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The given name Jong Il is pronounced [tsɔŋ.il] in isolation.
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Also transcribed as Kim Jong-il (/kɪm dʒɒŋˈɪl/ ⓘ; Korean: 김정일, .mw- .mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-
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Russian: Юрий Ким, Russian pronunciation: [ˈjʉrʲɪj ˈkʲim]
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Sources saying that Kim ruled North Korea as a totalitarian dictatorship.
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An Act of Sincerity, described variously as either a film or a stage play, was produced by Kim To-man after the death of
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Korea JoongAng Daily
https://web.archive.org/web/20120811005825/http://koreajoongangdaily.joinsmsn.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=2957573 -
김정일(남성)
https://nkinfo.unikorea.go.kr/nkp/theme/viewPeople.do?nkpmno=9069 -
Collins English Dictionary: Complete and Unabridged
https://www.thefreedictionary.com/Kim+Jongil -
Kim Jong Il and North Korea: the leader and the system
https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/66049956 -
Inside the red box : North Korea's post-totalitarian politics
https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/747083533 -
Kim Jong Il's leadership of North Korea
https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1100459946 -
Let Us Brilliantly Accomplish the Revolutionary Cause of Juche, Holding Kim Jong Il in High Esteem as the Eternal General Secretary of Our Party: Talk to Senior Officials of the Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea
http://www.korean-books.com.kp/en/packages/xnps/download.pg.php?122#.pdf -
The Chosun Ilbo
https://web.archive.org/web/20070311153844/http://nk.chosun.com/english/news/news.html?ACT=detail&res_id=7283 -
"Transcripts"
https://web.archive.org/web/20201004171812/http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0607/05/i_ins.01.html/ -
Life
https://web.archive.org/web/20120108023027/http://www.life.com/gallery/26532/image/51407067/north-korea-secrets-and-lies#index/7 -
BBC News
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/1907197.stm -
Change and Continuity in North Korean Politics
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Kim Jong Il's Leadership of North Korea
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Korea & World Affairs, Volume 27
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The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Imperialism and Anti-Imperialism
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Kim Jong Il: Brief History 1998, p. 1.
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Breen 2012, p. 45.
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Hankyoreh Shinmun
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Asia Times
https://web.archive.org/web/20050613014153/http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Korea/GF04Dg03.html -
Leaders and their followers in a dangerous world: the psychology of political behavior
https://archive.org/details/leaderstheirfoll0000post/page/243 -
North Korea through the Looking Glass
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Kim Jong Il: Brief History 1998, pp. 5–6.
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Martin, Bradley K. (2004). Under the Loving Care of the Fatherly Leader, New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN 0312322216.
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Kim Jong Il: Brief History 1998, pp. 7–9.
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Times of Malta
https://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20111220/local/The-Dear-Leader-s-secret-stay-in-Malta.399242 -
"Kim Jong Il's unlikely Maltese mentor & a secret military agreement"
https://www.nknews.org/2014/06/kim-jong-ils-unlikely-maltese-mentor-a-secret-military-agreement/ -
The Guardian
https://www.theguardian.com/comment/story/0,3604,866479,00.html -
Asia Times
https://web.archive.org/web/20040213164807/http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Korea/FB14Dg04.html -
Our Nation School
https://ournation-school.com/great/81/2#greates_wrapper -
Adrian Buzo, The Making of Modern Korea. London: Routledge Press, 2002, ISBN 978-0415237499, p. 127.
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Lim Jae-Cheon, Leader Symbols and Personality Cult in North Korea: The Leader State. New York: Taylor & Francis, 2015, I
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Lim Jae-Cheon, Kim Jong-il's Leadership of North Korea. New York: Routledge, 2008, ISBN 978-1134017126, pp. 38–47.
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Lim Jae-Cheon, Leader Symbols and Personality Cult in North Korea: The Leader State (New York: Taylor & Francis, 2015, I
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Lim Jae-Cheon, Kim Jong-il's Leadership of North Korea (New York: Routledge, 2008, ISBN 978-1134017126, pp. 38–47.
