| Award | Year | Category | Nominee(s) / Work(s) | Result | Ref. |
| APAN Star Awards | 2018 | Best New Actress | Mr. Sunshine | Won | |
| 2022 | Top Excellence Award, Actress in a Miniseries | Twenty-Five Twenty-One | Nominated | |
| Popularity Star Award, Actress | Nominated | |
| 2023 | Top Excellence Actress in Medium-Length Series | Revenant | Nominated | |
| 2024 | Jeongnyeon: The Star Is Born | Nominated | |
| Grand Prize (Daesang) | Won | |
| Asia Artist Awards | 2017 | Best Entertainer | Kim Tae-ri | Won | |
| Asian Film Awards | 2017 | Best Newcomer | The Handmaiden | Won | |
| Baeksang Arts Awards | 2017 | Best New Actress – Film | Nominated | [citation needed] |
| 2018 | Best Actress – Film | Little Forest | Nominated | |
| 2019 | Best Actress – Television | Mr. Sunshine | Nominated | |
| 2022 | Twenty-Five Twenty-One | Won | |
| Most Popular Actress | Won | |
| 2025 | Best Actress – Television | Jeongnyeon: The Star Is Born | Won | |
| Blue Dragon Film Awards | 2016 | Best New Actress | The Handmaiden | Won | |
| 2018 | Best Actress | Little Forest | Nominated | |
| Brand of the Year Awards | 2022 | Best Actress | Kim Tae-ri | Won | |
| Buil Film Awards | 2016 | Best New Actress | The Handmaiden | Won | |
| 2018 | Best Actress | Little Forest | Nominated | |
| 2022 | Popular Star Award – Female | Alienoid | Nominated | |
| Busan Film Critics Awards | 2016 | Best New Actress | The Handmaiden | Won | |
| Chunsa Film Art Awards | 2017 | Nominated | [citation needed] |
| 2018 | Best Actress | 1987: When the Day Comes | Nominated | |
| 2019 | Little Forest | Nominated | |
| Cine 21 Awards | 2016 | Best New Actress | The Handmaiden | Won | |
| Director's Cut Awards | Won | |
| 2018 | Best Actress | Little Forest | Won | |
| Grand Bell Awards | 2018 | Best Actress | 1987: When the Day Comes | Nominated | |
| Fundex Awards | 2024 | TV Drama Female Lead | Jeongnyeon: The Star Is Born | Nominated | |
| Huading Awards | 2023 | Best Global Teleplay Leading Actress | Twenty-Five Twenty-One | Nominated | |
| Kinolights Awards | 2022 | Actress of the Year (Domestic) | 3rd place | |
| K-Culture Trend Forum | 2024 | 'MVP of the Year' for Drama category | Jeongnyeon: The Star Is Born | Won | |
| KOFRA Film Awards | 2017 | Best New Actress | The Handmaiden | Won | |
| Korea Advertisers Contest Advertisers Night-KAA Awards | 2022 | Advertiser's Model Award | Kim Tae-ri | Won | |
| Korea Broadcasting Awards | 2024 | Best Actress | Revenant | Won | |
| Korea Drama Awards | 2018 | Best New Actress | Mr. Sunshine | Nominated | |
| 2022 | Grand Prize (Daesang) | Twenty-Five Twenty-One | Nominated | |
| Korea First Brand Awards | 2025 | Best Actress (Drama) | Jeongnyeon: The Star Is Born | Won | |
| Korea World Youth Film Festival | 2017 | Favorite New Actress | The Handmaiden | Won | |
| 2018 | Popular Actress Award | Little Forest | Won | |
| Marie Claire Film Festival | 2017 | Best Newcomer | The Handmaiden | Won | [citation needed] |
| SBS Drama Awards | 2023 | Grand Prize (Daesang) | Revenant | Won | |
| Top Excellence Award, Actress in a Miniseries Genre/Action Drama | Nominated | |
| The Seoul Awards | 2018 | Best Supporting Actress | 1987: When the Day Comes | Nominated | |
| Best New Actress | Mr. Sunshine | Nominated |
| Shinfilm Art Film Festival | Choi Eun-hee Actor Award | Little Forest | Won | |
| University Film Festival of Korea | Best Actress | Won | |
| Women in Film Korea Festival | 2016 | Best New Actress | The Handmaiden | Won | |
| Yang Hye-sook Korean Theater Award | 2024 | Special Award | Jeongnyeon: The Star Is Born | Won | |