J. K. Rowling

References

1. Moray House was then part of Heriot-Watt University and later became part of the University of Edinburgh.
2. Sources differ on the precise name of Rowling's place of birth. As of July 2024[update], Rowling's personal website said
   https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=J._K._Rowling&action=edit
3. St Michael's Primary School headmaster, Alfred Dunn, has been suggested as the inspiration for the Harry Potter headmast
4. Rowling denies that her young playmate Ian Potter represents Harry.
5. Smith describes Tutshill as "staunchly middle class", and Parker describes Church Cottage as a "handsome Gothic Revival
6. Pugh writes that "Rowling reportedly modeled the strict pedagogical style of Severus Snape after [Sylvia] Morgan's metho
7. Smith compares the place meals held in the Rowling household and the descriptions of food in The Little White Horse to t
8. Rowling later described Harris as her "getaway driver and foul weather friend"; his Anglia inspired a flying version tha
9. Pugh writes, "In a droll allusion to this ill-fated union, Professor Trelawney warns Lavender Brown, 'Incidentally, that
10. Rowling says that Jessica was named after Mitford and a boy would have been named Harry; according to Smith (2002), Aran
11. The depression inspired the Dementors – soul-sucking creatures introduced in Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban.
12. The Scottish Arts Council grant was after Rowling had a contract for publication of Philosopher's Stone but before it wa
13. According to Errington, 500 hardbacks and 5,150 paperbacks "were published on the same date and neither has bibliographi
14. Smith writes that the Rowling sisters "never attended Sunday school or services", and Parker writes that the other Rowli
15. Attributed to multiple sources – Goblet of Fire, Order of the Phoenix, Half-Blood Prince, and Deathly Hallows
16. While noting the prevalent view that Harry Potter catalysed this change, the critic Rachel Falconer also credits socio-e
17. According to Pugh, she only announced Dumbledore's sexuality to her fans, but not in the books, thus "closeting this cha
18. The original Harry Potter prequel manuscript was stolen in 2017.
19. An appeals court ruled in 2021 that Forstater's gender-critical views were protected under the 2010 UK Equality Act afte
20. The laws and proposed changes are the UK Gender Recognition Act 2004 and the Scotland Gender Recognition Reform Bill; re
21. Smith 2002, p. 241.
22. Kirk 2003, p. 76.
23. Kirk 2003, p. 12.
24. Smith 2002, p. 175.
25. Smith 2002, pp. 271–273.
26. The Guardian
    https://www.theguardian.com/books/2007/aug/07/pressandpublishing.privacy
27. Smith 2002, pp. 1, 39, 224.
28. "About"
    https://www.jkrowling.com/about/
29. Kirk 2003, pp. 11–12.
30. Pugh 2020, p. 2.
31. The Scotsman
    https://www.scotsman.com/arts-and-culture/books/jk-rowling-story-2478095
32. Smith 2002, pp. 4–6.
33. Smith 2002, p. 271.
34. Kirk 2003, p. 10.
35. On Writing - Part Three
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kF2pzFnqOHU
36. Smith 2002, p. 2.
37. "Biography"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20071226220404/https://www.jkrowling.com/textonly/en/biography.cfm
38. Smith 2002, p. 4.
39. Smith 2002, pp. 8, 23, 72.
40. Smith 2002, pp. 53–54.
41. Smith 2002, p. 79.
42. "JK Rowling"
    https://www.bloomsbury.com/ca/discover/harry-potter/jk-rowling/#
43. Smith 2002, pp. 7–8.
44. Kirk 2003, p. 28.
45. Smith 2002, pp. 19, 27–32, 51–52.
46. Smith 2002, pp. 22, 29, 109.
47. Smith 2002, pp. 9–10, 39.
48. Smith 2002, p. 10.
49. Pugh 2020, p. 6.
50. Smith 2002, pp. 22, 25–27, 39.
51. Smith 2002, p. 25.
52. The New Yorker
    https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2012/10/01/mugglemarch
53. "Harry Potter: JK Rowling secretly buys childhood home"
    https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-gloucestershire-52286400
54. Smith 2002, p. 27.
55. Smith 2002, p. 28.
56. Smith 2002, pp. 27–30.
57. Smith 2002, pp. 28–30.
58. Kirk 2003, p. 31.
59. Smith 2002, p. 21.
60. Smith 2002, pp. 36–38.
61. Pugh 2020, p. 3.
62. Kirk 2003, p. 37.
63. Smith 2002, pp. 40–41.
64. Kirk 2003, p. 33. The years of British secondary school are equivalent to the United States grades of 6–12; Kirk compare
65. Kirk 2003, p. 39.
66. Smith 2002, pp. 66–67.
67. Smith 2002, pp. 56–58.
68. Kirk 2003, p. 36.
69. Smith 2002, p. 61.
70. Smith 2002, pp. 55–56.
71. Smith 2002, p. 62.
72. The Scotsman
    https://web.archive.org/web/20210609191643/https://www.scotsman.com/arts-and-culture/books/harry-and-me-2461742
