John Frankenheimer

References

1. Encyclopædia Britannica
   https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Frankenheimer
2. Yoram Allon, Yoram; Cullen, Hannah Patterson. Contemporary North American Film Directors, Wallflower Press (2000), pp. 1
3. emmys.com
   http://www.emmys.com/awards/hall-of-fame-honorees
4. abc.net.au
   http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200207/s600486.htm
5. Pratley, 1968, p. 16
6. abc.net.au
   http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200207/s600486.htm
7. Current biography yearbook
8. Los Angeles Times
   https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-jul-07-me-frankenheimer7-story.html
9. "Issues raised by the career of US filmmaker John Frankenheimer"
   http://www.wsws.org/articles/2002/jul2002/fran-j19.shtml
10. Bowie, 2006: "Frankenheimer felt overshadowed by a strong father..."Pratley, 1968, p. 17: Frankenheimer: "...I have a br
11. Baxter, 2002: "...he had a fitness and determination that allowed him to contemplate a tennis career...he abandoned both
12. Pratley, 1968, p. 18. And p. 17: See brief comment on a father-son contretemps over Frankenheimer's pursuit of an acting
13. Pratley, 1968, p. 18: Frankenheimer's coursework at American University included speech and TV producing, which the USAF
14. Pratley, 1968, p. 18: Frankenheimer's remarks in quotations. And p. 21: Years in the Air Force, 1951–1953.Barson, 2021:
15. Pratley, 1968, p. 18: Frankenheimer states repeatedly that "nobody cared [or could care less]" what he did. He took the
16. Pratley, 1968, p. 19–20: FCC objection was the excessive commercial content, not sanitary issues related to cows.
17. Baxter, 2002: "joined the US air force in the early 1950s. Put in charge of a film unit, he immersed himself in amateur
18. Pratley, 1968, p. 21
19. Pratley, 1968, p. 21–24: see here of Frankenheimer's efforts to secure directorial position.Walsh, 2002: "In 1953 he obt
20. Pratley, 1968, p. 24
21. Walsh, 2002: Anna Everett essay, "Golden Age" quoted here. See article http://www.americancentury.or ing/ag_tenthman.pdf
    http://www.americancentury.or
22. Pratley, 1968, pp. 25–26, p. 28.
23. Pratley, 1968, pp. 29–30
24. Baxter, 2002: "It initiated a brilliant period of more than 100 productions, notably Playhouse 90 dramas..."Walsh, 2002:
25. "John Frankenheimer: A Master Craftsman"
    http://www.rogerebert.com/interviews/john-frankenheimer-a-master-craftsman
26. Bowie, 2006
27. Walsh, 2002, WSWS
28. Baxter, 2002: "The experience was unhappy - Frankenheimer had grown used to controlling his technicians..."
29. Pratley, 1969 p. 41-42: Pratley quoting Frankenheimer
30. Pratley, 1969 p. 43: Re: "village blacksmith", Pratley quoting Frankenheimer. And p. 47-48: Prately notes his return to
31. Gow, 1971 pp. 113-114. See also section 5: "Individuals or Misfits" pp 104--116
32. Pratley, 1969 p. 44, p. 47: the director "disliked" the new title, Gow refers to its "cheaply made second feature" impre
33. Stafford, 2005 TCM
34. Stafford, 2005 TCM: "Bell uncovers the true murderer while making an important decision involving his own career."Barson
35. Pratley, 1969 p. 45
36. Pratley, 1969 p. 48-49
37. Stafford, 2005 TCMPratley, 1969 p. 48
38. Pratley, 1969 p. 47-48Stafford, 2005 TCM: The film script "appealed to the liberal Democrat in Frankenheimer and Lancast
39. Pratley, 1969, p. 55
40. Pratley, 1969, p. 80: Frankenheimer explains the chronology here.Stafford, 2003, TCM: "John Houseman and Frankenheimer e
41. Baxter, 2002: "Birdman of Alcatraz was delayed when the first section had to be shortened and reshot, and, in the interi
42. Higham, 1973, p. 294–295: "...a beautifully made film about adolescence…the boy reaches manhood by way of anguish…concer
43. Baxter, 2002: "Frankenheimer made the hothouse All Fall Down, with Warren Beatty as an archetypal, Frankenheimer anti-he
44. Walsh, 2002, WSWS: "All Fall Down is a fairly silly work...Warren Beatty plays the impossibly named Berry-Berry Willart,
45. Walsh, 2002. WSWS
46. Pratley, 1969 p. 227
47. Baxter, 2002: Frankenheimer's “documentary style, produced an intense story of injustice and endurance.”Pratley, 1969, p
48. Walsh, 2002, WSWS: “...Stroud's transformation from a sullen misanthrope into a humane and thoughtful individual.”Staffo
49. The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/1999/09/16/movies/charles-crichton-film-director-dies-at-89.html