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Inside North Korea's Theocracy: The Rise and Sudden Fall of Jang Song-thaek
https://books.google.com/books?id=yEyWDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA35 -
Journal of Modern Science
https://www.jomswsge.com/,81826,0,2.html -
The Telegraph
https://www.telegraph.co.uk/films/0/kim-jong-il-guide-cinema-bond-rambo-friday-13th/ -
Tyranny of the Weak: North Korea and the World, 1950–1992
https://books.google.com/books?id=23PRnGPxSd0C&pg=PT321 -
Accidental Tyrant: The Live of Kim Il-sung
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A Kim Jong-Il Production: Kidnap, Torture, Murder... Making Movies North Korean-Style
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Kim Il-Sung: The North Korean Leader
https://archive.org/details/00book729884 -
"The Losers in N. Korea's Ruling Family", Chosun Ilbo, 17 February 2011.
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Hwang Jang Yop's Memoirs (2006)
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"Kim Jong Il Secures Position as Successor". Daily NK. 6 February 2011. Archived from original on 13 August 2013. Retrie
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Jang Jin-sung: Dear Leader: Poet, Spy, Escapee – A Look Inside North Korea, 2014.
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Daily NK
https://www.dailynk.com/english/read.php?cataId=nk03100&num=2040 -
NK News
https://www.nknews.org/2019/11/kim-pyong-il-long-time-north-korean-ambassador-in-europe-returns-home/ -
Buzo 2002, p. 127.
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The Age
https://web.archive.org/web/20070213145724/http://www.theage.com.au/news/North-Korea/North-Koreas-dear-leader-less-dear/2004/11/18/1100748136912.html -
"North Korea: Nuclear Standoff" Archived 3 January 2014 at the Wayback Machine, The Online NewsHour, PBS, 19 October 200
https://www.pbs.org/newshour/indepth_coverage/asia/northkorea/keyplayers/kimjongil.html -
Asia Times Online
https://web.archive.org/web/20041216133117/http://atimes.com/atimes/Japan/FL16Dh02.html -
"Kim Jong-un 'supreme commander'"
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-16325390 -
Kim Jong-il's Leadership of North Korea
https://books.google.com/books?id=ag16AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA155 -
North Korea, 2009–2012: A Guide to Economic and Political Developments
https://books.google.com/books?id=DVv-IYB2E-QC&pg=PA674 -
nkleadershipwatch.wordpress.com
https://web.archive.org/web/20150220151007/https://nkleadershipwatch.wordpress.com/2013/04/08/20th-anniversary-of-kim-jong-ils-election-as-ndc-chairman-commemorated/ -
irp.fas.org
https://irp.fas.org/world/rok/nis-docs/hwang2.htm -
Kleiner 2001, p. 291.
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Lim 2015, p. 90.
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Becker 2006, p. 129.
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"The Rise of Kim Jong Il – Evidence from East German Archives"
https://www.wilsoncenter.org/publication/the-rise-kim-jong-il-evidence-east-german-archives\ -
Buzo 2002, p. 175.
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Kleiner 2001, p. 296.
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Kleiner 2001, p. 274.
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"The Personal Secretariat"
http://nkleadershipwatch.wordpress.com/kji-2/kim-jong-il-personal-secretariat/ -
Lankov 2014, p. 130.
https://books.google.com/books?id=FHpYCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA130 -
Noland 2004.
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Famine in North Korea: Markets, Aid, and Reform
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The Economist
https://www.economist.com/asia/1997/04/17/a-terrible-truth -
"North Korea Agriculture" Archived 2 November 2006 at the Wayback Machine, Federal Research Division of the Library of C
http://www.country-studies.com/north-korea/agriculture.html -
nuke.fas.org
https://nuke.fas.org/guide/dprk/target/industry.htm -
"North Korea's Military Strategy"
https://web.archive.org/web/20070609120533/http://www.carlisle.army.mil/usawc/parameters/03spring/hodge.htm -
Asia Times Online
https://web.archive.org/web/20070108182523/http://atimes.com/atimes/Korea/IA04Dg02.html -
"North Korea's Capitalist Experiment" Archived 16 February 2009 at the Wayback Machine, Council on Foreign Relations, 8
http://www.cfr.org/publication/10858/ -
Christian Science Monitor
https://www.csmonitor.com/2005/0602/p07s02-woap.html -
United States Institute of Peace
https://web.archive.org/web/20120926224850/http://www.usip.org/publications/inside-north-korea-joint-us-chinese-dialogue -
Lankov 2014, pp. 131–133.
