Topzle Topzle

John Roberts

Updated: Wikipedia source

John Roberts

John Glover Roberts Jr. (born January 27, 1955) is an American jurist who has served since 2005 as the 17th chief justice of the United States. Though primarily an institutionalist, he has been described as having a moderate conservative judicial philosophy. Regarded as a swing vote in some cases, Roberts has presided over an ideological shift toward conservative jurisprudence on the high court, in which he has authored key opinions. Born in Buffalo, New York, Roberts was raised Catholic in Northwest Indiana and studied at Harvard University, initially intending to become a historian. He graduated in three years with highest distinction, then attended Harvard Law School, where he was the managing editor of the Harvard Law Review. Roberts later served as a law clerk for Judge Henry Friendly and Justice William Rehnquist and held positions in the Department of Justice from 1989 to 1993 during the presidencies of Ronald Reagan and George H. W. Bush. Roberts then built a leading appellate practice, arguing 39 cases before the Supreme Court. In 1992, Bush nominated Roberts to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, but the Senate did not hold a confirmation vote. In 2003, Roberts was appointed to that circuit court by President George W. Bush, who in 2005 nominated him to the Supreme Court—initially as an associate justice to fill the vacancy left by Justice Sandra Day O'Connor and then to chief justice after William Rehnquist's death. Roberts was confirmed by a Senate vote of 78–22. Aged 50, he was the youngest chief justice since John Marshall, who assumed the office at age 46. As chief justice, Roberts has authored majority opinions in many landmark cases, including National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius (upholding most sections of the Affordable Care Act), Shelby County v. Holder (limiting the Voting Rights Act of 1965), Trump v. Hawaii (expanding presidential powers over immigration), Carpenter v. United States (expanding digital privacy), Students for Fair Admissions v. Harvard (overruling race-based admission programs), and Trump v. United States (outlining the extent of presidential immunity from criminal prosecution). Roberts also presided over President Donald Trump's first impeachment trial.

Infobox

Nominated by
George W. Bush
Preceded by
J. Michael Luttig
Succeeded by
Robert Kruger
President
Ronald Reagan
Born
John Glover Roberts Jr. (1955-01-27) January 27, 1955 (age 70)Buffalo, New York, U.S.
Spouse
mw- Jane Sullivan (m. 1996)
Children
2
Education
Harvard University (BA, JD)
Awards
Henry J. Friendly Medal (2023)

Tables

Selected cases · Appellate advocacy
First Options v. Kaplan, 514 U.S. 938
First Options v. Kaplan, 514 U.S. 938
Case
First Options v. Kaplan, 514 U.S. 938
Argued
March 22, 1995
Decided
May 22, 1995
Represented
Respondent
Adams v. Robertson, 520 U.S. 83[permanent dead link]
Adams v. Robertson, 520 U.S. 83[permanent dead link]
Case
Adams v. Robertson, 520 U.S. 83[permanent dead link]
Argued
January 14, 1997
Decided
March 3, 1997
Represented
Respondent
Alaska v. Native Village of Venetie Tribal Government, 522 U.S. 520
Alaska v. Native Village of Venetie Tribal Government, 522 U.S. 520
Case
Alaska v. Native Village of Venetie Tribal Government, 522 U.S. 520
Argued
December 10, 1997
Decided
February 25, 1999
Represented
Petitioner
Feltner v. Columbia Pictures Television, Inc., 523 U.S. 340
Feltner v. Columbia Pictures Television, Inc., 523 U.S. 340
Case
Feltner v. Columbia Pictures Television, Inc., 523 U.S. 340
Argued
January 21, 1998
Decided
March 31, 1998
Represented
Petitioner
National Collegiate Athletic Association v. Smith, 525 U.S. 459
National Collegiate Athletic Association v. Smith, 525 U.S. 459
Case
National Collegiate Athletic Association v. Smith, 525 U.S. 459
Argued
January 20, 1999
Decided
February 23, 1999
Represented
Petitioner
Rice v. Cayetano, 528 U.S. 495
Rice v. Cayetano, 528 U.S. 495
Case
Rice v. Cayetano, 528 U.S. 495
Argued
October 6, 1999
Decided
February 23, 2000
Represented
Respondent
Eastern Associated Coal Corp. v. Mine Workers, 531 U.S. 57