50. Stafford, 2003, TCM: Remarks on Crichton dismissal.
51. Pratley, 1969, p. 64–65, p. 66: "hired director"
52. Strafford, 2003, TCM: The rough cut "ran four and a half hours [requiring a] re-write of the script. ‘That's what we did
53. Prately, 1969, p. 64: Frankenheimer recalls that the Bureau threatened to withhold any future cooperation with CBS if th
54. Stafford, 2003, TCM: Stafford or Frankenheimer may be confusing USBP interference regarding film vs. TV
55. Nixon, 2006 TCM: “...Frankenheimer became a major cinematic force with The Manchurian Candidate…its power and influence
56. Pratley, 1969, p. 82 and p. 224: Frankenheimer: “...the film that people say is my best, The Manchurian Candidate...”Bow
57. Pratley, 1969 p. 97: See Frankenheimer autobiographical remarks in Pratley.
58. Barson, 2021 Britannica: “A chilling adaption of the Richard Condon novel, it starred Frank Sinatra and Laurence Harvey
59. Baxter, 2002: “greatest screen role…”Nixon, 2006 TCM: “Angela Lansbury's Oscar-nominated performance is usually what is
60. Nixon, 2006 TCM: “...a creative atmosphere that allowed Frank Sinatra to give what many feel is his best performance.”Pr
61. Prately, 1969 p. 97: Frankenheimer: “The Manchurian Candidate is the first film I really instigated and had complete con
62. Walsh, 2002, WSWS: Sarris quoted by Walsh.
63. Bowie, 2006: “...documentary-styled mise en scène...”Walsh, 2002, WSWS: “...paranoia and delirium...”Baxter, 2002: The M
64. Pratley, 1969 p. 85-87: Frankenheimer's “continual visual inventiveness”
65. Pratley, 1969 p. 85-87: “...the script contains no directions for the filming of the masterly ‘brainwashing’, an extreme
66. Bowie, 2006:
67. Pratley, 1969 p. 98:
68. Bowie, 2002
69. Prately, 1969 p. 100-101
70. Nixon, 2006, TCM: “The nation's shameful anti-Communist era was essentially over, but its effects lingered, and the idea
71. Walsh, 2004 WSWS: “Frankenheimer's The Manchurian Candidate appeared in cinemas in the US at an extraordinary moment, Oc
72. Pratley, 1969, p. 82Walsh, 2002, WSWS: “one assumes Frankenheimer and Axelrod are making the ultimate liberal statement
73. Walsh, 2004 WSWS
74. Pratley, 1969 p. 84: “The Manchurian Candidate provoked its share of rage and anguish...but the film was too great an ac
75. Bowie, 2006: "It occupies a place in the popular memory as an eerie prediction of the Kennedy assassination a year later
76. Pratley, 1969, p. 98
77. Pratley, p. 108: Frankenheimer, quoted in Pratley
78. Pratley, 1969, p. 109: Frankenheimer comments on this topic.
79. Pratley, 1969 p. 103, p. 110-111Safford, 2007 TCM: The literary property was " purchased for the screen through the joi
80. Safford, 2007, TCM: “political conspiracy thriller...based on the popular novel by Fletcher Knebel and Charles W. Bailey
81. Pratley, 1969, p. 104Laurier and Walsh, 2020, WSWS: “To a certain and important extent, the encounter between Lyman and
82. Higham, 1973, p. 295: In The Manchurian Candidate “the inspiration for the revolt lay in Russia; in Seven Days in May, t
83. Pratley, 1969 p. 113
84. Laurier and Walsh, 2020 WSWS: “Scott is generally taken to be a fictional version or composite of...Curtis LeMay, appoin
85. Pratley, 1969 p. 108: “...it plausibly and intelligently projects a warning that this could happen in the near future, a