73. Smith 2002, pp. 12–13.
74. Smith 2002, pp. 16–17.
75. Smith 2002, p. 17.
76. Smith 2002, p. 45.
77. Smith 2002, p. 38.
78. Kirk 2003, p. 40.
79. Smith 2002, pp. 71, 74.
80. Smith 2002, p. xii.
81. Pugh 2020, p. 4.
82. Smith 2002, p. 72.
83. "J.K. Rowling writes about her reasons for speaking out on sex and gender issues"
    https://www.jkrowling.com/opinions/j-k-rowling-writes-about-her-reasons-for-speaking-out-on-sex-and-gender-issues/
84. Smith 2002, pp. 76–78.
85. Pugh 2020, p. 9.
86. Smith 2002, pp. 77–78.
87. Smith 2002, pp. 79–81.
88. Smith 2002, pp. 80–81.
89. Kirk 2003, p. 42.
90. Smith 2002, p. 90.
91. Kirk 2003, p. 44.
92. Kirk 2003, pp. 44–45.
93. Smith 2002, pp. 89–90.
94. Smith 2002, pp. 95–97.
95. Smith 2002, p. 97.
96. "JK Rowling reveals Harry Potter's true birthplace: Clapham Junction"
    https://news.sky.com/story/jk-rowling-reveals-harry-potters-true-birthplace-clapham-junction-11992918
97. Pugh 2020, pp. 2–3.
98. Kirk 2003, p. 51.
99. Kirk 2003, pp. 66–67.
100. The Boston Globe
     https://www.proquest.com/docview/405306485
101. Smith 2002, p. 108.
102. Smith 2002, p. 106.
103. Smith 2002, pp. 109–110.
104. The Daily Telegraph
     https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1507438/There-would-be-so-much-to-tell-her....html
105. Smith 2002, pp. 109–112.
106. Smith 2002, pp. 114–116.
107. Smith 2002, pp. 121–122.
108. Smith 2002, pp. 127–131.
109. Smith 2002, p. 132.
110. Kirk 2003, p. 70.
111. Kirk 2003, p. 57: "Soon, by many eyewitness accounts and even some versions of Jorge's own story, domestic violence beca
112. "JK Rowling: Sun newspaper criticised by abuse charities for article on ex-husband"
     https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-53023543
113. The Guardian
     https://www.theguardian.com/books/2023/feb/22/jk-rowling-reveals-abuse-in-past-relationship
114. Smith 2002, pp. 133–134.
115. Smith 2002, pp. 136–137.
116. Smith 2002, p. 136.
117. Smith 2002, pp. 138–139.
118. "JK Rowling: The fringe benefits of failure"
     https://www.ted.com/talks/jk_rowling_the_fringe_benefits_of_failure
119. Smith 2002, p. 140.
120. Smith 2002, p. 141.
121. Smith 2002, p. 142.
122. Kirk 2003, p. 60.
123. "Harry Potter's magician"
     https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/823330.stm
124. Smith 2002, p. 144.
125. Smith 2002, p. 150.
126. Kirk 2003, pp. 55, 60.
127. Smith 2002, pp. 144–146.
128. Smith 2002, pp. 147–148.
129. Smith 2002, p. 149.
130. Smith 2002, p. 173.
131. Smith 2002, pp. 148–149.
132. Anelli 2008, p. 44.
133. Smith 2002, p. 174.
134. Anelli 2008, pp. 41, 47.
135. Smith 2002, p. 152.
136. Anelli 2008, p. 43.
137. Kirk 2003, p. 75.
138. The New Zealand Herald
     https://web.archive.org/web/20070929175706/http://www.nzherald.co.nz/section/6/story.cfm?c_id=6&objectid=10333960
139. Smith 2002, p. 162.
140. Smith 2002, p. 176.
141. Kirk 2003, pp. 62, 76, 119.
142. Errington 2017, pp. 1–2, 7–8.
143. Errington 2017, pp. 7–8.
144. Smith 2002, pp. 187–188.
145. Hahn 2015, pp. 264–266.
146. Mamary 2020, pp. 1–3.
147. Kirk 2003, p. 77.
148. Eccleshare 2002, p. 13.
149. Kirk 2003, p. 79.
150. Anelli 2008, pp. 50, 58–59.
151. Kirkus Reviews
     https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/jk-rowling/harry-potter-and-the-sorcerers-stone/
152. Anelli 2008, pp. 60–61.
153. Anelli 2008, p. 63.
154. Whited 2002, p. 2.
155. Whited 2002, p. 5.
156. "Inside 'Order of the Phoenix'"
     https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna3080035
157. The New York Times
     https://www.nytimes.com/2003/06/23/us/new-harry-potter-book-sells-5-million-on-first-day.html
158. The New York Times
     https://www.nytimes.com/2005/07/18/books/harry-potter-book-sets-record-in-first-day.html
159. The New York Times
     https://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/23/books/23potter.html
