January 2023 Speaker of the United States House of Representatives election
Updated: 11/4/2025, 9:34:08 PM Wikipedia source
At the opening of the 118th United States Congress, the members-elect of the House of Representatives elected in the 2022 midterms held an election for its speaker, marking the 128th speaker election since the office was created in 1789. It began on January 3, 2023, and concluded in the early morning hours of January 7 when Kevin McCarthy of California, leader of the House Republican Conference, won a majority of votes cast on the fifteenth ballot. After the longest speaker election since December 1859 – February 1860, McCarthy won the speakership by making concessions to Republican Party hardliners, who had refused to support him through several rounds of voting, finding him too weak and untrustworthy. Republicans won a narrow majority of House seats over the Democratic Party in the 2022 elections. McCarthy won the nomination within the Republican conference but faced public opposition from far-right House Republicans before the vote. The opposition consisted mainly of members of the Freedom Caucus. With 19 Republicans voting for candidates other than McCarthy on the first ballot, no candidate achieved a majority and the election proceeded to additional ballots for the first time since 1923. In the first round of voting, House Democratic Caucus leader Hakeem Jeffries of New York received 212 votes, McCarthy received 203 votes, and Andy Biggs of Arizona received 10 votes; other candidates who were not formally nominated received 9 votes. On the second through the fourteenth votes, McCarthy again failed to receive a majority of votes cast. Jeffries received the support of all Democrats present on each ballot. Most or all of the Republican opposition voted for Jim Jordan of Ohio on the second and third rounds and Byron Donalds of Florida on the fourth through eleventh rounds. Kevin Hern of Oklahoma and former president Donald Trump were also nominated and received votes in various rounds. On the fourth day of voting, January 6, many of the Republicans who opposed McCarthy began voting for him following negotiations between rounds. On the fifteenth and final ballot, the six remaining anti-McCarthy holdouts voted "present", which reduced the threshold of votes needed for a majority from 218 to 215, thus allowing McCarthy to be elected with 216 votes. Among the concessions made by McCarthy to the holdouts was agreeing that the House rules for the 118th United States Congress would allow a single member to independently bring a motion to vacate the speakership. This concession proved consequential. Less than ten months later, Matt Gaetz (one of the holdouts) brought such a motion; which prevailed, thereby ousting McCarthy from the speakership.
Infobox
Party
Republican
Candidate
Others
Final ballot
—
First ballot
19 (4.4%)
Leader's seat
California 20th
Tables
· Democratic nomination › Result
Hakeem Jeffries Y
Hakeem Jeffries Y
Candidate
Hakeem Jeffries Y
Votes
—
Percent
100%
| Candidate | Votes | Percent |
| Hakeem Jeffries Y | — | 100% |
· Republican nomination › Results
Kevin McCarthy Y
Kevin McCarthy Y
Candidate
Kevin McCarthy Y
Votes
188
Percent
85.8%
