-
Morgan: "eighty rods"
-
"three rods"
-
Cayuga: Hodinǫ̱hsǫ́:nih
Mohawk: Rotinonshón:ni
Onondaga: Ganųhcyų́·nih
Seneca: Hodínöhšö:ni:h
Tuscarora: Akunęhsyę̀·niˀ
-
This is frequently used on the official Haudenosaunee Confederacy website.
-
[e] pronunciation according to Goddard (1978). [ɛ] pronunciation according to Day (1968).
-
The American Heritage encyclopedia relates that the Europeans learned about many of the interior tribes through the name
-
The American Heritage Book of Indians states that oral tradition recounts that other Iroquoian peoples were given the op
-
The 'fierce' Susquehannock declined rapidly following three years of epidemic disease in 1670–1672. They had been a regi
-
extinct in part, but their surviving members sometimes were adopted by the Iroquois. The Editors of American Heritage Bo
-
Encyclopedia.com
https://www.encyclopedia.com/social-sciences-and-law/sociology-and-social-reform/sociology-general-terms-and-concepts/stateless -
Houses and House-Life of the American Aborigines
-
Dyck, Carrie, Froman, Frances, Keye, Alfred & Keye, Lottie. 2024. A grammar and dictionary of Gayogo̱hó:nǫˀ (Cayuga). (S
https://langsci-press.org/catalog/book/398 -
"Rotinonsionni, which is the Kanienkehaka (Mohawk) word for Haudenosaunee". Kanienkehaka Lifeways – Mohawk Valley, circa
http://1704.deerfield.history.museum/popups/glossary.do?shortName=rotinonsionni -
Onondaga-English / English-Onondaga Dictionary
https://archive.org/details/onondagaenglishe0000wood -
English-Seneca Dictionary
https://senecalanguage.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/SENECA-DICTIONARY-FINAL.pdf -
Oneida–English/English–Oneida Dictionary
https://archive.org/details/tuscaroraenglish0000rude_x3e6/mode/1up -
The New York Times
https://www.nytimes.com/2022/07/27/sports/how-indigenous-athletes-are-reclaiming-lacrosse.html -
"Who We Are". Haudenosaunee Confederacy. Accessed October 24, 2025.
https://www.haudenosauneeconfederacy.com/who-we-are/ -
"Haudenosaunee (Iroquois)". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Accessed October 2025.
https://thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/iroquois -
The storied landscape of Iroquoia: history, conquest, and memory in the Native northeast
-
Iroquoia
https://doi.org/10.1093%2Foxfordhb%2F9780199858897.013.10 -
Texture of Contact: European and Indian Settler Communities on the Frontiers of Iroquoia, 1667-1783
-
Native Land Digital
https://native-land.ca/maps/territories/haudenosauneega-confederacy -
Untitled Document
https://www.departments.bucknell.edu/environmental_center/sunbury/website/HistoryofIroquoisIndians.shtml -
Native America
https://www.pbs.org/native-america/blog/how-the-iroquois-great-law-of-peace-shaped-us-democracy#:~:text=The%20Iroquois%20Confederacy%2C%20founded%20by,democracy%20on%20earth(2 -
NPS.gov Homepage (U.S. National Park Service)
https://www.nps.gov/articles/000/the-six-nations-confederacy-during-the-american-revolution.htm#:~:text=The%2520Five%2520Nations%252C%2520comprised%2520of,1200.%7Cref= -
The middle ground: Indians, empires, and republics in the Great Lakes region, 1650–1815
https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/22344887 -
Unconquered : the Iroquois League at war in colonial America
https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/230726514 -
Daeg de Mott 2009.