160. Gunelius 2008, pp. 8, 37.
161. Smith 2002, p. 210.
162. Anelli 2008, pp. 66–68.
163. Kirk 2003, p. 94.
164. The Guardian
     https://www.theguardian.com/film/2021/oct/28/harry-potter-and-the-philosophers-stone-review
165. The New York Times
     https://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/14/movies/14potter.html
166. The Baltimore Sun
     https://www.proquest.com/docview/406491574
167. The New York Times
     https://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/22/business/media/22potter.html
168. The New York Times
     https://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/18/movies/harry-potters-opening-weekend-breaks-box-office-records.html
169. The New York Times
     https://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/13/business/media/warner-jk-rowling-partnership-will-include-new-wizardry-film.html
170. "JK Rowling plans five Fantastic Beasts films"
     https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-37651586
171. The Guardian
     https://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/nov/25/jk-rowling-fantastic-beasts-screenplay
172. The New York Times
     https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/08/movies/fantastic-beasts.html
173. The Hollywood Reporter
     https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/fantastic-beasts-3-secrets-dumbledore-release-date-1235018522/
174. comicbook.com
     https://comicbook.com/movies/news/fantastic-beasts-sequels-harry-potter-movies-dead-warner-bros-discovery/
175. Smith 2002, pp. 218–222.
176. Smith 2002, p. 222.
177. The American Prospect
     https://prospect.org/api/content/3229353b-1de2-5f2d-89cf-1440fe7c9594/
178. Smith 2002, pp. 25–27, 76.
179. Smith 2002, p. 76.
180. The Washington Post
     https://www.proquest.com/docview/408532236
181. Front Row
     https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b01mx27g
182. Kirk 2003, p. 105.
183. The New York Times
     https://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/16/arts/television/16rowling.html
184. Kirk 2003, p. 113.
185. Holmes 2015, p. 203.
     https://books.google.com/books?id=5MNzCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA203
186. "Adjudicated complaints: J K Rowling"
     http://www.pcc.org.uk/cases/adjudicated.html?article=MjA0NQ==
187. Smith 2002, pp. 261–262, 266–267.
188. The Scotsman
     https://www.scotsman.com/news/hogwarts-hideaway-potter-author-2467790
189. "Baby joy for JK Rowling"
     https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/scotland/2883095.stm
190. "News: JKR gives birth to baby girl"
     https://web.archive.org/web/20120112121859/http://www.jkrowling.com/textonly/en/news_view.cfm?id=83
191. Forbes
     https://www.forbes.com/maserati/billionaires2004/cx_jw_0226rowlingbill04.html
192. Couric, Katie
     https://web.archive.org/web/20191128233720/http://www.nbcnews.com/id/8599597
193. Forbes
     https://www.forbes.com/sites/mattcraig/2025/05/30/jk-rowling-is-a-billionaire-again/
194. "Rowling 'makes £5 every second'"
     https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/7649962.stm
195. "JK Rowling named world's highest-earning author by Forbes"
     https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-edinburgh-east-fife-40825498
196. Forbes
     https://www.forbes.com/sites/hayleycuccinello/2019/12/20/worlds-highest-paid-authors-2019-rowling-patterson-obama/
197. The Daily Telegraph
     https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/booknews/9584404/JK-Rowling-Casual-Vacancy-tops-fiction-charts.html
198. The Daily Telegraph
     https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2025/01/17/jk-rowling-knocked-off-top-british-author-spot/
199. The Sunday Times
     https://www.thetimes.com/sunday-times-rich-list/profile/article/jk-rowling-net-worth-sunday-times-rich-list-695xd7kzn
200. The National
     https://www.thenational.scot/news/25190054.jk-rowling-fund-gender-critical-womens-cases-employers/
201. Evening Standard
     https://www.standard.co.uk/insider/celebrity/j-k-rowling-net-worth-harry-potter-author-billionaire-a4234706.html
202. Publishers Weekly
     https://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/industry-news/publisher-news/article/54123-review-the-casual-vacancy.html
203. The Guardian
     https://www.theguardian.com/books/2012/apr/12/jk-rowling-the-casual-vacancy
204. Pugh 2020, pp. 114–115.
205. Pugh 2020, p. 110.
206. The Guardian
     https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2015/jan/28/could-the-bbchbo-adaptation-of-jk-rowlings-the-casual-vacancy-be-an-improvement-on-the-book
207. The Sunday Times
     https://www.thetimes.com/culture/books/article/whodunnit-jk-rowlings-secret-life-as-wizard-crime-writer-revealed-35k8dfw5nmz
208. Molin 2015, pp. 15–18.
209. The New York Times
     https://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/15/books/a-detective-storys-famous-author-is-unmasked.html
210. The Daily Telegraph
     https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/10178344/JK-Rowling-unmasked-as-author-of-acclaimed-detective-novel.html
211. Pugh 2020, p. 116.
212. The Guardian
     https://www.theguardian.com/books/2013/jul/18/jk-rowling-anger-lawyers-secret-identity
