / 53
Seats
3
+/–
ECR
As part of the United Right coalition, that won 20 seats in total.
As part of the United Right coalition, that won 20 seats in total.
Election
As part of the United Right coalition, that won 20 seats in total.
Election
Leader
Votes
%
Seats
+/–
EP Group
2004
Jarosław Kaczyński
771,858
12.67 (#3)
7 / 54
New
UEN
2009
2,017,607
27.40 (#2)
15 / 50
8
ECR
2014
2,246,870
31.78 (#2)
15 / 51
0
ECR
2019
6,192,780
45.38 (#1)
21 / 51
6
ECR
As part of the United Right coalition, that won 27 seats in total.
2024
4,253,169
36.16 (#2)
18 / 53
3
ECR
As part of the United Right coalition, that won 20 seats in total.
· Election results › Regional assemblies
2002
2002
Election year
2002
% ofvote
12.1 (#4)
# ofoverall seats won
79 / 561
+/–
New
In coalition with Civic Platform as POPiS.
In coalition with Civic Platform as POPiS.
Election year
In coalition with Civic Platform as POPiS.
2006
2006
Election year
2006
% ofvote
25.1 (#2)
# ofoverall seats won
170 / 561
+/–
91
2010
2010
Election year
2010
% ofvote
23.1 (#2)
# ofoverall seats won
141 / 561
+/–
29
2014
2014
Election year
2014
% ofvote
26.9 (#1)
# ofoverall seats won
171 / 555
+/–
30
2018
2018
Election year
2018
% ofvote
34.1 (#1)
# ofoverall seats won
254 / 552
+/–
83
2024
2024
Election year
2024
% ofvote
34.3 (#1)
# ofoverall seats won
239 / 552
+/–
15
Election year
% ofvote
# ofoverall seats won
+/–
2002
12.1 (#4)
79 / 561
New
In coalition with Civic Platform as POPiS.
2006
25.1 (#2)
170 / 561
91
2010
23.1 (#2)
141 / 561
29
2014
26.9 (#1)
171 / 555
30
2018
34.1 (#1)
254 / 552
83
2024
34.3 (#1)
239 / 552
15
· Election results › County councils
2002
2002
Election year
2002
% ofvote
12.1 (#4)
# ofoverall seats won
48 / 6,294
+/–
New
In coalition with Civic Platform as POPiS.
In coalition with Civic Platform as POPiS.
Election year
In coalition with Civic Platform as POPiS.
2006
2006
Election year
2006
% ofvote
19.8 (#1)
# ofoverall seats won
1,242 / 6,284
+/–
1194
2010
2010
Election year
2010
% ofvote
17.3 (#2)
# ofoverall seats won
1,085 / 6,290
+/–
157
2014
2014
Election year
2014
% ofvote
23.5 (#1)
# ofoverall seats won
1,514 / 6,276
+/–
429
2018
2018
Election year
2018
% ofvote
30.5 (#1)
# ofoverall seats won
2,114 / 6,244
+/–
600
2024
2024
Election year
2024
% ofvote
30.0 (#1)
# ofoverall seats won
2,080 / 6,170
+/–
34
Election year
% ofvote
# ofoverall seats won
+/–
2002
12.1 (#4)
48 / 6,294
New
In coalition with Civic Platform as POPiS.
2006
19.8 (#1)
1,242 / 6,284
1194
2010
17.3 (#2)
1,085 / 6,290
157
2014
23.5 (#1)
1,514 / 6,276
429
2018
30.5 (#1)
2,114 / 6,244
600
2024
30.0 (#1)
2,080 / 6,170
34
· Election results › Mayors
2002
2002
Election
2002
No.
2
Change
New
2006
2006
Election
2006
No.
77
Change
75
2010
2010
Election
2010
No.
37
Change
40
2014
2014
Election
2014
No.
124
Change
87
2018
2018
Election
2018
No.
234
Change
110
2024
2024
Election
2024
No.
105
Change
129
Election
No.