Andy Biggs
Andy Biggs
Candidate
Andy Biggs
Votes
31
Percent
14.2%
| Candidate | Votes | Percent |
| Kevin McCarthy Y | 188 | 85.8% |
| Andy Biggs | 31 | 14.2% |
January 2023 election for speaker (1st through 3rd ballots) · Election of the speaker › Ballots 1–3 (January 3)
Votes
Votes
Party
Votes
Party
%
Candidate
Votes
1st ballot
%
1st ballot
Votes
2nd ballot
%
Total votes
Total votes
Party
Total votes
Party
434
Candidate
100%
1st ballot
434
1st ballot
100%
2nd ballot
434
2nd ballot
100%
Vacant
Vacant
Party
Vacant
Party
1
Candidate
—
1st ballot
1
1st ballot
—
2nd ballot
1
2nd ballot
—
Votes needed to win
Votes needed to win
Party
Votes needed to win
Party
218
Candidate
>50%
1st ballot
218
1st ballot
>50%
2nd ballot
218
2nd ballot
>50%
| Party | Candidate | 1st ballot | 2nd ballot | 3rd ballot | ||||
| Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | |||
| Democratic | Hakeem Jeffries (NY 8) | 212 | 48.8% | 212 | 48.8% | 212 | 48.8% | |
| Republican | Kevin McCarthy (CA 20) | 203 | 46.8% | 203 | 46.8% | 202 | 46.5% | |
| Republican | Jim Jordan (OH 4) | 6 | 1.4% | 19 | 4.4% | 20 | 4.6% | |
| Republican | Andy Biggs (AZ 5) | 10 | 2.3% | — | — | |||
| Republican | Jim Banks (IN 3) | 1 | 0.2% | — | — | |||
| Republican | Byron Donalds (FL 19) | 1 | 0.2% | — | — | |||
| Republican | Lee Zeldin | 1 | 0.2% | — | — | |||
| Total votes | 434 | 100% | 434 | 100% | 434 | 100% | ||
| Vacant | 1 | — | 1 | — | 1 | — | ||
| Votes needed to win | 218 | >50% | 218 | >50% | 218 | >50% | ||
January 2023 election for speaker (4th through 6th ballots) · Election of the speaker › Ballots 4–6 (January 4)
Votes
Votes
Party
Votes
Party
%
Candidate
Votes
4th ballot
%
4th ballot
Votes
5th ballot
%
Total votes
Total votes
Party
Total votes
Party
433
Candidate
100%
4th ballot
433
4th ballot
100%
5th ballot
433
5th ballot
100%
Voted present
Voted present
Party
Voted present
Party
1
Candidate
—
4th ballot
1
4th ballot
—
5th ballot
1
5th ballot
—
Vacant
Vacant
Party
Vacant
Party
1
Candidate
—
4th ballot
1
4th ballot
—
5th ballot
1
5th ballot
—
Votes needed to win
Votes needed to win
Party
Votes needed to win
Party
217
Candidate
>50%
4th ballot
217
4th ballot
>50%
5th ballot
217
5th ballot
>50%
| Party | Candidate | 4th ballot | 5th ballot | 6th ballot | ||||
| Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | |||
| Democratic | Hakeem Jeffries (NY 8) | 212 | 49.0% | 212 | 49.0% | 212 | 49.0% | |
| Republican | Kevin McCarthy (CA 20) | 201 | 46.4% | 201 | 46.4% | 201 | 46.4% | |
| Republican | Byron Donalds (FL 19) | 20 | 4.6% | 20 | 4.6% | 20 | 4.6% | |
| Total votes | 433 | 100% | 433 | 100% | 433 | 100% | ||
| Voted present | 1 | — | 1 | — | 1 | — | ||
| Vacant | 1 | — | 1 | — | 1 | — | ||
| Votes needed to win | 217 | >50% | 217 | >50% | 217 | >50% | ||
January 2023 election for speaker (7th through 11th ballots) · Election of the speaker › Ballots 7–11 (January 5)
Votes
Votes
Party
Votes
Party
%
Candidate
Votes
7th ballot
%
7th ballot
Votes
8th ballot
%
8th ballot
Votes
9th ballot
%
9th ballot
Votes
10th ballot
%
Total votes
Total votes
Party
Total votes
Party
433
Candidate
100%
7th ballot
433
7th ballot
100%
8th ballot
432
8th ballot
100%
9th ballot
432
9th ballot
100%
10th ballot
432
10th ballot