213. Errington 2017, p. 592.
214. Errington 2017, p. 618.
215. "Lethal White: JK Rowling reveals Strike release date"
     https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-44779006
216. Birmingham Mail
     https://www.birminghammail.co.uk/news/showbiz-tv/jk-rowling-announces-fifth-cormoran-17778415
217. The Daily Telegraph
     https://www.telegraph.co.uk/books/what-to-read/ink-black-heart-robert-galbraith-review-jk-rowlings-strike-faces/
218. The Bookseller
     https://web.archive.org/web/20230427232005/https://www.thebookseller.com/rights/sphere-unveils-new-robert-galbraith-novel-the-running-grave
219. The Scotsman
     https://www.scotsman.com/arts-and-culture/books/jk-rowling-new-cormoran-strike-novel-under-robert-galbraith-announced-including-release-date-plot-details-5151525
220. Radio Times
     https://www.radiotimes.com/tv/drama/when-is-strike-the-cuckoos-calling-on-tv/
221. The Guardian
     https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2022/dec/11/strike-troubled-blood-review-the-shows-real-hook-will-robin-and-strike-finally-get-together
222. Deadline Hollywood
     https://deadline.com/2024/02/jk-rowling-bbc-hbo-strike-season-6-shoot-february-2024-1235810746/
223. Deadline Hollywood
     https://deadline.com/2016/10/hbcormoran-strike-hbo-drama-on-j-k-rowling-crime-novels-1201843188/
224. Brummitt 2016, pp. 112, 114–118.
225. The Rowling Library
     https://www.therowlinglibrary.com/2024/10/15/farewell-wizarding-world-harry-potter-becomes-the-brand-once-more/
226. Brummitt & Sellars 2019, pp. 108–111.
227. The New York Times
     https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/21/theater/harry-potter-and-the-cursed-child-jk-rowling.html
228. "J.K. Rowling bids farewell to Harry Potter at 'Cursed Child' gala"
     https://www.reuters.com/article/us-entertainment-harrypotter-idUSKCN10A0OP
229. Birch 2016, pp. 96–97.
230. The Hollywood Reporter
     https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/harry-potter-tv-series-2026-debut-hbo-max-1235833774/
231. Deadline Hollywood
     https://deadline.com/2024/06/harry-potter-welcome-to-derry-moving-from-max-to-hbo-1235983023/
232. Variety
     https://variety.com/2023/tv/news/harry-potter-tv-series-hbo-max-1235578295/
233. "JK Rowling's The Ickabog child illustrators chosen for book"
     https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-bristol-54892322
234. Quealy-Gainer 2020.
235. The New York Times
     https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/05/books/review/rowling-the-ickabog.html
236. The Guardian
     https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/may/26/jk-rowling-announces-new-childrens-book-the-ickabog-to-be-published-free-online
237. "J.K. Rowling's new children's book The Ickabog features illustrations from 9 Canadian kids"
     https://www.cbc.ca/books/j-k-rowling-s-new-children-s-book-the-ickabog-features-illustrations-from-9-canadian-kids-1.5814195
238. Times of India
     https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/books/features/jk-rowling-donates-money-for-covid-19-relief-work-in-india/articleshow/82629822.cms
239. The New York Times
     https://www.nytimes.com/2021/10/12/books/review/jk-rowling-the-christmas-pig.html
240. Kirkus Reviews
     https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/jk-rowling/the-christmas-pig/
241. The Bookseller
     https://www.thebookseller.com/news/christmas-pig-jingles-all-way-number-one-spot-1284979
242. The New York Times
     https://www.nytimes.com/2021/12/02/books/review/richard-paul-evans-the-christmas-promise.html
243. The Daily Telegraph
     https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/3656769/The-first-It-Girl.html
