Irreligion in the United States
Updated: 11/6/2025, 1:46:35 AM Wikipedia source
In the United States, between 6% and 11% of the population demonstrated nonreligious attitudes and naturalistic worldviews, namely atheists or agnostics. Other given answers are: "Nothing in particular", "Agnostics", "Christians", "Jewish", "Buddhists", "Other religions" and "Don't know/Refused". Atheists are between 4% and 7% of American adults. Agnostics make up between 4 and 5% of the adult population. A growing proportion of people appear to be reporting no religious affiliation on surveys. The percentage of Americans without religious affiliation, often labeled as "Nones", is between 22 and 31%. "No answer" is between 2 and 3%. According to Gallup, the "None" answer to "religious preference" has grown from 2% in 1948 to 22% in 2023. "Other" and "No answer" have been somewhat stable. According to Pew, all three subgroups that together make up the religious "nones" have grown over time: in 2021, atheists were 4% (up from 2% in 2011), 5% agnostics (3% a decade before) and 20% "nothing in particular" (14% ten years before). In 2023, atheists are still 4%. However, an Interdisciplinary Journal of Research on Religion article says atheists were already about 4% around 2008 and that had been the case since at least the 1940s. Most of the increase in the unaffiliated comes from people who had weak or no commitment to religion in the first place, not from people who had a religious commitment. The decrease in strong belief was slower. Still, "Nones" is an unclear category. It is a heterogenous group of the not religious and intermittently religious. For Robert C. Fuller, there are three types of unchurched: some who aren’t religious at all ("secular humanists"), those whose relationships with organized religion are ambiguous and those who are religious but unaffiliated with a church. Researchers argue that most of the "Nones" should be considered "unchurched", rather than objectively nonreligious; especially since most "Nones" do hold some religious-spiritual beliefs and a notable amount participate in such behaviors. For example, 72% of American "Nones" believe in God or a higher power and a majority believe in spiritual forces beyond the natural world, and the existence of souls. Even 23% of self-identified atheists believe in a higher power, but not a god as described in the bible. The majority of the "Nones" are not nonbelievers. The "None" response is more of an indicator for lacking affiliation than an active measure for irreligiosity, and a majority of the "Nones" can either be conventionally religious or "spiritual". Americans may be becoming more "spiritual" and less "religious". Some do appear to be spiritual but not religious. Their numbers may be growing. Social scientists observe that nonreligious Americans are characterized by indifference. Very few incorporate active irreligion as part of their identity, and only about 1-2% join groups promoting such values. Nonetheless, secular congregations have emerged. Secular Americans are complex and not always devoid of religious or spiritual things.
Tables
· Tables › Various beliefs
Believe in God
Believe in God
Traits
Believe in God
% Nones (2012)
68%
Consider themselves religious
Consider themselves religious
Traits
Consider themselves religious
% Nones (2012)
18%
Consider themselves spiritual but not religious
Consider themselves spiritual but not religious
Traits
Consider themselves spiritual but not religious
% Nones (2012)
37%
Consider themselves as neither spiritual nor religious
Consider themselves as neither spiritual nor religious
Traits
Consider themselves as neither spiritual nor religious
% Nones (2012)
42%
Pray every day
Pray every day
Traits
Pray every day
