Topzle Topzle

Iskandar of Johor

Updated: Wikipedia source

Iskandar of Johor

Iskandar ibni Almarhum Sultan Ismail (Jawi: المتوكل على ﷲ سلطان إسكندر الحاج ابن المرحوم سلطان إسماعيل الخالدي; 8 April 1932 – 22 January 2010) was Sultan of Johor, succeeding his father Sultan Ismail upon the latter's death in 1981. He reigned as the eighth Yang di-Pertuan Agong, the constitutional monarch of Malaysia, from 1984 to 1989. Sultan Iskandar's reign as Sultan of Johor lasted almost 29 years until his death in 2010. His children are married into the different royal houses of Malaysia. His eldest daughter Tunku Kamariah married the Tengku Laksamana of Selangor, Tengku Sulaiman Shah. His successor and eldest son Sultan Ibrahim Iskandar married Raja Zarith Sofiah of the Perak royal family. His daughter Tunku Azizah Aminah Maimunah Iskandariah married the heir apparent of Pahang, now Sultan Abdullah. His younger son Tunku Abdul Majid married a member of the Kedah royal family, Tunku Teh Mazni. As was the case with his grandfather, Sultan Ibrahim, Sultan Iskandar's independent mindset resulted in strained relations with the Malaysian federal government on numerous occasions. This was most prevalent during his time as the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, as there were a number of notable public incidents involved Sultan Iskandar. Nevertheless, Sultan Iskandar was reputed to show great concern for his subjects, and was held in high esteem by many of his subjects–particularly the Malays and Orang Aslis. His time as the Sultan of Johor was marred by accusations of violence and brutality. Sultan Iskandar was notorious for his bad temper which often resulted in violent episodes of rage and brutality to members of his staff and the general public. The 1992 Gomez incident surrounding the Sultan eventually culminated in the removal of "legal immunity" for members of the royal family. Sultan Iskandar is reputed to have been a staunch disciplinarian, with willingness to occasionally voice personal opinions on governmental issues. On the personal side, subjects who approached the Sultan in his later years described him as a person with a warm and generous personality. However, past critics had also argued that Sultan Iskandar was a person with a turbulent temper. These claims were made by citing records of notorious incidents, which include an experience of being disinherited from being the Tunku Mahkota of Johor (or Crown Prince in English) by his father, in 1961, as well as a series of alleged criminal acts occurring between the 1970s and the 1990s which were published in the press and provoked widespread moral outrage within the Malaysian public. During his younger days as a prince, Iskandar was commonly known by his first name, "Mahmood" or his full name "Mahmood Iskandar". He largely discontinued the use of his first name after he became sultan in 1981, although some people occasionally referred to him by his full name.

Infobox

Reign
11 May 1981 – 22 January 2010
Installation
15 November 1984
Predecessor
Ismail
Successor
Ibrahim
Born
(1932-04-08)8 April 1932Istana Semayam, Johor Bahru, Johor, Unfederated Malay States
Died
22 January 2010(2010-01-22) (aged 77)Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
Burial
23 January 2010Mahmoodiah Royal Mausoleum, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
Spouse
mw- Josephine Ruby Trevorrow (Khalsom binti Abdullah) (m. 1956; div. 1962) Sultanah Zanariah (m. 1961)
Issue
Tunku Kamariah Aminah Maimunah Iskandariah Tunku Zabedah Aminah Maimunah Iskandariah Tunku Ibrahim Ismail Tunku Hajah Azizah Aminah Maimunah Iskandariah Tunku Mariam Zaharah Tunku Noraini Fatimah Tunku Maimunah Ismailiah Tunku Abdul Majid Idris Ismail Ibrahim Tunku Muna Najiah Tunku Aminah Kalsum Masera Marian Zahira Iskandariah
Names
NamesTunku Mahmood Iskandar ibni Tunku IsmailRegnal nameBaginda Almutawakil Alallah Sultan Iskandar ibni Almarhum Sultan Ismail
House
Temenggong
Father
Sultan Ismail Ibni Almarhum Sultan Ibrahim Al-Masyhur
Mother
Sultanah Ungku Tun Aminah Binti Ungku Ahmad
Religion
Sunni Islam

Tables

· Issue
YAM Tunku Puteri Kamariah Aminah Maimunah Iskandariah
YAM Tunku Puteri Kamariah Aminah Maimunah Iskandariah
Name
YAM Tunku Puteri Kamariah Aminah Maimunah Iskandariah
Birth Date
(1956-07-11) 11 July 1956 (age 69)
Birth Place
Johor Bahru, Johor
Marriage Date
2 May 1977 – divorced
Spouse
YAM Tengku Sulaiman Shah, Tengku Laksamana Selangor
Their children
