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James Watson

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James Watson

James Dewey Watson (April 6, 1928 – November 6, 2025) was an American molecular biologist, geneticist, and zoologist. In 1953, he and Francis Crick co-authored an academic paper in Nature proposing the double helix structure of the DNA molecule, building on research by Rosalind Franklin and Raymond Gosling. In 1962, Watson, Crick, and Maurice Wilkins were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material". Watson graduated from the University of Chicago in 1947 and received his doctorate from Indiana University Bloomington in 1950. After a post-doctoral year at the University of Copenhagen with Herman Kalckar and Ole Maaløe, Watson worked at the University of Cambridge's Cavendish Laboratory in England, where he met his future collaborator Francis Crick. From 1956 to 1976, Watson was employed by the faculty of the Harvard University Biology Department, promoting research in molecular biology. From 1968, Watson served as the director of the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (CSHL) in Laurel Hollow, New York, greatly expanding its level of funding and research. At CSHL, he shifted his research emphasis to the study of cancer, along with making it a world-leading research center in molecular biology. In 1994, Watson started as president and served for 10 years. He was then appointed chancellor, serving until his resignation in 2007 after making comments claiming that there is a genetic link between race and intelligence. In 2019, after the broadcast of a documentary where Watson reiterated these views on race and genetics, CSHL revoked his honorary titles and severed all ties with him. Watson wrote many science books, including the textbook Molecular Biology of the Gene (1965) and his bestselling book The Double Helix (1968). He made derogatory comments about Rosalind Franklin, who had been responsible for gathering data that led to the discovery of the structure of DNA, and was criticized for misogyny. Between 1988 and 1992, Watson was associated with the National Institutes of Health, helping to establish the Human Genome Project, which completed the task of mapping the human genome in 2003.

Infobox

Born
James Dewey Watson(1928-04-06)April 6, 1928Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
Died
November 6, 2025(2025-11-06) (aged 97)East Northport, New York, U.S.
Education
mw- University of Chicago (BS)Indiana University Bloomington (PhD)
Known for
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Spouse
mw- Elizabeth Lewis (m. 1968)
Children
2
Awards
Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research (1960)Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (1962)John J. Carty Award (1971)Copley Medal (1993)Lomonosov Gold Medal (1994)
Fields
Genetics
Institutions
mw- See list Indiana University Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Laboratory of Molecular Biology Harvard University California Institute of Technology University of Cambridge National Institutes of Health
Thesis
The Biological Properties of X‑Ray Inactivated Bacteriophage (1951)
Doctoral advisor
Salvador Luria
Doctoral students
Mario CapecchiBob HorvitzPeter B. MooreDavid SchlessingerJoan Steitz
Other notable students
See list Ewan Birney Ronald W. Davis (postdoc) Phillip Allen Sharp (postdoc) Richard J. Roberts (postdoc) John Tooze (postdoc) Chen Lan-bo (postdoc) Nancy Hopkins (scientist) (postdoc)

Tables

· External links
Preceded byPaul Berg
Preceded byPaul Berg
Awards and achievements
Preceded byPaul Berg
Awards and achievements
Recipient of the Eli Lilly Award in Biological Chemistry 1960
Awards and achievements
Succeeded byFrederick Crane
Preceded byGeorg von Békésy
Preceded byGeorg von Békésy
Awards and achievements
Preceded byGeorg von Békésy
Awards and achievements
Laureate of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1962 With: Francis Crick and Maurice Wilkins
Awards and achievements
Succeeded byJohn Eccles, Alan Lloyd Hodgkin, and Andrew Huxley
Preceded byGeorge Porter
Preceded byGeorge Porter
Awards and achievements
Preceded byGeorge Porter
Awards and achievements
Copley Medalist 1993
Awards and achievements
Succeeded byCharles Frank
Preceded byRuth Patrick
Preceded byRuth Patrick
Awards and achievements
Preceded byRuth Patrick
Awards and achievements
Laureate of the National Medal of Science in Biological Sciences 1997 With: Robert Weinberg
Awards and achievements
Succeeded byBruce Ames and Janet Rowley
Awards and achievements
Preceded byPaul Berg
Recipient of the Eli Lilly Award in Biological Chemistry 1960
Succeeded byFrederick Crane
Preceded byGeorg von Békésy
Laureate of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1962 With: Francis Crick and Maurice Wilkins
Succeeded byJohn Eccles, Alan Lloyd Hodgkin, and Andrew Huxley
Preceded byGeorge Porter
Copley Medalist 1993
Succeeded byCharles Frank
Preceded byRuth Patrick
Laureate of the National Medal of Science in Biological Sciences 1997 With: Robert Weinberg
Succeeded byBruce Ames and Janet Rowley

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    http://www.irishcentral.com/IrishAmerica/Irish-America-Hall-of-Fame-Dr-James-Watson-117755213.html
  152. "John J. Carty Award for the Advancement of Science"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20101229180532/http://www.nasonline.org/site/PageServer?pagename=AWARDS_carty
  153. "University of Chicago – Degrees / Certificates, 1961"
    https://archivesspace.cshl.edu/repositories/2/archival_objects/69060
  154. "James Dewey Watson"
    https://honorsandawards.iu.edu/awards/honoree/157.html
  155. "Notre Dame, Honorary Degrees"
    https://wellcomecollection.org/works/hdqygcxd
  156. "C.W. Post Center, Long Island University, Honorary Degree, 1970"
    https://archivesspace.cshl.edu/repositories/2/archival_objects/69065
  157. "Adelphi University, Honorary Degree, 1972"
    https://archivesspace.cshl.edu/repositories/2/archival_objects/69066
  158. "Brandeis University, Honorary Degree (10 June 1973), 1973"
    https://archivesspace.cshl.edu/repositories/2/archival_objects/65104
  159. "Albert Einstein College of Medicine Commencement Robe, 1974"
    https://archivesspace.cshl.edu/repositories/2/archival_objects/69180
  160. "Hofstra University, Honorary Degree (27 May 1976), 1976 - 1978"
    https://archivesspace.cshl.edu/repositories/2/archival_objects/65107
  161. "Harvard Commencement Ceremony"
    https://wellcomecollection.org/works/bmx83wpk
  162. "The Rockefeller University, Honorary Degree (11 June 1980), 1980"
    https://archivesspace.cshl.edu/repositories/2/archival_objects/65117
  163. "Rutgers University, Honorary Degree, 1988"
    https://archivesspace.cshl.edu/repositories/2/archival_objects/69076
  164. "JDW/2/2/132: Bard College (1991)"
    https://archivesspace.cshl.edu/repositories/2/digital_objects/8356
  165. "Stellenbosch University, South Africa - "The Human Genome Project" and "My Life as a Scientist" (3-17 February 1993)"
    https://wellcomecollection.org/works/tu3wcmvf
  166. "Fairfield University, Honorary Degree (23 May 1993)"
    https://wellcomecollection.org/works/ahaby9uh
  167. "University of Cambridge, Honorary Degree, 1993"
    https://archivesspace.cshl.edu/repositories/2/archival_objects/69089
  168. "Charles University, Prague"
    https://wellcomecollection.org/works/d62ezfr2
  169. www.tcd.ie
    https://www.tcd.ie/Secretary/Communications/Press_Releases/PRArchive/PR0001/prhondeg01.html
  170. CSHL Archives Repository
    https://libgallery.cshl.edu/items/show/30476
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