Eastern Associated Coal Corp. v. Mine Workers, 531 U.S. 57
Case
Eastern Associated Coal Corp. v. Mine Workers, 531 U.S. 57
Argued
October 2, 2000
Decided
November 28, 2000
Represented
Petitioner
TrafFix Devices, Inc. v. Marketing Displays, Inc., 532 U.S. 23
TrafFix Devices, Inc. v. Marketing Displays, Inc., 532 U.S. 23
Case
TrafFix Devices, Inc. v. Marketing Displays, Inc., 532 U.S. 23
Argued
November 29, 2000
Decided
March 20, 2001
Represented
Petitioner
Toyota Motor Manufacturing v. Williams, 534 U.S. 184
Toyota Motor Manufacturing v. Williams, 534 U.S. 184
Case
Toyota Motor Manufacturing v. Williams, 534 U.S. 184
Argued
November 7, 2001
Decided
January 8, 2002
Represented
Petitioner
Tahoe-Sierra Preservation Council, Inc. v. Tahoe Regional Planning Agency, 535 U.S. 302
Tahoe-Sierra Preservation Council, Inc. v. Tahoe Regional Planning Agency, 535 U.S. 302
Case
Tahoe-Sierra Preservation Council, Inc. v. Tahoe Regional Planning Agency, 535 U.S. 302
Argued
January 7, 2002
Decided
April 23, 2002
Represented
Respondent
Rush Prudential HMO, Inc. v. Moran, 536 U.S. 355
Rush Prudential HMO, Inc. v. Moran, 536 U.S. 355
Case
Rush Prudential HMO, Inc. v. Moran, 536 U.S. 355
Argued
January 16, 2002
Decided
June 20, 2002
Represented
Petitioner
Gonzaga University v. Doe, 536 U.S. 273
Gonzaga University v. Doe, 536 U.S. 273
Case
Gonzaga University v. Doe, 536 U.S. 273
Argued
April 24, 2002
Decided
June 20, 2002
Represented
Petitioner
Barnhart v. Peabody Coal Co., 537 U.S. 149
Barnhart v. Peabody Coal Co., 537 U.S. 149
Case
Barnhart v. Peabody Coal Co., 537 U.S. 149
Argued
October 8, 2002
Decided
January 15, 2003
Represented
Respondent
Smith v. Doe, 538 U.S. 84
Smith v. Doe, 538 U.S. 84
Case
Smith v. Doe, 538 U.S. 84
Argued
November 13, 2002
Decided
March 5, 2003
Represented
Petitioner
Case
Argued
Decided
Represented
First Options v. Kaplan, 514 U.S. 938
March 22, 1995
May 22, 1995
Respondent
Adams v. Robertson, 520 U.S. 83[permanent dead link]
January 14, 1997
March 3, 1997
Respondent
Alaska v. Native Village of Venetie Tribal Government, 522 U.S. 520
December 10, 1997
February 25, 1999
Petitioner
Feltner v. Columbia Pictures Television, Inc., 523 U.S. 340
January 21, 1998
March 31, 1998
Petitioner
National Collegiate Athletic Association v. Smith, 525 U.S. 459
January 20, 1999
February 23, 1999
Petitioner
Rice v. Cayetano, 528 U.S. 495
October 6, 1999
February 23, 2000
Respondent
Eastern Associated Coal Corp. v. Mine Workers, 531 U.S. 57
October 2, 2000
November 28, 2000
Petitioner
TrafFix Devices, Inc. v. Marketing Displays, Inc., 532 U.S. 23
November 29, 2000
March 20, 2001
Petitioner
Toyota Motor Manufacturing v. Williams, 534 U.S. 184
November 7, 2001
January 8, 2002
Petitioner
Tahoe-Sierra Preservation Council, Inc. v. Tahoe Regional Planning Agency, 535 U.S. 302
January 7, 2002
April 23, 2002
Respondent
Rush Prudential HMO, Inc. v. Moran, 536 U.S. 355
January 16, 2002
June 20, 2002
Petitioner
Gonzaga University v. Doe, 536 U.S. 273
April 24, 2002
June 20, 2002
Petitioner
Barnhart v. Peabody Coal Co., 537 U.S. 149
October 8, 2002
January 15, 2003
Respondent
Smith v. Doe, 538 U.S. 84
November 13, 2002
March 5, 2003
Petitioner
· External links
Preceded byJames L. Buckley
Preceded byJames L. Buckley
Legal offices
Preceded byJames L. Buckley
Legal offices
Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit 2003–2005
Legal offices
Succeeded byPatricia Millett
Preceded byWilliam Rehnquist
Preceded byWilliam Rehnquist
Legal offices
Preceded byWilliam Rehnquist
Legal offices
Chief Justice of the United States 2005–present
Legal offices
Incumbent
U.S. order of precedence (ceremonial)
U.S. order of precedence (ceremonial)
Legal offices
U.S. order of precedence (ceremonial)
Legal offices
Preceded byJames L. Buckley
Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit 2003–2005
Succeeded byPatricia Millett
Preceded byWilliam Rehnquist
Chief Justice of the United States 2005–present
Incumbent
order of precedence (ceremonial)
Preceded byMike Johnsonas Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives
Order of precedence of the United Statesas Chief Justice of the United States
Succeeded byBill Clintonas Former president of the United States

References

