| Res. | Record | Opponent | Method | Event | Date | Round | Time | Location | Notes |
| Win | 28–1 | Jack Della Maddalena | Decision (unanimous) | UFC 322 | 15 November 2025 | 5 | 5:00 | New York City, New York, United States | Welterweight debut. Won the UFC Welterweight Championship. Tied for the longest win streak in UFC history (16). |
| Win | 27–1 | Renato Moicano | Submission (brabo choke) | UFC 311 | 18 January 2025 | 1 | 4:05 | Inglewood, California, United States | Defended the UFC Lightweight Championship. Broke the record for the most consecutive UFC Lightweight title defenses (4). Later vacated the title on 28 June 2025. |
| Win | 26–1 | Dustin Poirier | Submission (brabo choke) | UFC 302 | 1 June 2024 | 5 | 2:42 | Newark, New Jersey, United States | Defended the UFC Lightweight Championship. Performance of the Night. Fight of the Night. |
| Win | 25–1 | Alexander Volkanovski | KO (head kick and punches) | UFC 294 | 21 October 2023 | 1 | 3:06 | Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates | Defended the UFC Lightweight Championship. Performance of the Night. |
| Win | 24–1 | Alexander Volkanovski | Decision (unanimous) | UFC 284 | 12 February 2023 | 5 | 5:00 | Perth, Australia | Defended the UFC Lightweight Championship. Fight of the Night. |
| Win | 23–1 | Charles Oliveira | Submission (arm-triangle choke) | UFC 280 | 22 October 2022 | 2 | 3:16 | Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates | Won the vacant UFC Lightweight Championship. Performance of the Night. |
| Win | 22–1 | Bobby Green | TKO (punches) | UFC Fight Night: Makhachev vs. Green | 26 February 2022 | 1 | 3:23 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | Catchweight (160 lb) bout. |
| Win | 21–1 | Dan Hooker | Submission (kimura) | UFC 267 | 30 October 2021 | 1 | 2:25 | Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates | |
| Win | 20–1 | Thiago Moisés | Submission (rear-naked choke) | UFC on ESPN: Makhachev vs. Moisés | 17 July 2021 | 4 | 2:38 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | |
| Win | 19–1 | Drew Dober | Submission (arm-triangle choke) | UFC 259 | 6 March 2021 | 3 | 1:37 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | |
| Win | 18–1 | Davi Ramos | Decision (unanimous) | UFC 242 | 7 September 2019 | 3 | 5:00 | Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates | |
| Win | 17–1 | Arman Tsarukyan | Decision (unanimous) | UFC Fight Night: Overeem vs. Oleinik | 20 April 2019 | 3 | 5:00 | Saint Petersburg, Russia | Fight of the Night. |
| Win | 16–1 | Kajan Johnson | Submission (armbar) | UFC on Fox: Alvarez vs. Poirier 2 | 28 July 2018 | 1 | 4:43 | Calgary, Alberta, Canada | |
| Win | 15–1 | Gleison Tibau | KO (punch) | UFC 220 | 20 January 2018 | 1 | 0:57 | Boston, Massachusetts, United States | |
| Win | 14–1 | Nik Lentz | Decision (unanimous) | UFC 208 | 11 February 2017 | 3 | 5:00 | Brooklyn, New York, United States | |
| Win | 13–1 | Chris Wade | Decision (unanimous) | UFC Fight Night: Poirier vs. Johnson | 17 September 2016 | 3 | 5:00 | Hidalgo, Texas, United States | |
| Loss | 12–1 | Adriano Martins | KO (punch) | UFC 192 | 3 October 2015 | 1 | 1:46 | Houston, Texas, United States | |
| Win | 12–0 | Leo Kuntz | Submission (rear-naked choke) | UFC 187 | 23 May 2015 | 2 | 2:38 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | |
| Win | 11–0 | Ivica Trušček | Submission (inverted triangle choke) | M-1 Challenge 51 | 7 September 2014 | 3 | 4:45 | Saint Petersburg, Russia | Catchweight (165 lb) bout. |
| Win | 10–0 | Yuri Ivlev | Submission (armbar) | M-1 Challenge 49 | 7 June 2014 | 1 | 1:49 | Ingushetia, Russia | |
| Win | 9–0 | Rander Junio | Decision (unanimous) | M-1 Challenge 41 | 21 August 2013 | 3 | 5:00 | Saint Petersburg, Russia | |
| Win | 8–0 | Mansour Barnaoui | Decision (unanimous) | M-1 Challenge 38 | 9 April 2013 | 3 | 5:00 | Saint Petersburg, Russia | |
| Win | 7–0 | Anatoly Kormilkin | Submission (inverted triangle choke) | Lion's Fights 2 | 2 September 2012 | 1 | 3:17 | Saint Petersburg, Russia | |
| Win | 6–0 | Migel Grigoryan | Submission (triangle choke) | Siberian FC 1 | 15 December 2011 | 1 | 4:25 | Tomsk, Russia | |
| Win | 5–0 | Vladimir Egoyan | Decision (split) | ProFC 29: Union Nation Cup Final | 2 July 2011 | 2 | 5:00 | Rostov-on-Don, Russia | |
| Win | 4–0 | Magomed Ibragimov | Submission (triangle choke) | Tsumada FC 5 | 1 July 2011 | 2 | 3:15 | Tsumadinsky, Russia | |
| Win | 3–0 | Martiros Grigoryan | TKO (punches) | ProFC 28: Union Nation Cup 15 | 6 May 2011 | 1 | 2:52 | Simferopol, Ukraine | |
| Win | 2–0 | Tengiz Khuchua | KO (punch) | M-1 Selection Ukraine 2010: The Finals | 12 February 2011 | 1 | 0:30 | Kyiv, Ukraine | |
| Win | 1–0 | Magomed Bekbolatov | Decision (unanimous) | Tsumada FC 4 | 1 August 2010 | 2 | 5:00 | Tsumadinsky, Russia | Lightweight debut. |