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Islam in the United States

Updated: Wikipedia source

Islam in the United States

Islam is the third-largest religion in the United States (1.34%) after Christianity (67%) and Judaism (2.4%). The 2020 United States Religion Census estimates that there are about 4,453,908 Muslim Americans of all ages living in the United States in 2020, making up 1.34% of the total U.S. population. In 2017, twenty states, mostly in the South and Midwest, reported Islam to be the largest non-Christian religion. The first Muslims to arrive in America were enslaved people from West Africa (such as Omar ibn Said and Ayuba Suleiman Diallo). During the Atlantic slave trade, an estimated 10 to 30 percent of the slaves brought to colonial America from Africa were Muslims, however Islam was suppressed on plantations and the majority were forced to convert to Christianity. Nearly all enslaved Muslims and their descendants converted to Christianity during the 18th and 19th centuries, though the Black power movement of the 20th century would later influence the revival of Islam among descendants of slaves. Prior to the late 19th century, the vast majority of documented Muslims in North America were merchants, travelers, and sailors. From the 1880s to 1914, several thousand Muslims immigrated to the United States from the former territories of the Ottoman Empire and British India. The Muslim population of the U.S. increased dramatically in the second half of the 20th century due to the passage of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965, which abolished previous immigration quotas. About 72 percent of American Muslims are "second generation". In 2005, more people from Muslim-majority countries became legal permanent United States residents—nearly 96,000—than there had been in any other year in the previous two decades. In 2009, more than 115,000 Muslims became legal residents of the United States. American Muslims come from various backgrounds and, according to a 2009 Gallup poll, are one of the most racially diverse religious groups in the United States. According to a 2017 study done by the Institute for Social Policy, "American Muslims are the only faith community surveyed with no majority race, with 26 percent white, 18 percent Asian, 18 percent Arab, 9 percent black, 7 percent mixed race, and 5 percent Hispanic". The Pew Research Center estimates about 73% of American Muslims are Sunni and 16% are Shia; the remainder identify with neither group, and include movements such as the Nation of Islam, Ahmadiyya, or non-denominational Muslims. Conversion to Islam in large cities and in prisons have also contributed to its growth over the years.

Tables

United States
United States
State
United States
Muslim (estimate)
4,453,908
Percent Muslim (estimate)
1.34%
Illinois
Illinois
State
Illinois
Muslim (estimate)
473,792
Percent Muslim (estimate)
3.70%
New York
New York
State
New York
Muslim (estimate)
724,475
Percent Muslim (estimate)
3.59%
New Jersey
New Jersey
State
New Jersey
Muslim (estimate)
321,652
Percent Muslim (estimate)
3.46%
Maryland
Maryland
State
Maryland
Muslim (estimate)
188,914
Percent Muslim (estimate)
3.06%
Michigan
Michigan
State
Michigan
Muslim (estimate)
241,828
Percent Muslim (estimate)
2.40%
Minnesota
Minnesota
State
Minnesota
Muslim (estimate)
114,590
Percent Muslim (estimate)
2.01%
Virginia
Virginia
State
Virginia
Muslim (estimate)
169,371
Percent Muslim (estimate)
1.96%
Massachusetts
Massachusetts
State
Massachusetts
Muslim (estimate)
131,749
Percent Muslim (estimate)
1.87%
Arizona
Arizona
State
Arizona
Muslim (estimate)
109,765
Percent Muslim (estimate)
1.53%
