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Kannada

Updated: Wikipedia source

Kannada

Kannada (Kannada: [ˈkənːəɖa] ) is a Dravidian language spoken predominantly in the state of Karnataka in southwestern India, and spoken by a minority of the population in all neighbouring states. It has 44 million native speakers, and is additionally a second or third language for 15 million speakers in Karnataka. It is the official and administrative language of Karnataka. It also has scheduled status in India and has been included among the country's designated classical languages. Kannada was the court language of a number of dynasties and empires of South India, Central India and the Deccan Plateau, namely the Kadamba dynasty, Western Ganga dynasty, Nolamba dynasty, Chalukya dynasty, Rashtrakutas, Western Chalukya Empire, Seuna dynasty, Kingdom of Mysore, Nayakas of Keladi, Hoysala dynasty and the Vijayanagara Empire. The Kannada language is written using the Kannada script, which evolved from the 5th-century Kadamba script. Kannada is attested epigraphically for about one and a half millennia and literary Old Kannada flourished during the 9th-century Rashtrakuta Empire. Kannada has an unbroken literary history of around 1200 years. Kannada literature has been presented with eight Jnanpith Awards, the most for any Dravidian language and the second highest for any Indian language, and one International Booker Prize. In July 2011, a center for the study of classical Kannada was established as part of the Central Institute of Indian Languages in Mysore to facilitate research related to the language.

Infobox

Pronunciation
[ˈkənːəɖa]
Native to
India
Region
Karnataka
Ethnicity
Kannadigas
Speakers
L1: 44 million (2011)L2: 15 million (2011)
Language family
Dravidian SouthernSouthern ITamil-KannadaKannadoidKannada
Early form
Proto-Dravidan Old Kannada
Dialects
Mangalore Kannada Havyaka Kundagannada Arebhashe
Writing system
Kannada script Kannada Braille
Official language in
India Karnataka
Regulated by
Government of Karnataka
ISO 639-1
kn
ISO 639-2
kan
ISO 639-3
kan
Glottolog
nucl1305
Linguasphere
49-EBA-a

Tables

· Phonology › Consonants
Nasal
Nasal
Col 1
Nasal
Col 2
m (ಮ)
Labial
n (ನ)
Dental/alveolar
ɳ (ಣ)
Retroflex
(ɲ) (ಞ)
Post-alv./palatal
(ŋ) (ಙ)
Plosive/Affricate
Plosive/Affricate
Col 1
Plosive/Affricate
Col 2
voiceless
Labial
p (ಪ)
Dental/alveolar
t̪ (ತ)
Retroflex
ʈ (ಟ)
Post-alv./palatal
tʃ (ಚ)
Velar
k (ಕ)
aspirated
aspirated
Col 1
aspirated
Col 2
pʰ (ಫ)
Labial
t̪ʰ (ಥ)
Dental/alveolar
ʈʰ (ಠ)
Retroflex
tʃʰ (ಛ)
Post-alv./palatal
kʰ (ಖ)
voiced
voiced
Col 1
voiced
Col 2
b (ಬ)
Labial
d̪ (ದ)
Dental/alveolar
ɖ (ಡ)
Retroflex
dʒ (ಜ)
Post-alv./palatal
ɡ (ಗ)
breathy
breathy
Col 1
breathy
Col 2
bʱ (ಭ)
Labial
d̪ʱ (ಧ)
Dental/alveolar
ɖʱ (ಢ)
Retroflex
dʒʱ (ಝ)
Post-alv./palatal
ɡʱ (ಘ)
Fricative
Fricative
Col 1
Fricative
Labial
s (ಸ)
Dental/alveolar
ʂ (ಷ)
Retroflex
ʃ (ಶ)
Velar
h (ಹ)
Approximant
Approximant
Col 1
Approximant
Col 2
ʋ (ವ)
Labial
l (ಲ)
Dental/alveolar
ɭ (ಳ)
Retroflex
j (ಯ)
Rhotic
Rhotic
Col 1
Rhotic
Labial
r (ರ)
Labial
Dental/alveolar
Retroflex
Post-alv./palatal
Velar
Glottal
Nasal
m (ಮ)
n (ನ)
ɳ (ಣ)
(ɲ) (ಞ)
(ŋ) (ಙ)
Plosive/Affricate
voiceless
p (ಪ)
t̪ (ತ)
ʈ (ಟ)
tʃ (ಚ)
k (ಕ)
aspirated
pʰ (ಫ)
t̪ʰ (ಥ)
ʈʰ (ಠ)
tʃʰ (ಛ)
kʰ (ಖ)
voiced
b (ಬ)
d̪ (ದ)
ɖ (ಡ)
dʒ (ಜ)
ɡ (ಗ)
breathy
bʱ (ಭ)
d̪ʱ (ಧ)
ɖʱ (ಢ)
dʒʱ (ಝ)
ɡʱ (ಘ)
Fricative
s (ಸ)
ʂ (ಷ)
ʃ (ಶ)
h (ಹ)
Approximant
ʋ (ವ)
l (ಲ)
ɭ (ಳ)
j (ಯ)
Rhotic
r (ರ)
· Phonology › Vowels
short
short
Col 1
short
Front
long
Front
short
Central
long
Central
short
Back
long
Close
Close
Col 1
Close
Front
i (ಇ)
Front
iː (ಈ)
Back
u (ಉ)
Back
uː (ಊ)
Mid
Mid
Col 1
Mid
Front
e (ಎ)
Front
eː (ಏ)
Back
o (ಒ)
Back
oː (ಓ)
Open
Open
Col 1
Open
Front
a (ಅ)
Central
aː (ಆ)
Front
Central
Back
short
long
short
long
short
long
Close
i (ಇ)
iː (ಈ)
u (ಉ)
uː (ಊ)
Mid
e (ಎ)
eː (ಏ)
o (ಒ)
oː (ಓ)
Open
a (ಅ)
aː (ಆ)

References

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