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Latvia

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Latvia

Latvia, officially the Republic of Latvia, is a country in the Baltic region of northern Europe. It is one of the three Baltic states, along with Estonia to the north and Lithuania to the south. It borders Russia to the east and Belarus to the southeast and shares a maritime border with Sweden to the west. Latvia covers an area of 64,589 km2 (24,938 sq mi), with a population of 1.8 million. The country has a temperate seasonal climate. Its capital and largest city is Riga. Latvians, who are the titular nation and comprise 65.5% of the country's population, belong to the ethnolinguistic group of the Balts and speak Latvian. Russians are the most prominent minority in the country, at almost a quarter of the population; 37.7% of the population speak Russian as their native tongue. After centuries of Teutonic, Swedish, Polish-Lithuanian, and Russian rule, the independent Republic of Latvia was established on 18 November 1918 after breaking away from the Russian Empire in the aftermath of World War I. The country became increasingly autocratic after the coup in 1934 established the dictatorship of Kārlis Ulmanis. Latvia's de facto independence was interrupted at the outset of World War II, beginning with forcible incorporation into the Soviet Union, followed by the invasion and occupation by Nazi Germany in 1941 and the re-occupation by the Soviets in 1944, which formed the Latvian SSR for the next 45 years. As a result of extensive immigration during the Soviet occupation, ethnic Russians became the most prominent minority in the country. The peaceful Singing Revolution started in 1987 among the Baltic Soviet republics and ended with the restoration of both de facto and official independence on 21 August 1991. Latvia has since been a democratic unitary parliamentary republic. Latvia is a developed country with a high-income, advanced economy ranking 39th in the Human Development Index. It is a member of the European Union, Eurozone, NATO, the Council of Europe, the United Nations, the Council of the Baltic Sea States, the International Monetary Fund, the Nordic-Baltic Eight, the Nordic Investment Bank, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, and the World Trade Organization.

Infobox

Capitaland largest city
Riga 56°57′N 24°6′E / 56.950°N 24.100°E / 56.950; 24.100
Official languages
Latviana
Recognized languages
LivonianLatgalian
Ethnic groups (2025[a])
65.5% Latvians24.1% Russians2.9% Belarusians2.9% Ukrainians1.9% Poles1.1% Lithuanians1.6% others
Religion (2018)
mw- li 64% Christianity 36% Lutheranism 17% Catholicism 9% Orthodoxy 2% other Christian 35% no religion1% others
Demonym
Latvian
Government
Unitary parliamentary republic
• President
Edgars Rinkēvičs
• Prime Minister
Evika Siliņa
• Speaker of the Saeima
Daiga Mieriņa
Legislature
Saeima
• Declared
18 November 1918
• Recognised
26 January 1921
• Constitution adopted
7 November 1922
• Restored
21 August 1991
• Total
$45.466 billion (96th)
• Water (%)
2.09 (2015)
• 2022 estimate
1,842,226 (146th)
• Density
29.6/km2 (76.7/sq mi) (147th)
GDP (PPP)
2024 estimate
• Per capita
$24,193 (42nd)
GDP (nominal)
2024 estimate
Gini (2021)
35.7 } }medium inequality
HDI (2022)
0.879very high (37th)
Currency
Euro (€) (EUR)
Time zone
UTC 2 (EET)
• Summer (DST)
UTC 3 (EEST)
Calling code
371
ISO 3166 code
LV
Internet TLD
lv