https://books.google.com/books?id=FHpYCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA131 -
"Asan, KOLAND Permitted to Develop Kaesong Complex", The Korea Times, 23 April 2004. [permanent dead link]
http://times.hankooki.com/lpage/biz/200404/kt2004042317263611880.htm -
The Real North Korea: Life and Politics in the Failed Stalinist Utopia
https://books.google.com/books?id=FHpYCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA24 -
ThoughtCo
https://www.thoughtco.com/facts-korean-war-quick-guide-195745 -
Foreign Affairs
https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/north-korea/2017-05-23/atoms-pyongyang -
GLOCOM Platform
http://www.glocom.org/media_reviews/w_review/20021028_weekly_review70/index.html -
"DPRK Successfully Conducts Underground Nuclear Test"
https://web.archive.org/web/20061026061534/http://www.kcna.co.jp/item/2006/200610/news10/10.htm -
"North Korea marks leader's birthday"
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/1823713.stm -
The Independent
https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/fashion/nkorea-leader-sets-world-fashion-trend-pyongyang-claims-5533361.html -
""Korean Monarch Kim Jong Il: Technocrat Ruler of the Hermit Kingdom Facing the Challenge of Modernity", The Nautilus Institute"
https://web.archive.org/web/20070816180527/http://nautilus.org/DPRKbriefingbook/negotiating/issue.html -
"Nuclear deal fuels Kim's celebrations"
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/6368203.stm -
The Independent
https://web.archive.org/web/20071026142417/http://news.independent.co.uk/world/asia/article1916374.ece -
The Times
https://web.archive.org/web/20061225131438/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,25689-2396147,00.html -
The New Zealand Herald
http://www.nzherald.co.nz/category/story.cfm?c_id=340&ObjectID=10405224 -
Compiled by the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor. "Country Reports on Human Rights Practices" Archived 2 Aug
https://2001-2009.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2003/27775.htm -
Lodestar
https://web.archive.org/web/20090319072854/http://www.korea-dpr.com/lodestar0605v.pdf -
World and Its Peoples: Eastern and Southern Asia
https://books.google.com/books?id=YG2AFyFppJQC&pg=PA929 -
"Human Rights in North Korea"
https://hrw.org/english/docs/2004/07/08/nkorea9040.htm -
Human Rights Watch
https://www.hrw.org/news/2015/02/13/north-korea-nothing-celebrate-about-kim-jong-il -
www.amnesty.org
https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2011/12/north-korea-kim-jong-il-s-death-opportunity-improving-human-rights/ -
Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics
https://doi.org/10.1080%2F13523270802003111 -
The Times
https://web.archive.org/web/20080911065831/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/asia/article4692472.ece -
Japan Today
https://japantoday.com/category/features/kuchikomi/north-koreas-kim-died-in-2003-and-was-replaced-by-lookalike-says-waseda-profesor -
Star Tribune
https://web.archive.org/web/20080911223358/http://www.startribune.com/nation/28048604.html -
"NKorean leader suffered stroke: Seoul intelligence"
https://web.archive.org/web/20080910201948/http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5j2zReXndGtxbEQ9gsY3SWxImKHHw -
english.kbs.co.kr
https://web.archive.org/web/20081216142545/http://english.kbs.co.kr/news/newsview_sub.php?menu=8&key=2008091021 -
"Mystery has surrounded Kim Jong Il"
https://edition.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/asiapcf/09/09/nkorea.kim/ -
BBC News
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/7607513.stm -
Time
https://web.archive.org/web/20080913235534/http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0%2C8599%2C1840419%2C00.html -
