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International Criminal Court

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International Criminal Court

The International Criminal Court (ICC) is an intergovernmental organisation and international tribunal seated in The Hague, Netherlands. Established in 2002 under the multilateral Rome Statute, the ICC is the first and only permanent international court with jurisdiction to prosecute individuals for the international crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and the crime of aggression. The ICC is intended to complement, not replace, national judicial systems; it can exercise its jurisdiction only when national courts are unwilling or unable to prosecute criminals. It is distinct from the International Court of Justice, an organ of the United Nations that hears disputes between states. The ICC can generally exercise jurisdiction in cases where the accused is a national of a state party, the alleged crime took place on the territory of a state party, or a situation is referred to the Court by the United Nations Security Council. As of October 2024, there are 125 states parties to the Rome Statute, which are represented in the court's governing body, the Assembly of States Parties. Countries that are not party to the Rome Statute and do not recognise the court's jurisdiction include China, India, Russia, and the United States. The Office of the Prosecutor has opened investigations into over a dozen situations and conducted numerous preliminary examinations. The Court issued its first arrest warrants in 2005, and issued its first judgment in 2012. Indicted individuals have included heads of state and other senior officials. In recent years, notable cases include arrest warrants issued for Russian president Vladimir Putin, in connection with the invasion of Ukraine and Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu and defence minister Yoav Gallant, along with several Hamas leaders, in connection with the Gaza war. Since its establishment, the ICC has faced significant criticism. Opponents, including major powers that have not joined the court, question its legitimacy, citing concerns over national sovereignty and alleging susceptibility to political influence. The court has also been accused of bias and of disproportionately targeting African leaders. Others have questioned the court's effectiveness, pointing to its reliance on state cooperation for arrests, its relatively small number of convictions, and the high cost of its proceedings.

Infobox

International Criminal Court (in other official languages) French:Cour pénale internationaleArabic:المحكمة الجنائية الدوليةChinese:国际刑事法院Russian:Международный уголовный судSpanish:Corte Penal Internacional
Cour pénale internationale
French:
Cour pénale internationale
Arabic:
المحكمة الجنائية الدولية
Chinese:
国际刑事法院
Russian:
Международный уголовный суд
Spanish:
Corte Penal Internacional
Seat
The Hague, Netherlands
Working languages
mw- EnglishFrench
Official languages
6 languages Arabic Chinese English French Russian Spanish
Member states
125 (Oct 2024)
• President
Tomoko Akane
• First Vice-President
Rosario Salvatore Aitala
• Second Vice-President
Reine Alapini-Gansou
• Prosecutor
Karim Ahmad Khan
• Registrar
Osvaldo Zavala Giler
• Rome Statute adopted
17 July 1998
• Entered into force
1 July 2002