YM Tengku Haji Shakirinal'Amin Mahmood Ismail Ahmad Shah YDM Tengku Salehuddin Ismail Shah, Tengku Indera Bijaya Diraja Selangor YM Tengku Shahrain Ismail Ibrahim Iskandar Hishamuddin Shah YM Tengku Shariffuddin Ibrahim Ismail Iskandar Abdul Aziz Shah YM Tengku Kathira Zanariah Ehsan Maimunah Aminah Iskandar Putri
Their grandchildren
YM Tengku Mahmood YM Tengku Sulaiman YM Tengku Abdulaziz YM Tengku Ibrahim YM Tengku Kamiliah Zanariah Ruby Ehsan Putri YM Tengku Kamariah YM Tengku Saidatul’Ihsan Zabedah Fauziah Putri
YAM Tunku Besar Zabedah Aminah Maimunah Iskandariah
YAM Tunku Besar Zabedah Aminah Maimunah Iskandariah
Name
YAM Tunku Besar Zabedah Aminah Maimunah Iskandariah
Birth Date
(1957-10-20) 20 October 1957 (age 68)
Birth Place
Johor Bahru, Johor
KDYMM Sultan Ibrahim, The Yang di-Pertuan Agong XVII Sultan Johor
KDYMM Sultan Ibrahim, The Yang di-Pertuan Agong XVII Sultan Johor
Name
KDYMM Sultan Ibrahim, The Yang di-Pertuan Agong XVII Sultan Johor
Birth Date
(1958-11-22) 22 November 1958 (age 67)
Birth Place
Sultanah Aminah Hospital, Johor Bahru, Johor
Marriage Date
22 September 1982
Spouse
KDYMM Raja Zarith Sofiah, Raja Permaisuri Agong Permaisuri Johor
Their children
DYAM Tunku Ismail Idris Abdul Majid Abu Bakar, Tunku Mahkota Johor YAM Tunku Tun Aminah Maimunah Iskandariah YAM Tunku Idris Iskandar Ismail, Tunku Temenggong Johor Almarhum YAM Tunku Abdul Jalil Iskandar,Tunku Laksamana Johor YAM Tunku Abdul Rahman Hassanal Jeffri,Tunku Panglima Johor YAM Tunku Abu Bakar Mahmood Iskandar, Tunku Putera Johor
Their grandchildren
YAM Tunku Khalsom Aminah Sofiah DYAM Tunku Iskandar Abdul Jalil Abu Bakar Ibrahim, Raja Muda Johor YAM Tunku Abu Bakar Ibrahim Layla Sofiah the second child (undeclared name) of Tunku Tun Aminah YAM Tunku Zahrah Zarith Aziyah
KDPB Tunku Azizah Aminah Maimunah Iskandariah, Tengku Ampuan Pahang
KDPB Tunku Azizah Aminah Maimunah Iskandariah, Tengku Ampuan Pahang
Name
KDPB Tunku Azizah Aminah Maimunah Iskandariah, Tengku Ampuan Pahang
Birth Date
(1960-08-05) 5 August 1960 (age 65)
Birth Place
Istana Bukit Stulang, Johor Bahru, Johor
Marriage Date
6 March 1986
Spouse
KDPB Al-Sultan Abdullah Ri’ayatuddin Al-Mustafa Billah Shah, Sultan of Pahang
Their children
YAM Tengku Amir Nasser Ibrahim (Adopted), Tengku Panglima Raja Almarhum YAM Tengku Ahmad Iskandar Shah (born and died 24 July 1990) KDPM Tengku Hassanal Ibrahim Alam Shah, Tengku Mahkota Pahang YAM Tengku Muhammad Iskandar Ri’ayatuddin Shah,Tengku Arif Bendahara YAM Tengku Ahmad Ismail Mu’adzam Shah,Tengku Panglima Muda YAM Tengku Puteri Afzan Aminah Hafizatullah YAM Tengku Puteri Jihan Azizah Athiyatullah
Their grandchildren
YM Tengku Adam Ibrahim Shah YM Tengku Sulaiman Abdullah Shah YM Tengku Nuh Muhammad Shah
YAM Tunku Mariam Zahrah
YAM Tunku Mariam Zahrah
Name
YAM Tunku Mariam Zahrah
Birth Date
(1962-09-04) 4 September 1962 (age 63)
Birth Place
Johor Bahru, Johor
Marriage Date
1999 – divorced
Spouse
YM Tengku Ahmad Zainul Abidin
Their children
YM Tengku Sofiyya Meryam Zanariah
YAM Tunku Noraini Fatimah
YAM Tunku Noraini Fatimah
Name
YAM Tunku Noraini Fatimah
Birth Date
(1963-07-17) 17 July 1963 (age 62)
Birth Place
Johor Bahru, Johor
Marriage Date
2000
Spouse
Mr. Ramlan
YAM Tunku Maimunah Ismailiah
YAM Tunku Maimunah Ismailiah
Name
YAM Tunku Maimunah Ismailiah
Birth Date
(1967-10-20) 20 October 1967 (age 58)
Birth Place
Johor Bahru, Johor
Marriage Date
7 May 2004 – divorced
Spouse
Dato’ Mizan
Their children
Puteri Wan Makhzanah Huriyah
YAM Tunku Abdul Majid Idris Ismail Ibrahim, Tunku Aris Bendahara Johor
YAM Tunku Abdul Majid Idris Ismail Ibrahim, Tunku Aris Bendahara Johor
Name
YAM Tunku Abdul Majid Idris Ismail Ibrahim, Tunku Aris Bendahara Johor
Birth Date
(1970-07-20) 20 July 1970 (age 55)
Birth Place
Sultanah Aminah Hospital, Johor Bahru, Johor
Marriage Date
13 January 2006
Spouse
YM Tunku Teh Mazni
Their children
YM Tunku Mahmood Iskandar YM Tunku Aisha Menjalara Iskandar YM Tunku Abdul Mateen Idris Ismail Ibrahim Iskandar
YAM Tunku Muna Najiah
YAM Tunku Muna Najiah
Name
YAM Tunku Muna Najiah
Birth Date
(1973-04-12) 12 April 1973 (age 52)
Birth Place
Johor Bahru, Johor
Marriage Date
5 October 2001
Spouse
First Admiral Ts. Dr. Shaftdean Lufty, RMN
Their children
Putera Wan Iskandar Abdul Rahman Uwais Sirajuddin Puteri Wan Zanariah Imanina Munawarrah Nora Iskandariah Putera Wan Muhammad Umayr Sharaf uddin Puteri Wan Najiah Umayra Munawarrah
YAM Tunku Aminah Kalsom Masera Marian Zahira Iskandariah