Change
2002
2
New
2006
77
75
2010
37
40
2014
124
87
2018
234
110
2024
105
129
· Election results › Presidents of the Republic of Poland
Lech Kaczyński
Lech Kaczyński
Name
Lech Kaczyński
From
23 December 2005
To
10 April 2010
Andrzej Duda
Andrzej Duda
Name
Andrzej Duda
From
6 August 2015
To
6 August 2025
Karol Nawrocki
Karol Nawrocki
Name
Karol Nawrocki
From
6 August 2025
To
incumbent
Name
Image
From
To
Lech Kaczyński
23 December 2005
10 April 2010
Andrzej Duda
6 August 2015
6 August 2025
Karol Nawrocki
6 August 2025
incumbent
· Election results › Prime Ministers of the Republic of Poland
Kazimierz Marcinkiewicz
Kazimierz Marcinkiewicz
Name
Kazimierz Marcinkiewicz
From
31 October 2005
To
14 July 2006
Jarosław Kaczyński
Jarosław Kaczyński
Name
Jarosław Kaczyński
From
14 July 2006
To
16 November 2007
Beata Szydło
Beata Szydło
Name
Beata Szydło
From
16 November 2015
To
11 December 2017
Mateusz Morawiecki
Mateusz Morawiecki
Name
Mateusz Morawiecki
From
11 December 2017
To
13 December 2023
Name
Image
From
To
Kazimierz Marcinkiewicz
31 October 2005
14 July 2006
Jarosław Kaczyński
14 July 2006
16 November 2007
Beata Szydło
16 November 2015
11 December 2017
Mateusz Morawiecki
11 December 2017
13 December 2023
· Election results › Voivodeship Marshals
Jarosław Stawiarski
Jarosław Stawiarski
Name
Jarosław Stawiarski
Voivodeship
Lublin Voivodeship
Date vocation
21 November 2018
Władysław Ortyl [pl]
Władysław Ortyl [pl]
Name
Władysław Ortyl [pl]
Voivodeship
Podkarpackie Voivodeship
Date vocation
27 May 2013
Łukasz Smółka
Łukasz Smółka
Name
Łukasz Smółka
Voivodeship
Lesser Poland Voivodeship
Date vocation
4 July 2024
Name
Image
Voivodeship
Date vocation
Jarosław Stawiarski
Lublin Voivodeship
21 November 2018
Władysław Ortyl [pl]
Podkarpackie Voivodeship
27 May 2013
Łukasz Smółka
Lesser Poland Voivodeship
4 July 2024
· Election results › Representation in regional assemblies
Lower Silesian
Lower Silesian
Voivodeship
Lower Silesian
Seats
6 / 36
Governance
Opposition
Kuyavian-Pomeranian
Kuyavian-Pomeranian
Voivodeship
Kuyavian-Pomeranian
Seats
11 / 30
Governance
Opposition
Lublin
Lublin
Voivodeship
Lublin
Seats
21 / 33
Governance
Majority
Lubusz
Lubusz
Voivodeship
Lubusz
Seats
10 / 30
Governance
Opposition
Łódź
Łódź
Voivodeship
Łódź
Seats
16 / 33
Governance
Opposition
Lesser Poland
Lesser Poland
Voivodeship
Lesser Poland
Seats
21 / 39
Governance
Majority
Masovian
Masovian
Voivodeship
Masovian
Seats
20 / 51
Governance
Opposition
Opole
Opole
Voivodeship
Opole
Seats
10 / 30
Governance
Opposition
Subcarpathian
Subcarpathian
Voivodeship
Subcarpathian
Seats
21 / 33
Governance
Majority
Podlaskie
Podlaskie
Voivodeship
Podlaskie
Seats
12 / 30
Governance
Opposition
Pomeranian
Pomeranian
Voivodeship
Pomeranian
Seats
10 / 33
Governance
Opposition
Silesian
Silesian
Voivodeship
Silesian
Seats
18 / 45
Governance
Opposition
Świętokrzyskie
Świętokrzyskie
Voivodeship
Świętokrzyskie
Seats
14 / 30
Governance
PiS-ONRP
Warmian-Masurian
Warmian-Masurian
Voivodeship
Warmian-Masurian
Seats
11 / 30
Governance
Opposition
Greater Poland
Greater Poland
Voivodeship
Greater Poland
Seats
15 / 39
Governance
Opposition
West Pomeranian
West Pomeranian
Voivodeship
West Pomeranian
Seats
10 / 30
Governance
Opposition
All seats
All seats
Voivodeship
All seats
Seats
226 / 552
Voivodeship
Seats
Governance
Lower Silesian
6 / 36
Opposition
Kuyavian-Pomeranian
11 / 30
Opposition
Lublin
21 / 33
Majority
Lubusz
10 / 30
Opposition
Łódź
16 / 33
Opposition
Lesser Poland
21 / 39
Majority
Masovian
20 / 51
Opposition
Opole
10 / 30
Opposition
Subcarpathian
21 / 33
Majority
Podlaskie
12 / 30
Opposition
Pomeranian
10 / 33
Opposition
Silesian
18 / 45
Opposition
Świętokrzyskie
14 / 30
PiS-ONRP
Warmian-Masurian
11 / 30
Opposition
Greater Poland
15 / 39
Opposition
West Pomeranian
10 / 30
Opposition
All seats
226 / 552

References

  1. between 2001 and 2005
  2. Sometimes also called Right and Justice in English.
  3. First cabinet of Mateusz Morawiecki, Second cabinet of Mateusz Morawiecki, Third Cabinet of Mateusz Morawiecki
  4. Party that recommended the member to the PKW.
  5. During the 2008 Polish Independence Day celebrations, Lech Kaczyński said in his speech during the visit to the city of
  6. e-sochaczew.pl
    https://e-sochaczew.pl/pis-sochaczew/strona-860#:~:text=Pierwszym%20Prezesem%20PiS%20w%202001%20r.%20zosta%C5%82%20Lech,PiS%20i%20Przewodnicz%C4%85cym%20Zarz%C4%85du%20G%C5%82%C3%B3wnego%20by%C5%82%20Jaros%C5%82aw%20Kaczy%C5%84ski.
  7. Krytyka Polityczna
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