% Nones (2012)
21%
Pray once a month
Pray once a month
Traits
Pray once a month
% Nones (2012)
21%
| Traits | % Nones (2012) |
| Believe in God | 68% |
| Consider themselves religious | 18% |
| Consider themselves spiritual but not religious | 37% |
| Consider themselves as neither spiritual nor religious | 42% |
| Pray every day | 21% |
| Pray once a month | 21% |
· Tables › "Nones" by state
–
–
Rank
–
Jurisdiction
United States
% "Nones" (2007)
16%
% "Nones" (2014)
23%
01
01
Rank
01
Jurisdiction
Vermont
% "Nones" (2007)
34%
% "Nones" (2014)
37%
02
02
Rank
02
Jurisdiction
New Hampshire
% "Nones" (2007)
29%
% "Nones" (2014)
36%
03
03
Rank
03
Jurisdiction
Washington
% "Nones" (2007)
23%
% "Nones" (2014)
32%
04
04
Rank
04
Jurisdiction
Massachusetts
% "Nones" (2007)
20%
% "Nones" (2014)
32%
05
05
Rank
05
Jurisdiction
Alaska
% "Nones" (2007)
27%
% "Nones" (2014)
31%
06
06
Rank
06
Jurisdiction
Maine
% "Nones" (2007)
25%
% "Nones" (2014)
31%
07
07
Rank
07
Jurisdiction
Oregon
% "Nones" (2007)
27%
% "Nones" (2014)
31%
08
08
Rank
08
Jurisdiction
Montana
% "Nones" (2007)
21%
% "Nones" (2014)
30%
09
09
Rank
09
Jurisdiction
Colorado
% "Nones" (2007)
25%
% "Nones" (2014)
29%
10
10
Rank
10
Jurisdiction
Nevada
% "Nones" (2007)
21%
% "Nones" (2014)
28%
11
11
Rank
11
Jurisdiction
Idaho
% "Nones" (2007)
18%
% "Nones" (2014)
27%
12
12
Rank
12
Jurisdiction
California
% "Nones" (2007)
21%
% "Nones" (2014)
27%
13
13
Rank
13
Jurisdiction
Arizona
% "Nones" (2007)
22%
% "Nones" (2014)
27%
14
14
Rank
14
Jurisdiction
New York
% "Nones" (2007)
17%
% "Nones" (2014)
27%
15
15
Rank
15
Jurisdiction
Wyoming
% "Nones" (2007)
28%
% "Nones" (2014)
26%
16
16
Rank
16
Jurisdiction
Hawaii
% "Nones" (2007)
18%
% "Nones" (2014)
26%
17
17
Rank
17
Jurisdiction
Indiana
% "Nones" (2007)
16%
% "Nones" (2014)
26%
18
18
Rank
18
Jurisdiction
Wisconsin
% "Nones" (2007)
16%
% "Nones" (2014)
25%
19
19
Rank
19
Jurisdiction
District of Columbia
% "Nones" (2007)
18%
% "Nones" (2014)
24%
20
20
Rank
20
Jurisdiction
Michigan
% "Nones" (2007)
17%
% "Nones" (2014)
24%
21
21
Rank
21
Jurisdiction
Florida
% "Nones" (2007)
16%
% "Nones" (2014)
24%
22
22
Rank
22
Jurisdiction
Delaware
% "Nones" (2007)
19%
% "Nones" (2014)
23%
23
23
Rank
23
Jurisdiction
Connecticut
% "Nones" (2007)
20%
% "Nones" (2014)
23%
24
24
Rank
24
Jurisdiction
Maryland
% "Nones" (2007)
16%
% "Nones" (2014)
23%
25
25
Rank
25
Jurisdiction
Ohio
% "Nones" (2007)
17%
% "Nones" (2014)
22%
26
26
Rank
26
Jurisdiction
Utah
% "Nones" (2007)
16%
% "Nones" (2014)
22%
27
27
Rank
27
Jurisdiction
Illinois
% "Nones" (2007)
15%
% "Nones" (2014)
22%
28
28
Rank
28
Jurisdiction
Kentucky
% "Nones" (2007)
12%
% "Nones" (2014)
22%
29
29
Rank
29
Jurisdiction
New Mexico
% "Nones" (2007)
21%
% "Nones" (2014)
21%
30
30
Rank
30
Jurisdiction
Iowa
% "Nones" (2007)
15%
% "Nones" (2014)
21%
31
31
Rank
31
Jurisdiction
Pennsylvania
% "Nones" (2007)
13%
% "Nones" (2014)
21%
32
32
Rank
32
Jurisdiction
Rhode Island
% "Nones" (2007)
23%
% "Nones" (2014)
20%
33
33
Rank
33
Jurisdiction
Nebraska
% "Nones" (2007)
16%
% "Nones" (2014)
20%
34
34
Rank
34
Jurisdiction
Virginia
% "Nones" (2007)
18%
% "Nones" (2014)
20%
35
35
Rank
35
Jurisdiction
Missouri
% "Nones" (2007)
16%
% "Nones" (2014)
20%
36
36
Rank
36
Jurisdiction
Minnesota
% "Nones" (2007)
13%
% "Nones" (2014)
20%
37
37
Rank
37
Jurisdiction
Kansas
% "Nones" (2007)
14%
% "Nones" (2014)
20%
38
38
Rank
38
Jurisdiction
North Carolina
% "Nones" (2007)
12%
% "Nones" (2014)
20%
39
39
Rank
39
Jurisdiction
North Dakota
% "Nones" (2007)
11%
% "Nones" (2014)
20%
40
40
Rank
40
Jurisdiction
South Carolina
% "Nones" (2007)
10%
% "Nones" (2014)
19%
41
41
Rank
41
Jurisdiction
New Jersey
% "Nones" (2007)
12%
% "Nones" (2014)
18%
42
42
Rank
42
Jurisdiction
West Virginia
% "Nones" (2007)
19%