86. Pratley, 1969 p. 107-108
87. Laurier and Walsh, 2020 WSWS
88. Pratley, 1969 p. 107: “There are splendid performances from the entire cast...”
89. Higham, 1973 p. 295:Laurier and Walsh, 2020 WSWS: “Douglas, Lancaster and March clearly threw themselves into the produc
90. Pratley, 1969 p. 18, p. 114: Frankenheimer: "...it gave me a sense of satisfaction to make a picture about a place I wor
91. Pratley, 1969 p. 114: Frankenheimer: "...I'm sure the Pentagon weren't happy when they heard we were going to make it…"L
92. Laurier and Walsh, 2020, WSWS: "A March 20, 1964 memo details communications between retired Admiral Arleigh Burke and A
93. Laurier and Walsh, 2020, WSWS:
94. Pratley, 1969 p. 114: "President Kennedy indirectly...said he very much wanted the film made."
95. Laurier and Walsh, 2020, WSWS: "...theatrical release scheduled for December. That release was held up by the murder of
96. Laurier and Walsh, 2020, WSWS: The painful irony is that the real-life models for the fanatical right-wing elements in t
97. Safford, 2007 TCM: “When Seven Days in May opened theatrically, it fared well with critics and audiences alike…”Laurier
98. Pratley, 1969, p. 123–125, p. 139: Composite quote.
99. Baxter, 2002: The film is "dominated by Lancaster's athleticism and Paul Scofield's steely performance as his German adv
100. Penn, Arthur. Arthur Penn: Interviews, University Press of Mississippi, 2008, p. 47Pratley, 1969, p. 123: Frankenheimer:
101. Prately, 1969, p. 123-125: See here for Frankenheimer's remarks.Smith, 2010. TCM: “At the behest of star Burt Lancaster,
102. Pratley, 1969 p. 140
103. Palen, 2010Wood, 2004 TCM: “Frankenheimer in turn discarded Penn's footage, brought in his own writers to overhaul the s
104. Pratley, 1969 p. 125
105. Pratley, 1969 p. 122: “The director has been criticized, of course, for his ironic comments about the values of art and
106. Bowie, 2006: Abele, 2018: Abele quoting Guillermo del Toro "...the movie clearly states two points of view...Lancaster i
107. Palen, 2010: “John Frankenheimer's 1964 masterly moving painting The Train.. grounded in the grimy documentary-like deta
108. Pratley, 1969 p. 126
109. Pratley, 1969 p. 120-121 And p. 119
110. Palen, 2010:
111. Georgaris, 2021 TSPDT: Georgaris quoting from The Film Encyclopedia, 2012
112. IMDb
     https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0059825/awards?ref_=tt_awd
113. Balio 1987, p. 279.
114. Buford 2000, p. 240.
115. "Most Popular Film Star." The Times, December 31, 1965, p. 13 via The Times Digital Archive, September 16, 2013.
116. Wilshire, 2001Pratley, 1969 p. 135: “...a horrifying, shattering, screaming climax [as] he is taken away to become a cad
117. Barson, 2021
118. Pratley, 1969 p. 134
119. Pratley, 1969 p. 141–142, p. 148: Composite quote, ellipses added for clarity.
120. Wilshire, 2001
121. Smith, 2010 TCM: “Frankenheimer preferred Laurence Olivier, whom he considered a natural for the dual role of Arthur Ham
122. Pratley, 1969 p. 135
123. Pratley, 1969, p. 143–144: Frankenheimer: "I don't think the [disparity in stature] was too noticeable." And: "...the fi
124. Wilshire, 2001: Wilshire quoting Vincent LoBrotto "the screenplay...had a surreal quality, which suggested an extreme vi
125. Pratley, 1969 p. 144: “9.5mm lens...” And p. 146: Arriflex methods. And p. 145 “...psychedelic...”Wilshire, 2001: “Most
126. Pratley, 1969 p. 145: Frankenheimer: “I had splendid co-operation from Jame Wong Howe, who's a marvelous cameraman.” And
127. Pratley, 1969 p. 133-134: “The French and European critics at Cannes gave Seconds such a hostile reception and denounced
128. Barson, 2021: “Although a critical and commercial disappointment, Seconds later developed a cult following. “Smith, 2010
