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J1407b

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J1407b

J1407b is an astronomical object proposed to explain a series of eclipse-like dimming events observed in the star V1400 Centauri during 2007. These dimming events were recorded by automated telescopes that year but were not identified until 2010, when Mark Pecaut and Eric Mamajek analyzed the data. J1407b was initially thought to be a planet with a massive ring system orbiting V1400 Centauri, but no new eclipses have ever been observed, nor do historical photographic plates show evidence for eclipses in the last century, so this explanation is unlikely. Astronomers have alternatively proposed that J1407b might have been a free-floating substellar object with a protoplanetary disk that coincidentally eclipsed V1400 Centauri, a hypothesis that is still the most likely to date. J1407b's disk spans a radius of about 90 million km (0.60 AU; 56 million mi) and consists of many rings and gaps which may indicate moons are forming in orbit around the object. Follow-up observations have attempted to detect J1407b via high-resolution imaging, but found no object. The non-detection of J1407b places constraints on the nature of its disk, ruling out one dominated by grains with sizes over one millimeter.

Infobox

Constellation
Centaurus
Right ascension
14h 07m 47.92976s
Declination
−39° 45′ 42.7671″

Tables

The V1400 Centauri planetary system[3]: 2846 [15]: 1 [24]: 6–7 · Bound companion hypothesis › Proposed orbit
b (disputed)
b (disputed)
Companion(in order from star)
b (disputed)
Mass
5–20 MJ
Semimajor axis(AU)
>5.0±0.1 AU(for >11 yr orbital period)
Orbital period(days)
14–17 yr(5110–6200 d)
Eccentricity
0.72–0.78
Inclination
89.995°
Radius
Companion(in order from star)
Mass
Semimajor axis(AU)
Orbital period(days)
Eccentricity
Inclination
Radius
b (disputed)
5–20 MJ
AU(for >11 yr orbital period)
14–17 yr(5110–6200 d)
0.72–0.78
89.995°

References

  1. According to van Werkhoven et al. (2014), J1407b's eclipse start and end times are Modified Julian Date (MJD) 54197 and
  2. The magnitude difference of two different flux (brightness) values is given by the equation Δm = –2.5log(F2/F1). In the
  3. The outer edge of Saturn's E Ring is approximately 480,000 km (300,000 mi) in radius from Saturn. For J1407b, the outer
  4. Multiplying J1407b's disk radius (r = 0.6 AU by the height-to-radius ratio h/r = 0.0015 gives h = 0.0009 AU for height.
  5. Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
    https://doi.org/10.1086%2F132034
  6. Gaia
    https://doi.org/10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F202243940
  7. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
    https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fmnras%2Fstu725
  8. Solar System Dynamics
    https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/tools/jdc/#/jd
  9. Astronomy & Astrophysics
    https://doi.org/10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F202140768
  10. The Astronomical Journal
    https://doi.org/10.1088%2F0004-6256%2F143%2F3%2F72
  11. "J1407b"
    https://kenworthy.space/projects/j1407b/
  12. Astronomy
    https://www.astronomy.com/science/scientists-discover-a-saturn-like-ring-system-eclipsing-a-sun-like-star/
  13. Space.com
    https://www.space.com/14219-strange-rings-saturn-steroids-deep-space-aas219.html
  14. Planetary Construction Zones in Occultation: Eclipses by Circumsecondary and Circumplanetary Disks and a Candidate Eclipse of a Pre-Main Sequence Star in Sco-Cen
    https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EPSC2020/EPSC2020-276.html
  15. SIMBAD
    http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-basic?Ident=V%2A+V1400+Cen
  16. Astronomy & Astrophysics
    https://doi.org/10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F201936141
  17. The Astrophysical Journal
    https://doi.org/10.1088%2F0004-637X%2F800%2F2%2F126
  18. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
    https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fmnras%2Fstz563
  19. Astronomy & Astrophysics
    https://doi.org/10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F201629567
  20. Research Notes of the AAS
    https://doi.org/10.3847%2F2515-5172%2Fae2680
  21. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
    https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/satringfact.html
  22. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
    https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/
  23. Space.com
    https://www.space.com/28435-super-saturn-alien-planet-rings.html
  24. BBC Sky at Night Magazine
    https://www.skyatnightmagazine.com/space-science/j1407b
  25. New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/14/science/exoplanet-rings-saturn-j1407b.html
  26. "Gigantic ring system around J1407b much larger, heavier than Saturn's"
    https://www.rochester.edu/newscenter/gigantic-ring-system-around-j1407b/
  27. "Gigantic ring system discovered around exoplanet J1407b"
    https://www.universiteitleiden.nl/en/news/2015/01/gigantic-ring-system-discovered-around-exoplanet-j1407b
  28. Astronomy & Astrophysics
    https://doi.org/10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F201834004
  29. Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences
    https://doi.org/10.3389%2Ffspas.2022.819933
  30. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
    https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fmnras%2Fstu2067
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