-
Arabic: لَا إِلهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، مُحَمَّدٌ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ, romanized: Lā ʾilāha ʾillā llāh, Muhammadun rasūlu llāh
-
Arabic: دَوْلَةُ الْإِسْلَامِ بَاقِيَةٌ وَتَتَمَدَّدُ, romanized: Dawlat al-Islām Baqiya wa Tatamaddad
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Arabic: خِلَافَةٌ عَلَى مِنْهَاجِ النُّبُوَّةِ, romanized: Khilāfah ala Minhāj an-Nubuwwah
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Arabic: الدولة الإسلامية, romanised: ad-Dawla al-Islāmiyya.
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ISIL Tunisia, ISIL Bengal, ISIL Greater Sahara (ISGS), and ISIL East Asia (ISEA) are not considered terrorist organisati
-
The Independent
https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/isis-flag-what-do-the-words-mean-and-what-are-its-origins-10369601.html -
Carnegie Middle East Center
https://web.archive.org/web/20170120172144/https://carnegie-mec.org/diwan/54017?lang=en -
Jihadica
https://web.archive.org/web/20131109154128/https://www.jihadica.com/the-islamic-state-of-disobedience-al-baghdadis-defiance/ -
"Al Qaeda breaks link with Syrian militant group ISIL"
https://www.reuters.com/article/us-syria-crisis-qaeda-idUSBREA120NS20140203 -
Terrorism Monitor
https://jamestown.org/program/zarqawis-pledge-of-allegiance-to-al-qaeda-from-muasker-al-battar-issue-21-2/ -
Hindustan Times
https://web.archive.org/web/20150129054615/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/is-announces-expansion-into-afpak-parts-of-india/article1-1311533.aspx -
"Boko Haram purportedly pledges allegiance to ISIS"
http://www.cnn.com/2015/03/07/africa/nigeria-boko-haram-isis/ -
"ISIS Declares Governorate in Russia's North Caucasus Region"
https://web.archive.org/web/20171019055910/http://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/isis-declares-governorate-russia%e2%80%99s-north-caucasus-region -
VICE News
https://www.vice.com/en/article/who-was-isis-leader-abu-ibrahim-al-hashimi-al-qurayshi/ -
SITE
https://ent.siteintelgroup.com/Jihadist-Threat-Statements/is-claims-suicide-bombing-on-algerian-military-base-in-southern-town-of-timiaouine.html -
Jihadist Threat
https://web.archive.org/web/20221118194348/https://ent.siteintelgroup.com/Statements/is-delineates-khorasan-province-from-pakistan-province-in-attack-claims-one-involving-targeted-killing-in-rawalpindi.html -
"Containing Transnational Jihadists in Syria's North West"
https://www.crisisgroup.org/middle-east-north-africa/east-mediterranean-mena/syria/239-containing-transnational-jihadists-syrias -
"ISIL confirms death of leader Abu Hussein al-Qurashi, names successor"
https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/8/3/isil-confirms-death-of-leader-abu-hussein-al-qurashi-names-successor -
"US raid kills senior ISIS official near Syria's border with Turkey"
https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2025/08/us-raid-kills-senior-isis-official-near-syrias-border-turkey -
"Syrian army captures Mayadin from ISIS near Deir ez-Zor"
http://www.rudaw.net/english/kurdistan/141020174 -
"Iraq forces launch 'last big fight' against IS"
http://www.rudaw.net/english/middleeast/iraq/26102017 -
"Anti-IS forces converge on Syria border town"
https://sg.news.yahoo.com/anti-forces-converge-syria-border-town-113315169.html -
"Syria, the Isis pockets of resistance at Deir Ez-Zor are reduced to two"
https://www.difesaesicurezza.com/en/defence/syria-the-isis-pockets-of-resistance-at-deir-ezzor-are-reduced-to-two/ -
"Breaking: SDF captures Daesh's de facto capital in Syria"
https://web.archive.org/web/20190706165230/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/breaking-sdf-captures-daeshs-de-facto-capital-in-syria/ -
The National
https://www.thenational.ae/world/mena/us-backed-fighters-seize-east-syria-village-from-isis-1.813894 -
"ISIL's reign over eastern Euphrates nearing its end – map"
https://web.archive.org/web/20201111004303/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/isils-reign-over-eastern-euphrates-nearing-its-end-map/ -
The New York Times
https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/24/world/middleeast/isis-syria-last-territory.html -
"ISIS squeezed into last areas as SDF troops capture 2 villages east of the Euphrates (MAP)"
https://web.archive.org/web/20201119051754/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/isis-squeezed-into-last-areas-as-sdf-troops-capture-2-villages-east-of-the-euphrates-mapto/ -
"US-backed Fighters Launch Final Push to Defeat IS in Syria"
https://www.voanews.com/a/us-backed-fighters-launch-final-push-to-defeat-is-in-syria/4779930.html -
The Washington Post
https://web.archive.org/web/20190323113725/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/us-backed-syrian-force-declares-victory-over-islamic-state/2019/03/23/fc0eb35c-4d34-11e9-8cfc-2c5d0999c21e_story.html -
The New York Times
https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2015/05/21/world/middleeast/how-isis-expands.html -
Seeking Security in an Insecure World
https://books.google.com/books?id=DqNaCwAAQBAJ&pg=PAPA195 -
Handbook of Islamic Sects and Movements
https://doi.org/10.1163%2F9789004435544_026 -
"Sayyid Qutb: Father of Salafi Jihadism, Forerunner of the Islamic State"
https://www.abc.net.au/religion/sayyid-qutb-father-of-salafi-jihadism-forerunner-of-the-islamic-/10096380 -
Mind of the Islamic state: ISIS and the ideology of the caliphate
-
Arab Law Quarterly
https://doi.org/10.1163%2F15730255-12314024 -
The Brookings Project on U.S. Relations with the Islamic World
http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/Research/Files/Papers/2015/03/ideology-of-islamic-state-bunzel/The-ideology-of-the-Islamic-State.pdf?la=en -
Islamic State: The Changing Face of Modern Jihadism
https://web.archive.org/web/20150226115714/http://www.quilliamfoundation.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/publications/free/islamic-state-the-changing-face-of-modern-jihadism.pdf -
The Atlantic
https://www.theatlantic.com/features/archive/2015/02/what-isis-really-wants/384980/ -
The Huffington Post
https://www.huffingtonpost.com/alastair-crooke/isis-wahhabism-saudi-arabia_b_5717157.html -
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Homegrown: ISIS in America
https://books.google.com/books?id=T4vzDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA111 -
-
ISIS: A History
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Gesellschaft für bedrohte Völker e.V. (GfbV)
https://www.gfbv.de/en/news/4-years-ago-the-genocide-against-the-yazidis-in-northern-iraq-august-3-2014-9323/ -