244. Nel 2001, p. 9.
245. Hopkins 2016, p. 55.
246. Groves 2017, p. xiii.
247. Groves 2017, p. xii.
248. Groves 2017, pp. x, xii.
249. Groves 2017, p. xii; Berberich 2015, pp. 151–154; Pinsent 2002, p. 28.
250. Pinsent 2002, p. 28.
251. Pinsent 2002, pp. 27–30.
252. Nikolajeva 2008, pp. 229–233.
253. Pinsent 2002, p. 27.
254. Alton 2008, pp. 211–214.
255. Pugh 2020, pp. 11, 20.
256. Pugh 2020, p. 107.
257. Pharr 2016, p. 10.
258. Alton 2008, p. 211.
259. Pugh 2020, pp. 114–116.
260. Natov 2002, p. 129.
261. Butler 2012, pp. 233–234.
262. Butler 2012, p. 234.
263. Park 2003, p. 183.
264. Natov 2002, p. 130.
265. Nikolajeva 2008, p. 233.
266. Ostry 2003, pp. 90, 97–98.
267. Alton 2008, p. 216.
268. Gallardo & Smith 2003, p. 195.
269. Singer 2016, pp. 26–27.
270. Farmer 2001, p. 58.
271. Nikolajeva 2008, pp. 238–239.
272. Ciaccio 2008, pp. 39–40.
273. Groves 2017, pp. xxi–xxii, 135–136.
274. Smith 2002, p. 111.
275. Natov 2002, pp. 134–136.
276. Taub & Servaty-Seib 2008, pp. 23–27.
277. Pharr 2016, pp. 20–21.
278. Groves 2017, p. 138.
279. Groves 2017, p. 135.
280. Schanoes 2003, pp. 131–132.
281. McEvoy 2016, p. 207.
282. Doughty 2002, pp. 247–249; McEvoy 2016, pp. 207, 211–213; Berberich 2016, p. 153.
283. Whited 2002, pp. 1–3.
284. Gupta 2009, p. 17.
285. Marsick 2023.
286. Anatol 2003, pp. ix–x.
287. Beckett 2008, p. 114: "The Goblet of Fire was the fastest-selling book in history.".
288. Grenby 2016, p. 1: "Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (2003) was the fastest selling book in UK history (5 milli
289. Falconer 2008, p. 16: "Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince ... broke records as the fastest selling book in history,
290. Pugh 2020, pp. 107–108, 122–123.
291. The Bookseller
     https://www.thebookseller.com/news/casual-vacancy-keeps-pole-position
292. Levy & Mendlesohn 2016, pp. 166, 168–169.
293. Eccleshare 2002, pp. 106, 108.
294. Eccleshare 2002, p. 106.
295. Westman 2006, "The critical response".
296. Nel 2001, pp. 59–60.
297. The Wall Street Journal
     https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB963270836801555352
298. Teare 2002, pp. 332–333.
299. Zipes 2013, pp. 176–177.
300. Sunderland, Dempster & Thistlethwaite 2016, p. 35.
301. The New York Times
     https://www.nytimes.com/2003/07/07/opinion/harry-potter-and-the-childish-adult.html
302. The Independent
     https://www.proquest.com/docview/311572655
303. Pharr 2016, p. 15.
304. Whited 2015, pp. 64–65.
305. Pugh 2020, p. 115.
306. Pugh 2020, pp. 122–123.
307. Pugh 2020, pp. 94–98.
308. Heilman & Donaldson 2008, pp. 139–141; Pugh & Wallace 2006; Eberhardt 2017.
309. Pugh & Wallace 2006; Eccleshare 2002, pp. 84–87; Gallardo & Smith 2003, p. 191.
310. Heilman & Donaldson 2008, pp. 139–141.
311. Berents 2012, pp. 144–149.
312. Heilman & Donaldson 2008, pp. 142–147.
313. Bell & Alexander 2012, pp. 1–8.
314. Pugh & Wallace 2006; Heilman & Donaldson 2008, pp. 149–155.
315. Horne 2010, pp. 81–82.
316. Barratt 2012, pp. 63, 67; Nel 2001, p. 44; Eccleshare 2002, p. 78.
317. Gupta 2009, p. 104; Guanio-Uluru 2015, p. 121; Nel 2001, pp. 43–45.
318. Ostry 2003, pp. 95–98; Blake 2002, pp. 104–106; Gupta 2009, pp. 105–107; Mendlesohn 2002, pp. 176–177; Nikolajeva 2008,
319. Gupta 2009, pp. 105–107.
320. Gupta 2009, pp. 108–110.
321. Horne 2010, pp. 76–77.
322. Carey 2003, pp. 105–107, 114; Horne 2010, p. 76
323. Mendlesohn 2002, pp. 178–181; Horne 2010, p. 81.
324. Pharr 2016, pp. 12–13.
325. Barratt 2012, p. 52.
326. Dendle 2008, pp. 171–173; Horne 2010, pp. 96–97.
327. Ostry 2003, pp. 95–98; Applebaum 2008, pp. 92–93; Heilman & Donaldson 2008, pp. 140–142; Horne 2010, pp. 96–97; Mendleso
328. Gupta 2009, pp. 18–20.
329. Cockrell 2006.
330. McAvan 2012, pp. 100–103.
331. Gupta 2009, p. 18.
332. Foerstel 2002, pp. 180–188.
333. Whited 2002, pp. 3–4.
334. Guanio-Uluru 2015, pp. 85–86.
335. Gibson 2007, pp. 187–190.
336. Gibson 2007, pp. 188–190.
337. Guanio-Uluru 2015, p. 85.
338. "Emirates ban Potter book"