  1. Roberts turned down an offer to pursue a doctorate in history at Harvard on a full scholarship.
  2. Roberts's colleagues on the Harvard Law Review also included Jane C. Ginsburg, the daughter of Judge Ruth Bader Ginsburg
  3. Harvard students considered a clerkship with Friendly to be "the gold standard"; Charles Davidow, a fellow member of the
  4. Roberts has considered Friendly "the most influential figure in his life." During his Supreme Court confirmation hearing
  5. Starr chose Roberts to assist O'Connor in matters concerning abortion during her hearings before the Senate Judiciary Co
  6. Democrats Ted Kennedy (Massachusetts), Chuck Schumer (New York), and Dick Durbin (Illinois) were those who opposed Rober
  7. Roberts, like some other judges on the D.C. Circuit, borrowed from classical works in writing his opinions, and he often
  8. Including two important decisions, firstly in Sierra Club v. E.P.A. (2004), rejecting claims of an environmental rights
  9. Usually ruling in favor of the government, including in United States v. Bolla (2003), which upheld a harsh securities f
  10. Ronald Reagan Presidential Library
    https://web.archive.org/web/20190412033341/https://www.reaganlibrary.gov/sites/default/files/archives/textual/smof/robertsj.pdf
  11. The American Presidency Project
    https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/appointment-robert-m-kruger-associate-counsel-the-president
  12. Financial Times
    https://www.ft.com/content/2248b2e3-b911-48ec-9eeb-632c0c26ab16
  13. The Atlantic
    https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2020/07/john-roberts-just-who-supreme-court-needed/614053/
  14. Washington Post
    https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2021/05/20/chief-justice-john-roberts-key-swing-vote-potential-bystander/
  15. The New York Review of Books
    https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2024/08/15/the-supreme-courts-power-grab/
  16. Christian Science Monitor
    https://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Justice/2024/0930/supreme-court-chief-justice-john-roberts
  17. Greenburg 2007, p. 186–187.
  18. PBS
    https://www.thirteen.org/wnet/supremecourt/future/robes_roberts.html
  19. Friedman & Israel 2013, p. 466, 468.
  20. Biskupic 2019, p. 17.
  21. Biskupic 2019, p. 18, 21.
  22. The Times
    https://www.nwitimes.com/news/local/obituaries/kathleen-a-godbey/article_b62f3c6d-0ff6-51d0-84e3-3f087345b889.html?mode=nowapp
  23. Biskupic 2019, p. 21.
  24. The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/2005/07/21/politics/21nominee.html?ex=1279598400&en=c055515d290a3215&ei=5090&partner=rssuserland&emc=rss
  25. Stone 2020, p. 1015–1016.
  26. The New Yorker
    https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2009/05/25/no-more-mr-nice-guy
  27. Stone 2020, p. 1015.
  28. Biskupic 2019, p. 29.
  29. Biskupic 2019, p. 35–36.
  30. The Harvard Crimson
    https://www.thecrimson.com/article/2005/7/15/alum-tapped-for-high-court-john/
  31. Biskupic 2019, p. 38.
  32. Biskupic 2019, p. 36.
  33. Biskupic 2019, p. 35.
  34. Biskupic 2019, p. 40, 44.
  35. Biskupic 2019, p. 39.
  36. The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/2005/07/31/weekinreview/judge-roberts-meet-daniel-webster.html