The Daily Telegraph
https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/islamic-state/11160906/Isil-carried-out-massacres-and-mass-sexual-enslavement-of-Yazidis-UN-confirms.html -
"Nearly 10,000 Yazidis killed, kidnapped by Islamic State in 2014, study finds"
https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-iraq-yazidis-idUSKBN18527I/ -
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Journal of Language and Social Psychology
https://ore.exeter.ac.uk/repository/bitstream/10871/37355/2/ConspiratorialNarratives_MainArticle_Resubmit_FINAL_CLEAN%20.pdf -
Religions
https://doi.org/10.3390%2Frel10080483 -
Anti-Shiism Discourse
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342697889 -
Religions
https://doi.org/10.3390%2Frel10080483 -
Discourse
https://www.magiran.com/paper/1713990 -
Sada
https://carnegieendowment.org/sada/?fa=60799&lang=en -
ABC News
https://web.archive.org/web/20220305132754/https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/mosque-bombed-northwest-pakistan-30-killed-83248297 -
The Daily Beast
https://www.thedailybeast.com/isis-fanboy-xavier-pelkey-of-waterville-maine-plotted-spring-break-attack-on-chicago-shia-mosque-feds-say -
-
Fikra Forum
https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/fikraforum/view/from-cairo-to-berlin-why-is-isis-targeting-christians -
"Here Are The Parts Of The Quran That ISIS Uses To Justify Violence Against Iraqi Christians"
https://www.businessinsider.com/isis-uses-these-parts-in-quran-to-justify-anti-christian-violence-2014-7 -
Voice PK
https://voicepk.net/2023/04/daesh-lay-claim-to-target-killing-of-christian-sikh-men-in-peshawar/ -
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The Guardian
https://web.archive.org/web/20220305134156/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/feb/21/isis-claim-responsibility-killing-hindu-priest-bangladesh -
Firstpost
https://web.archive.org/web/20220305134909/https://www.firstpost.com/world/hindus-need-to-be-targeted-in-mass-numbers-in-india-says-militant-in-islamic-state-magazine-2729056.html -
One India
https://web.archive.org/web/20220311112721/https://www.oneindia.com/india/isis-threatens-rid-india-hindus-latest-issue-its-magazine-2070059.html?story=1 -
The Times of India
https://web.archive.org/web/20221121091910/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/south-asia/gunmen-attack-sikh-religious-gathering-in-kabul-killing-4/articleshow/74804271.cms -
Hindustan Times
https://www.hindustantimes.com/videos/news/isis-threatens-india-hindus-with-bloodshed-claims-role-in-coimbatore-mangaluru-blasts-101678136712471.html -
CTV News
https://www.ctvnews.ca/world/isis-claims-attack-on-sikhs-hindus-in-afghanistan-1.3997293 -
-
"Anti-Gay Rhetoric in English-Language ISIS and Al Qaeda Magazines"
https://www.adl.org/blog/anti-gay-rhetoric-in-english-language-isis-and-al-qaeda-magazines -
Counter Extremism Project
https://www.counterextremism.com/content/isis-persecution-gay-people -
The Washington Post
https://web.archive.org/web/20201217131006/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2016/06/13/the-islamic-states-shocking-war-on-homosexuals/ -
Vice
https://web.archive.org/web/20201108141201/https://www.vice.com/en/article/vdbke8/what-isis-is-saying-about-the-orlando-shooter -
Global News
https://web.archive.org/web/20201219033530/https://globalnews.ca/news/2184492/isis-targets-gay-people-using-facebook-and-phone-contacts-iraqi-refugee-tells-un/ -
CBS News
https://web.archive.org/web/20220311111716/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/isis-persecution-gay-men-murder-lgbt-muslim-society/ -
CNN
https://web.archive.org/web/20220311112157/https://www.cnn.com/2015/03/05/middleeast/isis-lgbt-persecution/ -
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"Under Attack, ISIS Threatens Jews and Israel"
https://web.archive.org/web/20220321134124/https://www.adl.org/blog/under-attack-isis-threatens-jews-and-israel -
"Under Attack, ISIS Threatens Jews and Israel"
https://web.archive.org/web/20220321134124/https://www.adl.org/blog/under-attack-isis-threatens-jews-and-israel -
"ISIS Promotes Murdering Jews in New Online Campaign"
https://web.archive.org/web/20201023103947/https://www.adl.org/blog/isis-promotes-murdering-jews-in-new-online-campaign -
The Jerusalem Post
https://www.jpost.com/Breaking-News/ISIS-We-need-to-conquer-Israeli-settlements-start-targeting-Jews-615535 -
The Jerusalem Post
https://www.jpost.com/Middle-East/Watch-ISIS-threatens-Jews-Israel-with-big-war-in-second-Hebrew-video-431753 -
Jewish Telegraph Agency
https://www.jta.org/2023/02/06/global/turkey-arrests-isis-members-allegedly-targeting-istanbul-synagogues -
Haaretz
https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2022-10-02/ty-article/.highlight/isis-sympathizers-suspected-of-bomb-plot-in-northern-israeli-high-school-arrested/00000183-97cc-d7ae-afe7-dfef23260000 -
Reuters
https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-israel-palestinians-plan-militants-idUKKBN1ZQ1O5 -
Business Insider
https://www.businessinsider.com/isis-plans-attacks-on-jewish-children-in-turkey-2016-3 -
Wionews
https://www.wionews.com/india-news/isis-suspects-planned-attacks-on-jews-in-mumbai-gujarat-ats--131749 -
Newsweek
https://www.newsweek.com/isis-suicide-bombers-brussels-airport-targeted-us-airline-jews-547371 -
Vice News
https://www.vice.com/en/article/islamic-state-unleashes-propaganda-blitz-calling-for-attacks-against-jews/ -
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The Atlantic
https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2017/09/isis-female-suicide-bomber/539172/ -
Rolling Stone
https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-features/why-manchester-bomber-targeted-girls-127591/ -
The Guardian
https://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/aug/01/girl-who-beat-isis-my-story-farida-khalaf-andrea-c-hoffmann -
Time
https://time.com/4138377/women-in-isis/ -
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United Nations
https://undocs.org/Home/Mobile?FinalSymbol=S%2F2024%2F556&Language=E&DeviceType=Desktop&LangRequested=False -
United Nations Security Council
https://www.un.org/sc/ctc/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/N1901937_EN.pdf -
"Operation Inherent Resolve and other overseas contingency operations"
https://media.defense.gov/2019/Feb/05/2002086500/-1/-1/1/FY2019_LIG_OIRREPORT.PDF -
The Independent
https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/war-with-isis-islamic-militants-have-army-of-200000-claims-kurdish-leader-9863418.html -
"How many Fighters Does the Islamic State Really Have?"