-
"Divided We Stand: The Haudenosaunee, Their Passport and Legal Implications of Their Recognition in Canada and the United States"
https://digital.sandiego.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1094&context=ilj -
"The American Indian and Alaska Native Population: 2010"
https://www.census.gov/history/pdf/c2010br-10.pdf -
Haudenosaunee Confederacy
http://www.haudenosauneeconfederacy.com/ -
Advances in the Study of Siouan Languages and Linguistics
-
The Smithsonian National Museum of the American Indian
https://americanindian.si.edu/sites/1/files/pdf/education/HaudenosauneeGuide.pdf -
US National Park Service
https://parkplanning.nps.gov/showFile.cfm?projectID=91275&MIMEType=application%252Fpdf&filename=NPS%5FFinger%5FLakes%5FContext%5FThemes%5FDRAFT%5F2021%5F508%2Epdf&sfid=462152 -
"Cultural Misconceptions"
https://www.haudenosauneeconfederacy.com/cultural-misconceptions/ -
Handbook of North American Indians: Northeast
-
Your Dictionary
https://web.archive.org/web/20200809000428/https://www.yourdictionary.com/haudenosaunee -
English – Seneca Dictionary
https://web.archive.org/web/20240619161650/https://www.akronschools.org/site/handlers/filedownload.ashx?moduleinstanceid=6603&dataid=9898&FileName=English-Seneca%201-18-12.pdf -
Morgan, 1904
-
Native American Voices
-
Day 1968.
-
Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico
-
Gale Encyclopedia of Multicultural America
https://search.credoreference.com/content/entry/galegale/iroquois_confederacy/0?institutionId=4855 -
Graymont 1972, pp. 14–15.
-
Mann & Fields 1997.
-
Johansen & Mann 2000, p. 135.
https://books.google.com/books?id=zibNDBchPkMC&pg=PA135 -
Tuscarora: A History
-
Handbook of American Indians
-
World History Commons: Source Collection: Analyzing 18th century Anglo-Iroquois Treaties
https://worldhistorycommons.org/source-collection-analyzing-treaties-between-iroquois-confederacy-and-english-colonies-18th-century -
National Park Service
https://www.nps.gov/articles/000/the-six-nations-confederacy-during-the-american-revolution.htm -
Beyond the Covenant Chain: The Iroquois and Their Neighbors in Indian North America, 1600–1800
https://doi.org/10.5325%2Fjj.27939657 -
Fenton 1998, pp. 4–5.
-
Shannon 2008, pp. 72–73.
-
The Divided Ground: Indians, Settlers, and the Northern Borderland of the American Revolution
https://www.nytimes.com/2006/05/19/arts/19iht-idside20.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0 -
Stevens 2013, p. 149.
-
Stevens 2013, p. [page needed].
-
American Indian Culture & Research Journal
https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8kp1m4nz -
Stevens 2013, p. 153.
-
MacLeod 2012, p. xiv.
-
Stevens 2013, p. 161.
-
Stevens 2013, p. 148.
-
Algonquian and Iroquoian Linguistics
https://books.google.com/books?id=2991AAAAMAAJ -
Stevens 2013, p. 162.
-
The American Heritage Book of Indians
-
Fenton 1998, p. 69.
-
Shannon 2008, p. 25.
-
Graymont (1972), pp. 14–15.
"It was a confederation based on kinship—a symbolic household. They called their confederati
-
Akwesasne Notes
http://www.ratical.org/many_worlds/6Nations/DatingIC.html -
Johansen & Mann 2000, p. 105, "Ganondagan".
https://books.google.com/books?id=zibNDBchPkMC&pg=PA105 -
Mann 2005, p. 333.
-
American Indian Culture and Research Journal
https://escholarship.org/uc/item/27g1b5px -
Snow 1994, p. 231.
-
The Iroquois
-
Onondaga Nation School
https://web.archive.org/web/20080613223453/http://www.onondaganationschool.org/history/history.html -
Onondaga Nation
https://www.onondaganation.org/government/chiefs/ -
Mann 2005, p. 334.
-
The Wilderness Trail
-
Oklahoma Historical Society's Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture
https://web.archive.org/web/20110102050914/http://digital.library.okstate.edu/encyclopedia/entries/O/OS001.html -
See history of Erie people, Susquehannock, Tuscarora people and the Wyandot (Huron) peoples.
-
Reflections in Bullough's Pond
-
"Oneida Nation | Kayanlaˀ Kówa – Great Law of Peace"
https://oneida-nsn.gov/our-ways/our-story/great-law-of-peace/ -
Johnson 2003, p. 7.
-
Johnson 2003, pp. 7–8.
-
The Massawomeck
-
Johnson 2003, p. 8.
-
Jordan (2013), p. 37.
-
Indigenous continent: the epic contest for North America
https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1330712844 -
The History of the County of Brant
-
Catholic Encyclopedia
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07565a.htm -
Warpaths: Invasions of North America
-
Richter 1992, p. 57.
