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Kashmir

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Kashmir

Kashmir ( KASH-meer or kash-MEER) is the northernmost geographical region of the Indian subcontinent. Until the mid-19th century, the term Kashmir denoted only the Kashmir Valley between the Great Himalayas and the Pir Panjal Range. The term has since also come to encompass a larger area that formerly comprised the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir, and includes the Indian-administered territories of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh, the Pakistani-administered territories of Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan, and the Chinese-administered territories of Aksai Chin and the Trans-Karakoram Tract.

In 1819, the Sikh Empire, under Ranjit Singh, annexed the Kashmir valley. In 1846, after the Sikh defeat in the First Anglo-Sikh War, and upon the purchase of the region from the British under the Treaty of Amritsar, the Raja of Jammu, Gulab Singh, became the new ruler of Jammu and Kashmir. The rule of his descendants, under the paramountcy (or tutelage) of the British Crown, lasted until the Partition of India in 1947, when the former princely state of the British Indian Empire became a disputed territory, now administered by three countries: China, India, and Pakistan.

Infobox

Imperial conversion
Imperial conversion JFMAMJJASOND 2.4 45 29 3.2 51 31 4.1 60 40 3.5 69 46 2.4 76 52 1.8 83 59 2.3 86 65 2.7 85 64 1.5 82 56 0.9 73 43 1.1 61 34 2.1 50 29 █ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F █ Precipitation totals in inches