California
California
State
California
Muslim (estimate)
504,056
Percent Muslim (estimate)
1.27%
North Carolina
North Carolina
State
North Carolina
Muslim (estimate)
130,661
Percent Muslim (estimate)
1.25%
Maine
Maine
State
Maine
Muslim (estimate)
16,894
Percent Muslim (estimate)
1.24%
Connecticut
Connecticut
State
Connecticut
Muslim (estimate)
43,905
Percent Muslim (estimate)
1.22%
Wisconsin
Wisconsin
State
Wisconsin
Muslim (estimate)
68,699
Percent Muslim (estimate)
1.17%
Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania
State
Pennsylvania
Muslim (estimate)
149,561
Percent Muslim (estimate)
1.15%
Georgia
Georgia
State
Georgia
Muslim (estimate)
123,652
Percent Muslim (estimate)
1.15%
District of Columbia
District of Columbia
State
District of Columbia
Muslim (estimate)
7,528
Percent Muslim (estimate)
1.09%
Texas
Texas
State
Texas
Muslim (estimate)
313,209
Percent Muslim (estimate)
1.07%
Ohio
Ohio
State
Ohio
Muslim (estimate)
120,077
Percent Muslim (estimate)
1.02%
Vermont
Vermont
State
Vermont
Muslim (estimate)
6,201
Percent Muslim (estimate)
0.96%
Missouri
Missouri
State
Missouri
Muslim (estimate)
53,443
Percent Muslim (estimate)
0.87%
Utah
Utah
State
Utah
Muslim (estimate)
25,403
Percent Muslim (estimate)
0.78%
Iowa
Iowa
State
Iowa
Muslim (estimate)
23,211
Percent Muslim (estimate)
0.73%
Delaware
Delaware
State
Delaware
Muslim (estimate)
7,065
Percent Muslim (estimate)
0.71%
Indiana
Indiana
State
Indiana
Muslim (estimate)
41,400
Percent Muslim (estimate)
0.61%
Florida
Florida
State
Florida
Muslim (estimate)
127,172
Percent Muslim (estimate)
0.59%
Tennessee
Tennessee
State
Tennessee
Muslim (estimate)
39,745
Percent Muslim (estimate)
0.58%
New Mexico
New Mexico
State
New Mexico
Muslim (estimate)
12,046
Percent Muslim (estimate)
0.57%
Louisiana
Louisiana
State
Louisiana
Muslim (estimate)
24,732
Percent Muslim (estimate)
0.53%
Alabama
Alabama
State
Alabama
Muslim (estimate)
23,550
Percent Muslim (estimate)
0.47%
Kentucky
Kentucky
State
Kentucky
Muslim (estimate)
17,957
Percent Muslim (estimate)
0.40%
Oklahoma
Oklahoma
State
Oklahoma
Muslim (estimate)
15,290
Percent Muslim (estimate)
0.39%
Washington
Washington
State
Washington
Muslim (estimate)
27,391
Percent Muslim (estimate)
0.36%
Nevada
Nevada
State
Nevada
Muslim (estimate)
7,400
Percent Muslim (estimate)
0.24%
Rhode Island
Rhode Island
State
Rhode Island
Muslim (estimate)
2,599
Percent Muslim (estimate)
0.24%
Arkansas
Arkansas
State
Arkansas
Muslim (estimate)
6,765
Percent Muslim (estimate)
0.22%
Colorado
Colorado
State
Colorado
Muslim (estimate)
10,828
Percent Muslim (estimate)
0.19%
Idaho
Idaho
State
Idaho
Muslim (estimate)
2,531
Percent Muslim (estimate)
0.14%
South Carolina
South Carolina
State
South Carolina
Muslim (estimate)
6,677
Percent Muslim (estimate)
0.13%
Kansas
Kansas
State
Kansas
Muslim (estimate)
3,615
Percent Muslim (estimate)
0.12%
Oregon
Oregon
State
Oregon
Muslim (estimate)
4,934
Percent Muslim (estimate)
0.12%
Nebraska
Nebraska
State
Nebraska
Muslim (estimate)
2,402
Percent Muslim (estimate)
0.12%
Mississippi
Mississippi
State
Mississippi
Muslim (estimate)
3,106
Percent Muslim (estimate)
0.10%
New Hampshire
New Hampshire
State
New Hampshire
Muslim (estimate)
1,172
Percent Muslim (estimate)
0.09%
North Dakota
North Dakota
State
North Dakota
Muslim (estimate)
540
Percent Muslim (estimate)
0.07%
South Dakota
South Dakota
State
South Dakota
Muslim (estimate)
535
Percent Muslim (estimate)
0.06%
West Virginia
West Virginia
State
West Virginia
Muslim (estimate)
849
Percent Muslim (estimate)
0.05%
Alaska
Alaska
State
Alaska
Muslim (estimate)
400
Percent Muslim (estimate)
0.05%
Wyoming
Wyoming
State
Wyoming
Muslim (estimate)
226
Percent Muslim (estimate)