https://warontherocks.com/2015/02/how-many-fighters-does-the-islamic-state-really-have -
"Saddam's former army is secret of Baghdadi's success"
https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-baghdadi-insight-idUSKBN0OW1VN20150616 -
state.gov
https://web.archive.org/web/20190507104644/https://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2019/03/290654.htm -
U.S. News & World Report
https://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2017-12-27/isis-by-the-numbers-in-2017 -
"Rolling Back the Islamic State"
https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR1912.html -
"After Shekau: Confronting Jihadists in Nigeria's North East"
https://www.crisisgroup.org/africa/west-africa/nigeria/after-shekau-confronting-jihadists-nigerias-north-east -
Global Operations
http://www.defence.gov.au/Operations/Okra/default.asp -
National Defence and the Canadian Armed Forces
http://www.forces.gc.ca/en/operations-abroad-current/op-impact.page -
The Jerusalem Post
https://www.jpost.com/arab-israeli-conflict/iaf-killed-7-militans-in-overnight-strikes-in-syrian-golan-heights-564016 -
The Independent
https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/isis-israel-fight-clash-first-time-syria-golan-heights-a7441866.html -
The Times of Israel
https://www.timesofisrael.com/minister-arab-israeli-terrorists-in-hadera-shooting-affiliated-to-islamic-state/ -
El País
https://elpais.com/internacional/2015/11/25/mexico/1448469984_093088.html -
"Algeria a 'symbolic target' for ISIL"
https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/12/algeria-symbolic-target-isil-151224080709968.html -
Vocativ
https://web.archive.org/web/20201009130121/https://www.vocativ.com/tech/internet/cyclops-baby-muslim-antichrist-much/index.html -
"Bosnia donates 550 tonnes of arms to Iraq, more may follow: minister"
https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-iraq-bosnia-idUSKBN0MC1EJ20150316 -
The New York Times
https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/02/world/americas/rio-de-janeiro-olympics-terrorism-brazil.html -
The Independent
https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/isis-china-threaten-terror-attack-muslim-islamist-group-islamic-state-a7606211.html -
Africanews
https://www.africanews.com/2019/09/23/ethiopia-army-arrests-islamic-state-members-recruiting-arming-locals/ -
"Country Reports on Terrorism 2020"
https://www.state.gov/reports/country-reports-on-terrorism-2020/ -
Financial Times
https://www.ft.com/content/1c929f90-3e6b-11e9-9bee-efab61506f44 -
Greekreporter.com
http://greece.greekreporter.com/2014/09/25/greece-brings-war-against-the-islamic-state/ -
Corriere della Sera
http://www.corriere.it/esteri/15_ottobre_05/italia-bombardera-l-isis-iraq-61fd0934-6ba2-11e5-9423-d78dd1862fd7.shtml -
"Kazakhstan evacuates citizens from Syria, arrests some"
https://eurasianet.org/kazakhstan-evacuates-citizens-from-syria-arrests-some -
The Guardian
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jan/14/isis-hackers-north-korean-airline-facebook -
"Kyrgyzstan Bans IS, Designates It as Terror Group"
http://www.rferl.org/content/kyrgyzstan-bans-islamic-state/26920328.html -
The Guardian
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/jul/20/malaysia-launches-crackdown-on-isis-after-threats-to-kill-the-king-and-prime-minister -
World Politics Review
https://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/23693/trouble-in-paradise-mauritius-tries-to-ward-off-islamist-radicalization -
"Islamic State group: Nicaragua arrests four suspected members"
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-48773780 -
Homeland Security Today
https://www.hstoday.us/subject-matter-areas/terrorism-study/barcelona-terror-alert-coincides-with-new-spanish-language-isis-threats/ -
The Independent
https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/sri-lanka-bombings-isis-terror-church-attack-easter-islamic-state-a8882231.html -
The New York Times
https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/31/world/asia/isis-tajikistan-video-attack.html -
Wide Open Spaces
https://www.wideopenspaces.com/president-of-turkmenistans-anti-isis-propaganda-video/ -
"Uganda school attack: Dozens of pupils killed by militants linked to Islamic State group"
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-65937484 -
Al Shahid Witness
https://web.archive.org/web/20201029050538/https://alshahidwitness.com/uzbekistan-isis-repatriation-women-children/ -
Extremism Watch
https://www.voanews.com/extremism-watch/who-are-turkey-backed-syrian-rebels -
Violent Non-State Actors: From Anarchists to Jihadists
https://books.google.com/books?id=hq1TDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA110 -
"Combat footage: Iraqi forces battle ISIS in east Syria"
https://web.archive.org/web/20190605181414/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/combat-footage-iraqi-forces-battle-isis-east-syria/ -
Military.com
http://www.military.com/video/operations-and-strategy/terrorism/badr-organization-destroys-isis-car-bomb/4277703242001 -
Military Times
https://www.militarytimes.com/news/your-military/2015/06/10/al-qaida-linked-militants-attack-is-affiliate-in-libya/ -
Iraq Today
http://iraqtoday.com/ar/news/7955/الحشد_الشعبي_يوسع_نطاق_متابعة_فلول_داعش_الى_محافظة_حمص_السورية -
Al-Monitor
https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2018/04/shirqat-police-pmu-iraq.html -
Al-Masdar News
https://web.archive.org/web/20160402215027/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/irgc-soldiers-arrive-palmyra-help-liberate-city/ -
IraqNewspaper.net
https://iraqnewspaper.net/ar/التعرف-جثة-امر-لواء-زينبيون-الايرا/ -
akhbaralaan.net
https://www.akhbaralaan.net/news/arab-world/2014/09/27/isis-relief-south-damascus-break-siege-syria -
DamPress.net
https://www.dampress.net/?page=show_det&category_id=12&id=49947&lang=ar -
The World Post
https://www.huffingtonpost.com/steven-hassan/isis-is-a-cult-that-uses-_b_6023890.html -
The Guardian
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jan/25/inside-isis-training-camps -
"Saudi Arabia forms Islamic coalition against ISIS"
https://edition.cnn.com/2015/12/14/middleeast/islamic-coalition-isis-saudi-arabia/index.html -
The New York Review of Books
http://www.nybooks.com/articles/2015/02/05/how-isis-rules/ -
ISIS: A History
https://books.google.com/books?id=tXptDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA21 -
Al-Masdar News
https://web.archive.org/web/20200407154759/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/isis-far-from-defeated-in-syria-2019-outlook-maps/ -
"US-Led Allies Finishing Off 'Caliphate'"
https://www.voanews.com/a/us-led-allies-finishing-off-caliphate-/4809186.html -
ISW, Critical Threats
https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/salafi-jihadi-movement-weekly-update-may-17-2023 -
Crisis Group 2024, pp. 2, 6.
