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Isabella I of Castile

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Isabella I of Castile

Isabella I (Spanish: Isabel I; 22 April 1451 – 26 November 1504), also called Isabella the Catholic (Spanish: Isabel la Católica), was Queen of Castile and León from 1474 until her death in 1504. She was also Queen of Aragon from 1479 until her death as the wife of King Ferdinand II. Reigning together over a dynastically unified Spain, Isabella and Ferdinand are known as the Catholic Monarchs. Her reign marked the end of the Reconquista and also the start of the Spanish Empire, allowing Spain to dominate European politics for the next century. Isabella's marriage to Ferdinand of Aragon in 1469 created the basis of the de facto unification of Spain. With Ferdinand's help, she won the War of the Castilian Succession, securing her position as Queen of Castille. Isabella reorganized the governmental system, brought the crime rate down, and unburdened the kingdom of the debt which her half-brother King Henry IV had left behind. Her reforms and those she made with her husband had an influence that extended well beyond the borders of their united kingdoms. Isabella and Ferdinand are known for being the first monarchs to be referred to as the queen and king of Spain, respectively. Their actions included completion of the Reconquista, the Alhambra Decree which ordered the mass expulsion of Jews from Spain, initiating the Spanish Inquisition, financing Christopher Columbus's 1492 voyage to the New World, and establishing the Spanish Empire, making Spain a major power in Europe and the world and ultimately ushering in the Spanish Golden Age. Together with her husband, Isabella was granted the title of "Catholic Monarch" by Pope Alexander VI, a Spaniard. Her sainthood cause was opened in 1958, and in 1974 she was granted the title of Servant of God in the Catholic Church.

Infobox

Reign
11 December 1474 – 26 November 1504
Coronation
13 December 1474
Predecessor
Henry IV
Successor
Joanna I
Co-monarch
Ferdinand V (from 1475)
Tenure
20 January 1479 – 26 November 1504
Born
22 April 1451 (1451-04-22)Madrigal de las Altas Torres, Ávila, Crown of Castile
Died
26 November 1504(1504-11-26) (aged 53)Medina del Campo, Valladolid, Crown of Castile
Burial
Royal Chapel of Granada, Andalusia, Spain
Spouse
mw- Ferdinand II of Aragon (m. 1469)
Issuemore...
mw- Isabella, Queen of Portugal John, Prince of Asturias Joanna, Queen of Castile and Aragon Maria, Queen of Portugal Catherine, Queen of England
House
Trastámara
Father
John II of Castile
Mother
Isabella of Portugal
Religion
Roman Catholicism

Tables

· External links
Regnal titles
Regnal titles
Isabella I of Castile House of TrastámaraBorn: 22 April 1451 Died: 26 November 1504
Regnal titles
Preceded byHenry IV
Preceded byHenry IV
Isabella I of Castile House of TrastámaraBorn: 22 April 1451 Died: 26 November 1504
Preceded byHenry IV
Isabella I of Castile House of TrastámaraBorn: 22 April 1451 Died: 26 November 1504
Queen regnant of Castile, León, Toledo, Galicia, Seville, Córdoba, Murcia, Jaén, Algeciras and Gibraltar 1474–1504with Ferdinand V (1475–1504)
Isabella I of Castile House of TrastámaraBorn: 22 April 1451 Died: 26 November 1504
Succeeded byJoanna I
Preceded byMuhammad XIIas Sultan
Preceded byMuhammad XIIas Sultan
Isabella I of Castile House of TrastámaraBorn: 22 April 1451 Died: 26 November 1504
Preceded byMuhammad XIIas Sultan
Isabella I of Castile House of TrastámaraBorn: 22 April 1451 Died: 26 November 1504
Queen regnant of Granada 1492–1504with Ferdinand V
Spanish royalty
Spanish royalty
Isabella I of Castile House of TrastámaraBorn: 22 April 1451 Died: 26 November 1504
Spanish royalty
VacantTitle last held byJuana Enríquez
VacantTitle last held byJuana Enríquez
Isabella I of Castile House of TrastámaraBorn: 22 April 1451 Died: 26 November 1504
VacantTitle last held byJuana Enríquez
Isabella I of Castile House of TrastámaraBorn: 22 April 1451 Died: 26 November 1504
Queen consort of Sicily 1469–1504
Isabella I of Castile House of TrastámaraBorn: 22 April 1451 Died: 26 November 1504
VacantTitle next held byGermaine of Foix
Queen consort of Aragon 1479–1504
Queen consort of Aragon 1479–1504
Isabella I of Castile House of TrastámaraBorn: 22 April 1451 Died: 26 November 1504
Queen consort of Aragon 1479–1504
Preceded byAnne of Brittany
Preceded byAnne of Brittany
Isabella I of Castile House of TrastámaraBorn: 22 April 1451 Died: 26 November 1504
Preceded byAnne of Brittany
Isabella I of Castile House of TrastámaraBorn: 22 April 1451 Died: 26 November 1504
Queen consort of Naples 1504
Spanish nobility
Spanish nobility
Isabella I of Castile House of TrastámaraBorn: 22 April 1451 Died: 26 November 1504
Spanish nobility
Preceded byAlfonso
Preceded byAlfonso
Isabella I of Castile House of TrastámaraBorn: 22 April 1451 Died: 26 November 1504
Preceded byAlfonso
Isabella I of Castile House of TrastámaraBorn: 22 April 1451 Died: 26 November 1504
Princess of Asturias 1468–1474
Isabella I of Castile House of TrastámaraBorn: 22 April 1451 Died: 26 November 1504
Succeeded byIsabella
Titles in pretence
Titles in pretence
Isabella I of Castile House of TrastámaraBorn: 22 April 1451 Died: 26 November 1504
Titles in pretence
Preceded byHenry IV
Preceded byHenry IV
Isabella I of Castile House of TrastámaraBorn: 22 April 1451 Died: 26 November 1504
Preceded byHenry IV
Isabella I of Castile House of TrastámaraBorn: 22 April 1451 Died: 26 November 1504
— TITULAR — Queen regnant of the Algarve 1474–1504
Isabella I of Castile House of TrastámaraBorn: 22 April 1451 Died: 26 November 1504
Succeeded byJoanna I
Isabella I of Castile House of TrastámaraBorn: 22 April 1451 Died: 26 November 1504
Regnal titles
Preceded byHenry IV
Queen regnant of Castile, León, Toledo, Galicia, Seville, Córdoba, Murcia, Jaén, Algeciras and Gibraltar 1474–1504with Ferdinand V (1475–1504)
Succeeded byJoanna I
Preceded byMuhammad XIIas Sultan
Queen regnant of Granada 1492–1504with Ferdinand V
Spanish royalty
VacantTitle last held byJuana Enríquez
Queen consort of Sicily 1469–1504
VacantTitle next held byGermaine of Foix
Queen consort of Aragon 1479–1504
Preceded byAnne of Brittany
Queen consort of Naples 1504
Spanish nobility
Preceded byAlfonso
Princess of Asturias 1468–1474
Succeeded byIsabella
Titles in pretence
Preceded byHenry IV
— TITULAR — Queen regnant of the Algarve 1474–1504
Succeeded byJoanna I

