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Israel–United States relations

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Israel–United States relations

Since the 1960s, the relationship between Israel and the United States has grown into a close alliance in economic, strategic and military aspects. The U.S. has provided strong support for Israel; it has played a key role in the promotion of good relations between Israel and its neighbouring Arab states. In turn, Israel provides a strategic American foothold in the region as well as intelligence and advanced technological partnerships. Relations with Israel are an important factor in the U.S. foreign policy in the Middle East. Israel is the largest cumulative recipient of U.S. foreign aid: up to February 2022, the U.S. had provided Israel US$150 billion (non-inflation-adjusted) in assistance. The United States' first free trade agreement was with Israel, in 1985. In 1999, the U.S. government signed a commitment to provide Israel with at least US$2.7 billion in military aid annually for ten years; in 2009 it was raised to $3 billion; and in 2019 raised to a minimum of US$3.8 billion. Since 1972, the U.S. has also extended loan guarantees to Israel to assist with housing shortages, absorption of new Jewish immigrants and economic recovery. In addition to financial and military aid, the U.S. provides large-scale political support, having used its United Nations Security Council veto power 42 times against resolutions condemning Israel, out of 83 times in which its veto has been used. Between 1991 and 2011, out of the 24 vetoes invoked by the U.S., 15 were used to protect Israel. As of 2021, the United States remains the only permanent member of the United Nations Security Council to have recognized the Golan Heights as non-occupied Israeli sovereign territory, recognized Jerusalem as the capital of Israel, and moved its embassy there from Tel Aviv in 2018. Israel is designated by the United States as a major non-NATO ally. Bilateral relations have developed from an early American policy of sympathy and support for the establishment of a Jewish homeland in 1948 to a partnership that connects the United States – a superpower seeking to balance competing interests in the Middle East – with Israel, a small but militarily powerful nation. Late U.S senator Jesse Helms argued that the military foothold offered by Israel justifies the expense of American military aid, referring to Israel as "America's aircraft carrier in the Middle East".

Infobox

Ambassador Yechiel Leiter
Ambassador Mike Huckabee
Embassy of Israel, Washington, D.C.
Embassy of the United States, Jerusalem

Tables

Israel goods trade in billions of U.S. dollars (1990−2023)[188] · Economic relations
U.S. exports to Israel
U.S. exports to Israel
Col 1
U.S. exports to Israel
1985
2.6
1986
2.2
1987
3.1
1988
3.2
1989
1.1
1990
3.2
1991
3.9
1992
4.1
1993
4.4
1994
5.0
1995
5.6
1996
6.0
1997
6.0
1998
7.0
1999
7.7
2000
7.7
2001
7.5
2002
7.0
2003
6.9
2004
9.2
2005
9.7
U.S. imports from Israel
U.S. imports from Israel
Col 1
U.S. imports from Israel
1985
2.1
1986
2.4
1987
2.6
1988
3.0
1989
1.7
1990
3.3
1991
3.5
1992
3.8
1993
4.4
1994
5.2
1995
5.7
1996
6.4
1997
7.3
1998
8.6
1999
9.8
2000
13.0
2001
12.0
2002
12.4
2003
12.8
2004
14.6
2005
16.8
Trade balance
Trade balance
Col 1
Trade balance
1985
0.5
1986
−0.2
1987
0.5
1988
0.2
1989
−0.6
1990
−0.1
1991
0.4
1992
0.3
1993
0.0
1994
−0.2
1995
−0.1
1996
−0.4
1997
−1.3
1998
−1.6
1999
−2.2
2000
−2.2
2001
−4.5
2002
−5.4
2003
−5.9
2004
−5.4
2005
−7.1
U.S. exports to Israel
U.S. exports to Israel
Col 1
U.S. exports to Israel
1985
11.0
1986
12.9
1987
14.5
1988
9.6
1989
11.3
1990
14.0
1991
14.3
1992
13.7
1993
15.1
1994
13.6
1995
13.2
1996
12.5
1997
13.7
1998
16.3
1999
11.2
2000
12.9
2001
14.2
2002
14.0
U.S. imports from Israel
U.S. imports from Israel
Col 1
U.S. imports from Israel
1985
19.2
1986
20.8
1987
22.3
1988
18.7
1989
21.0
1990
23.0
1991
22.1
1992
22.8
1993
23.0
1994
24.5
1995
22.2
1996
21.0
1997
21.8
1998
19.5
1999
15.3
2000
18.7
2001
21.4
2002
20.8
Trade balance
Trade balance
Col 1
Trade balance
1985
−8.2
1986
−7.9
1987
−7.8
1988
−9.2
1989
−9.7
1990
−9.1
1991
−7.9
1992
−9.0
1993
−7.9
1994
−11.0
1995
−9.0
1996
−9.4
1997
−8.1
1998
−3.1
1999
−4.0
2000
−5.8
2001
−7.2
2002
−6.8
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
exports to Israel
2.6
2.2
3.1
3.2
1.1
3.2
3.9
4.1
4.4
5.0
5.6
6.0
6.0
7.0
7.7
7.7
7.5
7.0
6.9
9.2
9.7
imports from Israel
2.1
2.4
2.6
3.0
1.7
3.3
3.5
3.8
4.4
5.2
5.7
6.4
7.3
8.6
9.8
13.0
12.0
12.4
12.8
14.6
16.8
Trade balance
0.5
−0.2
0.5
0.2
−0.6
−0.1
0.4
0.3
0.0
−0.2
−0.1
−0.4
−1.3
−1.6
−2.2
−2.2
−4.5
−5.4
−5.9
−5.4
−7.1
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
exports to Israel
11.0
12.9
14.5
9.6
11.3
14.0
14.3
13.7
15.1
13.6
13.2
12.5
13.7
16.3
11.2
12.9
14.2
14.0
imports from Israel
19.2
20.8
22.3
18.7
21.0
23.0
22.1
22.8
23.0
24.5
22.2
21.0
21.8
19.5
15.3
18.7
21.4
20.8
Trade balance
−8.2
−7.9
−7.8
−9.2
−9.7
−9.1
−7.9
−9.0
−7.9
−11.0
−9.0
−9.4
−8.1
−3.1
−4.0
−5.8
−7.2
−6.8

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