0.04%
Montana
Montana
State
Montana
Muslim (estimate)
200
Percent Muslim (estimate)
0.02%
Hawaii
Hawaii
State
Hawaii
Muslim (estimate)
145
Percent Muslim (estimate)
0.01%
State
Muslim (estimate)
Percent Muslim (estimate)
United States
4,453,908
1.34%
Illinois
473,792
3.70%
New York
724,475
3.59%
New Jersey
321,652
3.46%
Maryland
188,914
3.06%
Michigan
241,828
2.40%
Minnesota
114,590
2.01%
Virginia
169,371
1.96%
Massachusetts
131,749
1.87%
Arizona
109,765
1.53%
California
504,056
1.27%
North Carolina
130,661
1.25%
Maine
16,894
1.24%
Connecticut
43,905
1.22%
Wisconsin
68,699
1.17%
Pennsylvania
149,561
1.15%
Georgia
123,652
1.15%
District of Columbia
7,528
1.09%
Texas
313,209
1.07%
Ohio
120,077
1.02%
Vermont
6,201
0.96%
Missouri
53,443
0.87%
Utah
25,403
0.78%
Iowa
23,211
0.73%
Delaware
7,065
0.71%
Indiana
41,400
0.61%
Florida
127,172
0.59%
Tennessee
39,745
0.58%
New Mexico
12,046
0.57%
Louisiana
24,732
0.53%
Alabama
23,550
0.47%
Kentucky
17,957
0.40%
Oklahoma
15,290
0.39%
Washington
27,391
0.36%
Nevada
7,400
0.24%
Rhode Island
2,599
0.24%
Arkansas
6,765
0.22%
Colorado
10,828
0.19%
Idaho
2,531
0.14%
South Carolina
6,677
0.13%
Kansas
3,615
0.12%
Oregon
4,934
0.12%
Nebraska
2,402
0.12%
Mississippi
3,106
0.10%
New Hampshire
1,172
0.09%
North Dakota
540
0.07%
South Dakota
535
0.06%
West Virginia
849
0.05%
Alaska
400
0.05%
Muslim vote by presidential election · Politics › Party politics
2000
2000
Election year
2000
Democratic
22%
Republican
78%
Green
2004
2004
Election year
2004
Democratic
93%
Republican
<1%
Green
5%
2008
2008
Election year
2008
Democratic
89%
Republican
2%
Green
2012
2012
Election year
2012
Democratic
85%
Republican
4%
Green
2016
2016
Election year
2016
Democratic
74%
Republican
13%
Green
2020
2020
Election year
2020
Democratic
78%
Republican
19%
Green
2024
2024
Election year
2024
Democratic
20%
Republican
21%
Green
53%
Election year
Democratic
Republican
Green
2000
22%
78%
2004
93%
<1%
5%
2008
89%
2%
2012
85%
4%
2016
74%
13%
2020
78%
19%
2024
20%
21%
53%
· Views › Religiosity
Statement
Statement
July 2007 Newsweek survey of non-Muslim Americans
Statement
July 2007 Newsweek survey of non-Muslim Americans
Agree
July 2007 Newsweek survey of non-Muslim Americans
Disagree
Muslims in the United States are as loyal to the U.S. as they are to Islam
Muslims in the United States are as loyal to the U.S. as they are to Islam
July 2007 Newsweek survey of non-Muslim Americans
Muslims in the United States are as loyal to the U.S. as they are to Islam
July 2007 Newsweek survey of non-Muslim Americans
40%
July 2007 Newsweek survey of non-Muslim Americans
32%
Muslims do not condone violence
Muslims do not condone violence
July 2007 Newsweek survey of non-Muslim Americans
Muslims do not condone violence
July 2007 Newsweek survey of non-Muslim Americans
63%
Qur'an does not condone violence
Qur'an does not condone violence
July 2007 Newsweek survey of non-Muslim Americans
Qur'an does not condone violence
July 2007 Newsweek survey of non-Muslim Americans
40%
July 2007 Newsweek survey of non-Muslim Americans
28%
Muslim culture does not glorify suicide
Muslim culture does not glorify suicide
July 2007 Newsweek survey of non-Muslim Americans
Muslim culture does not glorify suicide
July 2007 Newsweek survey of non-Muslim Americans
41%
Concern about Islamic radicals
Concern about Islamic radicals
July 2007 Newsweek survey of non-Muslim Americans
Concern about Islamic radicals
July 2007 Newsweek survey of non-Muslim Americans
54%
Support wiretapping by FBI
Support wiretapping by FBI
July 2007 Newsweek survey of non-Muslim Americans
Support wiretapping by FBI
July 2007 Newsweek survey of non-Muslim Americans
52%