References

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  2. Pacheco later reconciled with Henry IV and supported Joanna's cause.
  3. Susannah Ferreira writes that at the time of Joanna's birth, "there were no rumors of her mother's infidelity or her fat
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  10. "To seize power in Spain, Queen Isabella had to play it smart: Bold, strategic, and steady, Isabella of Castile navigated an unlikely rise to the throne and ushered in a golden age for Spain"
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  54. ↓ Spanish historian Ana Carrasco Manchado: "...The battle [of Toro] was fierce and uncertain, and because of that both s
    https://books.google.com/books?id=qADOoHct1MwC&q=Isabel+I+de+Castilla+y+la+sombra+de+la+ilegitimidad.+Propaganda+y+representación+en+el+conflicto+sucesorio+%281474-1482%29
  55. ↓ Spanish historian Cesáreo Fernández Duro: "...For those who ignore the background of these circumstances it will certa
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  59. ↓ chronicler Hernando del Pulgar (Castilian): "...promptly, those 6 Castilian captains, which we already told were at th
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  60. ↓ chronicler Garcia de Resende (Portuguese): "... And being the battles of both sides ordered that way and prepared to a
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  61. ↓ chronicler Juan de Mariana (Castilian): "(...) the [Castilian] horsemen (...) moved forward(...).They were received by
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  62. ↓ chronicler Damião de Góis (Portuguese): "(...) these Castilians who were on the right of the Castilian Royal battle, r
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  63. ↓ chronicler Juan de Mariana (Castilian): "...the enemy led by prince D. John of Portugal, who without suffering defeat,
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  64. ↓ chronicler Rui de Pina (Portuguese): "And being the two enemy battles face to face, the Castilian battle was deeply ag
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  67. ↓ Spanish academic António M. Serrano: " From all of this it is deductible that the battle [of Toro] was inconclusive, b
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  70. ↓ Spanish academic Rafael Dominguez Casas: "...San Juan de los Reyes resulted from the royal will to build a monastery t
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  72. ↓ Historian Marvin Lunenfeld: "In 1476, immediately after the indecisive battle of Peleagonzalo [near Toro], Ferdinand a
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  75. ↓ Historian Malyn Newitt: "However, in 1478 the Portuguese surprised thirty-five Castilian ships returning from Mina [Gu
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  80. ↓ Pina, Chronica de El-Rei D. Affonso V, 3rd book, chapter CXCIV (Editorial error: Chapter CXCIV erroneously appears as
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  81. ↓ Quesada, Portugueses en la frontera de Granada, 2000, p. 98. In 1476 Ceuta was simultaneously besieged by the moors an
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