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Kosovo

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Kosovo

Kosovo, officially the Republic of Kosovo, is a landlocked country in Southeast Europe with partial diplomatic recognition. It is bordered by Albania to the southwest, Montenegro to the west, Serbia to the north and east, and North Macedonia to the southeast. It covers an area of 10,887 km2 (4,203 sq mi) and has a population of nearly 1.6 million, of whom the vast majority (approximately 92 per cent) are ethnic Albanians. Kosovo has a varied terrain, with high plains along with rolling hills and mountains, some of which have an altitude over 2,500 m (8,200 ft). Its climate is mainly continental with some Mediterranean and Alpine influences. Kosovo's capital and most populous city is Pristina; other major cities and urban areas include Prizren, Ferizaj, Gjilan, and Peja. Kosovo formed the core territory of the Dardani, an Illyrian people, attested in classical sources from the 4th century BCE. The Dardani established the Kingdom of Dardania, with its political and cultural center likely located near present-day Lipjan (ancient Ulpiana). The kingdom was incorporated into the Roman Empire in the 1st century BCE; later, in the 3rd century CE, it was transformed into a separate Roman province. During the Byzantine period, the region was eventually organised as part of the Theme of Dardania and remained under imperial control, facing Slavic migrations in the 6th and 7th centuries CE. Control shifted between the Byzantines and the First Bulgarian Empire. In the 13th century, Kosovo became integral to the Serbian medieval state and the establishment of the Serbian Patriarchate. Ottoman expansion in the Balkans in the late 14th and 15th centuries led to the decline and fall of the Serbian Empire; the Battle of Kosovo of 1389, in which a Serbian-led coalition of various ethnicities fought against the Ottoman Empire, is considered one of the defining moments. Various dynasties, mainly the Branković, governed Kosovo for much of the period after the battle. The Ottoman Empire fully conquered Kosovo after the Second Battle of Kosovo, ruling for nearly five centuries until 1912. Kosovo was the centre of the Albanian Renaissance and experienced the Albanian revolts of 1910 and 1912. After the Balkan Wars (1912–1913), it was ceded to the Kingdom of Serbia, and after World War II, it became an Autonomous Province within Yugoslavia. Tensions between Kosovo's Albanian and Serb communities simmered during the 20th century and occasionally erupted into major violence, culminating in the Kosovo War of 1998 and 1999, which resulted in the Yugoslav army's withdrawal and the establishment of the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo. Kosovo unilaterally declared its independence from Serbia on 17 February 2008 and has since gained diplomatic recognition by at least 109 member states of the United Nations. Serbia does not officially recognise Kosovo as a sovereign state and continues to claim it as its constituent Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija; however, it accepts the governing authority of the Kosovo institutions as part of the 2013 Brussels Agreement. Kosovo is a developing country with an upper-middle-income economy. It has experienced solid economic growth over the last decade, as measured by international financial institutions, since the onset of the 2008 financial crisis. Kosovo is a member of the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank Group, European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, Venice Commission, and the International Olympic Committee, and has applied for membership in the Council of Europe, UNESCO, and Interpol, as well as observer status in the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation. In December 2022, Kosovo filed a formal application to become a member of the European Union.

Infobox

Status
Independent, claimed by Serbia
Capitaland largest city
mw- 42°40′N 21°10′E / 42.667°N 21.167°E / 42.667; 21.167
Official languages
AlbanianSerbian
Regional languages
mw- .inline, .inline dl, .inline ol, .inline ul, dl dl, dl ol, dl ul, ol dl, ol ol dd dd dd , dd dt , dd li , dt dd , dt dt , dt li , li dd dd dd , dd dt , dd li , dt dd , dt dt , dt li , li dd dd ol li BosnianTurkishRomani
Ethnic groups (2024)
91.8% Albanians2.3% Serbs1.7% Bosniaks1.2% Turks1.0% Ashkali2.0% others
Religion (2024)
93 li 4.1% Christianity 2.3% Orthodox 1.8% Catholic 0.5% No religion0.5% others1.5% undeclared
Demonym
Kosovar, Kosovan
Government
Unitary parliamentary republic
• President
Vjosa Osmani
• Prime Minister
Albin Kurti
• Speaker of the Assembly
Dimal Basha
Legislature
Assembly
• Sanjak of Prizren
1455
• Kosovo Vilayet
1877
• Treaty of London
1913
• Autonomous Province within Yugoslavia
31 January 1946
• Republic of Kosova
2 July 1990
• Kumanovo Agreement
9 June 1999
• UN Administration
10 June 1999
• Declaration of independence
17 February 2008
• End of Steering Group supervision
10 September 2012
• Brussels Agreement
19 April 2013
• Total
$11.172 billion (155th)
• Water (%)
1.0
• 2024 census
1,585,566
• Density
146/km2 (378.1/sq mi)
GDP (PPP)
2024 estimate
• Per capita
$7,048 (100th)
GDP (nominal)
2024 estimate
Gini (2017)
29.0 } }low inequality
HDI (2021)
0.762high
Currency
Euro (€)b (EUR)
Time zone
UTC 1 (CET)
• Summer (DST)
UTC 2 (CEST)
Date format
dd.mm.yyyy
Calling code
383
ISO 3166 code
XK
Internet TLD
xkc (proposed)