100%
Voted present
Voted present
Party
Voted present
Party
1
Candidate
—
7th ballot
1
7th ballot
—
8th ballot
1
8th ballot
—
9th ballot
1
9th ballot
—
10th ballot
1
10th ballot
—
Absent
Absent
Party
Absent
Party
0
Candidate
—
7th ballot
0
7th ballot
—
8th ballot
1
8th ballot
—
9th ballot
1
9th ballot
—
10th ballot
1
10th ballot
—
Vacant
Vacant
Party
Vacant
Party
1
Candidate
—
7th ballot
1
7th ballot
—
8th ballot
1
8th ballot
—
9th ballot
1
9th ballot
—
10th ballot
1
10th ballot
—
Votes needed to win
Votes needed to win
Party
Votes needed to win
Party
217
Candidate
>50%
7th ballot
217
7th ballot
>50%
8th ballot
217
8th ballot
>50%
9th ballot
217
9th ballot
>50%
10th ballot
217
10th ballot
>50%
| Party | Candidate | 7th ballot | 8th ballot | 9th ballot | 10th ballot | 11th ballot | ||||||
| Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | |||
| Democratic | Hakeem Jeffries (NY 8) | 212 | 49.0% | 212 | 49.0% | 212 | 49.1% | 212 | 49.1% | 212 | 49.1% | |
| Republican | Kevin McCarthy (CA 20) | 201 | 46.4% | 201 | 46.4% | 200 | 46.3% | 200 | 46.3% | 200 | 46.3% | |
| Republican | Byron Donalds (FL 19) | 19 | 4.4% | 17 | 3.9% | 17 | 3.9% | 13 | 3.0% | 12 | 2.8% | |
| Republican | Kevin Hern (OK 1) | — | 2 | 0.5% | 3 | 0.7% | 7 | 1.6% | 7 | 1.6% | ||
| Republican | Donald Trump | 1 | 0.2% | 1 | 0.2% | — | — | 1 | 0.2% | |||
| Total votes | 433 | 100% | 433 | 100% | 432 | 100% | 432 | 100% | 432 | 100% | ||
| Voted present | 1 | — | 1 | — | 1 | — | 1 | — | 1 | — | ||
| Absent | 0 | — | 0 | — | 1 | — | 1 | — | 1 | — | ||
| Vacant | 1 | — | 1 | — | 1 | — | 1 | — | 1 | — | ||
| Votes needed to win | 217 | >50% | 217 | >50% | 217 | >50% | 217 | >50% | 217 | >50% | ||
January 2023 election for speaker (12th through 15th ballots) · Election of the speaker › Ballots 12–15 (January 6)
Votes
Votes
Party
Votes
Party
%
Candidate
Votes
12th ballot
%
12th ballot
Votes
13th ballot
%
13th ballot
Votes
14th ballot
%
Total votes
Total votes
Party
Total votes
Party
431
Candidate
100%
12th ballot
432
12th ballot
100%
13th ballot
432
13th ballot
100%
14th ballot
428
14th ballot
100%
Voted present
Voted present
Party
Voted present
Party
0
Candidate
—
12th ballot
0
12th ballot
—
13th ballot
2
13th ballot
—
14th ballot
6
14th ballot
—
Absent
Absent
Party
Absent
Party
3
Candidate
—
12th ballot
2
12th ballot
—
13th ballot
0
13th ballot
—
14th ballot
0
14th ballot
—
Vacant
Vacant
Party
Vacant
Party
1
Candidate
—
12th ballot
1
12th ballot
—
13th ballot
1
13th ballot
—
14th ballot
1
14th ballot
—
Votes needed to win
Votes needed to win
Party
Votes needed to win
Party
216
Candidate
>50%
12th ballot
217
12th ballot
>50%
13th ballot
217
13th ballot
>50%
14th ballot
215
14th ballot
>50%
| Party | Candidate | 12th ballot | 13th ballot | 14th ballot | 15th ballot | |||||
| Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | |||
| Republican | Kevin McCarthy (CA 20) | 213 | 49.4% | 214 | 49.5% | 216 | 50.0% | 216 | 50.5% | |
| Democratic | Hakeem Jeffries (NY 8) | 211 | 49.0% | 212 | 49.1% | 212 | 49.1% | 212 | 49.5% | |
| Republican | Jim Jordan (OH 4) | 4 | 0.9% | 6 | 1.4% | 2 | 0.45% | — | ||
| Republican | Kevin Hern (OK 1) | 3 | 0.7% | — | — | — | ||||
| Republican | Andy Biggs (AZ 5) | — | — | 2 | 0.45% | — | ||||