% "Nones" (2014)
18%
43
43
Rank
43
Jurisdiction
South Dakota
% "Nones" (2007)
12%
% "Nones" (2014)
18%
44
44
Rank
44
Jurisdiction
Texas
% "Nones" (2007)
12%
% "Nones" (2014)
18%
45
45
Rank
45
Jurisdiction
Oklahoma
% "Nones" (2007)
12%
% "Nones" (2014)
18%
46
46
Rank
46
Jurisdiction
Georgia
% "Nones" (2007)
13%
% "Nones" (2014)
18%
47
47
Rank
47
Jurisdiction
Arkansas
% "Nones" (2007)
13%
% "Nones" (2014)
18%
48
48
Rank
48
Jurisdiction
Tennessee
% "Nones" (2007)
12%
% "Nones" (2014)
14%
49
49
Rank
49
Jurisdiction
Mississippi
% "Nones" (2007)
6%
% "Nones" (2014)
14%
50
50
Rank
50
Jurisdiction
Louisiana
% "Nones" (2007)
8%
% "Nones" (2014)
13%
51
51
Rank
51
Jurisdiction
Alabama
% "Nones" (2007)
8%
% "Nones" (2014)
12%
| Rank | Jurisdiction | % "Nones" (2007) | % "Nones" (2014) |
| – | United States | 16% | 23% |
| 01 | Vermont | 34% | 37% |
| 02 | New Hampshire | 29% | 36% |
| 03 | Washington | 23% | 32% |
| 04 | Massachusetts | 20% | 32% |
| 05 | Alaska | 27% | 31% |
| 06 | Maine | 25% | 31% |
| 07 | Oregon | 27% | 31% |
| 08 | Montana | 21% | 30% |
| 09 | Colorado | 25% | 29% |
| 10 | Nevada | 21% | 28% |
| 11 | Idaho | 18% | 27% |
| 12 | California | 21% | 27% |
| 13 | Arizona | 22% | 27% |
| 14 | New York | 17% | 27% |
| 15 | Wyoming | 28% | 26% |
| 16 | Hawaii | 18% | 26% |
| 17 | Indiana | 16% | 26% |
| 18 | Wisconsin | 16% | 25% |
| 19 | District of Columbia | 18% | 24% |
| 20 | Michigan | 17% | 24% |
| 21 | Florida | 16% | 24% |
| 22 | Delaware | 19% | 23% |
| 23 | Connecticut | 20% | 23% |
| 24 | Maryland | 16% | 23% |
| 25 | Ohio | 17% | 22% |
| 26 | Utah | 16% | 22% |
| 27 | Illinois | 15% | 22% |
| 28 | Kentucky | 12% | 22% |
| 29 | New Mexico | 21% | 21% |
| 30 | Iowa | 15% | 21% |
| 31 | Pennsylvania | 13% | 21% |
| 32 | Rhode Island | 23% | 20% |
| 33 | Nebraska | 16% | 20% |
| 34 | Virginia | 18% | 20% |
| 35 | Missouri | 16% | 20% |
| 36 | Minnesota | 13% | 20% |
| 37 | Kansas | 14% | 20% |
| 38 | North Carolina | 12% | 20% |
| 39 | North Dakota | 11% | 20% |
| 40 | South Carolina | 10% | 19% |
| 41 | New Jersey | 12% | 18% |
| 42 | West Virginia | 19% | 18% |
| 43 | South Dakota | 12% | 18% |
| 44 | Texas | 12% | 18% |
| 45 | Oklahoma | 12% | 18% |
| 46 | Georgia | 13% | 18% |
| 47 | Arkansas | 13% | 18% |
| 48 | Tennessee | 12% | 14% |
· Tables › "Nones" by territory
U.S. Virgin Islands
U.S. Virgin Islands
Territories
U.S. Virgin Islands
% Nones (2010)
3.8% or 3.7%
Puerto Rico
Puerto Rico
Territories
Puerto Rico
% Nones (2010)
1.9%
Guam
Guam
Territories
Guam
% Nones (2010)
1.7%
Northern Mariana Islands
Northern Mariana Islands
Territories
Northern Mariana Islands
% Nones (2010)
1%
American Samoa
American Samoa
Territories
American Samoa
% Nones (2010)
0.7%
| Territories | % Nones (2010) |
| Virgin Islands | 3.8% or 3.7% |
| Puerto Rico | 1.9% |
| Guam | 1.7% |
| Northern Mariana Islands | 1% |
| American Samoa | 0.7% |
· Tables › "Nones" by region
West
West
Region
West
% Nones (2014)
28%
Northeast
Northeast
Region
Northeast
% Nones (2014)
25%
Midwest
Midwest
Region
Midwest
% Nones (2014)
22%
South
South
Region
South
% Nones (2014)
19%
| Region | % Nones (2014) |
| West | 28% |
| Northeast | 25% |
| Midwest | 22% |
| South | 19% |
· Tables › "None" demographics
White
White
Race
White
% Unaffiliated
20%
Hispanic
Hispanic
Race
Hispanic
% Unaffiliated
16%
Black
Black
Race
Black
% Unaffiliated
15%
| Race | % Unaffiliated |
| White | 20% |
| Hispanic | 16% |
| Black | 15% |
· Tables › "None" demographics
Men
Men
Gender
Men
% Unaffiliated
23%
Women
Women
Gender
Women
% Unaffiliated
17%
| Gender | % Unaffiliated |
| Men | 23% |
| Women | 17% |
· Tables › "None" demographics
Younger Millennials(1990–1994)
Younger Millennials(1990–1994)
Generation(years of birth)
Younger Millennials(1990–1994)
% Unaffiliated