The Seoul Times
http://theseoultimes.com/ST/?url=%2FST%2Fdb%2Fread.php%3Fidx%3D7245 -
"Kim Jong Il Out of Public View as Major Holiday Passes"
https://web.archive.org/web/20081216141736/http://asia.news.yahoo.com/080915/4/3p21c.html -
The Korea Times
https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2008/10/116_32932.html -
Irish Independent
http://www.independent.ie/world-news/asia-pacific/report-sparks-more-speculation-on-kim-jong-ils-health-26488213.html -
The New York Times
https://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/29/world/asia/29kim.html -
"LCI, Corée du Nord: Le chirurgien français dément toute visite à Kim Jong II"
https://web.archive.org/web/20081101025832/http://tf1.lci.fr/infos/monde/asie/0%2C%2C4141229%2C00-le-chirurgien-francais-dement-tout-visite-a-kim-jong-ii-.html -
French doctor confirms Kim had stroke in 2008 Archived 4 June 2016 at the Wayback Machine (Associated Press via PhilStar
http://www.philstar.com/article.aspx?articleid=760393&publicationsubcategoryid=200 -
"JPG image"
https://web.archive.org/web/20081216143354/http://afp.google.com/media/ALeqM5ikrDW2BrCj5Y3MTang70ZE_smGwQ?size=s -
"French brain surgeon admits visiting Pyongyang: report"
https://web.archive.org/web/20091228010936/http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5gBLJIU2BX0waPQyOREz9HYBInH8g -
"cdn.turner.com (CNN, 2008)"
https://web.archive.org/web/20081105154112/http://i2.cdn.turner.com/cnn/2008/WORLD/asiapcf/11/04/nkorea.kim.ap/art.korea.ap.jpg -
"Kim Jong Il watches army training"
https://web.archive.org/web/20090311071223/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-11/05/content_10310320.htm -
The Times
https://web.archive.org/web/20081108012129/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/asia/article5101905.ece -
Reuters
https://www.reuters.com/article/newsOne/idUSTRE4AA0GS20081111 -
BBC News
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/7988096.stm -
The Daily Telegraph
https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/8166248/WikiLeaks-US-referred-to-Mahmoud-Ahmadinejad-as-Hitler.html -
The Daily Telegraph
http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/news/kim-jong-il-the-high-life-of-an-evil-dictator/story-e6freuy9-1226226187550 -
Reuters
https://www.reuters.com/article/newsOne/idUSSEO30011320080910 -
"North Korea silent over Kim Jong Il successor"
https://web.archive.org/web/20080209173116/http://www.indiaenews.com/asia/20070214/39480.htm -
ABC.net.au
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"Kim Jong Il Elected Chairman of NDC of DPRK"
https://web.archive.org/web/20141012061010/http://www.kcna.co.jp/item/2009/200904/news09/20090409-04ee.html -
BBC News
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/7991151.stm -
The Guardian
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/jun/02/kim-jong-il-names-son-successor -
The New York Times
https://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/13/world/asia/13briefs-NKOREAKIM.html -
Lankov 2014, p. 144.
https://books.google.com/books?id=FHpYCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA144 -
BBC News
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-pacific-11426284 -
BBC News
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/8657688.stm -
The Chosun Ilbo
http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2010/03/17/2010031700811.html -
BBC News
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/aug/26/north-korean-leader-china -
"DPRK leader Kim Jong-Il visits China"
http://www.china.org.cn/video/2011-05/27/content_22651894.htm -
Schwirtz, M. "Kim Il-Jong Visits Russia to Meet with President Medvedev", The New York Times. 21 August 2011.