Tables

Population of Jammu & Kashmir Princely State by Province (1901–1941) · Demographics › Colonial era
Pop.
Pop.
Census Year
Pop.
Jammu Province
%
Jammu Province
Pop.
Kashmir Province
%
Kashmir Province
Pop.
Frontier Regions
%
Frontier Regions
Pop.
Jammu & Kashmir Princely State
%
1901
1901
Census Year
1901
Jammu Province
1,521,307
Jammu Province
52.36%
Kashmir Province
1,157,394
Kashmir Province
39.83%
Frontier Regions
226,877
Frontier Regions
7.81%
Jammu & Kashmir Princely State
2,905,578
Jammu & Kashmir Princely State
100%
1911
1911
Census Year
1911
Jammu Province
1,597,865
Jammu Province
50.6%
Kashmir Province
1,295,201
Kashmir Province
41.01%
Frontier Regions
265,060
Frontier Regions
8.39%
Jammu & Kashmir Princely State
3,158,126
Jammu & Kashmir Princely State
100%
1921
1921
Census Year
1921
Jammu Province
1,640,259
Jammu Province
49.4%
Kashmir Province
1,407,086
Kashmir Province
42.38%
Frontier Regions
273,173
Frontier Regions
8.23%
Jammu & Kashmir Princely State
3,320,518
Jammu & Kashmir Princely State
100%
1931
1931
Census Year
1931
Jammu Province
1,788,441
Jammu Province
49.05%
Kashmir Province
1,569,218
Kashmir Province
43.04%
Frontier Regions
288,584
Frontier Regions
7.91%
Jammu & Kashmir Princely State
3,646,243
Jammu & Kashmir Princely State
100%
1941
1941
Census Year
1941
Jammu Province
1,981,433
Jammu Province
49.27%
Kashmir Province
1,728,705
Kashmir Province
42.99%
Frontier Regions
311,478
Frontier Regions
7.75%
Jammu & Kashmir Princely State
4,021,616
Jammu & Kashmir Princely State
100%
Census Year
Jammu Province
Kashmir Province
Frontier Regions
Jammu & Kashmir Princely State
Pop.
%
Pop.
%
Pop.
%
Pop.
%
1901
1,521,307
52.36%
1,157,394
39.83%
226,877
7.81%
2,905,578
100%
1911
1,597,865
50.6%
1,295,201
41.01%
265,060
8.39%
3,158,126
100%
1921
1,640,259
49.4%
1,407,086
42.38%
273,173
8.23%
3,320,518
100%
1931
1,788,441
49.05%
1,569,218
43.04%
288,584
7.91%
3,646,243
100%
1941
1,981,433
49.27%
1,728,705
42.99%
311,478
7.75%
4,021,616
100%
Religious groups in Jammu & Kashmir Princely State (British India era) · Demographics › Colonial era
Pop.
Pop.
Religiousgroup
Pop.
1901
%
1901
Pop.
1911
%
1911
Pop.
1921
%
1921
Pop.
1931
%
1931
Pop.
1941
%
Islam
Islam
Religiousgroup
Islam
1901
2,154,695
1901
74.16%
1911
2,398,320
1911
75.94%
1921
2,548,514
1921
76.75%
1931
2,817,636
1931
77.28%
1941
3,101,247
1941
77.11%
Hinduism
Hinduism
Religiousgroup
Hinduism
1901
689,073
1901
23.72%
1911
690,390
1911
21.86%
1921
692,641
1921
20.86%
1931
736,222
1931
20.19%
1941
809,165
1941
20.12%
Buddhism
Buddhism
Religiousgroup
Buddhism
1901
35,047
1901
1.21%
1911
36,512
1911
1.16%
1921
37,685
1921
1.13%
1931
38,724
1931
1.06%
1941
40,696
1941
1.01%
Sikhism
Sikhism
Religiousgroup
Sikhism
1901
25,828
1901
0.89%
1911
31,553
1911
1%
1921
39,507
1921
1.19%
1931
50,662
1931
1.39%
1941
65,903
1941
1.64%
Jainism
Jainism
Religiousgroup
Jainism
1901
442
1901
0.02%
1911
345
1911
0.01%
1921
529
1921
0.02%
1931
597
1931
0.02%
1941
910
1941
0.02%
Christianity
Christianity
Religiousgroup
Christianity
1901
422
1901
0.01%
1911
975
1911
0.03%
1921
1,634
1921
0.05%
1931
2,263
1931
0.06%
1941
3,509
1941
0.09%
Zoroastrianism
Zoroastrianism
Religiousgroup
Zoroastrianism
1901
11
1901
0%
1911
31
1911
0%
1921
7
1921
0%
1931
5
1931
0%
1941
29
1941
0%
Tribal
Tribal
Religiousgroup
Tribal
1901
1901
1911
1911
1921
1921
1931
134
1931
0%
1941
51
1941
0%
Judaism
Judaism
Religiousgroup
Judaism
1901
1901
1911
1911
1921
1921
1931
1931
1941
10
1941
0%
Others
Others
Religiousgroup
Others
1901
60
1901
0%
1911
0
1911
0%
1921
1
1921
0%
1931
0
1931
0%
1941
95
1941
0%
Total population
Total population
Religiousgroup
Total population
1901
2,905,578
1901
100%
1911
3,158,126
1911
100%
1921
3,320,518
1921
100%
1931
3,646,243
1931
100%
1941
4,021,616
1941
100%
Note: The Princely State of Jammu and Kashmir includes the contemporary administrative divisions of Jammu, Kashmir, Ladakh, Azad Kashmir, and Gilgit-Baltistan.
Note: The Princely State of Jammu and Kashmir includes the contemporary administrative divisions of Jammu, Kashmir, Ladakh, Azad Kashmir, and Gilgit-Baltistan.
Religiousgroup
Note: The Princely State of Jammu and Kashmir includes the contemporary administrative divisions of Jammu, Kashmir, Ladakh, Azad Kashmir, and Gilgit-Baltistan.
Religiousgroup
1901
1911
1921
1931
1941
Pop.
%
Pop.
%
Pop.
%
Pop.
%
Pop.
%
Islam
2,154,695
74.16%
2,398,320
75.94%
2,548,514
76.75%
2,817,636
77.28%
3,101,247
77.11%
Hinduism
689,073
23.72%
690,390
21.86%
692,641
20.86%
736,222
20.19%
809,165
20.12%
Buddhism
35,047
1.21%
36,512
1.16%
37,685
1.13%
38,724
1.06%
40,696
1.01%
Sikhism
25,828
0.89%
31,553
1%
39,507
1.19%
50,662
1.39%
65,903
1.64%
Jainism
442
0.02%
345
0.01%
529
0.02%
597
0.02%
910
0.02%
Christianity
422
0.01%
975
0.03%
1,634
0.05%
2,263
0.06%
3,509
0.09%
Zoroastrianism
11
0%
31
0%
7
0%
5
0%
29
0%
Tribal
134
0%
51
0%
Judaism
10
0%
Others
60
0%
0
0%
1
0%
0
0%
95
0%
Total population
2,905,578
100%
3,158,126
100%
3,320,518
100%
3,646,243
100%
4,021,616
100%
Note: The Princely State of Jammu and Kashmir includes the contemporary administrative divisions of Jammu, Kashmir, Ladakh, Azad Kashmir, and Gilgit-Baltistan.
· Demographics › Modern era
India
India
Administered by
India
Area
Kashmir Valley
Population
~4 million (4 million)
% Muslim
95%
% Hindu
4%
% Buddhist
% other
Jammu
Jammu
Administered by
Jammu
Area
~3 million (3 million)
Population
30%
% Muslim
66%
% Hindu
% Buddhist
4%
Ladakh
Ladakh
Administered by
Ladakh
Area
~0.25 million (250,000)
Population
46%
% Muslim
12%
% Hindu
40%
% Buddhist
2%
Pakistan
Pakistan
Administered by
Pakistan
Area
Azad Kashmir
Population
~4 million (4 million)
% Muslim
100%
% Hindu
% Buddhist
% other
Gilgit-Baltistan
Gilgit-Baltistan
Administered by
Gilgit-Baltistan
Area
~2 million (2 million)
Population
99%
% Muslim
% Hindu
% Buddhist
China
China
Administered by
China
Area
Aksai Chin
Population
% Muslim
% Hindu
% Buddhist
% other
Trans-Karakoram
Trans-Karakoram
Administered by
Trans-Karakoram
Area
Population
% Muslim
% Hindu
% Buddhist
Statistics from the BBC.
Statistics from the BBC.
Administered by
Statistics from the BBC.
Administered by
Area
Population
% Muslim
% Hindu
% Buddhist
% other
India
Kashmir Valley
~4 million (4 million)
95%
4%
Jammu
~3 million (3 million)
30%
66%
4%
Ladakh
million (250,000)
46%
12%
40%
2%
Pakistan
Azad Kashmir
~4 million (4 million)
100%
Gilgit-Baltistan
~2 million (2 million)
99%
China
Aksai Chin
Trans-Karakoram
Statistics from the BBC.

References

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