  37. Biskupic 2019, p. 44–45.
  38. Snyder 2010, p. 1217.
  39. Toobin 2007, p. 262.
  40. Biskupic 2019, pp. 45–46; Snyder 2010, p. 1217.
  41. Snyder 2010, p. 1215, 1217.
  42. Biskupic 2019, p. 46; Friedman & Israel 2013, p. 467–468.
  43. Snyder 2010, p. 1218–1219.
  44. Snyder 2010, p. 1221.
  45. Biskupic 2019, p. 51–52, 85–86.
  46. Friedman & Israel 2013, p. 468.
  47. Biskupic 2019, p. 61, 63–64.
  48. Biskupic 2019, p. 65.
  49. Biskupic 2019, p. 66–67.
  50. Biskupic 2019, p. 70.
  51. Biskupic 2019, p. 69.
  52. Biskupic 2019, p. 73, 76, 81, 96, 124–125.
  53. Biskupic 2019, pp. 81–82; Greenburg 2007, p. 38.
  54. "Former Hogan & Hartson Partner John G. Roberts, Jr. Confirmed as Chief Justice of the United States" (Press release), H
    https://web.archive.org/web/20130515055519/http://www.hoganlovells.com/newsmedia/newspubs/detail.aspx?news=456
  55. Biskupic 2019, p. 93.
  56. SCOTUSblog
    https://www.scotusblog.com/biographies-of-the-justices/
  57. Friedman & Israel 2013, p. 470.
  58. Biskupic 2019, p. 94–95.
  59. Register of the U.S. Department of Justice and the Federal Courts
    https://books.google.com/books?id=WtSLVJ4zBAwC&q=John+G.+Roberts%2C+Jr.+Oct+24%2C+1989
  60. Biskupic 2019, p. 95.
  61. Biskupic 2019, p. 96.
  62. Friedman & Israel 2013, p. 471.
  63. Biskupic 2019, p. 102–104.
  64. Friedman & Israel 2013, p. 470–471.
  65. Biskupic 2019, p. 97–99.
  66. Biskupic 2019, p. 99.
  67. Snyder 2010, p. 1149, 1151, 1215–1216.
  68. Biskupic 2019, p. 109–110.
  69. Biskupic 2019, pp. 111–112; Friedman & Israel 2013, p. 471.
  70. George W. Bush | White House archives
    https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/infocus/judicialnominees/roberts.html
  71. Greenburg 2007, p. 186.
  72. Biskupic 2019, p. 112.
  73. Friedman & Israel 2013, p. 471–473.
  74. Stone 2020, p. 1019.
  75. Biskupic 2019, p. 113.
  76. The Los Angeles Times
    https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2005-aug-04-na-roberts4-story.html
  77. Stone 2020, p. 1019–1020.
  78. Toobin 2007, p. 149.
  79. Biskupic 2019, p. 1–2, 119.
  80. Biskupic 2019, p. 119–120.
  81. Greenburg 2007, pp. 186–187; Biskupic 2019, p. 131.
  82. Biskupic 2019, p. 117.
  83. Biskupic 2019, p. 118–119.
  84. Biskupic 2019, p. 119.
  85. Nominations, 2001 Congressional Record, Vol. 147, Page S4773 Archived December 12, 2019, at the Wayback Machine (May 9,
    https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CREC-2001-05-09/pdf/CREC-2001-05-09-senate.pdf
