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Kenya

Updated: Wikipedia source

Kenya

Kenya, officially the Republic of Kenya, is a country located in East Africa. With an estimated population of more than 53.3 million as of mid-2025, Kenya is the 27th-most populous country in the world and the seventh-most populous in Africa. Kenya's capital and largest city is Nairobi. The second-largest and oldest city is Mombasa, a major port city located on Mombasa Island. Other major cities within the country include Kisumu, Nakuru and Eldoret. Going clockwise, Kenya is bordered by South Sudan to the northwest (though much of that border includes the disputed Ilemi Triangle), Ethiopia to the north, Somalia to the east, the Indian Ocean to the southeast, Tanzania to the southwest, and Lake Victoria and Uganda to the west. Kenya's geography, climate and population vary widely. In western Rift Valley counties, the landscape includes cold, snow-capped mountaintops (such as Batian, Nelion, and Point Lenana on Mount Kenya) with vast surrounding forests, wildlife, and fertile agricultural regions in temperate climates. In other areas there are dry, arid, and semi-arid climates, as well as absolute deserts (such as the Chalbi Desert and Nyiri Desert). Kenya's earliest inhabitants included some of the first humans to evolve from ancestral members of the genus Homo. Ample fossil evidence for this evolutionary history has been found at Koobi Fora. Later, Kenya was inhabited by hunter-gatherers similar to the present-day Hadza people. According to archaeological dating of associated artifacts and skeletal material, Cushitic speakers first settled in the region's lowlands between 3,200 and 1,300 BC, a phase known as the Lowland Savanna Pastoral Neolithic. Nilotic-speaking pastoralists (ancestral to Kenya's Nilotic speakers) began migrating from present-day South Sudan into Kenya around 500 BC. Bantu people settled at the coast and the interior between 250 BC and 500 AD. European contact began in 1500 AD with the Portuguese Empire, and effective colonisation of Kenya began in the 19th century during the European exploration of Africa. Modern-day Kenya emerged from a protectorate, established by the British Empire in 1895, and the subsequent Kenya Colony, which began in 1920. Mombasa was the capital of the British East Africa Protectorate, which included most of what is now Kenya and southwestern Somalia, from 1889 to 1907. Numerous disputes between the UK and the colony led to the Mau Mau revolution, which began in 1952, and the declaration of Kenya's independence in 1963. After independence, Kenya remained a member of the Commonwealth of Nations. The country's current constitution was adopted in 2010, replacing the previous 1963 constitution. Kenya is a presidential representative democratic republic, in which elected officials represent the people and the president is the head of state and government. The country is a member of the United Nations, the Commonwealth, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, World Trade Organization, COMESA, International Criminal Court, as well as several other international organisations. It is also a major non-NATO ally of the United States. Kenya's economy is the largest in East and Central Africa, with Nairobi serving as a major regional commercial hub. With a per-capita Gross National Income of $2,110, the country is a lower-middle-income economy. Agriculture is the country's largest economic sector; tea and coffee are the sector's traditional cash crops, while fresh flowers are a fast-growing export. The service industry, particularly tourism, is also one of the country's major economic drivers. Kenya is a member of the East African Community trade bloc, though some international trade organisations categorise it as part of the Greater Horn of Africa. Africa is Kenya's largest export market, followed by the European Union.

Infobox

Capitaland largest city
Nairobi 1°16′S 36°48′E / 1.267°S 36.800°E / -1.267; 36.800
Official languages
mw- .inline, .inline dl, .inline ol, .inline ul, dl dl, dl ol, dl ul, ol dl, ol ol dd dd dd , dd dt , dd li , dt dd , dt dt , dt li , li dd dd dd , dd dt , dd li , dt dd , dt dt , dt li , li dd dd ol li SwahiliEnglish
National language
Swahili
Ethnic groups (2019 census)
mw- 17.13% Kikuyu14.35% Luhya13.37% Kalenjin10.65% Luo9.81% Kamba5.85% Somali5.68% Kisii5.23% Mijikenda4.15% Meru13.78% others
Religion (2019 census)
85.5% Christianity10.9% Islam1.5% no religion0.7% traditional faiths1.3% others
Demonym
Kenyan
Government
Unitary presidential republic
• President
William Ruto
• Deputy President
Kithure Kindiki
• Senate Speaker
Amason Kingi
• Assembly Speaker
Moses Wetangula
• Chief Justice
Martha Koome
Legislature
Parliament
• Upper house
Senate
• Lower house
National Assembly
• Dominion
12 December 1963
• Republic
12 December 1964
• Current Constitution
27 August 2010
• Total
$131.67 billion (59th)
• Water (%)
2.3
• 2024 estimate
52,428,290 (28th)
• 2019 census
47,564,296
• Density
82/km2 (212.4/sq mi) (124th)
GDP (PPP)
2025 estimate
• Per capita
$2,470 (150th)
GDP (nominal)
2025 estimate
Gini (2021)
38.7 } }medium inequality
HDI (2023)
0.628medium (143rd)
Currency
Kenyan shilling (KES)
Time zone
UTC 3 (East Africa Time)
Date format
dd/mm/yy (AD)
Calling code
254
ISO 3166 code
KE
Internet TLD
ke
• 2025 estimate
53,330,978 (28th)