Tables

· Government and politics
Vjosa OsmaniPresident
Vjosa OsmaniPresident
Col 1
Vjosa OsmaniPresident
Col 2
Albin KurtiPrime Minister
Vjosa OsmaniPresident
Albin KurtiPrime Minister
District of Peja
District of Peja
Districts
District of Peja
Seat
Peja
Area (km2)
1,365
Population (2024)
146,256
District of Mitrovica
District of Mitrovica
Districts
District of Mitrovica
Seat
Mitrovica
Area (km2)
2,077
Population (2024)
173,642
District of Pristina
District of Pristina
Districts
District of Pristina
Seat
Pristina
Area (km2)
2,470
Population (2024)
511,307
District of Gjilan
District of Gjilan
Districts
District of Gjilan
Seat
Gjilan
Area (km2)
1,206
Population (2024)
150,176
District of Gjakova
District of Gjakova
Districts
District of Gjakova
Seat
Gjakova
Area (km2)
1,129
Population (2024)
152,216
District of Prizren
District of Prizren
Districts
District of Prizren
Seat
Prizren
Area (km2)
1,397
Population (2024)
271,386
District of Ferizaj
District of Ferizaj
Districts
District of Ferizaj
Seat
Ferizaj
Area (km2)
1,030
Population (2024)
180,583
Districts
Seat
Area (km2)
Population (2024)
District of Peja
Peja
1,365
146,256
District of Mitrovica
Mitrovica
2,077
173,642
District of Pristina
Pristina
2,470
511,307
District of Gjilan
Gjilan
1,206
150,176
District of Gjakova
Gjakova
1,129
152,216
District of Prizren
Prizren
1,397
271,386
District of Ferizaj
Ferizaj
1,030
180,583
Largest municipalities by population (2024)[245] · Demographics
1
1
PristinaPrizren
1
Rank
Pristina
Municipality
227,154
Population
11
Rank
Lipjan
Municipality
54,974
2
2
PristinaPrizren
2
Rank
Prizren
Municipality
147,428
Population
12
Rank
Drenas
Municipality
48,054
3
3
PristinaPrizren
3
Rank
Ferizaj
Municipality
109,345
Population
13
Rank
Suharekë
Municipality
45,713
4
4
PristinaPrizren
4
Rank
Gjilan
Municipality
82,901
Population
14
Rank
Malisheva
Municipality
43,871
5
5
PristinaPrizren
5
Rank
Peja
Municipality
82,661
Population
15
Rank
Rahovec
Municipality
41,777
6
6
PristinaPrizren
6
Rank
Gjakova
Municipality
78,824
Population
16
Rank
Skenderaj
Municipality
40,632
7
7
PristinaPrizren
7
Rank
Podujevë
Municipality
71,018
Population
17
Rank
Viti
Municipality
35,549
8
8
PristinaPrizren
8
Rank
Mitrovica
Municipality
64,680
Population
18
Rank
Istog
Municipality
33,066
9
9
PristinaPrizren
9
Rank
Kosovo Polje
Municipality
64,078
Population
19
Rank
Klina
Municipality
30,574
10
10
PristinaPrizren
10
Rank
Vushtrri
Municipality
61,493
Population
20
Rank
Dragash
Municipality
28,908
PristinaPrizren
Rank
Municipality
Population
Rank
Municipality
Population
FerizajPeja
1
Pristina
227,154
11
Lipjan
54,974
2
Prizren
147,428
12
Drenas
48,054
3
Ferizaj
109,345
13
Suharekë
45,713
4
Gjilan
82,901
14
Malisheva
43,871
5
Peja
82,661
15
Rahovec
41,777
6
Gjakova
78,824
16
Skenderaj
40,632
7
Podujevë
71,018
17
Viti
35,549
8
Mitrovica
64,680
18
Istog
33,066
9
Kosovo Polje
64,078
19
Klina
30,574
10
Vushtrri
61,493
20
Dragash
28,908