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Reuters
https://www.reuters.com/article/us-korea-north-parade-idUSTRE7881UC20110909 -
BBC News
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"North Korean leader Kim Jong-il dead"
http://www.abc.net.au/news/2011-12-19/north-korean-leader-kim-jong-il-dead/3738526?WT.svl=news0 -
NBC News
https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna45719296 -
National Post
https://nationalpost.com/news/kim-jong-ils-son-kim-jong-un-poised-to-lead-north-korea -
Los Angeles Times
http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/world_now/2011/12/kim-jong-un-overshadow-uncle-kim-jong-il-dead.html -
"Kim Jong-il death: 'Nature mourns' N Korea leader"
https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-16297811 -
"Kim Jong Il to be enshrined as 'eternal leader'"
https://www.cbsnews.com/news/kim-jong-il-to-be-enshrined-as-eternal-leader/ -
The New York Times
https://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/13/world/asia/north-korea-to-display-dead-leaders-body.html -
ABC Sydney
http://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-01-13/north-korea-to-embalm-kim-jong-il/3770662/?site=sydney -
"North Korea's Kim Jong Un adds 'marshal' to list of official titles, cementing power over military"
https://www.cbsnews.com/news/north-koreas-kim-jong-un-adds-marshal-to-list-of-official-titles-cementing-power-over-military/ -
The Telegraph
https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/northkorea/9080823/North-Korea-awards-132-medals-to-commemorate-Kim-Jong-ils-birthday.html -
"The Women in Kim's Life"
https://web.archive.org/web/20100710141001/http://www.time.com/time/asia/covers/501030630/kim_women.html -
"Kim Jong-Il's Daughter Serves as His Secretary"
http://theseoultimes.com/ST/?url=%2FST%2Fdb%2Fread.php%3Fidx%3D3052 -
Breen 2012, p. 64.
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Los Angeles Times
https://www.latimes.com/archives/blogs/world-now/story/2011-12-22/north-korean-defector-says-kim-jong-il-stole-her-life -
Time Asia
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Under the Loving Care of the Fatherly Leader: North Korea and the Kim Dynasty
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The Chosun Ilbo
https://web.archive.org/web/20110821040624/http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2009/12/11/2009121100429.html -
"Kim Yo Jong"
https://nkleadershipwatch.wordpress.com/kji-2/kim-yo-jong/ -
"Report: Kim Jong Il Living With Former Secretary"
https://www.foxnews.com/story/report-kim-jong-il-living-with-former-secretary -
"Many women were linked to Kim Jong Il, but few had any influence"
https://www.latimes.com/world/la-xpm-2011-dec-24-la-fg-north-korea-women-20111225-story.html -
"North Korean leader's uncle 'executed over corruption'"
https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-25359939 -
Foreign Policy
https://foreignpolicy.com/articles/2010/05/04/profiles_in_phobia -
The Christian Science Monitor
https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Global-News/2010/0506/Secret-China-visit-All-aboard-Kim-Jong-il-s-luxury-train -
BBC News
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/1907197.stm -
CNN
http://www.cnn.com/2003/US/01/08/wbr.kim.jong.il/ -
BBC News
https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-16245174 -
The Guardian
https://www.theguardian.com/theobserver/2003/nov/02/features.magazine37 -
The New Yorker
https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2005/04/25/a-kim-jong-il-productio -
A Kim Jong-Il Production: The Extraordinary True Story of a Kidnapped Filmmaker, His Star Actress, and a Young Dictator's Rise to Power
https://archive.org/details/kimjongilproduct0000fisc?q=pulgasari -
"Movie-buff Kim Jong-Il seeks joint foreign film ventures"
https://web.archive.org/web/20120105231131/http://www.worldtribune.com/worldtribune/05/front2453662.077777778.html -
Cinematic Guerillas: Propaganda, Projectionists, and Audiences in Socialist China
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BBC News
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The Guardian
https://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/feb/21/kim-jong-il-movie-star-kidnap-plot-north-south-korea-godzilla -
"Film 'Diary of a Girl Student', Close Companion of Life" Archived 1 September 2006 at the Wayback Machine, Korea News
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Time
https://web.archive.org/web/20100613215447/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,201976-1,00.html -
"Kim Jong-il Satisfies his Gourmet Appetite while his People Starve"
https://web.archive.org/web/20050311193942/http://english.chosun.com/w21data/html/news/200406/200406270015.html -
San Diego Union-Tribune
https://web.archive.org/web/20160322073642/http://legacy.sandiegouniontribune.com/news/world/20061029-9999-1n29kim.html -
BBC News
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/783967.stm -
Frontline
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Coolidge & Segal 2009, p. 200.