Tables

List of Registrars of the ICC · Structure › Organs › Registry
Bruno Cathala
2003
2003–2008
Bruno Cathala
Registrar
Bruno Cathala
Term
2003–2008
Silvana Arbia
2008
2008–2013
Silvana Arbia
Registrar
Silvana Arbia
Term
2008–2013
Herman von Hebel
2013
2013–2018
Herman von Hebel
Registrar
Herman von Hebel
Term
2013–2018
Peter Lewis
2018
2018–2023
Peter Lewis
Registrar
Peter Lewis
Term
2018–2023
Osvaldo Zavala Giler
Osvaldo Zavala Giler
Registrar
Osvaldo Zavala Giler
Term
2023–present
Registrar
Term
Reference
Bruno Cathala
2003–2008
Silvana Arbia
2008–2013
Herman von Hebel
2013–2018
Peter Lewis
2018–2023
Osvaldo Zavala Giler
2023–present
Top contributions per country in 2024[145] · Funding
1
1
No.
1
Country
Japan
Contributions (€)
25,105,436
Percent (%)
13.4
2
2
No.
2
Country
Germany
Contributions (€)
21,480,416
Percent (%)
11.5
3
3
No.
3
Country
France
Contributions (€)
15,972,647
Percent (%)
8.5
4
4
No.
4
Country
United Kingdom
Contributions (€)
15,378,334
Percent (%)
8.2
5
5
No.
5
Country
Italy
Contributions (€)
11,209,416
Percent (%)
5.6
6
6
No.
6
Country
South Korea
Contributions (€)
9,278,240
Percent (%)
5.0
7
7
No.
7
Country
Canada
Contributions (€)
9,237,533
Percent (%)
4.9
8
8
No.
8
Country
Spain
Contributions (€)
7,501,080
Percent (%)
4.0
9
9
No.
9
Country
Brazil
Contributions (€)
7,492,611
Percent (%)
4.0
10
10
No.
10
Country
Australia
Contributions (€)
7,420,157
Percent (%)
4.0
Others
Others
No.
Others
Country
57,008,314
Contributions (€)
30.5
Total
Total
No.
Total
Country
187,084,184
Contributions (€)
100.0
No.
Country
Contributions (€)
Percent (%)
1
Japan
25,105,436
13.4
2
Germany
21,480,416
11.5
3
France
15,972,647
8.5
4
United Kingdom
15,378,334
8.2
5
Italy
11,209,416
5.6
6
South Korea
9,278,240
5.0
7
Canada
9,237,533
4.9
8
Spain
7,501,080
4.0
9
Brazil
7,492,611
4.0
10
Australia
7,420,157
4.0
Others
57,008,314
30.5
Total
187,084,184
100.0
· Investigations and preliminary examinations
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Situation
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Referred by
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Referred on
19 April 2004
Preliminary examination on
16 July 2003
Investigation on
23 June 2004
Current status
Investigation (phase 1)
Côte d'Ivoire
Côte d'Ivoire
Situation
Côte d'Ivoire
Referred by
Referred on
Preliminary examination on
1 October 2003
Investigation on
3 October 2011
Current status
Investigation (phase 1)
Uganda
Uganda
Situation
Uganda
Referred by
Uganda
Referred on
16 December 2003
Preliminary examination on
16 December 2003
Investigation on
29 July 2004
Current status
Investigation (phase 2)
Colombia
Colombia
Situation
Colombia
Referred by
Referred on
Preliminary examination on
30 June 2004
Investigation on
Current status
Preliminary examination closed on 28 October 2021
Central African Republic I
Central African Republic I
Situation
Central African Republic I
Referred by
Central African Republic
Referred on
7 January 2005
Preliminary examination on
7 January 2005
Investigation on
22 May 2007
Current status
Investigation (phase 2)
Darfur, Sudan
Darfur, Sudan
Situation
Darfur, Sudan
Referred by
United Nations Security Council
Referred on
31 March 2005
Preliminary examination on
1 April 2005
Investigation on
6 June 2005
Current status
Investigation (phase 1)
Iraq/United Kingdom
Iraq/United Kingdom
Situation
Iraq/United Kingdom
Referred by
Referred on
Preliminary examination on
9 February 2006
Investigation on
Current status
Preliminary examination closed on 9 December 2020
Venezuela
Venezuela
Situation
Venezuela
Referred by
Referred on
Preliminary examination on
9 February 2006
Investigation on
Current status
Preliminary examination closed on 9 February 2006
Afghanistan
Afghanistan
Situation
Afghanistan
Referred by
Referred on
Preliminary examination on
2007
Investigation on
5 March 2020
Current status
Investigation (phase 1)
Kenya
Kenya
Situation
Kenya
Referred by
Referred on
Preliminary examination on
5 February 2008
Investigation on
31 March 2010
Current status
Investigation (phase 2)
Georgia
Georgia
Situation
Georgia
Referred by
Referred on
Preliminary examination on
20 August 2008
Investigation on
27 January 2016
Current status
Investigation (phase 2)
Palestine
Palestine
Situation
Palestine
Referred by
Referred on
Preliminary examination on
22 January 2009
Investigation on
Current status
Preliminary examination closed on 3 April 2012
Guinea
Guinea
Situation
Guinea
Referred by
Referred on
Preliminary examination on
14 October 2009
Investigation on
Current status
Preliminary examination closed on 29 September 2022
Honduras
Honduras
Situation
Honduras
Referred by
Referred on
Preliminary examination on
18 November 2009
Investigation on
Current status
Preliminary examination closed on 28 October 2015
Nigeria
Nigeria
Situation
Nigeria
Referred by
Referred on
Preliminary examination on
18 November 2010
Investigation on
Current status
Preliminary examination (phase 3)
South Korea
South Korea
Situation
South Korea
Referred by
Referred on
Preliminary examination on
6 December 2010
Investigation on
Current status
Preliminary examination closed on 23 June 2014
Libya
Libya
Situation
Libya
Referred by