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Al Arabiya
https://web.archive.org/web/20221005221604/https://english.alarabiya.net/News/middle-east/2013/04/09/Al-Qaeda-in-Iraq-confirms-Syria-s-Nusra-Front-is-part-of-its-network -
Politico
https://web.archive.org/web/20230119010037/https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2014/06/al-qaeda-iraq-syria-108214/ -
Long War Journal
http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2014/06/isis_announces_formation_of_ca.php -
The Independent
https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/isis-declares-new-islamic-state-in-middle-east-with-abu-bakr-albaghdadi-as-emir-removing-iraq-and-syria-from-its-name-9571374.html -
"What is Islamic State?"
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-29052144 -
Airstrikes in Iraq and Syria
https://web.archive.org/web/20150816014249/http://www.defense.gov/News/Special-Reports/0814_Inherent-Resolve -
The Straits Times
https://www.straitstimes.com/world/middle-east/once-promised-paradise-isis-fighters-end-up-in-mass-graves -
"42 months of Russian operations on the Syrian territory kill more than 8000 civilians including more than 18150 people in their raids and shelling"
http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=122585 -
"Institute for the Study of War"
https://web.archive.org/web/20220325065358/https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-march-24 -
"Isis, Isil, IS or Daesh? One group, many names"
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https://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/isis-uncovered/isis-richest-terror-group-world-n326781 -
The Washington Post
https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2014/06/12/isis-just-stole-425-million-and-became-the-worlds-richest-terrorist-group -
"U.S. Official Doubts ISIS Mosul Bank Heist Windfall"
http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/iraq-turmoil/u-s-official-doubts-isis-mosul-bank-heist-windfall-n139846 -
Financial Times
https://www.ft.com/content/0378d4f4-0c28-11e4-9080-00144feabdc0 -
"Lafarge pleads guilty to U.S. charge of supporting Islamic State, to pay $778 million"
https://www.reuters.com/legal/french-cement-maker-lafarge-plead-guilty-us-charges-supporting-islamic-state-2022-10-18/ -
The Guardian
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/nov/14/isis-gold-silver-copper-islamic-dinar-coins -
The Independent
https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/isis-attempt-to-topple-us-economy-with-own-currency-failing-as-reliance-on-american-dollars-a6952566.html -
Foreign Affairs
https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/syria/2017-10-13/inside-isis-dysfunctional-schools -
Education in Mosul under the Islamic State (ISIS) 2015–2016
https://www.campaignforeducation.org/docs/reports/ISIS%20in%20Iraq_2015%20-%202016%20Education%20in%20Mosul_English_FINAL.pdf -
Research Notes
https://web.archive.org/web/20150220221134/http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/uploads/Documents/pubs/ResearchNote_20_Zelin.pdf -
"Zarqawi Letter"
https://2001-2009.state.gov/p/nea/rls/31694.htm -
"Al-Qaida offshoot in fierce offensive, carves out territory across Syria and Iraq"
https://www.jpost.com/Middle-East/Al-Qaida-offshoot-in-fierce-offensive-carves-out-territory-across-Syria-and-Iraq-355874 -
Gulf News
http://gulfnews.com/news/region/iraq/al-nusra-pledges-allegiance-to-isil-1.1352029 -
U.S. Conflicts in the 21st Century (Volume 1)
-
"John Kerry holds talks in Iraq as more cities fall to ISIS militants"
http://www.cnn.com/2014/06/23/world/meast/iraq-crisis/ -
The New York Times
https://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/11/world/middleeast/militants-in-mosul.html -
The New York Times
https://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/04/world/middleeast/iraq.html -
"The War between ISIS and al-Qaeda for Supremacy of the Global Jihadist Movement"
https://web.archive.org/web/20150220221134/http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/uploads/Documents/pubs/ResearchNote_20_Zelin.pdf -
Wayback Machine
https://web.archive.org/web/20150402215751/http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2005/03/exodus_and_asce.php -
CBC News
https://www.cbc.ca/news2/background/osamabinladen/alzarqawi-lifeandtimes.html -
Council on Foreign Relations
https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/profile-abu-musab-al-zarqawi -
FRONTLINE
https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/article/colin-powell-u-n-speech-was-a-great-intelligence-failure/ -
FROM AL-QAIDA AFFILIATE TO THE RISE OF THE ISLAMIC CALIPHATE: THE EVOLUTION OF THE ISLAMIC STATE OF IRAQ AND SYRIA (ISIS)
https://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep05858?seq=3 -
"ISIS Governance in Syria"
https://web.archive.org/web/20190412064408/http://www.understandingwar.org/sites/default/files/ISIS_Governance.pdf -
"Exclusive: In turf war with Afghan Taliban, Islamic State loyalists gain ground"
https://www.reuters.com/article/us-afghanistan-islamic-state-idUSKCN0P91EN20150629 -
"Islamic State moves in on al-Qaeda turf"
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-31064300 -
The Long War Journal
http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2016/10/islamic-state-in-somalia-claims-capture-of-port-town.php -
CTC Sentinel
https://web.archive.org/web/20171009215354/https://ctc.usma.edu/posts/how-bangladesh-became-fertile-ground-for-al-qaida-and-the-islamic-state -
Jihadist Threat