| Total votes | 431 | 100% | 432 | 100% | 432 | 100% | 428 | 100% | ||
| Voted present | 0 | — | 0 | — | 2 | — | 6 | — | ||
| Absent | 3 | — | 2 | — | 0 | — | 0 | — | ||
| Vacant | 1 | — | 1 | — | 1 | — | 1 | — | ||
| Votes needed to win | 216 | >50% | 217 | >50% | 217 | >50% | 215 | >50% | ||
· Election of the speaker › All ballots: votes not cast for party nominee
January 3
January 3
Member
January 3
Party
January 4
District
January 5
Ballot vote cast
January 6
1
1
Member
1
Party
2
District
3
Ballot vote cast
4
Ballot vote cast
5
Ballot vote cast
6
Ballot vote cast
7
Ballot vote cast
8
Ballot vote cast
9
Ballot vote cast
10
Ballot vote cast
11
Ballot vote cast
12
Ballot vote cast
13
Ballot vote cast
14
Ballot vote cast
15
Andy Biggs
Andy Biggs
Member
Andy Biggs
Party
Republican
District
AZ 5
Ballot vote cast
Biggs
Ballot vote cast
Jordan
Ballot vote cast
Donalds
Ballot vote cast
Hern
Ballot vote cast
Jordan
Ballot vote cast
present
Dan Bishop
Dan Bishop
Member
Dan Bishop
Party
Republican
District
NC 8
Ballot vote cast
Biggs
Ballot vote cast
Jordan
Ballot vote cast
Donalds
Ballot vote cast
McCarthy
Lauren Boebert
Lauren Boebert
Member
Lauren Boebert
Party
Republican
District
CO 3
Ballot vote cast
Jordan
Ballot vote cast
Donalds
Ballot vote cast
Hern
Ballot vote cast
Jordan
Ballot vote cast
present
Josh Brecheen
Josh Brecheen
Member
Josh Brecheen
Party
Republican
District
OK 2
Ballot vote cast
Banks
Ballot vote cast
Jordan
Ballot vote cast
Donalds
Ballot vote cast
Hern
Ballot vote cast
McCarthy
Ken Buck
Ken Buck
Member
Ken Buck
Party
Republican
District
CO 4
Ballot vote cast
McCarthy
Ballot vote cast
absent
Ballot vote cast
McCarthy
Michael Cloud
Michael Cloud
Member
Michael Cloud
Party
Republican
District
TX 27
Ballot vote cast
Jordan
Ballot vote cast
Donalds
Ballot vote cast
McCarthy
Andrew Clyde
Andrew Clyde
Member
Andrew Clyde
Party
Republican
District
GA 9
Ballot vote cast
Biggs
Ballot vote cast
Jordan
Ballot vote cast
Donalds
Ballot vote cast
McCarthy
Eli Crane
Eli Crane
Member
Eli Crane
Party
Republican
District
AZ 2
Ballot vote cast
Biggs
Ballot vote cast
Jordan
Ballot vote cast
Donalds
Ballot vote cast
Hern
Ballot vote cast
Jordan
Ballot vote cast
Biggs
Ballot vote cast
present
Byron Donalds
Byron Donalds
Member
Byron Donalds
Party
Republican
District
FL 19
Ballot vote cast
McCarthy
Ballot vote cast
Jordan
Ballot vote cast
Donalds
Ballot vote cast
McCarthy
Matt Gaetz
Matt Gaetz
Member
Matt Gaetz
Party
Republican
District
FL 1
Ballot vote cast
Biggs
Ballot vote cast
Jordan
Ballot vote cast
Donalds
Ballot vote cast
Trump
Ballot vote cast
Hern
Ballot vote cast
Trump
Ballot vote cast
Jordan
Ballot vote cast
present
Bob Good
Bob Good
Member
Bob Good
Party
Republican
District
VA 5
Ballot vote cast
Biggs
Ballot vote cast
Jordan
Ballot vote cast
Donalds
Ballot vote cast
Hern
Ballot vote cast
Jordan
Ballot vote cast
present
Paul Gosar
Paul Gosar
Member
Paul Gosar
Party
Republican
District
AZ 9
Ballot vote cast
Biggs
Ballot vote cast
Jordan
Ballot vote cast
Donalds
Ballot vote cast
McCarthy
Andy Harris
Andy Harris
Member
Andy Harris
Party
Republican
District
MD 1
Ballot vote cast
Zeldin
Ballot vote cast
Jordan
Ballot vote cast
Donalds
Ballot vote cast
Hern
Ballot vote cast
