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Khujand

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Khujand

Khujand, sometimes spelled Khodjent and formerly known as Leninabad from 1936 to 1991, is the second-largest city of Tajikistan and the capital of Tajikistan's northernmost Sughd province. Khujand is one of the oldest cities in Central Asia, dating back about 2,500 years to the Persian Empire. Situated on the Syr Darya river at the mouth of the Fergana Valley, Khujand was a major city along the ancient Silk Road. After being captured by Alexander the Great in 329 BC, it was renamed Alexandria Eschate and has since been part of various empires in history, including the Umayyad Caliphate (8th century), the Mongol Empire (13th century) and the Russian empire (19th century). Today, the majority of its population are ethnic Tajiks and the city is close to the present borders of both Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan.

Infobox

Country
Tajikistan
Province
Sughd
• City
191,000
• Metro
1,001,700
Elevation
300 m (980 ft)
• Urban
770,000
Time zone
UTC 5
Area code
00 992 3422
Official languages
mw- Russian (Interethnic) Tajik (State)
Website
www.khujand.tj
Postal code
735700

Tables

Month
Month
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
Month
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
Jan
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
Feb
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
Mar
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
Apr
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
May
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
Jun
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
Jul
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
Aug
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
Sep
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
Oct
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
Nov
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
Dec
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
Year
Record high °C (°F)
Record high °C (°F)
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
Record high °C (°F)
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
16.6(61.9)
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
22.1(71.8)
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
28.8(83.8)
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
36.5(97.7)
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
39.9(103.8)
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
43.5(110.3)
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
45.9(114.6)
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
43.8(110.8)
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
39.8(103.6)
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
33.8(92.8)
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
25.0(77.0)
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
18.9(66.0)
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
45.9(114.6)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
4.2(39.6)
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
7.2(45.0)
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
14.9(58.8)
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
22.3(72.1)
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
28.6(83.5)
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
34.2(93.6)
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
35.7(96.3)
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
34.1(93.4)
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
28.8(83.8)
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
21.0(69.8)
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
12.3(54.1)
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
5.9(42.6)
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
20.8(69.4)
Daily mean °C (°F)
Daily mean °C (°F)
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
Daily mean °C (°F)
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
0.9(33.6)
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
3.3(37.9)
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
9.7(49.5)
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
16.1(61.0)
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
21.9(71.4)
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
26.9(80.4)
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
28.6(83.5)
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
26.8(80.2)
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
21.4(70.5)
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
14.4(57.9)
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
7.5(45.5)
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
2.5(36.5)
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
15.0(59.0)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
−1.6(29.1)
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
−0.3(31.5)
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
5.5(41.9)
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
10.7(51.3)
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
16.2(61.2)
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
20.4(68.7)
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
21.9(71.4)
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
20.1(68.2)
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
14.9(58.8)
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
9.1(48.4)
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
3.8(38.8)
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
−0.1(31.8)
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
10.1(50.1)
Record low °C (°F)
Record low °C (°F)
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
Record low °C (°F)
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
−22.8(−9.0)
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
−22.2(−8.0)
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
−13.6(7.5)
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
−3.9(25.0)
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
0.8(33.4)
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
8.7(47.7)
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
10.5(50.9)
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
7.0(44.6)
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
−1.1(30.0)
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
−6.8(19.8)
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
−18.8(−1.8)
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
−20.0(−4.0)
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
−22.8(−9.0)
Average precipitation mm (inches)
Average precipitation mm (inches)
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
Average precipitation mm (inches)
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
15(0.6)
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
21(0.8)
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
26(1.0)
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
27(1.1)
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
23(0.9)
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
6(0.2)
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
2(0.1)
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
2(0.1)
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
3(0.1)
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
10(0.4)
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
21(0.8)
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
17(0.7)
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
173(6.8)
Average precipitation days
Average precipitation days
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
Average precipitation days
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
11.4
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
11.0
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
12.7
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
12.6
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
12.0
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
6.3
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
4.1
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
2.6
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
3.2
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
6.8
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
7.4
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
10.4
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
100.5
Average relative humidity (%)
Average relative humidity (%)
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
Average relative humidity (%)
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
77.8
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
75.4
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
64.0
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
56.3
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
48.7
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
34.8
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
33.8
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
38.4
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
43.3
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
55.4
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
75.2
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
76.4
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
56.6
Mean monthly sunshine hours
Mean monthly sunshine hours
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
Mean monthly sunshine hours
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
126
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
131
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
168
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
211
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
297
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
358
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
382
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
363
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
300
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
225
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
160
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
106
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
2,827
Source 1: Pogoda.ru.net, NOAA (sun 1961–1990)
Source 1: Pogoda.ru.net, NOAA (sun 1961–1990)
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
Source 1: Pogoda.ru.net, NOAA (sun 1961–1990)
Source 2: climatebase.ru (precipitation days, humidity)
Source 2: climatebase.ru (precipitation days, humidity)
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
Source 2: climatebase.ru (precipitation days, humidity)
Climate data for Khujand (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present)
Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year
Record high °C (°F)
16.6(61.9)
22.1(71.8)
28.8(83.8)
36.5(97.7)
39.9(103.8)
43.5(110.3)
45.9(114.6)
43.8(110.8)
39.8(103.6)
33.8(92.8)
25.0(77.0)
18.9(66.0)
45.9(114.6)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
4.2(39.6)
7.2(45.0)
14.9(58.8)
22.3(72.1)
28.6(83.5)
34.2(93.6)
35.7(96.3)
34.1(93.4)
28.8(83.8)
21.0(69.8)
12.3(54.1)
5.9(42.6)
20.8(69.4)
Daily mean °C (°F)
0.9(33.6)
3.3(37.9)
9.7(49.5)
16.1(61.0)
21.9(71.4)
26.9(80.4)
28.6(83.5)
26.8(80.2)
21.4(70.5)
14.4(57.9)
7.5(45.5)
2.5(36.5)
15.0(59.0)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
−1.6(29.1)
−0.3(31.5)
5.5(41.9)
10.7(51.3)
16.2(61.2)
20.4(68.7)
21.9(71.4)
20.1(68.2)
14.9(58.8)
9.1(48.4)
3.8(38.8)
−0.1(31.8)
10.1(50.1)
Record low °C (°F)
−22.8(−9.0)
−22.2(−8.0)
−13.6(7.5)
−3.9(25.0)
0.8(33.4)
8.7(47.7)
10.5(50.9)
7.0(44.6)
−1.1(30.0)
−6.8(19.8)
−18.8(−1.8)
−20.0(−4.0)
−22.8(−9.0)
Average precipitation mm (inches)
15(0.6)
21(0.8)
26(1.0)
27(1.1)
23(0.9)
6(0.2)
2(0.1)
2(0.1)
3(0.1)
10(0.4)
21(0.8)
17(0.7)
173(6.8)
Average precipitation days
11.4
11.0
12.7
12.6
12.0
6.3
4.1
2.6
3.2
6.8
7.4
10.4
100.5
Average relative humidity (%)
77.8
75.4
64.0
56.3
48.7
34.8
33.8
38.4
43.3
55.4
75.2
76.4
56.6
Mean monthly sunshine hours
126
131
168
211
297
358
382
363
300
225
160
106
2,827
Source 1: Pogoda.ru.net, NOAA (sun 1961–1990)
Source 2: climatebase.ru (precipitation days, humidity)