-
American Colonies
-
Ethnohistory
https://muse.jhu.edu/article/174400 -
Johnson 2003, p. 9.
-
puffin.creighton.edu
https://web.archive.org/web/20061206004906/http://puffin.creighton.edu/jesuit/relations/relations_28.html -
www.historicplaces.ca
http://www.historicplaces.ca/en/rep-reg/place-lieu.aspx?id=14461 -
www.historicplaces.ca
http://www.historicplaces.ca/en/rep-reg/place-lieu.aspx?id=14403 -
The Children of Aataentsic: A History of the Huron People to 1660
-
Johnson 2003, p. 10.
-
Jennings, p. 135.<--Jennings, F. (1988). Empire of fortune: crown, colonies, and tribes in the Seven Years War in Americ
-
Empire of fortune: crown, colonies, and tribes in the Seven Years War in America
-
Empire of fortune: crown, colonies, and tribes in the Seven Years War in America
https://books.google.com/books?id=VsBPyRfdHEAC&pg=PA259 -
Parmenter 2007, p. 42.
-
Parmenter 2007, p. 43.
-
www.srbc.gov
https://www.srbc.gov/our-work/pamphlets/susquehannock.html -
Parmenter 2007, p. 44.
-
MacLeod 2012, p. xi.
-
Parmenter 2007, pp. 44–45.
-
Parmenter 2007, p. 46.
-
Parmenter 2007, pp. 45–46.
-
Dictionary of Canadian Biography
http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/brisay_de_denonville_jacques_rene_de_2E.html -
Count Frontenac and New France under Louis XIV
https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_bdRFjHYFnBcC -
Johnson 2003, p. 11.
-
Encyclopædia Britannica
https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Frontenac_et_Palluau,_Louis_de_Buade -
Two Row Times
https://tworowtimes.com/historical/1701-nanfan-treaty/ -
Parmenter 2007, pp. 40–41.
-
Parmenter 2007, pp. 39–76.
-
"The Four Indian Kings"
https://web.archive.org/web/20190126084121/http://www.collectionscanada.ca/virtual-vault/4-kings/index-e.html -
Conrad Weiser and the Indian Policy of Colonial Pennsylvania
-
Paxton 2008, p. 12.
-
Paxton 2008, p. 13.
-
Paxton 2008, p. 14.
-
Johnson 2003, p. 12.
-
Johnson 2003, pp. 12–13.
-
Johnson 2003, p. 13.
-
Johnson 2003, p. 14.
-
MacLeod 2012, p. 23.
-
MacLeod 2012, pp. 23–25.
-
MacLeod 2012, pp. 24–25.
-
MacLeod 2012, pp. 26–27.
-
MacLeod 2012, p. 30.
-
MacLeod 2012, pp. 30–31.
-
MacLeod 2012, p. 31.
-
MacLeod 2012, pp. 31–32.
-
MacLeod 2012, p. 32.
-
MacLeod 2012, pp. 32–33.
-
MacLeod 2012, p. 35.
-
MacLeod 2012, p. 27.
-
Keeping promises : the Royal Proclamation of 1763, aboriginal rights, and treaties in Canada
https://books.google.com/books?id=OSTCDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA201 -
Johnson 2003, p. 15.
-
"Oneida Nation of New York Conveyance of Lands Into Trust"
https://web.archive.org/web/20090420112109/http://www.doi.gov/bia/docs/oneida_deis_aug2806/Section3.6DEISAugust28th%2C2006.pdf -
Johnson 2003, pp. 15–16.
-
Johnson 2003, p. 16.
-
Graymont 1972, p. [page needed].
-
Crawford 1994.
-
The Virginia Magazine of History and biography
-
Crawford 1994, p. 370.
-
Graymont 1972, p. 49.
-
Johnson 2003, p. 17.
-
Johnson 2003, pp. 16–18.
-
Johnson 2003, p. 19.