https://ent.siteintelgroup.com/Jihadist-Threat-Southeast-Asia/is-aligned-myanmarese-group-calls-on-muslims-to-join-armed-jihad.html -
Jihadist Threat
https://ent.siteintelgroup.com/Jihadist-Threat-Southeast-Asia/is-supporter-shares-alleged-video-of-soldiers-of-the-caliphate-in-thailand.html -
The Long War Journal
http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2016/06/islamic-state-officially-creates-province-in-the-philippines.php -
War on the Rocks
http://warontherocks.com/2016/07/has-the-islamic-state-abandoned-its-provincial-model-in-the-philippines/ -
Al Akhbar
https://web.archive.org/web/20140824121659/http://english.al-akhbar.com/node/21234 -
"Although they have been besieged by Russia, Iran, and the regime for two years, thousands of ISIS members are still within an area of 4,000 km2 without any intention to launch a military operation against them"
http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=117051 -
Daily Maverick
https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2020-08-12-mocimboa-da-praia-islamic-state-insurgents-recapture-strategic-port-town/ -
Premium Times
https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/462774-boko-haram-leader-shekau-dead-as-iswap-fighters-capture-sambisa-forest-report.html -
Jihadist Threat
https://ent.siteintelgroup.com/Jihadist-Threat-Southeast-Asia/is-supporters-urge-establishment-of-new-provinces-in-indonesia.html -
"Islamist militants in Mali kill hundreds, displace thousands in eastern advance"
https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/islamist-militants-mali-kill-hundreds-displace-thousands-eastern-advance-2022-10-14/ -
"Secretary-General's remarks to Security Council High-Level Summit on Foreign Terrorist Fighters"
https://www.un.org/sg/statements/index.asp?nid=8040 -
Public Health Reviews
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6196410 -
""They're delusional": Rivals ridicule ISIS declaration of Islamic state"
http://www.cbsnews.com/news/theyre-delusional-rivals-ridicule-isis-declaration-of-islamic-state -
New Statesman
http://www.newstatesman.com/world-affairs/2015/03/mehdi-hasan-how-islamic-islamic-state -
Al-Yaqoubi (2015), pp. xvii–xviii.
-
The Globe and Mail
https://www.theglobeandmail.com/globe-debate/another-battle-with-islams-true-believers/article20802390/ -
Al-Yaqoubi (2015), pp. xvii–xviii, see also p.8.
-
The Economist
https://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21615634-sunni-religious-authorities-turn-against-islamic-state-slow-backlash -
Al-Yaqoubi (2015), pp. 75–80.
-
binbaz.org.sa
https://web.archive.org/web/20200513144801/https://binbaz.org.sa/fatwas/25668/%D9%85%D9%86-%D9%87%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AC -
"Saudi Arabia's Grand Mufti denounces Islamic State group as un-Islamic"
https://web.archive.org/web/20140827113133/http://blogs.reuters.com/faithworld/2014/08/25/saudi-arabias-grand-mufti-denounces-islamic-state-group-as-un-islamic/ -
Muslim Matters
http://muslimmatters.org/2014/10/01/muslim-scholars-letter-to-al-baghdadi-of-isis-or-isil-a-missed-opportunity/ -
HuffPost
https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/09/24/muslim-scholars-islamic-state_n_5878038.html -
"Open Letter to Al-Baghdadi"
https://web.archive.org/web/20140925193528/http://lettertobaghdadi.com/index.php -
The Independent
https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/isis-is-an-offence-to-islam-says-international-coalition-of-major-islamic-scholars-9756255.html -
VICE News
https://www.vice.com/en/article/dyp43v/who-was-isis-leader-abu-ibrahim-al-hashimi-al-qurayshi -
"Ethnic cleansing on a historic scale: The Islamic State's systematic targeting of minorities in northern Iraq"
https://web.archive.org/web/20150312220534/https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/8000/mde140112014en.pdf -
"'Gruesome evidence of ethnic cleansing' in Iraq"
https://p.dw.com/p/1D55h -
"Head of Egypt's al-Azhar condemns ISIS 'barbarity'"
http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2014/12/03/Head-of-Egypt-s-al-Azhar-condemns-ISIS-barbarity-.html -
Al Ahram Weekly
https://web.archive.org/web/20150915041756/http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/News/10157/17/In-search-of-%E2%80%98renewal%E2%80%99.aspx -
"Sheikh Al-Azhar Speech in opening of conference"
https://web.archive.org/web/20160119055307/http://en.themwl.org/sheikh-al-azhar-speech-opening-conference -
The Times of India
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/70000-clerics-issue-fatwa-against-terrorism-15-lakh-Muslims-support-it/articleshow/50100656.cms -
The Daily Telegraph
https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iraq/10948480/Islamic-State-leader-Abu-Bakr-al-Baghdadi-addresses-Muslims-in-Mosul.html -
"Al-Qaradawi: Rulers Of UAE And Daesh Leaders Are Two Sides Of The Same Coin"
https://web.archive.org/web/20200518085338/https://middleeastpress.com/english/al-qaradawi-rulers-of-uae-and-daesh-leaders-are-two-sides-of-the-same-coin/ -
Al-Yaqoubi (2015), p. 37.
-
The New Yorker
https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2015/06/08/battle-lines-jihad-creswell-and-haykel -
The New Yorker
https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2015/06/08/battle-lines-jihad-creswell-and-haykel -
International Business Times
http://www.ibtimes.com/thousands-french-muslims-protest-herve-gourdel-beheading-1695741 -
The World Post
https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/03/11/isis-propaganda-videos_n_6846688.html -
Al-Yaqoubi (2015), p. 19.