Jordan
Ballot vote cast
McCarthy
Wesley Hunt
Wesley Hunt
Member
Wesley Hunt
Party
Republican
District
TX 38
Ballot vote cast
McCarthy
Ballot vote cast
absent
Ballot vote cast
McCarthy
Anna Paulina Luna
Anna Paulina Luna
Member
Anna Paulina Luna
Party
Republican
District
FL 13
Ballot vote cast
Jordan
Ballot vote cast
Donalds
Ballot vote cast
McCarthy
Mary Miller
Mary Miller
Member
Mary Miller
Party
Republican
District
IL 15
Ballot vote cast
Jordan
Ballot vote cast
Donalds
Ballot vote cast
McCarthy
Ralph Norman
Ralph Norman
Member
Ralph Norman
Party
Republican
District
SC 5
Ballot vote cast
Biggs
Ballot vote cast
Jordan
Ballot vote cast
Donalds
Ballot vote cast
McCarthy
Andy Ogles
Andy Ogles
Member
Andy Ogles
Party
Republican
District
TN 5
Ballot vote cast
Jordan
Ballot vote cast
Donalds
Ballot vote cast
McCarthy
Scott Perry
Scott Perry
Member
Scott Perry
Party
Republican
District
PA 10
Ballot vote cast
Biggs
Ballot vote cast
Jordan
Ballot vote cast
Donalds
Ballot vote cast
McCarthy
Matt Rosendale
Matt Rosendale
Member
Matt Rosendale
Party
Republican
District
MT 2
Ballot vote cast
Biggs
Ballot vote cast
Jordan
Ballot vote cast
Donalds
Ballot vote cast
Hern
Ballot vote cast
Jordan
Ballot vote cast
Biggs
Ballot vote cast
present
Chip Roy
Chip Roy
Member
Chip Roy
Party
Republican
District
TX 21
Ballot vote cast
Donalds
Ballot vote cast
Jordan
Ballot vote cast
Donalds
Ballot vote cast
McCarthy
Keith Self
Keith Self
Member
Keith Self
Party
Republican
District
TX 3
Ballot vote cast
Jordan
Ballot vote cast
Donalds
Ballot vote cast
McCarthy
Victoria Spartz
Victoria Spartz
Member
Victoria Spartz
Party
Republican
District
IN 5
Ballot vote cast
McCarthy
Ballot vote cast
present
Ballot vote cast
McCarthy
David Trone
David Trone
Member
David Trone
Party
Democratic
District
MD 6
Ballot vote cast
Jeffries
Ballot vote cast
absent
Ballot vote cast
Jeffries
| Member | Party | District | Ballot vote cast | ||||||||||||||
| January 3 | January 4 | January 5 | January 6 | ||||||||||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | |||
| Andy Biggs | Republican | AZ 5 | Biggs | Jordan | Donalds | Hern | Jordan | present | |||||||||
| Dan Bishop | Republican | NC 8 | Biggs | Jordan | Donalds | McCarthy | |||||||||||
| Lauren Boebert | Republican | CO 3 | Jordan | Donalds | Hern | Jordan | present | ||||||||||
| Josh Brecheen | Republican | OK 2 | Banks | Jordan | Donalds | Hern | McCarthy | ||||||||||
| Ken Buck | Republican | CO 4 | McCarthy | absent | McCarthy | ||||||||||||
| Michael Cloud | Republican | TX 27 | Jordan | Donalds | McCarthy | ||||||||||||
| Andrew Clyde | Republican | GA 9 | Biggs | Jordan | Donalds | McCarthy | |||||||||||
| Eli Crane | Republican | AZ 2 | Biggs | Jordan | Donalds | Hern | Jordan | Biggs | present | ||||||||
| Byron Donalds | Republican | FL 19 | McCarthy | Jordan | Donalds | McCarthy | |||||||||||
| Matt Gaetz | Republican | FL 1 | Biggs | Jordan | Donalds | Trump | Hern | Trump | Jordan | present | |||||||
| Bob Good | Republican | VA 5 | Biggs | Jordan | Donalds | Hern | Jordan | present | |||||||||
| Paul Gosar | Republican | AZ 9 | Biggs | Jordan | Donalds | McCarthy | |||||||||||
| Andy Harris | Republican | MD 1 | Zeldin | Jordan | Donalds | Hern | Jordan | McCarthy | |||||||||