American Muslims more "peaceable" than non-American ones
American Muslims more "peaceable" than non-American ones
July 2007 Newsweek survey of non-Muslim Americans
American Muslims more "peaceable" than non-American ones
July 2007 Newsweek survey of non-Muslim Americans
52%
July 2007 Newsweek survey of non-Muslim Americans
7%
Muslims are unfairly targeted by law enforcement
Muslims are unfairly targeted by law enforcement
July 2007 Newsweek survey of non-Muslim Americans
Muslims are unfairly targeted by law enforcement
July 2007 Newsweek survey of non-Muslim Americans
38%
July 2007 Newsweek survey of non-Muslim Americans
52%
Oppose mass detentions of Muslims
Oppose mass detentions of Muslims
July 2007 Newsweek survey of non-Muslim Americans
Oppose mass detentions of Muslims
July 2007 Newsweek survey of non-Muslim Americans
60%
July 2007 Newsweek survey of non-Muslim Americans
25%
Believe most are immigrants
Believe most are immigrants
July 2007 Newsweek survey of non-Muslim Americans
Believe most are immigrants
July 2007 Newsweek survey of non-Muslim Americans
52%
Would allow son or daughter to date a Muslim
Would allow son or daughter to date a Muslim
July 2007 Newsweek survey of non-Muslim Americans
Would allow son or daughter to date a Muslim
July 2007 Newsweek survey of non-Muslim Americans
64%
Muslim students should be allowed to wear headscarves
Muslim students should be allowed to wear headscarves
July 2007 Newsweek survey of non-Muslim Americans
Muslim students should be allowed to wear headscarves
July 2007 Newsweek survey of non-Muslim Americans
69%
July 2007 Newsweek survey of non-Muslim Americans
23%
Would vote for a qualified Muslim for political office
Would vote for a qualified Muslim for political office
July 2007 Newsweek survey of non-Muslim Americans
Would vote for a qualified Muslim for political office
July 2007 Newsweek survey of non-Muslim Americans
45%
July 2007 Newsweek survey of non-Muslim Americans
45%
July 2007 Newsweek survey of non-Muslim Americans
Statement
Agree
Disagree
Muslims in the United States are as loyal to the U.S. as they are to Islam
40%
32%
Muslims do not condone violence
63%
Qur'an does not condone violence
40%
28%
Muslim culture does not glorify suicide
41%
Concern about Islamic radicals
54%
Support wiretapping by FBI
52%
American Muslims more "peaceable" than non-American ones
52%
7%
Muslims are unfairly targeted by law enforcement
38%
52%
Oppose mass detentions of Muslims
60%
25%
Believe most are immigrants
52%
Would allow son or daughter to date a Muslim
64%
Muslim students should be allowed to wear headscarves
69%
23%
Would vote for a qualified Muslim for political office
45%
45%
· Views › On the United States
Statement
Statement
Pew's poll of views on American Society
Statement
Pew's poll of views on American Society
U.S. Muslim
Pew's poll of views on American Society
General public
Agree that one can get ahead with hard work
Agree that one can get ahead with hard work
Pew's poll of views on American Society
Agree that one can get ahead with hard work
Pew's poll of views on American Society
71%
Pew's poll of views on American Society
64%
Rate their community as "excellent" or "good"
Rate their community as "excellent" or "good"
Pew's poll of views on American Society
Rate their community as "excellent" or "good"
Pew's poll of views on American Society
72%
Pew's poll of views on American Society
82%
Excellent or good personal financial situation
Excellent or good personal financial situation
Pew's poll of views on American Society
Excellent or good personal financial situation
Pew's poll of views on American Society
42%
Pew's poll of views on American Society
49%
Satisfied with the state of the U.S.