YAM Tunku Aminah Kalsom Masera Marian Zahira Iskandariah
Name
YAM Tunku Aminah Kalsom Masera Marian Zahira Iskandariah
Birth Date
(1979-06-06) 6 June 1979 (age 46)
Birth Place
Johor Bahru, Johor
Name
Birth Date
Birth Place
Death Date
Death Place
Marriage Date
Spouse
Their children
Their grandchildren
YAM Tunku Puteri Kamariah Aminah Maimunah Iskandariah
(1956-07-11) 11 July 1956 (age 69)
Johor Bahru, Johor
2 May 1977 – divorced
YAM Tengku Sulaiman Shah, Tengku Laksamana Selangor
YM Tengku Haji Shakirinal'Amin Mahmood Ismail Ahmad Shah YDM Tengku Salehuddin Ismail Shah, Tengku Indera Bijaya Diraja Selangor YM Tengku Shahrain Ismail Ibrahim Iskandar Hishamuddin Shah YM Tengku Shariffuddin Ibrahim Ismail Iskandar Abdul Aziz Shah YM Tengku Kathira Zanariah Ehsan Maimunah Aminah Iskandar Putri
YM Tengku Mahmood YM Tengku Sulaiman YM Tengku Abdulaziz YM Tengku Ibrahim YM Tengku Kamiliah Zanariah Ruby Ehsan Putri YM Tengku Kamariah YM Tengku Saidatul’Ihsan Zabedah Fauziah Putri
YAM Tunku Besar Zabedah Aminah Maimunah Iskandariah
(1957-10-20) 20 October 1957 (age 68)
Johor Bahru, Johor
KDYMM Sultan Ibrahim, The Yang di-Pertuan Agong XVII Sultan Johor
(1958-11-22) 22 November 1958 (age 67)
Sultanah Aminah Hospital, Johor Bahru, Johor
22 September 1982
KDYMM Raja Zarith Sofiah, Raja Permaisuri Agong Permaisuri Johor
DYAM Tunku Ismail Idris Abdul Majid Abu Bakar, Tunku Mahkota Johor YAM Tunku Tun Aminah Maimunah Iskandariah YAM Tunku Idris Iskandar Ismail, Tunku Temenggong Johor Almarhum YAM Tunku Abdul Jalil Iskandar,Tunku Laksamana Johor YAM Tunku Abdul Rahman Hassanal Jeffri,Tunku Panglima Johor YAM Tunku Abu Bakar Mahmood Iskandar, Tunku Putera Johor
YAM Tunku Khalsom Aminah Sofiah DYAM Tunku Iskandar Abdul Jalil Abu Bakar Ibrahim, Raja Muda Johor YAM Tunku Abu Bakar Ibrahim Layla Sofiah the second child (undeclared name) of Tunku Tun Aminah YAM Tunku Zahrah Zarith Aziyah
KDPB Tunku Azizah Aminah Maimunah Iskandariah, Tengku Ampuan Pahang
(1960-08-05) 5 August 1960 (age 65)
Istana Bukit Stulang, Johor Bahru, Johor
6 March 1986
KDPB Al-Sultan Abdullah Ri’ayatuddin Al-Mustafa Billah Shah, Sultan of Pahang
YAM Tengku Amir Nasser Ibrahim (Adopted), Tengku Panglima Raja Almarhum YAM Tengku Ahmad Iskandar Shah (born and died 24 July 1990) KDPM Tengku Hassanal Ibrahim Alam Shah, Tengku Mahkota Pahang YAM Tengku Muhammad Iskandar Ri’ayatuddin Shah,Tengku Arif Bendahara YAM Tengku Ahmad Ismail Mu’adzam Shah,Tengku Panglima Muda YAM Tengku Puteri Afzan Aminah Hafizatullah YAM Tengku Puteri Jihan Azizah Athiyatullah
YM Tengku Adam Ibrahim Shah YM Tengku Sulaiman Abdullah Shah YM Tengku Nuh Muhammad Shah
YAM Tunku Mariam Zahrah
(1962-09-04) 4 September 1962 (age 63)
Johor Bahru, Johor
1999 – divorced
YM Tengku Ahmad Zainul Abidin
YM Tengku Sofiyya Meryam Zanariah
YAM Tunku Noraini Fatimah
(1963-07-17) 17 July 1963 (age 62)
Johor Bahru, Johor
2000
Mr. Ramlan
YAM Tunku Maimunah Ismailiah
(1967-10-20) 20 October 1967 (age 58)
Johor Bahru, Johor
7 May 2004 – divorced
Dato’ Mizan
Puteri Wan Makhzanah Huriyah
YAM Tunku Abdul Majid Idris Ismail Ibrahim, Tunku Aris Bendahara Johor
(1970-07-20) 20 July 1970 (age 55)
Sultanah Aminah Hospital, Johor Bahru, Johor
13 January 2006
YM Tunku Teh Mazni
YM Tunku Mahmood Iskandar YM Tunku Aisha Menjalara Iskandar YM Tunku Abdul Mateen Idris Ismail Ibrahim Iskandar
YAM Tunku Muna Najiah
(1973-04-12) 12 April 1973 (age 52)
Johor Bahru, Johor
5 October 2001
First Admiral Ts. Dr. Shaftdean Lufty, RMN
Putera Wan Iskandar Abdul Rahman Uwais Sirajuddin Puteri Wan Zanariah Imanina Munawarrah Nora Iskandariah Putera Wan Muhammad Umayr Sharaf uddin Puteri Wan Najiah Umayra Munawarrah
YAM Tunku Aminah Kalsom Masera Marian Zahira Iskandariah
(1979-06-06) 6 June 1979 (age 46)
Johor Bahru, Johor
· References
Preceded byAhmad Shah of Pahang(Sultan of Pahang)
Preceded byAhmad Shah of Pahang(Sultan of Pahang)
Regnal titles
Preceded byAhmad Shah of Pahang(Sultan of Pahang)
Regnal titles
Yang di-Pertuan Agong (King of Malaysia) 1984–1989
Regnal titles
Succeeded bySultan Azlan Shah(Sultan of Perak)
Preceded bySultan Ismail
Preceded bySultan Ismail
Regnal titles
Preceded bySultan Ismail
Regnal titles
Sultan of Johor 1981–2010
Regnal titles
Succeeded bySultan Ibrahim Ismail
Regnal titles
Preceded byAhmad Shah of Pahang(Sultan of Pahang)
Yang di-Pertuan Agong (King of Malaysia) 1984–1989
Succeeded bySultan Azlan Shah(Sultan of Perak)
Preceded bySultan Ismail
Sultan of Johor 1981–2010
Succeeded bySultan Ibrahim Ismail

References