-
The Oneidas
https://books.google.com/books?id=Yow-AAAAYAAJ&pg=GBS.PA326 -
"Southesk"
https://web.archive.org/web/20140310174503/http://www.royalalbertamuseum.ca/onlineExhibit/southesk/rockyMountains_waniyandes.cfm -
"The Iroquois of the Rocky Mountain Trench"
https://calverley.ca/article/01-039-the-iroquois-of-the-rocky-mountain-trench/ -
"The Iroquois in the Peace River Area"
https://web.archive.org/web/20140417065214/http://www.calverley.ca/Part01-FirstNations/01-040.html -
"Mountain Métis Story"
https://web.archive.org/web/20140301102845/http://www.mountainmetis.com/pages/our_story.html -
"Ancestral History – Aseniwuche Winewak Nation of Canada – Canada's Rocky Mountain Aboriginal People"
https://web.archive.org/web/20140721191221/http://aseniwuche.com/our_story/ancestral_history.html -
Johnson 2003, p. 20.
-
Chartrand 2007, p. 6.
-
Winegard 2012, p. 30.
-
Winegard 2012, pp. 76–77.
-
Winegard 2012, p. 112.
-
Winegard 2012, p. 128.
-
"Canada's Forgotten Founders: The Modern Significance of the Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) Application for Membership in the League of Nations"
http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/law/elj/lgd/2003_1/woo/ -
Aboriginal peoples: toward self-government
https://books.google.com/books?id=EGRVxZ0ZAt8C -
mohawknationnews.com
http://mohawknationnews.com/blog/2013/04/24/un-chicanery/ -
Morton 1999, p. 273.
-
"U.S. House of Representatives Resolution 108, 83rd Congress, 1953. (U.S. Statutes at Large, 67: B132.)"
https://web.archive.org/web/20070608052514/http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/native_voices/voices_display.cfm?id=96 -
www.justice.gov
https://web.archive.org/web/20210415092737/https://www.justice.gov/enrd/lead-indian-claims-commission-act-1946 -
Philip 2002, pp. 21–33.
-
digital.library.okstate.edu
https://web.archive.org/web/20170701153341/http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/vol6/html_files/v6p0427b.html -
Shattuck 1991, p. 169.
-
Blood Struggle: The Rise of Modern Indian Nations
-
Digital History
https://web.archive.org/web/20070608052514/http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/native_voices/voices_display.cfm?id=96 -
"Saint Regis Mohawk Tribe – Culture and History"
https://web.archive.org/web/20141220040158/http://www.srmt-nsn.gov/government/culture_and_history/ -
"Legislation terminating federal controls over eight Indian groups submitted to congress"
https://web.archive.org/web/20140610043006/http://www.bia.gov/cs/groups/public/documents/text/idc012737.pdf -
Johansen & Mann 2000, p. 42.
https://books.google.com/books?id=zibNDBchPkMC&pg=PA42 -
GovTrack.us
https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/88/hr1794/text -
cqpress.com
https://archive.today/20141217174231/http://library.cqpress.com/cqalmanac/document.php?id=cqal64-1304836 -
"Bill submitted to end federal ties with Seneca Indians"
https://web.archive.org/web/20170502001702/https://www.bia.gov/cs/groups/public/documents/text/idc017446.pdf -
Newspapers.com
https://web.archive.org/web/20210416174137/https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/55963524/ -
"New Bureau of Indian Affairs Assignments Announced for Senecas and Osage"
https://web.archive.org/web/20170502010420/https://www.bia.gov/cs/groups/public/documents/text/idc015564.pdf -
In the Shadow of Kinzua: The Seneca Nation of Indians Since World War II
-
"Richard Nixon: Special Message to the Congress on Indian Affairs"
https://web.archive.org/web/20160303225903/http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=2573 -
"Indian claims commission awards over $38.5 Million to Indian tribes in 1964"
https://web.archive.org/web/20140610050043/http://www.bia.gov/cs/groups/public/documents/text/idc017133.pdf -
www.iwantthenews.com
https://web.archive.org/web/20131029205854/http://www.iwantthenews.com/main.asp?Search=1&ArticleID=21652&SectionID=1&SubSectionID=74&S=1 -
dc.library.okstate.edu
https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215600/http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol6/html_files/v6p1104b.html -
"Laverdure Issues a Final Determination Regarding Brothertown Indian Nation Petition for Federal Acknowledgment"
https://web.archive.org/web/20170502123846/https://www.bia.gov/cs/groups/public/documents/text/idc-021437.pdf -
www.iwantthenews.com
https://web.archive.org/web/20141217065958/http://www.iwantthenews.com/main.asp?SectionID=1&SubSectionID=1&ArticleID=22293 -
Richter 1983, p. 531.