  86. Biskupic 2019, p. 131; Friedman & Israel 2013, p. 473.
  87. Biskupic 2019, p. 132.
  88. Biskupic 2019, p. 135.
  89. Toobin 2007, p. 264; Biskupic 2019, pp. 133, 135; Greenburg 2007, p. 187.
  90. John Roberts at the Biographical Directory of Federal Judges, a publication of the Federal Judicial Center.
    https://www.fjc.gov/node/1391841
  91. Toobin 2007, p. 264–265.
  92. Friedman & Israel 2013, p. 473.
  93. Biskupic 2019, p. 136.
  94. Friedman & Israel 2013, p. 474.
  95. Friedman & Israel 2013, p. 473–475.
  96. Friedman & Israel 2013, p. 475.
  97. Biskupic 2019, p. 138.
  98. Greenburg 2007, p. 185–186, 188.
  99. C-SPAN
    http://www.c-spanvideo.org/program/JusticeNomi
  100. United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary
    http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=108_senate_hearings&docid=f:92548.wais
  101. Hearings before the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, 108th Congress, 1st Session Archived November 21,
    http://www.access.gpo.gov/congress/senate/pdf/108hrg/92548.pdf
  102. The Washington Post
    https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/09/13/AR2005091300693.html
  103. "Committee on the Judiciary United States Senate"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20111121190047/http://www.access.gpo.gov/congress/senate/pdf/108hrg/92548.pdf
  104. "Testimony of the Honorable Dick Thornburgh"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20081205031655/http://judiciary.senate.gov/hearings/testimony.cfm?id=1611&wit_id=4609
  105. Greenburg 2007, p. 232.
  106. The Washington Post
    https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/09/13/AR2005091300682.html
  107. Greenburg 2007, p. 226.
  108. Greenburg 2007, p. 233.
  109. The Atlantic
    https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2006/06/the-day-after-roe/304882/
  110. Congressional Record
    https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CREC-2005-09-29/pdf/CREC-2005-09-29-senate.pdf
  111. "U.S. Senate: Legislation & Records Home > Votes > Roll Call Vote"
    https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_lists/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=109&session=1&vote=00245
  112. "Roll call vote on the Nomination (Confirmation Samuel A. Alito, Jr., of New Jersey, to be an Associate Justice)"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20080829201552/https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_lists/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=109&session=2&vote=00002
  113. "Roll call vote on the Nomination (Confirmation Sonia Sotomayor, of New York, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court)"
    https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_lists/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=111&session=1&vote=00262
  114. "Roll call vote on the Nomination (Confirmation Elena Kagan of Massachusetts, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the U.S.)"
    https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_lists/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=111&session=2&vote=00229
  115. "Roll call vote on the Nomination (Confirmation Neil M. Gorsuch of Colorado, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the U.S.)"
    https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_lists/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=115&session=1&vote=00111
  116. "A conversation with Justice Antonin Scalia"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20090705104255/http://www.charlierose.com/view/interview/9141
  117. The New Yorker
    https://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2009/05/25/090525fa_fact_toobin
  118. American Justice 2014: Nine Clashing Visions on the Supreme Court
    https://books.google.com/books?id=6mRyBAAAQBAJ
  119. Diane S. Sykes, "Of a Judiciary Nature": Observations on Chief Justice Roberts's First Opinions, 34 Pepp. L. Rev. 1027 (
  120. Law School Student Scholarship
    https://scholarship.shu.edu/student_scholarship/572
  121. The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/2006/05/22/washington/22justice.html
  122. The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/15/opinion/trump-roberts-shutdown.html
  123. BBC News
    https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-46294734
  124. NBC News
    https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/supreme-court/rare-rebuke-chief-justice-roberts-slams-trump-comment-about-obama-n939016
  125. The New Yorker
    https://www.newyorker.com/news/our-columnists/why-did-chief-justice-john-roberts-decide-to-speak-out-against-trump
  126. CNN