     https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1816012.stm
339. The Guardian
     https://www.theguardian.com/books/2002/feb/14/news
340. Gibson 2007, pp. 192–193.
341. Taub & Servaty-Seib 2008, pp. 15–17.
342. Ciaccio 2008, pp. 33–37.
343. Farmer 2001, p. 53.
344. Beckett 2008, pp. 85, 111.
345. Falconer 2010, p. 87.
346. Westman 2011, p. 104.
347. Beckett 2008, p. 111.
348. Beckett 2008, p. 135.
349. Eccleshare 2002, pp. 106–108.
350. Stableford 2009, pp. xli, lx–lxi, 72.
351. Levy & Mendlesohn 2016, pp. 161–162.
352. Stableford 2009, pp. 72–73.
353. Stableford 2009, p. 73.
354. Eccleshare 2002, pp. 108–109.
355. Eccleshare 2002, pp. 105–106.
356. Levy & Mendlesohn 2016, pp. 164–165.
357. Levy & Mendlesohn 2016, p. 167.
358. Levy & Mendlesohn 2016, pp. 168–170.
359. Striphas 2009, pp. 158–159, 166–167.
360. Mendlesohn & James 2012, p. 167.
361. Eccleshare 2002, pp. 33–35.
362. Eccleshare 2002, pp. 10–12.
363. Mendlesohn & James 2012, pp. 165, 171.
364. Mendlesohn & James 2012, p. 165.
365. Anelli 2008, p. 69.
366. Striphas 2009, pp. 146–148.
367. Gupta 2009, p. 217.
368. Duggan 2021.
369. Thomas 2019, pp. 154–155.
370. Tosenberger 2008, pp. 196, 199.
371. Pugh 2020, p. 7.
372. Thomas 2019, p. 155.
373. Tosenberger 2008, pp. 202–203.
374. Baker 2010, pp. 225–40.
375. Whited 2002, pp. 4–5.
376. Pember & Calvert 2007, p. 597.
377. Posner 2007, p. 8.
378. Striphas 2009, pp. 161–166.
379. Toronto Star
     https://www.proquest.com/docview/438844169
380. The New York Times
     https://www.nytimes.com/2003/06/21/nyregion/publisher-s-efforts-to-keep-story-s-secrets-collide-with-free-speech-concerns.html
381. Jenkins 2006, p. 186.
382. Schwabach 2009, pp. 428–429.
383. Schwabach 2009, p. 429.
384. Detroit Free Press
     https://www.newspapers.com/clip/92377200/potter-guide-reaches-stores/
385. The New Zealand Herald
     http://www.nzherald.co.nz/books/news/article.cfm?c_id=134&objectid=10791515
386. ProQuest
     https://www.proquest.com/docview/1781399093
387. Pugh 2020, pp. 5–6.
388. "About us"
     https://www.volanttrust.org/about-us/
389. "J K Rowling becomes President of One Parent Families"
     https://web.archive.org/web/20071106031950/http://www.oneparentfamilies.org.uk/1/lx3x1olx-5001x1oix1794x1/0/0/110707/0/0/J_K_Rowling_-_One_Parent.htm
390. The Guardian
     https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2007/may/13/labourleadership.labour1
391. "Our history"
     https://www.wearelumos.org/who-we-are/our-history/
392. The Sunday Post
     https://www.sundaypost.com/fp/harry-potter-author-jk-rowling-helped-afghan-lawyers-flee-the-taliban/
393. "J.K. Rowling gives millions for MS research"
     https://www.reuters.com/article/idINIndia-51184720100831
394. "JK Rowling donates £15.3m to Edinburgh MS research centre"
     https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-49661840
395. "Amazon.com buys J.K. Rowling tales"
     https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-amazon-rowling-idUKN1427375920071214
396. Errington 2017, pp. 704–705.
397. "Biography"
     http://www.jkrowling.com/en_GB/#/about-jk-rowling
398. "The season of giving – the millionaire donations that defined 2013"
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399. The Guardian
     https://www.theguardian.com/books/2008/may/29/harrypotter.jkjoannekathleenrowling
400. "Harry Potter prequel stolen in Birmingham burglary"
     https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-birmingham-39894187
401. The Independent
     https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/news/jk-rowling-wins-substantial-donation-to-charity-from-law-firm-behind-robert-galbraith-8739299.html
402. Salter & Stanfill 2020, pp. 41–42.
403. Schwirblat, Freberg & Freberg 2022, p. 367.
404. Salter & Stanfill 2020, p. 43.
405. "J.K. Rowling hits back at Putin after he likened Russia to her in rant against cancel culture"
     https://www.cnn.com/2022/03/25/world/jk-rowling-putin-intl-scli-gbr/index.html
406. Salter & Stanfill 2020, p. 58.
407. The Daily Telegraph
     https://web.archive.org/web/20080920115952/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/politics/labour/3021309/Harry-Potter-author-JK-Rowling-gives-1-million-to-Labour.html
408. "JK Rowling accuses Labour of abandoning women"
     https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cndd65k06x8o
409. Richards 2017, pp. 316–317.
410. The Guardian
     https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/jun/11/jk-rowling-donates-scotland-anti-independence-campaign
411. The Independent
     https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/eu-referendum-brexit-remain-who-do-celebrities-support-david-beckham-jk-rowling-a7094751.html
412. The Guardian
     https://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/oct/27/jk-rowling-explains-refusal-to-join-cultural-boycott-of-israel
413. The Guardian
     https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/oct/22/israel-needs-cultural-bridges-not-boycotts-letter-from-jk-rowling-simon-schama-and-others
414. Salter & Stanfill 2020, p. 48.
415. The Times
     https://www.proquest.com/docview/318891545
416. The Guardian
     https://www.theguardian.com/media/2011/nov/24/leveson-inquiry-jk-rowling-sienna-miller-live
417. The Scotsman
     https://www.proquest.com/docview/326828580
418. "Daily Mail pays damages to JK Rowling"
     https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-27312080
419. The Guardian
     https://www.theguardian.com/media/2011/sep/14/leveson-phone-hacking-inquiry-jk-rowling
420. "Author J.K. Rowling feels 'duped' by Cameron over hacking inquiry"
     https://www.cnn.com/2012/12/01/world/europe/uk-rowling-hacking-inquiry/index.html
421. The Guardian
     https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2012/nov/30/jk-rowling-duped-angry-david-cameron-leveson
422. "Explainer: J. K. Rowling and trans women in single-sex spaces: what's the furore?"