-
Ghosts of Aleppo (Full Length)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CiyyWiO-IKY -
Long War Journal
http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2015/10/al-qaeda-appears-moderate-compared-to-islamic-state-veteran-jihadist-says.php -
Syria Comment
http://www.joshualandis.com/blog/the-plight-of-syrias-druze-minority-and-u-s-options/ -
Mawtani
https://web.archive.org/web/20150219092526/http://mawtani.al-shorfa.com/en_GB/articles/iii/features/2015/02/13/feature-01 -
The Atlantic
https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2014/02/al-qaeda-cuts-ties-syrian-rebel-group/357686/ -
Long War Journal
http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2015/11/al-qaedas-chief-calls-for-unity-to-liberate-jerusalem.php -
ar:Uncover the Mask with Evidence and Confidence كشف القناع بالحجة ولإقناع داعش on YouTube
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6akQmuYyAT0 -
The Straits Times
https://web.archive.org/web/20150925084826/http://www.straitstimes.com/world/middle-east/number-of-isis-defectors-growing-disillusioned-with-killing-fellow-muslims-study -
"Defectors: ISIS is killing Muslims, not protecting them"
http://www.cnn.com/2015/09/21/opinions/isis-defectors-neumann-amanpour/index.html -
Syria Direct
https://web.archive.org/web/20151107043953/http://syriadirect.org/news/a-%E2%80%98disgraceful-reality%E2%80%99-islamic-state-spies-posing-as-defectors/ -
"Are we ISIS?"
https://politicaltheology.com/are-we-isis-ian-almond -
Le Monde Diplomatique
https://mondediplo.com/openpage/how-america-made-isis -
New Scientist
https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg22329851-500-in-our-world-beyond-nations-the-future-is-medieval -
"Al-Qaida Sanctions List"
https://web.archive.org/web/20140925062013/http://www.un.org/sc/committees/1267/AQList.htm -
"EU Terrorist Listing – An Overview about Listing and Delisting Procedures"
https://www.berghof-foundation.org/fileadmin/redaktion/Publications/Other_Resources/RLM_EU_Terrorist_Listing.pdf -
"Proscribed Terrorist Organisations, pp.13–15"
https://web.archive.org/web/20140815183741/https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/324603/20140627-List_of_Proscribed_organisations_WEBSITE_final.pdf -
"Foreign Terrorist Organizations"
https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/ct/rls/other/des/123085.htm -
"Listed terrorist organisations"
https://web.archive.org/web/20181224211729/https://www.nationalsecurity.gov.au/Listedterroristorganisations/Pages/default.aspx -
"Currently listed entities"
http://www.publicsafety.gc.ca/cnt/ntnl-scrt/cntr-trrrsm/lstd-ntts/crrnt-lstd-ntts-eng.aspx -
Arab News
https://www.arabnews.com/node/1239456/middle-east -
Daily Sabah
https://web.archive.org/web/20141013235839/http://www.dailysabah.com/columns/hilal_kaplan/2014/09/03/charging-turkey-for-isis -
"Saudi Arabia designates Muslim Brotherhood terrorist group"
https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-security-idUSBREA260SM20140307 -
Tempo
https://en.tempo.co/read/news/2014/08/02/055596766/BNPT-Declares-ISIS-a-Terrorist-Organization -
"List of terror groups published by United Arab Emirates"
https://web.archive.org/web/20150128055511/http://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/uae/government/list-of-terror-groups-published-by-uae-1.1413219 -
The Straits Times
https://web.archive.org/web/20140925112708/http://www.straitstimes.com/news/asia/south-east-asia/story/malaysia-designates-isis-terrorist-group-vows-tough-action-report-20 -
"The Federal Council adopts Ordinance banning the Islamic State Group and related organisations"
https://web.archive.org/web/20200811133438/https://www.vbs.admin.ch/content/vbs-internet/en/ueber-das-vbs/organisation-des-vbs/die-verwaltungseinheiten-des-vbs/-der-nachrichtendienst-des-bundes.detail.nsb.html/54773.html -
Daily News Egypt
https://web.archive.org/web/20141208210043/http://www.dailynewsegypt.com/2014/11/30/court-affirms-isis-terrorist-group-designation/ -
"Banned Organisations"
https://web.archive.org/web/20150101163635/http://www.mha.nic.in/BO -
The Hindu
http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/indian-government-bans-islamic-state-terror-organisation/article6698369.ece -
"Russia calls on all states to put Islamic State, Jabhat al-Nusra on terrorist lists"
https://web.archive.org/web/20150724072138/http://tass.ru/en/world/769912 -
"Kyrgyzstan Bans IS, Designates It As Terror Group"
http://www.rferl.org/content/kyrgyzstan-bans-islamic-state/26920328.html -
Terrorism (Suppression of Financing) Act (Cap. 325), item 1 of First Schedule
https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/TSFA2002 -
"Syria condemns terrorist acts in Iraq, expresses solidarity with Iraqi government, army and people"
http://www.sana.sy/en/?p=2988 -
"Jordan launches airstrikes against ISIS"
https://web.archive.org/web/20151019064818/http://www.news.com.au/world/middle-east/jordan-continues-their-revenge-on-isis-carrying-out-airstrikes-against-the-terror-group/story-fnh81ifq-1227209129504 -
Iran Daily
http://www.iran-daily.com/News/115766.html -
Trinidad and Tobago Guardian
https://web.archive.org/web/20220415045128/http://www.guardian.co.tt/life-lead/2017-08-05/%E2%80%98no-room-terrorists%E2%80%99 -
The Express Tribune
http://tribune.com.pk/story/946859/banned-organisations-is-listed-among-proscribed-outfits/ -
Yahoo!ニュース
https://news.yahoo.co.jp/expert/articles/575563e7bb3f0a726e43503c27de832e25244d19 -
国際テロ組織 世界のテロ組織等の概要・動向 – 国際テロリズム要覧（Web版） – 公安調査庁
http://www.moj.go.jp/psia/ITH/organizations/index.html -
蘋果日報
http://www.appledaily.com.tw/appledaily/article/headline/20151126/36920202/ -
"Xi Jinping's speech on the event of a Chinese citizen being killed by terrorist organization"
https://web.archive.org/web/20161221030351/http://www.mfa.gov.cn/web/zyxw/t1316327.shtml -
"Desde la @AsambleaVE hemos declarado a la disidencia de las FARC, ELN, Hamas, Hezbollah e ISIS como grupos terroristas, ordenándoles a todos los cuerpos de seguridad del Estado proteger nuestra soberanía e integridad territorial frente a la amenaza que representan estos grupos"
https://x.com/jguaido/status/1169247448147091457 -