  1. A History of Johore (1365–1941) (1992), pg 195
  2. The validity of this marriage is disputed. See A History of Johore (1992), pg 195
  3. A History of Johore (1365–1941) (1992), pg 54
  4. A Portrait of Malaysia and Singapore (1978), pg 102
  5. Sejarah Johor (1980), pg 211
  6. Federation of Malaya Official Year Book (1962), pg 26
  7. Died in infancy.
  8. Institusi Bendahara: Permata Melayu yang Hilang: Dinasti Bendahara Johor-Pahang, Othman, pg 24 "...Acheh yang berasal da
  9. The title Tun is an ancient Malay title used to refer to people of royal lineage. In modern Malaysia it is the highest t
  10. Not to be confused with Bendahara Tun Ali (the son of Mani Purindan), the Bendahara of Melaka and the uncle of Muzaffar
  11. Not to be confused with Tun Mutahir of Malacca, who lived in the 15th to 16th centuries. Tun Mutahir of Pahang lived dur
  12. "JOHOR (Sultanate)"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20090210141332/http://www.uq.net.au/~zzhsoszy/states/malaysia/johor.html
  13. Negara Brunei Darussalam: A Biographical Dictionary (1860–1996), Horton, pg 290
  14. Siapa kebal, Mahathir atau raja-raja Melayu?, Yahaya Ismail, pg 42
  15. Johore and the Origins of British Control, Nesalamar Nadarajah, pg 128
  16. Asian Recorder (1984), pg 17808
  17. Constitutional Heads and Political Crises: Commonwealth Episodes, 1945–85 (1988), Low, pg 185
  18. Thanam Visvanathan, Ruler with deep concern for people–Sultan Iskandar revered as protective guardian and helpful to all
  19. Inspiring ruler Archived 4 March 2009 at the Wayback Machine, Nelson Benjamin, 8 April 2007, The Star (Malaysia)
    http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2007/4/8/nation/17342774&sec=nation
  20. Johor Sultan's birthday celebration at Dataran Bandaraya in JB today Archived 4 March 2009 at the Wayback Machine, 8 Apr
    http://thestar.com.my/metro/story.asp?file=/2008/4/8/southneast/20871480&sec=southneast
  21. Tan, Chee Khoon (1985), pg 5
  22. Milne, Mauzy (1999), pg 32
  23. Clad (1989), pg 57
  24. Abdullah (2003), pg 148
  25. Kershaw (2001), pg 102–3
  26. Tunku is spelled as in Johor. Tengku Ahmad Rithauddeen: His Story, K.N. Nadarajah, pg 50
  27. Facts on File Yearbook, by Facts on File, inc., 1957, Phrase: "Married: Prince Tunku Mahmud, 24, grandson of the Sultan
  28. Malaysia, by British Association of Malaysia, British Association of Malaysia and Singapore, Phrase: " Mahmood of Jo-hor
  29. Andresen (1992), pg 138
  30. Demolish causeway: Johor Sultan Archived 4 March 2009 at the Wayback Machine, 5 November 2006, Dailyexpress
    http://www.dailyexpress.com.my/news.cfm?NewsID=45376
  31. Azizah is one tough princess, The Star, Kee Hua Chee, 19 March 2005
    https://web.archive.org/web/20090304013853/http://thestar.com.my/lifestyle/story.asp?file=%2F2005%2F3%2F19%2Ffeatures%2F10436107&sec=features
  32. Pemerintah dan pemimpin-pemimpin kerajaan Malaysia, Siti Rosnah Haji Ahmad, pg 71
  33. Information Malaysia (1985), pg 58
  34. His Majesty and Her Majesty Archived 13 August 2009 at the Wayback Machine, Website of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, Retrie
    http://www.malaysianmonarchy.org.my/portal_bi/rk3/rk3a.php?id=rk3_8
  35. Duli Yang Maha Mulia Seri Paduka Baginda Almutawakkil Alallah, Sultan Iskandar Ibni Al-Marhum Sultan Ismail Portal Rasmi
    http://www.johordt.gov.my/bm/kerajaan/
  36. Asian RecorderPublished by K. K. Thomas at Recorder Press, 1981, pg 16108
  37. Information Malaysia (1990), pg 906
  38. New Straits Times
    https://web.archive.org/web/20120821095124/http://www.nst.com.my/streets/johor/ruler-close-to-the-people-s-heart-1.126308?localLinksEnabled=false
  39. The Europa Year Book: A World Survey (1984), pg xiv
  40. Milne, Mauzy (1999), pg 35
  41. DYMM Seri Paduka Baginda Almutawakkil Alallah, Sultan Iskandar Ibni Al-Marhum Sultan Ismail Archived 14 December 2008 at