     https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-lgbt-rowling-explainer-trfn-idUSKBN23I3AI
423. The Guardian
     https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/jun/11/why-is-jk-rowling-speaking-out-now-on-sex-and-gender-debate
424. "J.K. Rowling's 'transphobia' tweet row spotlights a fight between equality campaigners and radical feminists"
     https://edition.cnn.com/2019/12/20/uk/jk-rowling-transgender-explainer-intl-gbr/index.html
425. "J.K. Rowling reveals past abuse and defends right to speak on trans issues"
     https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-rowling/j-k-rowling-reveals-past-abuse-and-defends-right-to-speak-on-trans-issues-idUSKBN23H2XI
426. "J.K. Rowling defends herself after accusations of making 'anti-trans' comments on Twitter"
     https://www.cbsnews.com/news/j-k-rowling-defends-anti-trans-comments-twitter/
427. "J.K. Rowling explains her gender identity views in essay amid backlash"
     https://edition.cnn.com/2020/06/10/entertainment/jk-rowling/index.html
428. Whited 2024, p. 7. "But in June 2020, Rowling's manifesto led some people to label her as a trans-exclusionary radical f
429. Schwirblat, Freberg & Freberg 2022, pp. 367–368. "This sparked a heated discussion within the Twitter community, one sid
430. Whited 2024, pp. 6–8.
431. "Maya Forstater: Woman sacked over trans tweets loses tribunal"
     https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-50858919
432. "Maya Forstater: Woman discriminated against over trans tweets, tribunal rules"
     https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-62061929
433. "Maya Forstater: woman wins tribunal appeal over transgender tweets"
     https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-57426579
434. The Guardian
     https://www.theguardian.com/law/2021/jun/10/gender-critical-views-protected-belief-appeal-tribunal-rules-maya-forstater
435. Pape 2022, p. 230.
436. "Maya Forstater: Woman discriminated against over trans tweets, tribunal rules"
     https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-62061929
437. The New York Times
     https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/19/world/europe/jk-rowling-maya-forstater-transgender.html
438. Whited 2024, p. 6.
439. Pedersen 2022, Abstract.
440. Suissa & Sullivan 2021, pp. 66–69.
441. Duggan 2021, PDF pp. 14–15 (160–161).
442. The Times
     https://www.thetimes.com/uk/scotland/article/jk-rowling-donates-70k-for-legal-challenge-on-defining-a-woman-73tkvwq0b
443. Whited 2024, p. 7.
444. "JK Rowling backs protest over Scottish gender bill"
     https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-scotland-politics-63162533
445. The Guardian
     https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/apr/18/jk-rowling-harry-potter-gender-critical-campaigner
446. Duggan 2021, p. 161.
447. The New York Times
     https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/07/arts/Jk-Rowling-controversy.html
448. Duggan 2021, pp. 14–15.
449. The Guardian
     https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2024/apr/03/jk-rowling-comments-scotland-non-crime-hate-incident
450. Variety
     https://variety.com/2024/tv/news/harry-potter-hbo-series-jk-rowling-transphobia-1236215642/
451. "J.K. Rowling writes about her reasons for speaking out on sex and gender issues"
     https://www.jkrowling.com/opinions/j-k-rowling-writes-about-her-reasons-for-speaking-out-on-sex-and-gender-issues/
452. "JK Rowling dismisses backlash over trans comments: 'I don't care about my legacy'"
     https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-64729304
453. The Guardian
     https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/oct/09/stephen-king-margaret-atwood-roxane-gay-champion-trans-rights-open-letter-jk-rowling
454. Billboard
     https://www.billboard.com/culture/pride/artists-fire-back-jk-rowling-anti-trans-remarks-9400386/
455. The Hollywood Reporter
     https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lifestyle/lifestyle-news/universal-parks-responds-jk-rowling-tweets-core-values-include-diversity-inclusion-respect-1297845/
456. Pape 2022, pp. 229–230.
457. DW News
     https://www.dw.com/en/bbc-nominates-jk-rowlings-controversial-essay-on-trans-rights-for-award/a-56014673
458. Schwirblat, Freberg & Freberg 2022, pp. 367–369.
459. Lai 2023, pp. 155, 166–168.
460. Pape 2022, pp. 229–230, 238.
461. Whited 2024, p. 9.
462. "Internet troll threatened to kill JK Rowling and MP"
     https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c044vevjyd7o
463. Henderson 2022, p. 224.
464. The Independent
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465. New Statesman
     https://www.newstatesman.com/long-reads/2021/11/the-battle-for-stonewall-the-lgbt-charity-and-the-uks-gender-wars
466. The Guardian
     https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/aug/28/jk-rowling-robert-f-kennedy-human-rights-award-trans-views
467. The Guardian
     https://web.archive.org/web/20221212165212/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2022/dec/12/jk-rowling-launches-support-centre-for-female-victims-of-sexual-violence
468. BBC News
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469. BBC Scotland News
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470. Edinburgh Evening News
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471. The Independent
     https://www.the-independent.com/news/uk/home-news/uk-supreme-court-transgender-women-jk-rowling-b2734820.html
472. The Washington Post
     https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2025/04/16/woman-definition-biological-sex-transgender-uk-supreme-court/
473. NBC News
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474. Whited 2024, pp. 6–7, 8–9.