-
Richter 1983, pp. 531–532.
-
Richter 1983, pp. 530–532.
-
Richter 1983, p. 532.
-
Richter 1983, p. 535.
-
Richter 1983, p. 530.
-
Richter 1983, p. 538.
-
Richter 1983, pp. 532–533.
-
Richter 1983, p. 533.
-
Richter 1983, p. 534.
-
Richter 1983, pp. 535–536.
-
Richter 1983, p. 536.
-
Johnson 2003, p. 35.
-
Johnson 2003, p. 36.
-
Early American Literature
https://doi.org/10.1353%2Feal.2018.0046 -
Richter 1983, pp. 537–538.
-
Richter 1983, p. 537.
-
Richter 1983, p. 539.
-
Richter 1983, p. 541.
-
Richter 1983, pp. 542–543.
-
Richter 1983, p. 542.
-
Richter 1992, p. 32.
-
Pierre-Esprit Radisson: Merchant Adventurer, 1636–1701
-
Captive Women among the Iroquois
https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626328 -
Iroquois Population History and Settlement Ecology, AD 1500–1700
https://etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/8916 -
In Mohawk Country
https://books.google.com/books?id=1tbXzVpHtMsC -
Johnson 2003, p. 33.
-
Johnson 2003, p. 21.
-
Johnson 2003, p. 22.
-
Archaeology of the Iroquois: Selected Readings and Research Sources
https://books.google.com/books?id=-Jb8MF-Ib6oC&pg=PA247 -
Johnson 2003, p. 34.
-
Waugh 1916, p. 118.
-
Waugh 1916, p. 128.
-
Papers of the Michigan Academy of Sciences Arts and Letters
-
Waugh 1916, p. 120.
-
Food, Farming and Hunting
-
Lifeways: The Iroquois
https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780761408024 -
Johnson 2003, pp. 36–37.
-
Johnson 2003, p. 37.
-
Johnson 2003, p. 38.
-
Haudenosaunee Confederacy
http://www.haudenosauneeconfederacy.com/appearance.html -
www.ohwejagehka.com
https://web.archive.org/web/20240724164238/https://www.ohwejagehka.com/lang.htm -
The Wandering Bull, LLC
https://wanderingbull.com/gustoweh-headdress-instructions/ -
American Anthropologist
https://www.jstor.org/stable/659460 -
Canadian Encyclopedia
https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/false-face-society -
Documents of the Assembly of the State of New York
https://books.google.com/books?id=yvVLAQAAMAAJ&dq=Morgan+says+that+each+society+%22was+a+brotherhood+into+which+new+members+were+admitted+by+formal+initiation%22&pg=RA3-PA113 -
Reid 1996, p. 167.
-
Brascoupé & Etmanskie 2006, p. 1329.
-
"Iroquois Traditional Ceremonies – Oneida Nation | Oneida History"
https://oneida-nsn.gov/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/IROQUOIS-TRADITIONAL-CEREMONIES-8.17.pdf -
Johnson 2003, p. 24.
-
Haudenosaunee Confederacy
https://www.haudenosauneeconfederacy.com/historical-life-as-a-haudenosaunee/medicine/ -
Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences
https://www.jstor.org/stable/24531234 -
Myths of the Iroquois
https://books.google.com/books?id=oigTAAAAYAAJ -
"Gender Roles among the Iroquois"
https://dokumen.tips/documents/gender-roles-among-the-iroquois-vanier-roles-among-the-iroquois-by-katsithawi.html -
National NOW Times
https://web.archive.org/web/20000816164431/http://www.now.org/nnt/summer-99/iroquois.html -
Charlton 1968, pp. 30–34.
-
Agriculture and Human Values
https://link.springer.com/10.1007/BF01557313 -
Whispering Wind
-
Center of the American West
-
NEXUS: The Canadian Student Journal of Anthropology
https://journals.mcmaster.ca/nexus/article/view/131 -
Marriages & Families
-
American Anthropologist
https://doi.org/10.1525%2Faa.1902.4.1.02a00050 -
Johnson 2003, p. 23.