    http://www.johordt.gov.my/bm/kerajaan/page/dymm_sultan_johor/
  42. Alagappa (2001), pg 267
  43. Mahkota's son named Raja Muda of Johor, The Star online, Star Publications, 9 April 2006.
    https://web.archive.org/web/20060410172958/http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2006%2F4%2F9%2Fnation%2F13915164&sec=nation
  44. Thousands at PM's open house (update 4) Archived 4 March 2009 at the Wayback Machine, Manjit Kaur, Royce Cheah and Ng Si
    http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2007/10/13/nation/20071013145427&sec=nation
  45. Day of fun and feasting, Teh Eng Hock and Meera Vijayan, 15 October 2007, The Star (Malaysia)
    https://web.archive.org/web/20071015164059/http://thestar.com.my/metro/story.asp?file=%2F2007%2F10%2F15%2Fsouthneast%2F19170015&sec=southneast
  46. Sultan of Johor's birthday honours list Archived 23 February 2009 at the Wayback Machine, 9 April 2004, The Star (Malays
    http://thestar.com.my/news/list.asp?file=/2004/4/9/nation/7728463&sec=nation
  47. Anniversaries and Holidays (2000), pg 109
  48. Event: 'Sultan Of Johor's Birthday' Archived 4 March 2009 at the Wayback Machine, Minerals and Geoscience Department Mal
    http://www.jmg.gov.my/index.php?option=com_jcalpro&Itemid=442&extmode=view&extid=29
  49. Benjamin, Chou, (2002), pg 121
  50. Low (1988), pg 192
  51. A palace in the sun Archived 24 January 2009 at the Wayback Machine, Fauziah Ismail, JohorBuzz, New Straits Times
    http://www.nst.com.my/Current_News/JohorBuzz/Monday/MyJohor/2455469/Article/printarticle
  52. Ban on yoga likely in Johor Archived 4 March 2009 at the Wayback Machine, 5 December 2008, New Straits Times
    http://www.asiaone.com/Health/News/Story/A1Story20081205-105731.html
  53. Johor prepares to enforce yoga ban Archived 4 March 2009 at the Wayback Machine, JohorBuzz, New Straits Times
    http://www.nst.com.my/Current_News/JohorBuzz/Saturday/Stories/2436274/Article/index_html
  54. Bangunan Sultan Iskandar Jadi Pintu Masuk Kepada Sembilan Juta Pengunjung Archived 4 March 2009 at the Wayback Machine,
    http://medkom.my/berita/bangunan-sultan-iskandar-jadi-pintu-masuk-kepada-sembilan-juta-pengunjung.html
  55. Glaring glitches mar historic opening Archived 26 January 2009 at the Wayback Machine, Syed Umar Ariff, 21 December 2008
    http://www.nst.com.my/Current_News/JohorBuzz/Tuesday/MyJohor/20081222200908/Article/index_html
  56. DYMM Sultan Iskandar Sultan Ismail Merasmikan Bangunan Sultan Iskandar Archived 25 January 2009 at the Wayback Machine,
    http://medkom.my/video/dymm-sultan-iskandar-sultan-ismail-merasmikan-bangunan-sultan-iskandar.html
  57. "Ministers convey Hari Raya wishes to Sultan of Johor"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20090304123516/http://www.pap.org.sg/articleview.php?id=2646&cid=21
  58. "Visit To Singapore By His Majesty Sultan Iskandar Ibni Almarhum Sultan Ismail, Sultan And Sovereign Ruler of the State And Territories of Johor Darul Ta'zim, 12 To 13 April 2007"
    http://app.sprinter.gov.sg/data/pr/20070411985.htm
  59. "Warm friendship toasted at annual Hari Raya lunch with Johor Sultan"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20090304123512/http://www.pap.org.sg/articleview.php?id=1253&mode=&cid=23
  60. The Little Red Dot: Reflections by Singapore's Diplomats, Koh, Chang, pg 417
  61. Singapore-Malaysia Relations Under Abdullah Badawi, pg 77, Saw, Kesavapany
  62. Political Handbook of Asia 2007, Banks, Muller, Overstreet, pg 423
  63. "First Deputy Prime Minister And Minister For Defence Goh Chok Tong Receiving Johor's Second Highest Award, Dato Paduka Mahkota Johor (Kehormat) From Yang Di-Pertuan Agong, Sultan Iskandar of Johor in Istana State Room (Description of Event Provided By Transferring Agency)"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20090304142021/http://picas.nhb.gov.sg/picas/public/internetSearch/catalogueForm.jsp?id=0000765029&thesaurusFlag=Y&simpleSearch=Goh+chok+tong+dato&photographOption=1&Submit=Submit&pageNumber=1&total=206
  64. "Sultan of Johor Visits HQ Commando"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20070621012925/http://www.mindef.gov.sg/imindef/news_and_events/nr/2007/apr/13apr07_nr.html
  65. The Star
    https://web.archive.org/web/20090304004954/http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2008%2F6%2F20%2Fnation%2F21601771&sec=nation
  66. Negara Brunei Darussalam: A Biographical Dictionary (1860–1996) (1996), pg 290
  67. The Star
    https://web.archive.org/web/20090304005006/http://www.thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2008%2F8%2F28%2Fnation%2F22187799&sec=nation
  68. Kershaw (2001), pg 103
  69. Tengku is spelled as in Johor. Tengku Ahmad Rithauddeen: His Story, K.N. Nadarajah, pg 50
  70. Sleeman (2004), pg 827
  71. His Majesty and Her Majesty Archived 13 August 2009 at the Wayback Machine, Retrieved 3 January 2009
    http://www.malaysianmonarchy.org.my/portal_bi/rk3/rk3a.php?id=rk3_8
  72. Who's who in Malaysia (1982), pg 463
  73. Southeast Asian Affairs (1982), pg 251
  74. The Straits Times
    https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19720813-1.2.29
  75. Aliran Monthly
    https://m.aliran.com/past-issues/1992Vol12No.12.pdf
  76. The Straits Times
    https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19720815-1.2.17
  77. Public Prosecutor v Tengku Mahmood Iskandar & Anor 1 MLJ 128