34%
Older Millennials(1981–1989)
Older Millennials(1981–1989)
Generation(years of birth)
Older Millennials(1981–1989)
% Unaffiliated
30%
GenXers(1965–1980)
GenXers(1965–1980)
Generation(years of birth)
GenXers(1965–1980)
% Unaffiliated
21%
Boomers(1946–1964)
Boomers(1946–1964)
Generation(years of birth)
Boomers(1946–1964)
% Unaffiliated
15%
Silent(1928–1945)
Silent(1928–1945)
Generation(years of birth)
Silent(1928–1945)
% Unaffiliated
9%
Greatest(1913–1927)
Greatest(1913–1927)
Generation(years of birth)
Greatest(1913–1927)
% Unaffiliated
5%
| Generation(years of birth) | % Unaffiliated |
| Younger Millennials(1990–1994) | 34% |
| Older Millennials(1981–1989) | 30% |
| GenXers(1965–1980) | 21% |
| Boomers(1946–1964) | 15% |
| Silent(1928–1945) | 9% |
| Greatest(1913–1927) | 5% |
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- Pew Research Centerhttps://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/09/14/the-factors-driving-the-growth-of-religious-nones-in-the-u-s/
- Belief without Borders : Inside the Minds of the Spiritual but not Religious
- American Sociological Reviewhttps://doi.org/10.2307%2F3088891
- After the Baby Boomers : How Twenty- and Thirty-Somethings are Shaping the Future of American religionhttps://archive.org/details/afterbabyboomers0000wuth/page/51
- Pew Research Centerhttps://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/01/08/qa-why-millennials-are-less-religious-than-older-americans/
- The Secular Paradox: On the Religiosity of the Not Religious
- "Nones" on the Risehttps://www.pewforum.org/2012/10/09/nones-on-the-rise-religion/
- Pew Research Centerhttps://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2012/11/15/most-of-the-religiously-unaffiliated-still-keep-belief-in-god/
- "The Association of Religion Data Archives | National Profiles"https://web.archive.org/web/20131012050428/http://www.thearda.com/internationalData/countries/Country_240_2.asp
- "Pew-Templeton Global Religious Futures Project"https://www.pewresearch.org/topic/religion/religious-demographics/pew-templeton-global-religious-futures-project/#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010
- "Pew-Templeton Global Religious Futures Project: Guam"https://web.archive.org/web/20151025174256/https://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/guam/religious_demography
- "The Association of Religion Data Archives | National Profiles"https://web.archive.org/web/20131012045328/http://www.thearda.com/internationalData/countries/Country_169_2.asp
- "Pew-Templeton Global Religious Futures Project: Northern Mariana Islands"https://web.archive.org/web/20140123092126/http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/northern-mariana-islands#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010
- "Pew-Templeton Global Religious Futures Project: American Samoa"https://web.archive.org/web/20140123084955/http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/american-samoa#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010
- Los Angeles Timeshttps://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2009-mar-16-me-beliefs16-story.html
- "'No Religion' on the Rise: One-in-Five Adults Have No Religious Affiliation"https://web.archive.org/web/20181225135016/http://www.pewforum.org/2012/10/09/nones-on-the-rise/
- Pew Research Centerhttps://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/11/09/how-the-faithful-voted-a-preliminary-2016-analysis/
- Washington Posthttps://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2016/07/14/the-non-religious-are-now-the-countrys-largest-religious-voting-bloc/
- The New York Timeshttps://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/10/us/politics/politicians-who-speak-of-religion-in-unaccustomed-ways.html