    https://edition.cnn.com/2020/01/21/politics/john-roberts-trump-impeachment-trial-strategy/index.html
  127. The Hill
    https://thehill.com/regulation/court-battles/535977-why-john-robertss-absence-from-senate-trial-isnt-a-surprise
  128. Making your case: the art of persuading judges
  129. The New Republic
    https://newrepublic.com/article/politics/magazine/104898/john-roberts-supreme-court-aca
  130. The Roberts Court: the struggle for the constitution
    https://archive.org/details/robertscourtstru0000coyl
  131. The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2014/06/24/upshot/24up-scotus-agreement-rates.html?abt=0002&abg=0
  132. SCOTUSblog
    https://www.scotusblog.com/2019/04/empirical-scotus-is-kavanaugh-as-conservative-as-expected/
  133. The Guardian
    https://web.archive.org/web/20220628205743/https://www.theguardian.com/law/2021/oct/11/us-supreme-court-john-roberts-politics
  134. Politico
    https://web.archive.org/web/20220724033732/https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2021/09/15/the-roberts-court-is-dying-heres-what-comes-next-511784
  135. New York Times
    https://web.archive.org/web/20220714071857/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/24/us/abortion-supreme-court-roberts.html
  136. CNN
    https://web.archive.org/web/20220719172734/https://edition.cnn.com/2022/06/26/politics/john-roberts-chief-justice-roe-dobbs-analysis/index.html
  137. CNBC
    https://www.cnbc.com/2018/06/26/supreme-court-rules-in-trump-muslim-travel-ban-case.html
  138. The Supreme Court, 2017 Term — Leading Cases
    https://harvardlawreview.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/327-336_Online.pdf
  139. Josh Blackman
    https://object.cato.org/sites/cato.org/files/serials/files/supreme-court-review/2018/9/2018-cato-supreme-court-review-2.pdf
  140. SCOTUSblog
    http://www.scotusblog.com/2018/06/opinion-analysis-divided-court-upholds-trump-travel-ban/
  141. The New York Times
    https://web.archive.org/web/20200709204530/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/09/us/trump-taxes-supreme-court.html
  142. NBC News
    https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/supreme-court/supreme-court-rules-new-york-prosecutor-can-get-trump-s-n1232086
  143. "Supreme Court rules against Trump in 2 landmark cases about his taxes and financial records"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20200709220131/https://www.businessinsider.com/supreme-court-ruling-trump-taxes-financial-records-2020-7?r=DE&IR=T
  144. The Washington Post
    https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/courts_law/supreme-court-trump-tax-returns-financial-records/2020/07/09/8f274352-c1e2-11ea-9fdd-b7ac6b051dc8_story.html
  145. supremecourt.gov
    https://www.supremecourt.gov/search.aspx?filename=/docket/docketfiles/html/public/19-715.html
  146. "Politics & Policy: The Supreme Court Puts Trump in His Place"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20200709214121/https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2020-07-09/trump-tax-returns-supreme-court-says-trump-is-not-above-the-law
  147. "Supreme Court provides win to Trump, ruling he has immunity for many acts in election interference indictment"
    https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/supreme-court/supreme-court-rules-trump-may-immunity-federal-election-inter-rcna149135
  148. Deseret News
    https://www.deseret.com/politics/2024/07/01/supreme-court-punts-trumps-presidential-immunity-case-back-to-lower-court/
  149. Reuters
    https://www.reuters.com/legal/us-supreme-court-due-rule-trumps-immunity-bid-blockbuster-case-2024-07-01/
  150. NPR
    https://www.npr.org/2024/07/01/nx-s1-5002157/supreme-court-trump-immunity
  151. SCOTUSblog
    https://www.scotusblog.com/2024/07/justices-rule-trump-has-some-immunity-from-prosecution/
  152. Vox
    https://www.vox.com/scotus/358292/supreme-court-trump-immunity-dictatorship
  153. CBS News
    https://www.cbsnews.com/news/supreme-court-trump-immunity-decision-opinion/
  154. The Washington Post
    https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2024/07/01/trump-immunity-supreme-court-ruling/
  155. "Federal Election Commission v. Wisconsin Right to Life, Inc"
    https://www.oyez.org/cases/2006/06-969
  156. FEC.gov
    https://www.fec.gov/legal-resources/court-cases/wisconsin-right-to-life-inc-v-fec/
  157. Citizens United v. Federal Election Comm'n (Roberts, C. J., concurring)
    https://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/08-205.ZC.html
  158. Oyez
    https://www.oyez.org/cases/2013/12-536
  159. "Williams-Yulee v. The Florida Bar"
    https://www.oyez.org/cases/2014/13-1499
  160. Andrew Lessig, "Williams-Yulee v. The Florida Bar: Judicial Elections as the Exception", The DIGEST: National Italian Am