    https://www.sultanazlanshah.com/pdf/Judments%20PDF/Tengku-Mahmood.pdf
  78. The Straits Times
    https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19730104-1.2.8
  79. Downton (1986), pp 203–4
  80. Crouch (1996), pg 144
  81. The Straits Times
    https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19770418-1.2.8
  82. Copetas, Rich (2001), pg 145
  83. The New York Times
    https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9A01EFD71238F935A15757C0A962948260
  84. Clad (1989), pg 15
  85. De Ledesma, Lewis, Savage (2003), pg 366
  86. The Economist
    https://www.economist.com/asia/2022/09/15/south-east-asias-monarchies-struggle-with-succession
  87. Crouch (1996), pg 146
  88. World of Information (Firm), (1993), pg 124
  89. Crouch (1996), pg 146–7
  90. "Malaysia Prepares To Strip Sultans of Their Immunity"
    http://www.iht.com/articles/1992/12/15/mayl.php
  91. Prince to appear before MHF board, by Gerald Martinez, 10 August 1992, New Straits Times
  92. Kershaw (2001), pg 110
  93. MHF ban Majid for five years, by Lazarus Rokk, 19 October 1992, New Straits Times
  94. Asian Bulletin, Asian Peoples' Anti-Communist League, Asian Peoples' Anti-Communist League (China: Republic: 1949– ), As
  95. "Bending the rulers: Sultan's behaviour raises doubts over role of royalty"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20090326111658/http://www.capi.uvic.ca/pubs/oc_papers/GILLEN.pdf
  96. New Straits Times
    https://web.archive.org/web/20090326111658/http://www.capi.uvic.ca/pubs/oc_papers/GILLEN.pdf
  97. New Straits Times
    https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=NbYTAAAAIBAJ&sjid=M5ADAAAAIBAJ&pg=6902%2C2596011
  98. New Straits Times
    https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=NbYTAAAAIBAJ&sjid=M5ADAAAAIBAJ&pg=3600%2C2596842
  99. New Straits Times
    https://web.archive.org/web/20090326111658/http://www.capi.uvic.ca/pubs/oc_papers/GILLEN.pdf
  100. The Straits Times
    https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19930121-1.2.24.3
  101. New Straits Times
    https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=uSdVAAAAIBAJ&sjid=_48DAAAAIBAJ&pg=5519%2C1216990
  102. Aliran Monthly, Aliran Kesedaran Negaran, 1984, pg 30
  103. "On bringing back royal immunity"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20090303234834/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com.my/index.php/business/13599-on-bringing-back-royal-immunity
  104. Malaysia, Singapore & Brunei (2004), Rowthorn, Benson, Benson, Kerr, Niven, pg 235
  105. Asian Recorder (1993), pg 22904
  106. New Straits Times
    https://d.scribd.com/docs/1qk1gf12zfh2pc7brw49.pdf
  107. Change to take its course: PM tables amendment Bill despite Rulers' disagreement, New Straits Times, 19 January 1993, pg
  108. Six Rulers say 'Yes', New Straits Times, 16 January 1993, pg 1, 2
  109. Kershaw (2001), pg 110–2
  110. New Straits Times
    https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=E69UAAAAIBAJ&sjid=C5ADAAAAIBAJ&pg=3684%2C3142656
  111. The Straits Times
    https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19921230-1.2.21.2
  112. The Straits Times
    https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/page/straitstimes19930102-1.1.17
  113. The Straits Times
    https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/page/straitstimes19921231-1.1.16
  114. The Straits Times
    https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19930101-1.2.6.2
  115. The Business Times
    https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/page/biztimes19930101-1.1.20
  116. The Straits Times
    https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/page/straitstimes19930104-1.1.2
  117. New Straits Times
    https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=65kWAAAAIBAJ&sjid=VBQEAAAAIBAJ&pg=5662%2C1014338
  118. The Straits Times
    https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19930122-1.2.7
  119. Summary of World Broadcasts (1993), Phrase: "... Straits Times of 21 January, the Sultan of Johor is reported as"
  120. Crouch (1996), pg 147
  121. Mahathir, the Secret of the Malaysian Success: The Secret of the Malaysian Success, Somun, Somun-Krupalija, pg 155
  122. A BILL intituled: An Act to amend the Federal Constitution. Archived 26 March 2009 at the Wayback Machine, Dewan Rakyat,
    http://www.parlimen.gov.my/Undang/1993/Bill-DR-1.pdf
  123. Jendela masa: kumpulan esei sempena persaraan (2001), Othman, Khoo, pg 393
  124. The Straits Times
    https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/page/straitstimes19921212-1.1.23
  125. The Straits Times
    https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19930817-1.2.27.6
  126. New Straits Times
    https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=7DpOAAAAIBAJ&sjid=9RMEAAAAIBAJ&pg=5814%2C1270408
  127. Parliament of Malaysia
    https://www.parlimen.gov.my/files/billindex/pdf/1994/DR201994E.pdf
  128. Parliament of Malaysia
    https://www.parlimen.gov.my/files/hindex/pdf/DR-04071994.pdf
  129. The Straits Times
    https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/page/straitstimes19940705-1.1.21
  130. Parliament of Malaysia
    https://www.parlimen.gov.my/files/hindex/pdf/DR-06071994.pdf
  131. The Straits Times
    https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/page/straitstimes19940709-1.1.23