-
Brascoupé & Etmanskie 2006, p. 1328.
-
Saraydar 1990, p. 21.
-
Saraydar 1990, p. 22.
-
Saraydar 1990, p. 23.
-
Death and Rebirth of the Seneca
https://archive.org/details/deathrebirthofse0000unse -
Indigenous Values Initiative
https://indigenousvalues.org/haudenosaunee-values/thanksgiving-address-ganonhanyonh/ -
Indian Country Today
https://indiancountrytoday.com/archive/idle-no-more-decolonizing-water-food-and-natural-resources-with-tek -
Braiding Sweetgrass: Indigenous Wisdom, Scientific Knowledge, and the Teachings of Plants
-
Morgan, Thomas, 1995, pp. 200–201
-
Ethnohistory
https://www.jstor.org/stable/480613 -
Johnson 2003, p. 39.
-
The Daily Beast
http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2014/07/21/a-millennium-after-inventing-the-game-the-iroquois-are-lacrosse-s-new-superpower.html -
The Iroquois Ceremonial of Midwinter
https://books.google.com/books?id=Q8RNWdnJigQC&q=iroquois%20naming&pg=PA22 -
Bradley 1987, pp. 37, 54.
-
The Man-Eating Myth: Anthropology and Anthropophagy
-
Ethnohistory
https://doi.org/10.2307%2F481728 -
Divine Hunger: Cannibalism as a Cultural System
https://archive.org/details/divinehungercann0000sand -
History Today
http://www.historytoday.com/richard-sugg/eating-your-enemy -
Starna & Watkins 1991, p. 37.
-
Donald 2011, p. 218.
-
Donald 2011, pp. 218–219.
-
Donald 2011, p. 234.
-
Starna & Watkins 1991, pp. 35–36.
-
"Sophia Burthen Pooley: Part of the Family?"
http://www.archives.gov.on.ca/en/explore/online/slavery/sophia_pooley.aspx -
Donald 2011, p. 220.
-
Starna & Watkins 1991, p. 42.
-
Starna & Watkins 1991, p. 51.
-
Richter 1992, p. 65.
-
Richter 1992, p. 60.
-
Starna & Watkins 1991, p. 41.
-
Donald 2011, p. 222.
-
Lalemant 1899, p. 243.
-
Starna & Watkins 1991, p. 43.
-
Richter 1992, p. 68.
-
Starna & Watkins 1991, pp. 44, 47.
-
Starna & Watkins 1991, p. 44.
-
Starna & Watkins 1991, pp. 43, 50.
-
Rushforth 2012, p. 17.
-
Hennepin 1820, pp. 87–88.
-
Starna & Watkins 1991, p. 47.
-
Rushforth 2012, p. 41.
-
Starna & Watkins 1991, pp. 48–49.
-
Rushforth 2012, pp. 19, 38.
-
Starna & Watkins 1991, pp. 47–49.
-
Radical Words of the Mohawk Language with Their Derivatives [microform]
https://archive.org/details/cihm_50269 -
Rushforth 2012, p. 19.
-
Donald 2011, p. 221.
-
Richter 1992, p. 53.
-
Parmenter 2007, p. 40.
-
Richter 1992, p. 61.
-
Richter 1992, p. 64.
-
Richter 1992, pp. 71–72.
