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Ireland

Updated: Wikipedia source

Ireland

Ireland is an island in the North Atlantic Ocean, in Northwestern Europe. Geopolitically, the island is divided between the Republic of Ireland (officially named Ireland – a sovereign state covering five-sixths of the island) and Northern Ireland (part of the United Kingdom – covering the remaining sixth). It is separated from Great Britain to its east by the North Channel, the Irish Sea, and St George's Channel. Ireland is the second-largest island of the British Isles, the third-largest in Europe, and the twentieth-largest in the world. As of 2022, the population of the entire island is just over 7 million, with 5.1 million in the Republic of Ireland and 1.9 million in Northern Ireland, ranking it the second-most populous island in Europe after Great Britain. The geography of Ireland comprises relatively low-lying mountains surrounding a central plain, with several navigable rivers extending inland. Much of Ireland was woodland until the end of the Middle Ages. Today, woodland makes up about 10% of the island, compared with a European average of over 33%, with most of it being non-native conifer plantations. Its lush vegetation is a product of its mild climate, which is influenced by the Atlantic Ocean and thus very moderate, and winters are milder than expected for such a northerly area, although summers are cooler than those in continental Europe. Rainfall and cloud cover are abundant. Gaelic Ireland had emerged by the 1st century AD. The island was Christianised from the 5th century onwards. During this period Ireland was divided amongst petty kings, who in turn served under the kings of the traditional provinces (Cúige; lit. 'fifth') vying for dominance and the title of High King of Ireland. Between the late 8th and early 11th centuries, Viking raids and settlement took place culminating in the Battle of Clontarf on 23 April 1014 which resulted in the end of Viking power in Ireland. Following the 12th-century Anglo-Norman invasion, England claimed sovereignty. However, English rule did not extend over the whole island until the 16th–17th century Tudor conquest, which led to colonisation by settlers from Britain. In the 1690s, a system of Protestant English rule was designed to materially disadvantage the Catholic majority and Protestant dissenters, and was extended during the 18th century. With the Acts of Union in 1801, Ireland became a part of the United Kingdom. The Great Famine of the 1840s saw the population fall by over 20%, through death and emigration. A war of independence in the early 20th century was followed by the partition of the island, leading to the creation of the Irish Free State, which became increasingly sovereign over the following decades until it declared a republic in 1948 (Republic of Ireland Act, 1948) and Northern Ireland, which remained a part of the United Kingdom. Northern Ireland saw much civil unrest from the late 1960s until the 1990s. This subsided following the Good Friday Agreement in 1998. In 1973, both the Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom, with Northern Ireland as part of it, joined the European Economic Community. Following a referendum vote in 2016, the United Kingdom, Northern Ireland included, left the European Union (EU) in 2020. Northern Ireland was granted a limited special status and allowed to operate within the EU single market for goods without being in the European Union. Irish culture has had a significant influence on other cultures, especially in the field of literature. Alongside mainstream Western culture, a strong indigenous culture exists, as expressed through Gaelic games, Irish music, Irish language, and Irish dance. The island's culture shares many features with that of Great Britain, including the English language, and sports such as association football, rugby, horse racing, golf, and boxing.

Infobox

Location
Northwestern Europe
Coordinates
mw- 53°N 8°W / 53°N 8°W / 53; -8
Archipelago
British Isles
Adjacent to
Atlantic Ocean
Area
84,421 km2 (32,595 sq mi)
Area rank
20th
Coastline
7,527 km (4677.1 mi)
Highest elevation
1,041 m (3415 ft)
Highest point
Carrauntoohil
Largest city
Belfast, pop. 671,559 Metropolitan Area (2011)
Country
Northern Ireland
Demonym
Irish
Population
7,185,600 (2023 estimate)[a]
Population rank
19th (of islands)
Pop. density
82.2/km2 (212.9/sq mi)
Languages
mw- li , li EnglishIrishISLUlster ScotsNISLShelta
Ethnic groups
90.0% White2.8% Asian1.2% Black0.3% Arab1.2% other (inc. Mixed)4.5% not stated
Time zone
Greenwich Mean Time (UTC 0)
• Summer (DST)
Irish Standard Time British Summer Time (UTC 1)