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  283. "The Customs Office of Kosovo Inauguration at the Port of Durres"
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  284. adnkronos.com
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  285. esiweb.org
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  286. BBC Monitoring European
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  287. European Commission
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  288. henrin.grida.no
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  289. BBC News
    https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-15401459
  290. "Investing in Kosovo – Vineyards"
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  291. "Projekti Energjetik i Kosovës"
    http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTENERGY2/Resources/Report_of_the_independent_Expert_Panel_in_ALBANIAN.pdf
  292. Balkan Green Energy News
    https://balkangreenenergynews.com/kosovos-102-6-mw-wind-farm-bajgora-goes-on-stream/
  293. Balkan Green Energy News
    https://balkangreenenergynews.com/kitka-wind-farm-to-be-expanded-by-20-mw/
  294. Prishtinainsight.com
    https://prishtinainsight.com/kostt-gains-independence-from-serbian-electricity-transmission-system/
  295. Exit.al
    https://exit.al/en/2020/04/21/kosovos-electricity-transmission-system-becomes-independent-from-serbia/
  296. "Investing in Kosovo"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20131104072918/http://www.eciks.org/english/publications/InvestinginKosovo_2011_Web.pdf
  297. toplist.info
    https://toplist.info/top-list/best-lakes-to-visit-in-kosovo-8964.htm
  298. The New York Times
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  299. Diplomat
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  300. Civil Aviation Authority of Kosovo
    https://caa.rks-gov.net/anp-adem-jashari-ka-sherbyer-me-shume-se-4-milion-udhetare-gjate-vitit-2024-19-me-shume-se-ne-vitin-2023/
  301. ""Arbën Xhaferi"e gatshme për qarkullim"
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  302. "Transporti i udhëtarëve"
    http://www.trainkos.com/sherbimet/transporti-i-udhetareve/
  303. "Aktivitetet e Ministrisë së Tregtisë dhe Industrisë: Themelohet Ndërmarrja Publike 'Aeroporti i Gjakovës'"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20150227170445/http://www.mti-ks.org/sq/Aktivitetet-e-MTI-se/Themelohet-Ndermarrja-Publike-Aeroporti-i-Gjakoves-2882-2882
  304. Reporters Without Borders
    https://rsf.org/en/country-kosovo
  305. "Kosovo"
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  306. Regional Programme for Cultural and Natural Heritage in South-east Europe
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  307. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
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  308. "7 Years of Kosovo Howard Smith of Geelong"
    https://archive.today/20150413201519/http://hsog.tk/2015/03/7-years-of-kosovo/
  309. "Medieval Monuments in Kosovo"
    https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/724
  310. World Heritage Committee puts Medieval Monuments in Kosovo on Danger List and extends site in Andorra, ending this year'
    https://whc.unesco.org/en/news/268
  311. Galeria kombëtare
    https://www.galeriakombetare-rks.com/al/rreth-nesh
  312. Hollywood Reporter
    https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/oscars-kosovo-selects-three-windows-734975
  313. Annals of the University of Craiova: Series Philology, Linguistics
    https://www.academia.edu/41376720
  314. Phamox Music
    https://phamoxmusic.com/history-of-the-ocarina/
  315. Kosovo
    https://books.google.com/books?id=uSaH1bKAb8QC&q=serbian%20music%20kosovo&pg=PA41
  316. Vendi i polifonise shqiptare ne polifonike ballkanike
  317. The Hollywood Reporter
    https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/earshot/rita-ora-single-party-and-bullshit-jay-z-roc-nation-294871
  318. naxos.com
    https://www.naxos.com/Bio/Person/Petrit_Ceku/70948
  319. Music National Identity and the Politics of Location: Between the Global and the Local
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  320. dokufest.com
    https://web.archive.org/web/20160820055759/http://www.dokufest.com/2012/?cid=2,34
  321. E! Online
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  322. The Complete Travel Guide for Kosovo
    https://books.google.com/books?id=zD8YEQAAQBAJ
  323. "A nation for just 14 years: already three Olympic golds"
    https://olympics.com/ioc/news/a-nation-for-just-14-years-already-three-olympic-golds
  324. "2018 Tarragona, Spain–70 Years Mediterranean Games"
    https://www.70yearsmg.com/games/tarragona-2018/
  325. "Mediterranean Games: Medal Table 1951–2022"
    https://cijm.org.gr/medal-tables/
  326. "Future hosts of Mediterranean Games and Mediterranean Beach Games confirmed"
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  327. "The speech of Prime Minister Kurti at the General Assembly of the International Committee of the Mediterranean Games, where our country's candidacy for the organization of the 2030 Mediterranean Games is being considered"
    https://kryeministri.rks-gov.net/en/blog/the-speech-of-prime-minister-kurti-at-the-general-assembly-of-the-international-committee-of-the-mediterranean-games-where-our-countrys-candidacy-for-the-organization-of-the-2030-mediterranean-game/
  328. "Only Olympic medal: Majlinda Kelmendi gives Kosovo a reason to dream"
    https://olympics.com/en/news/only-olympic-medal-majlinda-kelmendi-gives-kosovo-a-reason-to-dream
  329. "How a small gym made Kosovo a judo powerhouse"
    https://www.europeancorrespondent.com/r/how-a-small-gym-made-kosovo-a-judo-powerhouse
  330. "Judo legend Majlinda Kelmendi exclusive: Rise of female coaches is very inspiring"
    https://olympics.com/en/news/judo-champion-majlinda-kelmendi-coaching-interview
  331. Hegemoniebildung und Elitentransformation im Kosovo von der spätosmanischen Herrschaft bis zur Republik
    https://archive.today/20240920112256/https://www.google.com/books/edition/Hegemoniebildung_und_Elitentransformatio/ZxXdEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0
  332. "Football Federation of Kosovo joins UEFA"
    https://www.uefa.com/news-media/news/022d-0f8e2b5bf9d1-4268d2e86044-1000--football-federation-of-kosovo-joins-uefa/
  333. "66th Fifa Congress, Mexico City 2016"
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  334. Forbes
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