  132. Economist SEA Correspondent (26 November – 2 December 1983). "Kings Men Purged". The Economist.
  133. Milne, Mauzy (1999), pg 32–33
  134. Shome, Shome (2002), pg 137
  135. Milne, Mauzy (1999), pg 35–36
  136. Anwar's Second Sex Case Puts Malaysia Courts on Trial, Bloomberg, Angus Whitley, 20 August 2008
    https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601080&sid=akRCLUMdvsNM&refer=asia
  137. Malaysian Politics: The Second Generation, Means, pg 239
  138. Kershaw (2001), pg 224
  139. Press Statement of Tun Salleh Abas, The Malaysian Bar, Tun Salleh Abas, 26 September 2006
    http://www.malaysianbar.org.my/letters_others/press_statement_of_tun_salleh_abas.html
  140. Comment: Tun Salleh and the judiciary[permanent dead link], The Malaysian Bar, Suppiah s/o Pakrisamy, 29 April 2008
    http://www.malaysianbar.org.my/opinions/comments/comment_tun_salleh_and_the_judiciary.html?date=2009-01-01
  141. "Malaysian sultan calls for scrapping of causeway to Singapore"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20070929124218/http://nationmultimedia.com/worldhotnews/read.php?newsid=30018070
  142. The Star
    https://web.archive.org/web/20061109184423/http://www.thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2006%2F10%2F24%2Fnation%2F20061024191325&sec=nation
  143. "Johor Sultan Tells Dr Mahathir To Act Like A Pensioner"
    http://www.bernama.com/bernama/v3/news_lite.php?id=226228
  144. The Star
    https://web.archive.org/web/20090304004941/http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2006%2F11%2F5%2Fnation%2F15929677&sec=nation
  145. "Demolish Causeway – Sultan Iskandar"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20090304000102/http://www.bernama.com.my/bernama/v3/printable.php?id=227815
  146. DAP rep thrown out of assembly Archived 4 March 2009 at the Wayback Machine, Gladys Tay and Farik Zolkepli, 20 June 2008
    http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2008/6/20/nation/21603605&sec=nation
  147. No uniform or songkok? Please leave assembly Archived 4 March 2009 at the Wayback Machine, 22 June 2008, The Electric Ne
    http://newpaper.asia1.com.sg/printfriendly/0,4139,168570,00.html
  148. Johor DAP reps can wear songkok Archived 4 March 2009 at the Wayback Machine, Nelson Benjamin, 10 June 2008, The Star (M
    http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2008/6/10/nation/21502414&sec=nation
  149. Sultan Reprimands Bentayan State Assemblyman Over Attire, 21 June 2008, Bernama
    http://www.bernama.com/bernama/v3/news_lite.php?id=341069
  150. Johor Sultan unhappy with DAP's Gwee Archived 22 January 2009 at the Wayback Machine, Meera Vijayan, 21 June 2008, The S
    http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2008/6/21/nation/20080621202455&sec=nation
  151. Asia & Pacific (1984), pg 229
  152. Kershaw (2001), pg 225
  153. Andresen (1992), pg 123
  154. Abdul Rahman, Solomon (1985), pg 21
  155. "Exam SPA Online | Panduan dan rujukan kerjaya"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20150616132146/http://www.examspaonline.info/
  156. New Straits Times
    https://web.archive.org/web/20180919060359/https://www.nst.com.my/Friday/Sport/2426019/Article/index_html
  157. Magnificent abode for royals Archived 5 February 2009 at the Wayback Machine, Fauziah Ismail, JohorBuzz, New Straits Tim
    http://www.nst.com.my/Current_News/JohorBuzz/Monday/MyJohor/2468044/Article/index_html
  158. Portal Rasmi
    https://www.navy.mil.my/ms/pemakaian-pangkat-pegawai-kanan-tldm-dan-pegawai-psstldm
  159. Johor Sultan Recovering From Bronchitis (Southern Region News), 13 January 2008, Bernama
    http://www.bernama.com/bernama/state_news/news.php?id=307557&cat=st
  160. The Star
    https://web.archive.org/web/20100123210304/http://www.thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2010%2F1%2F22%2Fnation%2F20100122173117&sec=nation
  161. The Star
    https://web.archive.org/web/20100126072425/http://www.thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2010%2F1%2F23%2Fnation%2F20100123100003&sec=nation
  162. Najib Cuts Short Visit To India, Arrives Home Early Saturday Bernama
    http://www.bernama.com/bernama/v5/news_lite.php?id=470492
  163. Tengku Ibrahim Proclaimed As The Sultan Of Johor Bernama
    http://www.bernama.com/bernama/v5/news_lite.php?id=470500
  164. Handbook of Environmental Impact Assessment (1999), pg 165
  165. Jurnal Pendidikan (1974), pg 177
  166. Senarai Sekolah Menengah Kerajaan Dan Bantuan Kerajaan Di Negeri Johor Seperti Pada 30 June 2008 Archived 31 January 200