Tables

Month
Month
Climate data for Ireland
Month
Climate data for Ireland
Jan
Climate data for Ireland
Feb
Climate data for Ireland
Mar
Climate data for Ireland
Apr
Climate data for Ireland
May
Climate data for Ireland
Jun
Climate data for Ireland
Jul
Climate data for Ireland
Aug
Climate data for Ireland
Sep
Climate data for Ireland
Oct
Climate data for Ireland
Nov
Climate data for Ireland
Dec
Climate data for Ireland
Year
Record high °C (°F)
Record high °C (°F)
Climate data for Ireland
Record high °C (°F)
Climate data for Ireland
18.5(65.3)
Climate data for Ireland
18.1(64.6)
Climate data for Ireland
23.6(74.5)
Climate data for Ireland
25.8(78.4)
Climate data for Ireland
28.4(83.1)
Climate data for Ireland
33.3(91.9)
Climate data for Ireland
33.0(91.4)
Climate data for Ireland
32.1(89.8)
Climate data for Ireland
29.1(84.4)
Climate data for Ireland
25.2(77.4)
Climate data for Ireland
20.1(68.2)
Climate data for Ireland
18.1(64.6)
Climate data for Ireland
33.3(91.9)
Record low °C (°F)
Record low °C (°F)
Climate data for Ireland
Record low °C (°F)
Climate data for Ireland
−19.1(−2.4)
Climate data for Ireland
−17.8(0.0)
Climate data for Ireland
−17.2(1.0)
Climate data for Ireland
−7.7(18.1)
Climate data for Ireland
−5.6(21.9)
Climate data for Ireland
−3.3(26.1)
Climate data for Ireland
−0.3(31.5)
Climate data for Ireland
−2.7(27.1)
Climate data for Ireland
−3(27)
Climate data for Ireland
−8.3(17.1)
Climate data for Ireland
−11.5(11.3)
Climate data for Ireland
−17.5(0.5)
Climate data for Ireland
−19.1(−2.4)
Source 1: Met Éireann
Source 1: Met Éireann
Climate data for Ireland
Source 1: Met Éireann
Source 2: The Irish Times (November record high)
Source 2: The Irish Times (November record high)
Climate data for Ireland
Source 2: The Irish Times (November record high)
Climate data for Ireland
Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year
Record high °C (°F)
18.5(65.3)
18.1(64.6)
23.6(74.5)
25.8(78.4)
28.4(83.1)
33.3(91.9)
33.0(91.4)
32.1(89.8)
29.1(84.4)
25.2(77.4)
20.1(68.2)
18.1(64.6)
33.3(91.9)
Record low °C (°F)
−19.1(−2.4)
−17.8(0.0)
−17.2(1.0)
−7.7(18.1)
−5.6(21.9)
−3.3(26.1)
−0.3(31.5)
−2.7(27.1)
−3(27)
−8.3(17.1)
−11.5(11.3)
−17.5(0.5)
−19.1(−2.4)
Source 1: Met Éireann
Source 2: The Irish Times (November record high)
· Economy › Regional economics
GDP (2023[update]): £63 bn
GDP (2023[update]): £63 bn
Republic of Ireland: Northern and Western
GDP (2018[update]): €22 bn
Republic of Ireland: Eastern and Midland
GDP (2018[update]): €175 bn
Republic of Ireland: Southern
GDP (2018[update]): €127 bn
United Kingdom: Northern Ireland
GDP (2023[update]): £63 bn
£32,944 per person
£32,944 per person
Republic of Ireland: Northern and Western
€24,926 per person
Republic of Ireland: Eastern and Midland
€74,824 per person
Republic of Ireland: Southern
€77,794 per person
United Kingdom: Northern Ireland
£32,944 per person
Republic of Ireland: Northern and Western
Republic of Ireland: Eastern and Midland
Republic of Ireland: Southern
United Kingdom: Northern Ireland
GDP (2018[update]): €22 bn
GDP (2018[update]): €175 bn
GDP (2018[update]): €127 bn
GDP (2023[update]): £63 bn
€24,926 per person
€74,824 per person
€77,794 per person
£32,944 per person
Northern Ireland Sales/Exports[235]
£11.3 billion
£11.3 billion
Col 1
2020
United Kingdom
£11.3 billion
Republic of Ireland
£4.2 billion
£12.8 billion
£12.8 billion
Col 1
2021
United Kingdom
£12.8 billion
Republic of Ireland
£5.2 billion
United Kingdom
Republic of Ireland
2020
billion
billion
2021
billion
billion
Northern Ireland Purchases/Imports[235]
£13.4 billion
£13.4 billion
Col 1
2020
United Kingdom
£13.4 billion
Republic of Ireland
£2.5 billion
£14.4 billion
£14.4 billion
Col 1
2021
United Kingdom
£14.4 billion
Republic of Ireland
£3.1 billion
United Kingdom
Republic of Ireland
2020
billion
billion
2021
billion
billion
Monthly Cost of Living Comparison[236][237]
Cost of living (1 person)
Cost of living (1 person)
Col 1
Cost of living (1 person)
Northern Ireland
$1459
Republic of Ireland
$2198
Average wage after tax
Average wage after tax
Col 1
Average wage after tax
Northern Ireland
$2393
Republic of Ireland
$3010
Northern Ireland
Republic of Ireland
Cost of living (1 person)
$1459
$2198
Average wage after tax
$2393
$3010

References

  1. Including surrounding islands
  2. /ˈaɪərlənd/ ⓘ, IRE-lənd; Irish: Éire [ˈeːɾʲə] ⓘ; Ulster-Scots: Airlann [ˈɑːrlən]
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  4. Part of Belfast metropolitan area
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