475. Nel 2001, pp. 72–73.
476. Whited 2002, pp. 6–7.
477. Nel 2001, p. 59.
478. "2001 Hugo Awards"
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479. The New York Times
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480. "Caine heads birthday honours list"
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481. "Potter Author Wins Spanish Honor"
     https://www.cbsnews.com/news/potter-author-wins-spanish-honor/
482. Pugh 2020, pp. 6–7.
483. The Guardian
     https://www.theguardian.com/books/2008/apr/10/galaxyawards.awardsandprizes
484. The Guardian
     https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2010/oct/11/harry-potter-jkrowling-influential-woman
485. The London Gazette
     https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/61962/supplement/B25
486. The Daily Telegraph
     https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1348603/J-K-Rowling-given-honorary-degree-at-her-alma-mater.html
487. Harvard Magazine
     https://www.harvardmagazine.com/2008/06/the-fringe-benefits-failure-the-importance-imagination
488. Royal Society of Literature
     https://web.archive.org/web/20190809183610/https://rsliterature.org/fellow/j-k-rowling-3/
489. "Dr Joanne Kathleen Rowling CH, OBE, HonFRSE – The Royal Society of Edinburgh"
     https://web.archive.org/web/20181122173611/https://www.rse.org.uk/fellow/joanne-rowling/
490. "College Fellows and Members recognised in Queen's Birthday Honours"
     https://web.archive.org/web/20171002221855/https://www.rcpe.ac.uk/college/college-fellows-and-members-recognised-queens-birthday-honours
491. Harry Potter
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492. "Olivier winners 2017"
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493. The Independent
     https://www.independent.co.uk/extras/indybest/books/british-book-awards-nibbies-2021-b1846831.html
494. Toronto Star
     https://www.thestar.com/entertainment/2007/07/14/a_potter_timeline_for_muggles.html
495. Errington 2017, p. 2.
496. Errington 2017, p. 65.
497. Errington 2017, p. 185.
498. Errington 2017, p. 251.
499. Errington 2017, p. 353.
500. Errington 2017, p. 421.
501. "Harry Potter finale sales hit 11m"
     https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/6912529.stm
502. Errington 2017, p. 475.
503. Errington 2017, p. 314.
504. Errington 2017, p. 336.
505. "One-of-a-kind handwritten Harry Potter prequel story stolen in burglary"
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506. Errington 2017, p. 530.
507. "Harry Potter author speaks to the BBC ahead of Cursed Child premier"
     https://www.bbc.com/news/av/uk-36934297
508. Errington 2017, p. 694.
509. Errington 2017, p. 630.
510. Errington 2017, p. 631.
511. Errington 2017, p. 629.
512. Variety
     https://variety.com/2024/digital/news/jk-rowling-harry-potter-from-wizarding-world-archive-audible-1236112397/
513. "From the Wizarding Archive: a curated selection of Harry Potter lore – coming soon!"
     https://www.wizardingworld.com/news/introducing-from-the-wizarding-archive
514. Errington 2017, p. 635.
515. USA Today
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516. Errington 2017, p. 551.
517. Errington 2017, p. 574.
518. "JK Rowling's new book sparks fresh transgender rights row"
     https://www.cnn.com/2020/09/15/entertainment/jk-rowling-troubled-blood-book-trans-gbr-scli-intl/index.html
519. The Independent
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520. Errington 2017, pp. 609–611.
521. The Bookseller
     https://www.thebookseller.com/news/coronet-release-love-letter-europe-brexit-deadline-day-1086231
522. The Bookseller
     https://www.thebookseller.com/rights/constable-to-publish-essays-on-scottish-womens-campaign-featuring-j-k-rowling
523. Decca: the Letters by Jessica Mitford
     https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/3656769/The-first-It-Girl.html
524. Time magazine
     https://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1894410_1893847_1894201,00.html
525. The Times
     https://www.thetimes.com/travel/destinations/uk-travel/the-single-mothers-manifesto-zprmcjl7wss
526. The Guardian
     https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/dec/17/jk-rowling-fairytale-orphanage-lumos
527. The Times
     https://www.thetimes.com/uk/politics/article/jk-rowling-labour-has-dismissed-women-like-me-ill-struggle-to-vote-for-it-rrgbcrkd6
528. Errington 2017, pp. 669–670.
529. Nel 2005.
530. Errington 2017, pp. 671–672.
531. Errington 2017, p. 677.
532. Errington 2017, pp. 687–688.
533. "Warner Bros. Pictures Worldwide Satellite Trailer Debut: Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows Part 1"
     https://web.archive.org/web/20101227092506/http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20100920005538/en/Warner-Bros.-Pictures-Worldwide-Satellite-Trailer-Debut%C2%A0Harry
534. "Warner Bros. announces expanded creative partnership with J.K. Rowling"
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535. "A thrilling new adventure in J.K. Rowling's Wizarding World is underway"
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536. The Hollywood Reporter
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537. Montreal Gazette
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538. The Hollywood Reporter
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539. Variety
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540. The Hollywood Reporter
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