    http://www.moe.gov.my/emis/emis2/emisportal2/doc/fckeditor/File/senarai_sek_08/menengah/SekMen08_Johor.pdf
  167. 30 November 2007, 8.00 Pagi – Majlis Perhimpunan Bulanan Peringkat Daerah Pontian, Perkarangan SK. TENGKU MAHMOOD ISKAND
    http://johordt.gov.my/ppdptn/tengah.html
  168. New Straits Times
    https://web.archive.org/web/20090304003626/http://www.nst.com.my/Current_News/JohorBuzz/Tuesday/MyJohor/20081222200908/Article/
  169. Pengenalan JKR Daerah Kota Tinggi Archived 4 March 2009 at the Wayback Machine, Jabatan Kerja Raya Malaysia (JKR). Retri
    http://johor.jkr.gov.my/kotatinggi/Pengenalan%20JKR(D)KT.html
  170. Alamat Jabatan Belia Dan Sukan Negeri Dan Daerah Archived 13 July 2009 at the Wayback Machine, Kementerian Belia dan Suk
    http://www.kbs.gov.my/index8.php?info=dirjbsn
  171. 389 pelatih IKM Johor Bahru terima diploma, sijil Archived 17 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine 30 October 2008, Utusan M
    https://www.utusan.com.my/utusan/info.asp?y=2008&dt=1030&pub=Utusan_Malaysia&sec=Johor&pg=wj_05.htm
  172. Planetarium Sultan Iskandar official site
    https://archive.today/20120914104548/http://www.planetarium-sarawak.org/
  173. Sarawak, Beautiful and Captivating: Beautiful and Captivating (1994), pg 19
  174. Program 'Nostalgia Irama Lagu – Lagu Melayu Asli' Archived 4 March 2009 at the Wayback Machine, JH/30/12/07, Kementerian
    http://media.inform.gov.my/e-press/cetak-np.asp?data_dtl_oid=15244&data_type=NE&state=Johor
  175. Project Experience Archived 17 August 2013 at the Wayback Machine, Environment Asia Sdn. Bhd. Retrieved 17 January 2009
    http://environmentasia.com.my/project_exp.htm
  176. "Takungan Air Sultan Iskandar (Reservoir(s)), Malaysia - everysingleplace.com"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20110710205802/http://www.everysingleplace.com/features/7576154-takungan-air-sultan-iskandar-malaysia-information
  177. Malay Mail
    https://web.archive.org/web/20090304005506/http://www.mmail.com.my/Exco-c-_No,_you-as-re_not.aspx
  178. "IDR Is Now Iskandar Malaysia"
    http://www.bernama.com/bernama/v3/news_lite.php?id=326086
  179. Commandos of Iskandar, JohorBuzz, New Straits Times
    https://web.archive.org/web/20180919060153/https://www.nst.com.my/Current_News/JohorBuzz/Friday/Stories/2490497/Article/index_html
  180. Laman Web Rasmi Majlis Bandaraya Johor Bahru – BERITA & PERISTIWA, Majlis Bandaraya Johor Bahru. Retrieved 28 February 2
    https://web.archive.org/web/20090304000504/http://www.mbjb.gov.my/web/guest/berita?p_p_id=101_INSTANCE_flrw&p_p_lifecycle=0&p_p_state=maximized&p_p_mode=view&p_p_col_id=column-1&p_p_col_count=1&_101_INSTANCE_flrw_struts_action=%2Ftagged_content%2Fview_content&_101_INSTANCE_flrw_assetId=38113
  181. Q&A with HRH Abdul Majid, President of the Malaysian Golf Association Archived 4 March 2009 at the Wayback Machine, Sun
    http://www.mgaonline.com.my/articledetail.asp?id=2532
  182. A physical symbol of loyalty and posterity Archived 12 February 2009 at the Wayback Machine Fauziah Ismail, JohorBuzz, N
    http://www.nst.com.my/Current_News/JohorBuzz/Monday/MyJohor/2474244/Article/index_html
  183. Berita Harian
    https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/beritaharian19591028-1.2.97
  184. Berita Harian
    https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/beritaharian19671028-1.2.12
  185. Johore Sultan honours 456 on his birthday
    https://books.google.com/books?id=s0w1AAAAIBAJ&dq=Malacca+awards+list&pg=PA5&article_id=1124,7558475
  186. "Senarai Penuh Penerima Darjah Kebesaran, Bintang dan Pingat Persekutuan Tahun 1987"
    http://www.istiadat.gov.my/v8/images/stories/1987.pdf
  187. awards.selangor.gov.my
    https://awards.selangor.gov.my/sublinkyear.php?cat=28&subcat=D.K.I.
  188. New Straits Times
    https://books.google.com/books?id=F90qAAAAIBAJ&dq=Seri+panglima+Darjah+kinabalu&pg=PA27&article_id=3653,4716113
  189. Portal Kesultanan Johor
    https://royal.johor.my/johor-dipersada-dunia/
  190. The Straits Times
  191. Malaysian Digest
  192. แจ้งความสำนักนายกรัฐมนตรี เรื่อง ถวายเครื่องราชอิสริยาภรณ์ราชมิตราภรณ์ แด่ สมเด็จพระราชาธิบดีแห่งประเทศมาเลเซีย
    https://web.archive.org/web/20141231084651/http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2529/D/004/8.PDF
  193. Malays/Muslims in Singapore: Selected Readings in History, 1819–1965, Khoo, Abdullah, Wan, pg 43
  194. Johore and the Origins of British Control, Nesalamar Nadarajah, pg 44
  195. Winstedt (1992), pg 181, 187
Image
Source: —
Tip: Wheel or +/− to zoom, drag to pan, Esc to close.