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Coolidge & Segal 2009, p. 199.
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Daily NK
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Sunday Telegraph
https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/northkorea/7442188/Kim-Jong-il-keeps-4bn-emergency-fund-in-European-banks.html -
BBC News
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/8279830.stm -
A New View of North Korean Society and Culture
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The Guardian
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jul/18/kim-jong-un-marshal-north-korea -
Daily Telegraph
https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/northkorea/9083347/Kim-Jong-il-awarded-North-Koreas-highest-honour.html -
Daily Telegraph
https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/northkorea/9197729/Kim-Jong-il-made-General-Secretary-for-Eternity-at-North-Korea-ceremony.html -
"North Korea country profile"
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-pacific-15258881 -
NCNK
https://www.ncnk.org/sites/default/files/content/resources/publications/KJU_Speeches_7th_Congress.pdf -
Constitution of North Korea (2012)[dead link] Wikisource
http://wikisophia.org/index.php?title=Constitution_of_the_Democratic_People%27s_Republic_of_Korea_(2012) -
Naenara
https://web.archive.org/web/20160221043246/http://naenara.com.kp/en/juche/great.php?great+1+1-01#contents -
"Over 530 works of Kim Jong Il published"
https://web.archive.org/web/20141012063225/http://www.kcna.co.jp/item/2001/200106/news06/18.htm -
"Over 120 works of Kim Jong Il brought out"
https://web.archive.org/web/20141012070821/http://www.kcna.co.jp/item/2000/200012/news12/26.htm -
"Kim Jong Il Authors Lots of Works"
https://web.archive.org/web/20141012052403/http://www.kcna.co.jp/item/2009/200908/news25/20090825-03ee.html -
"'Selected Works of Kim Jong Il' (Enlarged Edition) Vol. 24 Off Press"
https://web.archive.org/web/20191124025732/http://www.kcna.co.jp/item/2014/201411/news22/20141122-14ee.html -
Korea Publications Exchange Association catalogue
https://web.archive.org/web/20170402162111/http://www.nordkorea-info.de/files/KPEA-Catalogue-2015-10-HP_7xtn9yg0.pdf#27 -
north-korea-books.com
https://web.archive.org/web/20160430004204/http://www.north-korea-books.com/index.php?route=product%2Fcategory&path=1_18_46 -
Rodong Sinmun
https://web.archive.org/web/20160513233841/http://www.rodong.rep.kp/en/index.php?strPageID=SF01_02_01&newsID=2016-05-05-0014 -
"Service Personnel, People Visit Kim Jong Il's Works Exhibition House"
https://web.archive.org/web/20191124075509/http://www.kcna.co.jp/item/2015/201502/news18/20150218-14ee.html -
Naenara
https://web.archive.org/web/20160221043338/http://naenara.com.kp/en/juche/great.php?great+1+1-23#contents -
Naenara
https://web.archive.org/web/20160221125937/http://naenara.com.kp/en/society/hymn_music.php?c -
Lim 2015, p. 28.
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To keep the tree of manageable size, it omits five out of the seven known legitimate children of Kim Il Sung. Other chil
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Korean names often have a variety of transliterations into English, which can be confusing. For example, "Kim Jong Chul"
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"North Korea's First Family: Mapping the personal and political drama of the Kim clan"
https://web.archive.org/web/20120204171124/https://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/39382760/ns/world_news-asia_pacific/t/north-koreas-first-family/#.TyL9qPlciZV -
"The world's most mysterious family tree: Kim Jong Un's secretive dynasty is full of drama, death"
http://edition.cnn.com/2017/02/15/asia/kim-jong-un-family-tree-trnd/index.html -
The Sister: The extraordinary story of Kim Yo Jong, the most powerful woman in North Korea
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Official North Korean biographies of Kim Jong Il list his birth year as 1942. The Korean calendar is based upon the Chin
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Official North Korean biographies of Kim Jong Un list his birth year as 1982. The Korean calendar is based upon the Chin
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Birth year for Kim Ju Ae is not publicly known. She may have been born in either late 2012 or early 2013.