"Operation Pacific Eagle–Philippines Lead Inspector General Report To The United States Congress"
https://web.archive.org/web/20220321135424/https://media.defense.gov/2020/Aug/11/2002474708/-1/-1/1/LEAD%20INSPECTOR%20GENERAL%20FOR%20OPERATION%20PACIFIC%20EAGLE-PHILIPPINES%20APRIL%201,%202020%20-%20JUNE%2030,%202020.PDF -
GMA News
https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/news/nation/769464/atc-labels-cpp-npa-is-east-asia-terrorist-organizations/story/ -
The Washington Post
https://web.archive.org/web/20161118100949/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/azerbaijan-jails-7-who-joined-militants-in-syria-iraq/2016/11/16/90f30df4-ac44-11e6-8f19-21a1c65d2043_story.html -
"Bahrain Terrorist List (Individuals – Entities)"
https://www.mofa.gov.bh/Default.aspx?tabid=12342&language=en-US -
Middle East Monitor
https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20160107-5-kuwaitis-acquitted-of-funding-daesh-al-nusra-front/ -
"The list of terrorists and extremists"
https://nbt.tj/en/financial_monitoring/perechni.php -
"The list of prohibited foreign organizations in Kazakhstan"
https://egov.kz/cms/en/articles/religion/zaprewennye_ordanizacii -
"Taliban labels Islamic State affiliate a 'false sect'"
https://www.cnn.com/2022/07/03/middleeast/taliban-isis-k-seditious-sect-afghanistan-intl-hnk/index.html -
"Resolution 1267 (1999) Adopted by the Security Council at its 4051st meeting on 15 October 1999"
http://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?docid=3b00f2298 -
The New York Times
https://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/13/world/europe/germany-bans-support-of-isis.html -
Sixth Sense
https://web.archive.org/web/20150103205324/http://www.sixth-sense-newspaper.de/german-news/1943-isil-banned-in-germany -
"Drucksache 18/759"
http://dipbt.bundestag.de/doc/btd/18/007/1800759.pdf -
Emory International Law Review
https://scholarlycommons.law.emory.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1146&context=eilr#page=8 -
International Business Times
http://www.ibtimes.com/india-bans-isis-after-government-raises-concerns-over-groups-online-presence-1759516 -
"ISIS: The first terror group to build an Islamic state?"
https://edition.cnn.com/2014/06/12/world/meast/who-is-the-isis/ -
United States Department of State
https://2021-2025.state.gov/terrorist-designation-of-isis-general-directorate-of-provinces-leaders/ -
Time
https://time.com/2859454/iraq-tikrit-isis-baghdad-mosul/ -
The New York Times
https://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/11/world/middleeast/struggling-to-gauge-isis-threat-even-as-us-prepares-to-act.html -
The Guardian
https://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/jul/24/how-to-think-about-islamic-state -
"National Security Presidential Memorandum no. 3"
https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2017-02-02/pdf/2017-02386.pdf -
The Guardian
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/may/26/islamist-fighters-drawn-from-half-the-worlds-countries-says-un -
The Guardian
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/nov/28/support-isis-stronger-arabic-social-media-europe-us-than-syria -
"Views of ISIS Overwhelmingly Negative"
https://web.archive.org/web/20230410174631/https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2015/11/17/in-nations-with-significant-muslim-populations-much-disdain-for-isis/ft_15-11-17_isis_views/ -
"Concerns about Islamic Extremism on the Rise in Middle East"
https://www.pewglobal.org/2014/07/01/concerns-about-islamic-extremism-on-the-rise-in-middle-east/ -
"Teenage Terrorists and the Digital Ecosystem of the Islamic State"
https://ctc.westpoint.edu/teenage-terrorists-and-the-digital-ecosystem-of-the-islamic-state/ -
PBS
https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/prisons-holding-isis-members-in-syria-a-breeding-ground-for-radicalization-officials-say -
Politico
https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2023/03/27/isis-syria-iran-00088783 -
NBC News
https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/isis-islamic-state-syria-prisons-al-hol-camp-trump-assad-hts-rcna188710 -
Gulf News
http://gulfnews.com/news/region/iraq/coalition-commanders-seek-plan-to-counter-daesh-advance-1.1398681 -
"Joint Statement Issued by Partners at the Counter-ISIL Coalition Ministerial Meeting"
https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2014/12/234627.htm -
"Special Report: Operation Inherent Resolve"
https://web.archive.org/web/20170628034916/https://www.defense.gov/OIR/ -
Special Reports: Operation Inherent Resolve
https://web.archive.org/web/20170331011424/http://www.defense.gov/News/Special-Reports/0814_Inherent-Resolve -
The Washington Post
https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/civilian-deaths-tripled-in-us-led-campaign-during-2017-watchdog-alleges/2018/01/18/ccfae298-fc6d-11e7-a46b-a3614530bd87_story.html -
"Lebanese army slowly crushing extremists near Syria border"
https://apnews.com/74bea1db221842059615bb1cad15a23c -
GardaWorld
https://www.garda.com/crisis24/news-alerts/299051/mali-french-forces-kill-33-islamist-militants-in-mali-december-21 -
"Iran's elite Guards fighting in Iraq to push back Islamic State"
https://www.reuters.com/article/iraq-security-iran-idINL6N0Q73ZU20140803 -
"Russia Tells Iraq It's 'Ready' to Support Fight Against ISIS"
http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/isis-terror/russia-tells-iraq-its-ready-support-fight-against-isis-n212136 -
The Daily Star
https://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2015/Aug-02/309357-russia-kills-8-isis-militants-in-caucasus-raid.ashx -
"Russia launches first airstrikes in Syria"
https://edition.cnn.com/2015/09/30/politics/russia-syria-airstrikes-isis/ -
EurasiaNet.org
http://www.eurasianet.org/node/70141 -
The Express Tribune
http://tribune.com.pk/story/825178/secuirty-forces-arrest-local-islamic-state-commander-in-lahore-sources/ -
Al Masalah
https://web.archive.org/web/20190530094149/http://almasalah.com/ar/news/144265/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B4-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B7%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%AC%D8%A8%D9%84-%D9%86%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%8A -