| Wesley Hunt | Republican | TX 38 | McCarthy | absent | McCarthy | ||||||||||||
| Anna Paulina Luna | Republican | FL 13 | Jordan | Donalds | McCarthy | ||||||||||||
| Mary Miller | Republican | IL 15 | Jordan | Donalds | McCarthy | ||||||||||||
| Ralph Norman | Republican | SC 5 | Biggs | Jordan | Donalds | McCarthy | |||||||||||
| Andy Ogles | Republican | TN 5 | Jordan | Donalds | McCarthy | ||||||||||||
| Scott Perry | Republican | PA 10 | Biggs | Jordan | Donalds | McCarthy | |||||||||||
| Matt Rosendale | Republican | MT 2 | Biggs | Jordan | Donalds | Hern | Jordan | Biggs | present | ||||||||
| Chip Roy | Republican | TX 21 | Donalds | Jordan | Donalds | McCarthy | |||||||||||
| Keith Self | Republican | TX 3 | Jordan | Donalds | McCarthy | ||||||||||||
| Victoria Spartz | Republican | IN 5 | McCarthy | present | McCarthy | ||||||||||||
| David Trone | Democratic | MD 6 | Jeffries | absent | Jeffries | ||||||||||||
Speaker ballot · Election of the speaker › All ballots: summary of votes
Ballot
Ballot
Date
Ballot
January 3
1st
January 3
2nd
January 3
3rd
January 4
4th
January 4
5th
January 4
6th
January 5
7th
January 5
8th
January 5
9th
January 5
10th
January 5
11th
January 6
12th
January 6
13th
January 6
14th
January 6
15th
Lee Zeldin
Lee Zeldin
Date
Lee Zeldin
January 3
1
Jim Banks
Jim Banks
Date
Jim Banks
January 3
1
Donald Trump
Donald Trump
Date
Donald Trump
January 3
1
January 4
1
Kevin Hern
Kevin Hern
Date
Kevin Hern
January 3
2
January 3
3
January 4
7
January 4
3
Byron Donalds
Byron Donalds
Date
Byron Donalds
January 3
1
January 3
20
January 4
19
January 4
17
January 4
13
January 5
12
Jim Jordan
Jim Jordan
Date
Jim Jordan
January 3
6
January 3
19
January 3
20
January 4
4
January 4
6
January 5
2
Andy Biggs
Andy Biggs
Date
Andy Biggs
January 3
10
January 3
2
Hakeem Jeffries
Hakeem Jeffries
Date
Hakeem Jeffries
January 3
212
January 3
211
January 3
212
Kevin McCarthy
Kevin McCarthy
Date
Kevin McCarthy
January 3
203
January 3
202
January 3
201
January 4
200
January 4
213
January 4
214
January 5
216
January 5
216
Votes needed
Votes needed
Date
Votes needed
January 3
218
January 3
217
January 3
216
January 4
217
January 4
215
Total votes
Total votes
Date
Total votes
January 3
434
January 3
433
January 3
432
January 4
431
January 4
432
January 4
428
Present
Present
Date
Present
January 3
1
January 4
2
January 4
6
Not voting
Not voting
Date
Not voting
January 3
1
January 3
3
January 4
2
| Date | January 3 | January 4 | January 5 | January 6 | |||||||||||
| Ballot | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 4th | 5th | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9th | 10th | 11th | 12th | 13th | 14th | 15th |
| Lee Zeldin | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Jim Banks | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Donald Trump | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Kevin Hern | 2 | 3 | 7 | 3 | |||||||||||
| Byron Donalds | 1 | 20 | 19 | 17 | 13 | 12 | |||||||||
| Jim Jordan | 6 | 19 | 20 | 4 | 6 | 2 | |||||||||
| Andy Biggs | 10 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Hakeem Jeffries | 212 | 211 | 212 | ||||||||||||
| Kevin McCarthy | 203 | 202 | 201 | 200 | 213 | 214 | 216 | 216 | |||||||