-
Gone To Croatan: Origins of North American Dropout Culture
-
"Treaty Federalism as Conflict Management: Indigenous- Settler Power Sharing in Canada"
http://www.unifr.ch/federalismnetwork/assets/files/Best%20Papers%202011/Morden%20-%20Treaty%20Federalism%20in%20Canada.pdf -
Women and freedom in early America
https://books.google.com/books?id=CrpC9UXJe_MC&pg=PA15 -
"Wampum & Wampum Belts"
https://web.archive.org/web/20120721100104/http://www.ganondagan.org/wampum.html -
"From beads to banner"
http://www.indiancountrytoday.com/archive/28214379.html -
"Haudenosaunee Flag"
https://web.archive.org/web/20110621234520/http://www.ic.arizona.edu/ic/kmartin/School/iroqflag.htm -
Exemplar of Liberty: Native America and the Evolution of Democracy
-
The New York Times
https://www.nytimes.com/1987/06/28/us/iroquois-constitution-a-forerunner-to-colonists-democratic-principles.html -
The William and Mary Quarterly
https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2947207 -
Forgotten Founders: Benjamin Franklin, The Iroquois, And The Rationale For The American Revolution
-
I Have Spoken: American History Through the Voices of the Indians
https://archive.org/details/ihavespokenameri0000unse/page/14 -
Exiled in the land of the free: democracy, Indian nations, and the U. S. Constitution
https://archive.org/details/exiledinlandoffr00oren_0 -
Exemplar of liberty: native America and the evolution of democracy
-
"H. Con. Res. 331, October 21, 1988"
https://www.senate.gov/reference/resources/pdf/hconres331.pdf -
"The Tree of Peace The Great Law of Peace: New World Roots of American Democracy by David Yarrow© September 1987"
https://web.archive.org/web/20120703193225/http://www.kahonwes.com/iroquois/document1.html -
History News Network
http://hnn.us/articles/12974.html -
History News Network
http://hnn.us/articles/12974.html -
The Iroquois (The Peoples of America Series)
https://books.google.com/books?id=P7e82KQoX6IC&pg=PA154 -
The Invented Indian: Cultural Fictions and Government Policies
https://books.google.com/books?id=ARbVmr941TsC&pg=PA107 -
Give Me Liberty: An American History, Volume 1
-
Morgan, Thomas, 1995, pp. 22–27
-
Indian Country Today Media Network.com
https://web.archive.org/web/20101012073536/http://www.indiancountrytoday.com/home/content/Iroquois-Nationals-forfeits-first-game-98603364.html -
The Economist, July 24, 2010.
-
The Guardian
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/jul/15/iroquois-lacrosse-team-passports-visa-us-uk -
Yahoo! News
https://web.archive.org/web/20100720124546/http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20100714/ap_on_sp_ot/us_lacrosse_iroquois_passports -
The New York Times
https://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/17/sports/17lacrosse.html?_r=1&pagewanted=all -
CNYCentral.com
https://web.archive.org/web/20110719062649/http://www.cnycentral.com/news/story.aspx?id=484701 -
Catholic Encyclopedia
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08168b.htm -
The Indian Tribes of North America
https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.49015002845759&seq=50 -
Jones 2008, p. 85.
-
Primitive society and its vital statistics
https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b4381154&view=1up&seq=346&skin=2021 -
"Indigenous America Maps"
https://indigamerica.blogspot.com/ -
The Indian tribes of North America
https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/15440 -
Jones 2008, p. 14.
-
Handbook of American Indians, Vol. 15
https://archive.org/details/handbookofnortha0000bruc/page/n9/mode/2up -
Jones 2008, pp. iii–v, 84–86.
-
Ethnohistory
https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/4/article/11612 -
"Not Merely Overrun but Destroyed. The Sullivan Expedition Against the Iroquois Indians, 1779"
https://storiesofthesusquehanna.blogs.bucknell.edu/stories-and-maps/ -
Graymont 1972, p. 220.
-
American Indian Quarterly
https://doi.org/10.5250%2Famerindiquar.42.4.0427 -
The aboriginal population of America north of Mexico
https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/23978 -
The Indian tribes of North America
https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/15440 -
Akwesasne Notes
http://www.ratical.org/many_worlds/6Nations/population95.html -
Community Profile Archived June 18, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, Six Nations Elected Council, December 2014
http://www.sixnations.ca/CommunityProfile.htm -
Lands/Membership Department Archived September 6, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, Six Nations Elected Council, December 20
http://www.sixnations.ca/MembershipDept.htm -
New York Native Americans Language & Culture
https://docs.steinhardt.nyu.edu/pdfs/metrocenter/nbm3/native_american_culture_lang.pdf -
"2011 Oklahoma Indian Nations Pocket Pictorial Directory"
https://web.archive.org/web/20120512040555/http://www.ok.gov/oiac/documents/2011.FINAL.WEB.pdf -
"American Indian and Alaska Native Population by Tribal Grouping, 2010"
https://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/briefs/c2010br-10.pdf -
"Distribution of American Indian tribes: Iroquois People in the US"
https://www.statimetric.com/us-ethnicity/American_Indian_tribes_Iroquois