Tables

Weather records in Latvia[103] · Geography › Climate
Highest temperature
Highest temperature
Weather record
Highest temperature
Value
37.8 °C (100 °F)
Location
Ventspils
Date
4 August 2014
Lowest temperature
Lowest temperature
Weather record
Lowest temperature
Value
−43.2 °C (−46 °F)
Location
Daugavpils
Date
8 February 1956
Last spring frost
Last spring frost
Weather record
Last spring frost
Value
–
Location
Large parts of territory
Date
24 June 1982
First autumn frost
First autumn frost
Weather record
First autumn frost
Value
–
Location
Cenas parish
Date
15 August 1975
Highest yearly precipitation
Highest yearly precipitation
Weather record
Highest yearly precipitation
Value
1,007 mm (39.6 in)
Location
Priekuļi parish
Date
1928
Lowest yearly precipitation
Lowest yearly precipitation
Weather record
Lowest yearly precipitation
Value
384 mm (15.1 in)
Location
Ainaži
Date
1939
Highest daily precipitation
Highest daily precipitation
Weather record
Highest daily precipitation
Value
160 mm (6.3 in)
Location
Ventspils
Date
9 July 1973
Highest monthly precipitation
Highest monthly precipitation
Weather record
Highest monthly precipitation
Value
330 mm (13.0 in)
Location
Nīca parish
Date
August 1972
Lowest monthly precipitation
Lowest monthly precipitation
Weather record
Lowest monthly precipitation
Value
0 mm (0 in)
Location
Large parts of territory
Date
May 1938 and May 1941
Thickest snow cover
Thickest snow cover
Weather record
Thickest snow cover
Value
126 cm (49.6 in)
Location
Gaiziņkalns
Date
March 1931
Month with the most days with blizzards
Month with the most days with blizzards
Weather record
Month with the most days with blizzards
Value
19 days
Location
Liepāja
Date
February 1956
The most days with fog in a year
The most days with fog in a year
Weather record
The most days with fog in a year
Value
143 days
Location
Gaiziņkalns area
Date
1946
Longest-lasting fog
Longest-lasting fog
Weather record
Longest-lasting fog
Value
93 hours
Location
Alūksne
Date
1958
Highest atmospheric pressure
Highest atmospheric pressure
Weather record
Highest atmospheric pressure
Value
31.5 inHg (1,066.7 mb)
Location
Liepāja
Date
January 1907
Lowest atmospheric pressure
Lowest atmospheric pressure
Weather record
Lowest atmospheric pressure
Value
27.5 inHg (931.3 mb)
Location
Vidzeme Upland
Date
13 February 1962
The most days with thunderstorms in a year
The most days with thunderstorms in a year
Weather record
The most days with thunderstorms in a year
Value
52 days
Location
Vidzeme Upland
Date
1954
Strongest wind
Strongest wind
Weather record
Strongest wind
Value
34 m/s, up to 48 m/s
Location
Not specified
Date
2 November 1969
Weather record
Value
Location
Date
Highest temperature
37.8 °C (100 °F)
Ventspils
4 August 2014
Lowest temperature
−43.2 °C (−46 °F)
Daugavpils
8 February 1956
Last spring frost
–
Large parts of territory
24 June 1982
First autumn frost
–
Cenas parish
15 August 1975
Highest yearly precipitation
1,007 mm (39.6 in)
Priekuļi parish
1928
Lowest yearly precipitation
384 mm (15.1 in)
Ainaži
1939
Highest daily precipitation
160 mm (6.3 in)
Ventspils
9 July 1973
Highest monthly precipitation
330 mm (13.0 in)
Nīca parish
August 1972
Lowest monthly precipitation
0 mm (0 in)
Large parts of territory
May 1938 and May 1941
Thickest snow cover
126 cm (49.6 in)
Gaiziņkalns
March 1931
Month with the most days with blizzards
19 days
Liepāja
February 1956
The most days with fog in a year
143 days
Gaiziņkalns area
1946
Longest-lasting fog
93 hours
Alūksne
1958
Highest atmospheric pressure
inHg (1,066.7 mb)
Liepāja
January 1907
Lowest atmospheric pressure
inHg (931.3 mb)
Vidzeme Upland
13 February 1962
The most days with thunderstorms in a year
52 days
Vidzeme Upland
1954
Strongest wind
34 m/s, up to 48 m/s
Not specified
2 November 1969
· Government and politics
Edgars RinkēvičsPresident
Edgars RinkēvičsPresident
Col 1
Edgars RinkēvičsPresident
Col 2
Evika SiliņaPrime Minister
Edgars RinkēvičsPresident
Evika SiliņaPrime Minister

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