References

  1. Tajik: Хуҷанд; Russian: Худжанд; Uzbek: Хoʻjand; Persian: خجند‌, romanized: Khojand
  2. Russian: Ленинабад, romanized: Leninabad; Tajik: Ленинобод, romanized: Leninobod; Persian: لنین‌آباد‌, romanized: Leninâ
  3. "Population size, Republic of Tajikistan on January 1, 2019"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20150702021130/http://www.stat.tj/ru/img/65a709121baf8a64bf15d33f398aafde_1435736807.pdf
  4. prokuratura.tj
    http://prokuratura.tj/ru/legislation/the-constitution-of-the-republic-of-tajikistan.html
  5. Historical Dictionary of Tajikistan
    https://books.google.com/books?id=OsllDwAAQBAJ
  6. Prevas, John. (2004). Envy of the Gods: Alexander the Great's Ill-Fated Journey across Asia, p. 121. Da Capo Press, Camb
  7. Caravanistan
    https://caravanistan.com/tajikistan/north/khujand/
  8. "Khujand"
    https://samarkandtours.com/tajikistan/khujand/
  9. "A Country Study: Tajikistan, Tajikistan under Russian Rule, Library of Congress Call Number DK851 .K34 1997"
    http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field%28DOCID+tj0013%29
  10. About Khujand, http://fezsughd.tj/en/about_khujand/ Archived 24 December 2014 at the Wayback Machine
    http://fezsughd.tj/en/about_khujand/
  11. Laboratory of socialist development: Cold War politics and decolonization in Soviet Tajikistan
    https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1013988565
  12. International Crisis Group. "Water Pressures in Central Asia Archived 20 May 2016 at the Wayback Machine", CrisisGroup.o
    http://www.crisisgroup.org/~/media/Files/europe/central-asia/233-water-pressures-in-central-asia.pdf
  13. Foreign Policy Research Institute
    https://www.fpri.org/article/2022/05/northern-afghanistan-and-the-new-threat-to-central-asia/
  14. United States Institute of Peace
    https://web.archive.org/web/20150320154949/http://www.usip.org/sites/default/files/SR355_Preventing-Violent-Extremism-in-Kyrgyzstan.pdf
  15. www.prisoneralert.com
    https://www.prisoneralert.com/pprofiles/vp_prisoner_261_profile.html
  16. http://www.caravanistan.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/central-asia-railroad-train-map-kazakhstan-uzbekistan-kyrgyzstan-
    http://www.caravanistan.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/central-asia-railroad-train-map-kazakhstan-uzbekistan-kyrgyzstan-tajikistan-turkmenistan-afghanistan.gif
  17. Caravanistan
    https://caravanistan.com/transport/train/tajikistan/
  18. archive.shine.cn
    https://web.archive.org/web/20210305225701/https://archive.shine.cn/article/article_xinhua.aspx?id=260205
  19. www.advantour.com
    https://www.advantour.com/tajikistan/khujand/khujand-fortress.htm
  20. www.azianatravel.com
    https://web.archive.org/web/20180719105625/http://www.azianatravel.com/en/sheikh-muslihiddin-mausoleum
  21. КЛИМАТ УЛАН-БАТОРА
    http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/climate.php?id=38599
  22. "Leninbad (Khujand) Climate Normals 1961–1990"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20230125191907/ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_II/RA/38599.TXT
  23. "Leninabad, Tajikistan"
    http://climatebase.ru/station/38599/?lang=en
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