    http://digest.syr.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Lessig-7-10.pdf
  161. CNN
    https://www.cnn.com/2021/07/01/politics/california-charitable-contributions-dark-money-supreme-court/index.html
  162. "Third Party Consent Searches After Georgia v. Randolph: Dueling Approaches to the Dueling Roommates"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20150924043751/http://www.bu.edu/law/central/jd/organizations/journals/bulr/documents/WILLIAMS.pdf
  163. supremecourt.gov
    https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/15pdf/14-1373_83i7.pdf
  164. supremecourt.gov
    https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/17pdf/16-402_h315.pdf
  165. "Justice Thomas wrote separately to emphasize this: "whether the Act constitutes a permissible exercise of Congress' power under the Commerce Clause is not before the Court"
    https://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/05-380.ZC.html
  166. cnbc.com
    https://www.cnbc.com/2018/12/10/supreme-court-hamstrings-states-efforts-to-defund-planned-parenthood.html
  167. cnn.com
    https://www.cnn.com/2018/12/10/politics/supreme-court-planned-parenthood-abortion/index.html
  168. Reuters TV
    https://www.reuters.tv/v/PgnL/2019/02/08/u-s-supreme-court-blocks-louisiana-abortion-law
  169. NPR.org
    https://www.npr.org/2020/06/29/874458692/supreme-court-hands-abortion-rights-a-victory-in-louisiana-case
  170. NBC News
    https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/supreme-court/supreme-court-strikes-down-restrictive-louisiana-abortion-law-n1231392
  171. The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/07/us/politics/louisiana-abortion-law-supreme-court.html
  172. NPR.org
    https://www.npr.org/2019/02/07/690319510/supreme-court-stops-louisiana-abortion-law-from-being-implemented
  173. CNN
    https://www.cnn.com/2020/07/29/politics/brett-kavanaugh-supreme-court-abortion-trump-documents/index.html
  174. The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/2021/09/01/us/supreme-court-texas-abortion.html
  175. CNN
    https://www.cnn.com/2016/11/04/politics/justice-roberts-thomas-death-penalty/index.html
  176. Reuters
    https://www.reuters.com/article/us-alabama-execution-idUSKCN1PX07C
  177. The Hill
    https://thehill.com/regulation/court-battles/430556-supreme-court-tosses-death-sentence-for-texas-man
  178. USA Today
    https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2019/02/19/supreme-court-bobby-james-moore-death-penalty-case/2914569002/
  179. The Nine: Inside the Secret World of the Supreme Court
    https://archive.org/details/nineinsidesecret00toob/page/389
  180. "Justices Reject Race as Factor in School Placement"
    https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=11507805
  181. Brown II
    http://supreme.justia.com/us/349/294/case.html#298
  182. Adarand Constructors v. Pena, 515 U.S. 200 Archived January 21, 2010, at the Wayback Machine, 227 (1995).
    http://supreme.justia.com/us/515/200/case.html
  183. Grutter v. Bollinger, 539 U.S. 306 Archived November 8, 2010, at the Wayback Machine, 339 (2003).
    http://supreme.justia.com/us/539/306/case.html
  184. Parents Involved, slip op. at 16 Archived May 31, 2010, at the Wayback Machine
    https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/06pdf/05-908.pdf
  185. The Independent
    https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/supreme-court-strike-affirmative-action-university-b2366556.html
  186. The Economist
    https://www.economist.com/daily/news/displaystory.cfm?story_id=9424122&top_story=1
  187. Tribune Wire Services. "Supreme court crushes law against animal cruelty videos and photos" Archived July 1, 2010, at th
    http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/unleashed/2010/04/supreme-court-animal-videos.html
  188. The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/03/us/03scotus.html
  189. PBS Newshour
    https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/supreme-court-rules-picketing-of-funerals-is-protected-speech
  190. Time
    https://content.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,2056613,00.html
  191. Gallatin School of Individualized Study
    https://confluence.gallatin.nyu.edu/sections/research/snyder-v-phelps-how-free-is-speech
  192. SCOTUSblog
    https://www.scotusblog.com/2011/03/commentary-privacy-in-different-settings/
  193. Politico
    https://www.politico.com/story/2012/06/supreme-court-upholds-individual-mandate-077935
  194. The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/29/us/supreme-court-lets-health-law-largely-stand.html
  195. "New SCOTUS parlor game: Did Roberts flip?"