129. Wilshire, 2001: “Seconds failed miserably at the box-office in 1966.”
130. Pratley, 1969 p. 134: Pratley declares that Seconds will one day be “described as a masterpiece.”
131. Baxter, 2001
132. Higham, 1973 p. 295
133. Baxter, 1970 p. 175: Hamilton-Wilson “rejects [the] oiled efficiency [of his surgery] and goes, albeit unwillingly, to d
134. Thurber and King, 2002: “...in 1964, Frankenheimer seemed firmly entrenched as a top director in Hollywood. A year later
135. Axmaker, 2010 TCM: “Grand Prix (1966), a sprawling drama of race car drivers shot on locations across Europe with a glam
136. Pratley, 1969, p. 151; “...it communicates the director's enthusiasm for the subject…” And: Frankenheimer: “[I've] drive
137. Pratley, 1969, p. 150 and pp. 151–153: "...his first original screenplay since The Young Stranger…" And: "...his most ex
138. Goodman, 2003, TCM: "As could be expected, a tight race ensues with plenty of thrills, chills, and spills, before a fina
139. Pratley, 1969, p. 151–152 and p. 154–155: Frankenheimer: “I want to show what racing was really like and every incident
140. Goodman, 2003, TCM: “To achieve the level of realism that Frankenheimer wanted, there were no "process shots" used in th
141. Pratley, 1969, p. 159: Frankenheimer: “There was not a single process shot in the entire film.”
142. Pratley, 1969, p. 156-158: See Frankenheimer narrative re: Francis Thompson's To Be Alive! (1964), and World Series tele
143. Goodman, 2003, TCM: “For the spectacular crashes, special effects man Milton Rice created a hydrogen cannon, which funct
144. Pratley, 1969, p. 161
145. Pratley, 1969, p. 156
146. Walsh, 2002. WSWS: “Grand Prix, a story of race-car drivers, is largely a technical exercise, whose dramatic narrative s
147. Georgaris, 2021 TSPDT: “...Frankenheimer seemed to be losing his edge by brandishing style for its own sake.” - The Film
148. Walsh, 2002. WSWS: “Sarris suggested that the director's style had ‘degenerated into an all-embracing academicism, a ver
149. Goodman, 2003, TCM: “..earning three Oscars for Best Sound Effects (by Gordon Daniel), Best Editing, and Best Sound.”Bax
150. Axmaker, 2010, TCM: “...Though he'd shown darkly satire edges in The Manchurian Candidate (1962) and Seconds (1966), he
151. Axmaker, 2010 TCM: “It's a wartime comedy of a misfit unit and a Captain of questionable pedigree, a military farce, a s
152. Pratley, 1969, p. 163–164: See Synopsis for detailed sketch.Axmaker, 2010 TCM: “..the fourth feature for rising star Fay
153. Pratley, 1969, p. 165–166: “...spoofing war…While [the characters] are not exactly endearing, they are treated and shown
154. John Frankenheimer: a conversation
     https://archive.org/details/johnfrankenheime00fran
155. Pratley, 1969, p. 172
156. AFI: “The story is broken into segments, each titled to match five of U.K. Prime Minister Winston Churchill's six instal
157. Pratley, 1969, p. 169 “thematic relationship” And p. 171-173: Frankenheimer: Co-screenwriter Hal Dresner “is very much a
158. Axmaker, 2010 TCM
159. Barson, 2021: “The Extraordinary Seaman was released in 1969, after having sat on the shelf for two years. It was Franke
160. AFI: “...the picture contains at least ten minutes of newsreel footage...the release date had been delayed while filmmak
161. AFI: “Despite the high profile of director John Frankenheimer and the popularity of Faye Dunaway following her star turn
162. Pratley, 1969, p. 186: see Frankenheimer's comments here. Malamud forwarded the manuscript to Frankenheimer for his cons
163. Pratley, 1969, pp. 177–179: see Synopsis.
164. Oscars.org | Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences
     https://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1969/F?qt-honorees=1#block-quicktabs-honorees
165. Ebert, 1968: "...played with great sensitivity by Alan Bates…"Adler, 1968 NYT: "The acting, from Alan Bates...through Di
166. Toole, 2003, TCM: Bates plays "a Russian Jew falsely accused of murder [and] remarkably, his only Oscar nomination".