Satisfied with the state of the U.S.
Pew's poll of views on American Society
Satisfied with the state of the U.S.
Pew's poll of views on American Society
38%
Pew's poll of views on American Society
32%
Pew's poll of views on American Society
Statement
Muslim
General public
Agree that one can get ahead with hard work
71%
64%
Rate their community as "excellent" or "good"
72%
82%
Excellent or good personal financial situation
42%
49%
Satisfied with the state of the U.S.
38%
32%
Islamophobia Index[175] · Concerns and perceptions › 2018 ISPU Poll
Are more prone to violence
Are more prone to violence
Most Muslims living in the United States... (% Net agree shown)
Are more prone to violence
Muslim
18%
Jewish
15%
Catholic
12%
Protestant
13%
White Evangelical
23%
Non-Affiliated
8%
General Public
13%
Discriminate against women
Discriminate against women
Most Muslims living in the United States... (% Net agree shown)
Discriminate against women
Muslim
12%
Jewish
23%
Catholic
29%
Protestant
30%
White Evangelical
36%
Non-Affiliated
18%
General Public
26%
Are hostile to the United States
Are hostile to the United States
Most Muslims living in the United States... (% Net agree shown)
Are hostile to the United States
Muslim
12%
Jewish
13%
Catholic
9%
Protestant
14%
White Evangelical
23%
Non-Affiliated
8%
General Public
12%
Are less civilized than other people
Are less civilized than other people
Most Muslims living in the United States... (% Net agree shown)
Are less civilized than other people
Muslim
8%
Jewish
6%
Catholic
4%
Protestant
6%
White Evangelical
10%
Non-Affiliated
1%
General Public
6%
Are partially responsible for acts of violence carried out by other Muslims
Are partially responsible for acts of violence carried out by other Muslims
Most Muslims living in the United States... (% Net agree shown)
Are partially responsible for acts of violence carried out by other Muslims
Muslim
10%
Jewish
16%
Catholic
11%
Protestant
12%
White Evangelical
14%
Non-Affiliated
8%
General Public
12%
Index (0 min - 100 max)
Index (0 min - 100 max)
Most Muslims living in the United States... (% Net agree shown)
Index (0 min - 100 max)
Muslim
17
Jewish
22
Catholic
22
Protestant
31
White Evangelical
40
Non-Affiliated
14
General Public
24
Most Muslims living in the United States... (% Net agree shown)
Muslim
Jewish
Catholic
Protestant
White Evangelical
Non-Affiliated
General Public
Are more prone to violence
18%
15%
12%
13%
23%
8%
13%
Discriminate against women
12%
23%
29%
30%
36%
18%
26%
Are hostile to the United States
12%
13%
9%
14%
23%
8%
12%
Are less civilized than other people
8%
6%
4%
6%
10%
1%
6%
Are partially responsible for acts of violence carried out by other Muslims
10%
16%
11%
12%
14%
8%
12%
Index (0 min - 100 max)
17
22
22
31
40
14
24
Pride Index[175] · Concerns and perceptions › 2018 ISPU Poll
Is a source of happiness
Is a source of happiness
My faith identity/ community... (% Net agree shown)
Is a source of happiness
Muslim
85%
Jewish
72%
Catholic
73%
Protestant
81%
White Evangelical
94%
Non-Affiliated
34%
General Public
68%
Contributes to society
Contributes to society
My faith identity/ community... (% Net agree shown)
Contributes to society
Muslim
85%
Jewish
91%
Catholic
78%
Protestant
79%
White Evangelical
95%
Non-Affiliated
44%
General Public
71%
Makes me proud
Makes me proud
My faith identity/ community... (% Net agree shown)
Makes me proud
Muslim
86%
Jewish
87%
Catholic
85%
Protestant
83%
White Evangelical
95%
Non-Affiliated
37%
General Public
72%
Index
Index
My faith identity/ community... (% Net agree shown)
Index
Muslim
87
Jewish
86
Catholic
82
Protestant
85
White Evangelical
93
Non-Affiliated
58
General Public
78
My faith identity/ community... (% Net agree shown)
Muslim
Jewish
Catholic
Protestant
White Evangelical
Non-Affiliated
General Public
Is a source of happiness
85%
72%
73%
81%
94%
34%
68%
Contributes to society
85%
91%
78%
79%
95%
44%
71%
Makes me proud
86%
87%
85%
83%
95%
37%
72%
Index
87
86
82
85
93
58
78

References

  1. In the section "Subgroups of American Muslims", the same research institute suggests 55% are Sunni "According to the Pew