Tables

Economic summary · Economy › Vision 2030
Annual growth rate
Annual growth rate
GDP
Annual growth rate
$41.84 billion (2012) at Market Price. $76.07 billion (Purchasing Power Parity, 2012) There exists an informal economy that is never counted as part of the official GDP figures.
5.1% (2012)
Per capita income
Per capita income
GDP
Per capita income
$41.84 billion (2012) at Market Price. $76.07 billion (Purchasing Power Parity, 2012) There exists an informal economy that is never counted as part of the official GDP figures.
Per Capita Income (PPP)= $1,800
Agricultural produce
Agricultural produce
GDP
Agricultural produce
$41.84 billion (2012) at Market Price. $76.07 billion (Purchasing Power Parity, 2012) There exists an informal economy that is never counted as part of the official GDP figures.
tea, coffee, corn, wheat, sugarcane, fruit, vegetables, dairy products, beef, pork, poultry, eggs
Industry
Industry
GDP
Industry
$41.84 billion (2012) at Market Price. $76.07 billion (Purchasing Power Parity, 2012) There exists an informal economy that is never counted as part of the official GDP figures.
small-scale consumer goods (plastic, furniture, batteries, textiles, clothing, soap, cigarettes, flour), agricultural products, horticulture, oil refining; aluminium, steel, lead; cement, commercial ship repair, tourism
GDP
billion (2012) at Market Price. $76.07 billion (Purchasing Power Parity, 2012) There exists an informal economy that is never counted as part of the official GDP figures.
Annual growth rate
5.1% (2012)
Per capita income
Per Capita Income (PPP)= $1,800
Agricultural produce
tea, coffee, corn, wheat, sugarcane, fruit, vegetables, dairy products, beef, pork, poultry, eggs
Industry
small-scale consumer goods (plastic, furniture, batteries, textiles, clothing, soap, cigarettes, flour), agricultural products, horticulture, oil refining; aluminium, steel, lead; cement, commercial ship repair, tourism
Trade in 2012 · Economy › Vision 2030
Major markets
Major markets
Exports
Major markets
$5.942 billion
Uganda 9.9%, Tanzania 9.6%, Netherlands 8.4%, UK, 8.1%, US 6.2%, Egypt 4.9%, Democratic Republic of the Congo 4.2% (2012)
Imports
Imports
Exports
Imports
$5.942 billion
$14.39 billion
tea, coffee, horticultural products, petroleum products, cement, fish
machinery and transportation equipment, petroleum products, motor vehicles, iron and steel, resins and plastics
Major suppliers
Major suppliers
Exports
Major suppliers
$5.942 billion
China 15.3%, India 13.8%, UAE 10.5%, Saudi Arabia 7.3%, South Africa 5.5%, Japan 4.0% (2012)
Exports
billion
tea, coffee, horticultural products, petroleum products, cement, fish
Major markets
Uganda 9.9%, Tanzania 9.6%, Netherlands 8.4%, UK, 8.1%, US 6.2%, Egypt 4.9%, Democratic Republic of the Congo 4.2% (2012)
Imports
billion
machinery and transportation equipment, petroleum products, motor vehicles, iron and steel, resins and plastics
Major suppliers
China 15.3%, India 13.8%, UAE 10.5%, Saudi Arabia 7.3%, South Africa 5.5%, Japan 4.0% (2012)
· Demographics
Year
Year
Population
Year
Population
Million
1948
1948
Population
1948
Population
5.4
1962
1962
Population
1962
Population
8.3
1969
1969
Population
1969
Population
10.9
2000
2000
Population
2000
Population
31.4
2021
2021
Population
2021
Population
53
Population
Year
Million
1948
5.4
1962
8.3
1969
10.9
2000
31.4
2021
53

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