Al-Manar News
https://web.archive.org/web/20160119055307/http://www.almanar.com.lb/english/adetails.php?fromval=1&cid=23&frid=23&eid=186129 -
"ISIS gaining ground in Yemen, competing with al Qaeda"
https://edition.cnn.com/2015/01/21/politics/isis-gaining-ground-in-yemen/ -
Long War Journal
http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2015/07/al-qaeda-in-the-islamic-maghreb-backs-jihadists-fighting-islamic-state-in-derna-libya.php -
Voice of America News
https://www.voanews.com/a/somalia-suspected-leader-of-pro-islamic-state-al-shabab-faction-reported-killed/3069114.html -
The Seattle Times
http://seattletimes.com/html/nationworld/2025445123_apxafghanistanislamicstate.html -
"ISIL warns Hamas in video message"
http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/07/isil-warns-hamas-video-message-150701042302630.html -
Al Akhbar
https://web.archive.org/web/20140707040428/http://english.al-akhbar.com/content/hezbollah-fighters-and-jihadis-mad-drugged-homicidal-and-hungry -
"Islamic State leader urges attacks in Saudi Arabia: speech"
https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-baghdadi-idUSKCN0IX1Y120141113 -
"PKK forces impress in fight against Islamic State"
https://web.archive.org/web/20141006140026/http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2014/09/pkk-kurdish-fight-islamic-state.html -
Al Masdar News
https://web.archive.org/web/20180718002956/https://mobile.almasdarnews.com/article/assyrians-fight-back-iraq-badanah-village-liberated-isis/ -
alarabi.press
https://alarabi.press/داعش-يقطع-رأس-شخصان-منتسبان-لـ-حركة/ -
aymennjawad.org
http://www.aymennjawad.org/2017/08/suqur-al-furat-a-new-pro-assad-tribal-militia -
Al-Masdar News
https://web.archive.org/web/20180617051030/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/breaking-syrian-army-reopens-the-ithriyah-salamiyah-road-in-east-hama-after-defeating-isis/ -
Wattan.net
https://web.archive.org/web/20200822113731/https://www.wattan.net/ar/news/140904.html -
The New Arab
https://web.archive.org/web/20200822114124/https://english.alaraby.co.uk//flashnews/2017/3/22/%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AA%D9%84-%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%AF-%D9%85%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9 -
raialyoum.com
https://web.archive.org/web/20180702084731/https://www.raialyoum.com/index.php/%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AA%D9%84-%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9/ -
إذاعة العراق الحر
https://www.iraqhurr.org/a/27069160.html -
kassioun.org
https://kassioun.org/reports-and-opinions/item/7968-2014-05-28-08-56-11 -
al-akhbar.com
https://al-akhbar.com/Syria/22127 -
"قائد "فتح حلب": أوقفنا تقدم داعش وانتقلنا لمرحلة الهجوم"
https://www.aa.com.tr/ar/دولي/قائد-فتح-حلب-أوقفنا-تقدم-داعش-وانتقلنا-لمرحلة-الهجوم/40420 -
The New Arab
https://www.alaraby.co.uk/%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B6%D8%A9-%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%AF%D9%91-%D9%87%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8B-%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%8B-%D9%84%D9%80%22%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B4%22-%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%AD%D9%84%D8%A8-0 -
"More reinforcements pour into Palmyra as the Syrian Army prepares to storm the city"
https://web.archive.org/web/20160323011328/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/reinforcements-pour-palmyra-syrian-army-prepares-storm-city/ -
islamist-movements.com
https://www.islamist-movements.com/25617 -
Long War Journal
http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2013/06/suicide_bombers_kill_14_in_dam.php -
The Telegraph
https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/syria/10067318/Syria-Jabhat-al-Nusra-split-after-leaders-pledge-of-support-for-al-Qaeda.html -
The Washington Post
https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/al-qaeda-disavows-any-ties-with-radical-islamist-isis-group-in-syria-iraq/2014/02/03/2c9afc3a-8cef-11e3-98ab-fe5228217bd1_story.html -
The Telegraph
https://web.archive.org/web/20180621200756/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/islamic-state/11230622/How-would-a-deal-between-al-Qaeda-and-Isil-change-Syrias-civil-war.html -
Quartz
http://qz.com/324909/isil-and-al-qaeda-terrors-frenemies/ -
Yahoo! News
https://news.yahoo.com/al-qaeda-leader-al-zawahiri-declares-war-isis-151231254--abc-news-topstories.html -
"Al Qaeda calls Islamic State illegitimate but suggests cooperation"
https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-zawahri-idUSKCN0R91LY20150909 -
"ISIS accused of crimes against humanity"
http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/2014/11/14/ISIS-commits-crimes-against-humanity-in-Syria.html -
"ISIS"
https://www.hrw.org/tag/isis -
The Daily Star
http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2014/Nov-14/277641-un-probe-isis-committing-crimes-against-humanity-in-syria.ashx -
"Iraq: Women Suffer Under ISIS"
https://www.hrw.org/news/2015/04/14/iraq-isis-escapees-describe-systematic-rape -
""They Treated Us in Monstrous Ways""
https://www.hrw.org/report/2020/07/29/they-treated-us-monstrous-ways/sexual-violence-against-men-boys-and-transgender -
"Video shows Islamic State executes scores of Syrian soldiers"
https://www.reuters.com/article/us-syria-crisis-idUSKBN0GS10O20140828 -
"Libya: Extremists Terrorizing Derna Residents"
https://www.hrw.org/news/2014/11/27/libya-extremists-terrorizing-derna-residents -
The New Arab
https://www.newarab.com/opinion/beheads-syrian-captives-human-eid-sacrifice -
"Kitab Al-Adahi (Book of Sacrifices)"
https://www.iium.edu.my/deed/hadith/muslim/022_smt.html#:~:text=The%20opening%20verse%20%22For%20every,has%20never%20given%20it%20sanction. -
"UN 'may include' Isis on Syrian war crimes list"
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-28498661 -
Iraq Body Count database, accessed 14 October 2023.
https://www.iraqbodycount.org/database