  2. Includes voters for all non-Republican candidates, not only Democrats.
  3. www.usreligioncensus.org
    https://www.usreligioncensus.org/node/1639
  4. Pew Research
    https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2021/05/11/the-size-of-the-u-s-jewish-population/
  5. U.S. Religion Census
    https://www.usreligioncensus.org/node/1638
  6. Sylviane A. Diouf, Servants of Allah: African Muslims Enslaved in the Americas (1998)
  7. "Islam in America: From African Slaves to Malcolm X"
    http://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/tserve/twenty/tkeyinfo/islam.htm
  8. College of Liberal Arts and Sciences
    https://clas.wayne.edu/news/muslims-arrived-in-america-400-years-ago-as-part-of-the-slave-trade-and-today-are-vastly-diverse-56104
  9. Routledge & CRC Press
    https://www.routledge.com/African-Muslims-in-Antebellum-America-Transatlantic-Stories-and-Spiritual-Struggles/Austin/p/book/9780415912709
  10. crcc.usc.edu
    https://crcc.usc.edu/report/national-association-of-real-estate-brokers-nareb-religious-literacy-primer-2019/islamic-traditions-in-the-african-american-community-introduction/
  11. Voice of America
    https://www.voanews.com/a/america-s-first-muslims-were-slaves/4763323.html
  12. The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/09/opinion/the-founding-muslims.html?smid=fb-nytimes&smtyp=cur&bicmp=AD&bicmlukp=WT.mc_id&bicmst=1409232722000&bicmet=1419773522000&_r=0
  13. Curtis, Muslims in America, p. 119
  14. Edward E. Curtis, Muslims in America: A Short History (2009) ch 1
  15. "Muslim Immigration After 1965"
    https://religionsmn.carleton.edu/exhibits/show/history-muslims/immigration-after-1965
  16. "The Future of the Global Muslim Population"
    https://pewforum.org/The-Future-of-the-Global-Muslim-Population.aspx
  17. The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/2001/10/22/us/nation-challenged-american-muslims-islam-attracts-converts-thousand-drawn-before.html
  18. Seattle Times
    http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/nationworld/2003252072_911muslims10.html
  19. "Migration Information Source – The People Perceived as a Threat to Security: Arab Americans Since September 11"
    http://www.migrationinformation.org/Feature/print.cfm?ID=409
  20. "The Global Muslim Population: Projections for 2010–2030 Archived July 30, 2013, at the Wayback Machine" The Pew Researc
    https://www.pewforum.org/future-of-the-global-muslim-population-regional-americas.aspx
  21. "Muslim Americans Exemplify Diversity, Potential"
    http://www.gallup.com/poll/116260/Muslim-Americans-Exemplify-Diversity-Potential.aspx
  22. Institute for Social Policy and Understanding
    https://www.ispu.org/american-muslim-poll-2017-key-findings/
  23. www.pewresearch.org
    https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/08/09/muslims-and-islam-key-findings-in-the-u-s-and-around-the-world/
  24. The New York Times
    https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C03E2DA1230F931A35752C0A9649C8B63
  25. Why do so many US prison inmates convert to Islam? | The Stream
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yquAEvHyRng
  26. Muslims in America: a short history
  27. Servants of Allah: African Muslims enslaved in the Americas
  28. Pew Research Center
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