| Votes needed | 218 | 217 | 216 | 217 | 215 | ||||||||||
| Total votes | 434 | 433 | 432 | 431 | 432 | 428 | |||||||||
| Present | 1 | 2 | 6 | ||||||||||||
| Not voting | 1 | 3 | 2 | ||||||||||||
References
- The Twentieth Amendment states that all members' terms begin at noon on January 3. Until officially sworn-in, members ar
- Zeldin, whose term as a House member had ended with the close of the 117th and previous Congress, was no longer an incum
- The January 6 legislative day extended slightly into the calendar day of January 7.
- Buck missed votes due to a previously scheduled medical procedure.
- Hunt missed votes to return home after his wife was readmitted to the hospital following the premature birth of their ch
- Trone missed a vote due to a previously scheduled medical procedure.
- The New Republichttps://newrepublic.com/article/169779/kevin-mccarthy-congress-republicans-chaos
- CBS Newshttps://www.cbsnews.com/news/kevin-mccarthy-house-speaker-multiple-ballots-history/
- Reutershttps://www.reuters.com/world/us/us-house-speaker-fight-enters-fourth-day-amid-antebellum-era-dysfunction-2023-01-06/
- CNNhttps://www.cnn.com/2023/01/04/politics/mccarthy-gop-speaker-hardliners-what-matters/index.html
- The Washington Posthttps://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2023/01/05/mccarthy-republicans-concessions-speaker/
- BBC Newshttps://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-64182423
- BBC Newshttps://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-64194129
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- The Washington Posthttps://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2023/01/03/house-speaker-candidates/
- CNNhttps://www.cnn.com/2023/01/04/politics/kevin-mccarthy-speaker-vote/index.html
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- The Washington Posthttps://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2023/01/05/house-speaker-vote-live-updates-kevin-mccarthy/
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- The New York Timeshttps://www.nytimes.com/live/2023/01/05/us/house-speaker-vote/6ee2ce2d-ccc6-55b2-a08e-a4d8a9cdc7bf
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- The New York Timeshttps://archive.today/20230106185351/https://www.nytimes.com/live/2023/01/06/us/house-speaker-vote-mccarthy
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- The Washington Posthttps://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2023/01/06/house-speaker-vote-live-coverage-kevin-mccarthy/#link-TPJEJRQEIFAMLNPM2MKQBK4ES4
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- The New York Timeshttps://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/07/us/politics/house-floor-confrontation-gaetz-rogers.html
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- The Hollywood Reporterhttps://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/politics-news/c-span-house-speaker-1235291751/
- The Washington Posthttps://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/2023/01/03/george-santos-first-day-in-congress/
- Politicohttps://www.politico.com/news/2023/01/08/c-span-cameras-congress-speaker-00076926
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