    https://www.politico.com/story/2012/06/new-scotus-parlor-game-did-roberts-flip-078048
  196. Crawford, Jan
    https://www.cbsnews.com/news/roberts-switched-views-to-uphold-health-care-law/
  197. Salon
    http://www.salon.com/2012/07/03/roberts_wrote_both_obamacare_opinions/
  198. CNN
    https://www.cnn.com/2013/06/26/politics/scotus-prop-8/index.html
  199. The Guardian
    https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jun/26/supreme-court-doma-prop-8-rulings
  200. NPR.org
    https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/06/26/417717613/supreme-court-rules-all-states-must-allow-same-sex-marriages
  201. The Washington Post
    https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/courts_law/a-supreme-court-mystery-has-roberts-embraced-same-sex-marriage-ruling/2017/07/16/33cd522a-68d1-11e7-8eb5-cbccc2e7bfbf_story.html
  202. AP News
    https://apnews.com/ef3c19a79b65c060fd9e82b9dd87a1d9
  203. NBC News
    https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/supreme-court/supreme-court-rejects-appeal-county-clerk-who-wouldn-t-issue-n1242124
  204. The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/17/us/supreme-court-gay-rights-foster-care.html
  205. CNN
    https://www.cnn.com/2021/07/02/politics/supreme-court-flower-shop-same-sex-wedding-case/index.html
  206. ABC News
    https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/gay-couple-wins-case-florist-supreme-court-rejects/story?id=78631214
  207. CNBC
    https://www.cnbc.com/2021/07/02/supreme-court-declines-to-say-whether-flower-shop-can-reject-same-sex-weddings.html
  208. AP News
    https://apnews.com/article/us-supreme-court-business-religion-california-discrimination-b7ecdd5c56deec5be7782843b21b6e34
  209. Reuters
    https://www.reuters.com/legal/government/us-supreme-court-spurns-catholic-hospital-appeal-over-transgender-patient-2021-11-01/
  210. The Mercury News
    https://www.mercurynews.com/2021/11/02/supreme-court-wont-hear-case-involving-transgender-rights
  211. Politico
    https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2015/08/john-roberts-voting-rights-act-121222/
  212. Vox
    https://www.vox.com/21211880/supreme-court-chief-justice-john-roberts-voting-rights-act-election-2020
  213. NPR.org
    https://www.npr.org/2021/03/02/970729426/high-noon-for-the-future-of-the-voting-rights-act-at-the-supreme-court
  214. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics
    https://doi.org/10.1257%2Fapp.20170572
  215. American Journal of Political Science
    https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fajps.12284
  216. CNN
    https://edition.cnn.com/2018/09/12/politics/voting-rights-federal-commission-election/index.html
  217. U.S. Commission on Civil Rights
    https://www.usccr.gov/pubs/2018/Minority_Voting_Access_2018.pdf
  218. American Politics Research
    https://archive.today/20210105160727/https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1532673X20916426
  219. "Allen v. Milligan, No. 21–1086"
    https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/22pdf/21-1086_1co6.pdf
  220. "Chief Justice Roberts Delivers a Surprise on the Voting Rights Act"
    https://www.brennancenter.org/our-work/analysis-opinion/chief-justice-roberts-delivers-surprise-voting-rights-act
  221. The New Yorker
    https://www.newyorker.com/news/daily-comment/the-supreme-courts-surprise-defense-of-the-voting-rights-act
  222. news.holycross.edu
    https://news.holycross.edu/blog/2007/04/17/john-g-roberts-jr-chief-justice-of-the-united-states-to-deliver-commencement-address/
  223. Business Insider
    https://www.businessinsider.com/john-roberts-bio-photo-chief-justice-supreme-court-2020-1
  224. Worcester Telegram & Gazette
    https://www.telegram.com/story/news/local/north/2007/05/27/chief-justice-s-wife-juggles/52888827007/
  225. The Washington Post
    https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2023/05/23/supreme-court-ethics-roberts/
  226. The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/1996/07/28/style/weddings-jane-sullivan-john-roberts-jr.html
  227. Biskupic 2019, pp. 116.
  228. Toobin 2007, p. 273.
  229. Biskupic 2019, pp. 114–115.
  230. National Law Journal
    https://www.law.com/nationallawjournal/2019/03/05/jane-sullivan-roberts-wife-of-chief-justice-opens-dc-outpost-for-recruiter-mlegal/?slreturn=20190609181555
  231. The Guardian
    https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2015/dec/04/chevy-chase-maryland-super-rich-town-diversity
  232. The Washington Post
    https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/07/24/AR2005072401201.html
  233. "Chief justice tumbles after seizure"
    http://www.cnn.com/2007/US/law/07/30/roberts.fall/index.html
  234. The Washington Post
    https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/07/30/AR2007073001119.html
  235. Maine Today
    https://web.archive.org/web/20090201172207/http://news.mainetoday.com/updates/014236.html
  236. "President Bush Phones Chief Justice John Roberts at Hospital"
    https://www.foxnews.com/story/president-bush-phones-chief-justice-john-roberts-at-hospital
  237. Dana Bash
    https://web.archive.org/web/20080515234407/http://www.cnn.com/2007/US/law/07/31/roberts.fall/index.html
  238. The Washington Post
    https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/courts_law/john-roberts-hospitalized-supreme-court/2020/07/07/6bc230ae-c0a0-11ea-b4f6-cb39cd8940fb_story.html
Image
Source: —
Tip: Wheel or +/− to zoom, drag to pan, Esc to close.