167. Adler, 1968, NYT
168. Pratley, 1969, p. 230: Frankenheimer's comments, composite quote, minor edits for brevity, clarity.
169. Pratley, 1969, p. 187–188: Composite quote from these pages, edited for brevity and clarity, meaning is unchanged.
170. Pratley, 1969, p. 183: "...feel better about…" And p. 233: Frankenheimer: "I happen to love The Fixer. I don't know how
171. Ebert, 1968
172. Adler, 1968 NYT
173. Adler, 1968
174. Higham, 1973, p. 297
175. The New York Times
     https://www.nytimes.com/1977/04/10/archives/frankenheimer-rides-a-blimp-to-a-big-fat-comeback-frankenheimer.html?_r=0
176. John Frankenheimer: Interviews, Essays, and Profiles
177. Broeske, Pat H. (November 25, 1985). "The Curious Evolution of John Rambo: How He Hacked His Way Through the Jungles of
178. catalog.afi.com
     https://catalog.afi.com/Film/56779-FIRST-BLOOD?sid=0506c692-2c7e-4866-aa90-000b66449e7e&sr=9.006926&cp=1&pos=0
179. NYDailyNews.com
     http://www.nydailynews.com/kilmer-knife-voted-popular-bunch-h-wood-big-shots-article-1.717644
180. Entertainment Weekly
     https://ew.com/article/1996/05/31/val-kilmer-makes-enemies-hollywood/
181. Simon, 2008: Frankenheimer: “My dad was Jewish and my mother was Irish-Catholic, which was never an issue because my fat
182. Simon, 2002
183. Walsh, 2002, WSWS: “Possessed of a liberal sensibility and shaped by the Cold War era, Frankenheimer was an artistic ecl
184. Simon, 2008
185. Simon, 2008: Frankenheimer quoting JFK, presumably based on Sinatra's report. See here for Sinatra's role as go-between.
186. IMDb: See here for info on wife Carolyn Miller, with whom Frankenhimer had two children.Pratley, 1969, p. 114: Frankenhe
187. Pratley, 1969, p. 220, pp. 221–222: Frankenheimer
188. Simon, 2008Pratley, 1969, p. 114
189. Walsh, 2002, WSWS: “President John Kennedy helped persuade a Hollywood studio to finance the film, according to one acco
190. Pratley, 1969, p. 114
191. Simon, 2008Pratley, 1969, p. 139–140: Frankenheimer: “When I returned from Europe, I had change a great deal...I saw my
192. Simon, 2008Pratley, 1969, p. 221: Frankenheimer: “The deaths of the Kennedys [John and Robert] were probably the most ho
193. Pratley, 1969, p. 217: “I was very active politically with Senator Kennedy…” And p. 221: “I think he represented everyth
194. Simon, 2008: See here for Frankenheimer quote
195. Simon, 2008: “I was there with [RFK] for 102 days” before his assassination in June 1968. Frankenheimer reportedly used
196. Simon, 2008Walsh, 2002, WSWS: “He identified strongly with the liberal wing of the Democratic Party and suffered with it
197. Simon, 2008: Frankenheimer: “there was this tremendous involvement with Robert Kennedy. We were very, very close friends
198. Walsh, 2002, WSWSBarson, 2021: "Personal problems—exacerbated by the assassination in 1968 of his close friend Robert F.
199. imdb
     https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0001239/bio/
200. Academy Film Archive
     http://www.oscars.org/film-archive/collections/john-frankenheimer-collection
201. Television Academy
     https://www.televisionacademy.com/awards/nominees-winners/1994/outstanding-directing-for-a-miniseries-movie-or-a-dramatic-special
202. Television Academy
     https://www.televisionacademy.com/awards/nominees-winners/1995/outstanding-made-for-television-movie
203. Television Academy
     https://www.televisionacademy.com/awards/nominees-winners/1995/outstanding-directing-for-a-miniseries-movie-or-a-dramatic-special
204. Television Academy
     https://www.televisionacademy.com/awards/nominees-winners/1996/outstanding-miniseries-or-movie
205. Television Academy
     https://www.televisionacademy.com/awards/nominees-winners/1996/outstanding-directing-for-a-miniseries-movie-or-a-dramatic-special
206. Television Academy
     https://www.televisionacademy.com/awards/nominees-winners/1998/outstanding-miniseries-or-movie
207. Television Academy
     https://www.televisionacademy.com/awards/nominees-winners/1998/outstanding-directing-for-a-miniseries-movie-or-a-dramatic-special
208. Television Academy
     https://www.televisionacademy.com/awards/nominees-winners/2002/outstanding-made-for-television-movie
209. Television Academy
     https://www.televisionacademy.com/awards/nominees-winners/2002/outstanding-directing-for-a-miniseries-movie-or-a-dramatic-special