United Nations Security Council
Referred on
26 February 2011
Preliminary examination on
28 February 2011
Investigation on
3 March 2011
Current status
Investigation (phase 1)
Mali
Mali
Situation
Mali
Referred by
Mali
Referred on
18 July 2012
Preliminary examination on
18 July 2012
Investigation on
16 January 2013
Current status
Investigation (phase 1)
Registered vessels
Registered vessels
Situation
Registered vessels
Referred by
Comoros
Referred on
14 May 2013
Preliminary examination on
14 May 2013
Investigation on
Current status
Preliminary examination closed on 2 December 2019
Central African Republic II
Central African Republic II
Situation
Central African Republic II
Referred by
Central African Republic
Referred on
30 May 2014
Preliminary examination on
7 February 2014
Investigation on
24 September 2014
Current status
Investigation (phase 2)
Ukraine
Ukraine
Situation
Ukraine
Referred by
Albania et al.
Referred on
2 March 2022
Preliminary examination on
25 April 2014
Investigation on
2 March 2022
Current status
Investigation (phase 1)
Palestine
Palestine
Situation
Palestine
Referred by
Palestine
Referred on
22 May 2018
Preliminary examination on
16 January 2015
Investigation on
3 March 2021
Current status
Investigation (phase 1)
Burundi
Burundi
Situation
Burundi
Referred by
Referred on
Preliminary examination on
25 April 2016
Investigation on
25 October 2017
Current status
Investigation (phase 1)
Gabon
Gabon
Situation
Gabon
Referred by
Gabon
Referred on
21 September 2016
Preliminary examination on
29 September 2016
Investigation on
Current status
Preliminary examination closed on 21 September 2018
Philippines
Philippines
Situation
Philippines
Referred by
Referred on
Preliminary examination on
8 February 2018
Investigation on
15 September 2021
Current status
Investigation (phase 1)
Venezuela I
Venezuela I
Situation
Venezuela I
Referred by
Argentina et al.
Referred on
27 September 2018
Preliminary examination on
8 February 2018
Investigation on
3 November 2021
Current status
Investigation (phase 1)
Bangladesh/Myanmar
Bangladesh/Myanmar
Situation
Bangladesh/Myanmar
Referred by
Referred on
Preliminary examination on
18 September 2018
Investigation on
14 November 2019
Current status
Investigation (phase 1)
Venezuela II
Venezuela II
Situation
Venezuela II
Referred by
Venezuela
Referred on
13 February 2020
Preliminary examination on
17 February 2020
Investigation on
Current status
Preliminary examination (phase 2)
Bolivia
Bolivia
Situation
Bolivia
Referred by
Bolivia
Referred on
4 September 2020
Preliminary examination on
9 September 2020
Investigation on
Current status
Preliminary examination closed on 14 February 2022
Democratic Republic of the Congo II
Democratic Republic of the Congo II
Situation
Democratic Republic of the Congo II
Referred by
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Referred on
23 May 2023
Preliminary examination on
15 June 2023
Investigation on
Current status
Preliminary examination closed on 14 October 2024
Lithuania/Belarus
Lithuania/Belarus
Situation
Lithuania/Belarus
Referred by
Lithuania
Referred on
30 September 2024
Preliminary examination on
30 September 2024
Investigation on
Current status
Preliminary examination (phase 1)
Notes .mw- }.mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- The Office of the Prosecutor processes preliminary examinations through different phases. Every communication is first given an initial assessment to determine if it is sufficiently serious and if it falls within the Court's jurisdiction (phase 1). If it does, the Office begins a preliminary examination by first considering whether the alleged crimes fall within the subject-matter jurisdiction of the Court (phase 2). If the Office is satisfied that all the jurisdictional requirements are met, it then focuses on issues of admissibility by considering complementarity and the gravity of the alleged crimes (phase 3). If there are no admissibility concerns, the Office then considers the interests of justice and decides whether or not to begin a formal investigation (phase 4). Once a formal investigation is opened, it is also processed through different phases. It is first processed through an "investigation phase" (phase 1), in which the Office determines the scope of its caseload, and then through a "prosecution phase" (phase 2), in which the Office completes the caseload. The preliminary examination of the situation in Iraq / the United Kingdom was initially closed on 9 February 2006, but was reopened on 13 May 2014. Following the start of the investigation, Chile, Costa Rica, Spain, France, Luxembourg, and Mexico referred the situation. A new preliminary investigation of the situation in Palestine was opened on 16 January 2015 and proceeded to a full investigation 3 March 2021. The preliminary examination relates to registered vessels of the Comoros, Greece and Cambodia. The Prosecutor previously closed the preliminary examination of the situation on registered vessels of the Comoros, Greece and Cambodia on 6 November 2014, but reconsidered her decision following a request by the Pre-Trial Chamber on 29 November 2017 and revised the final decision on 2 December 2019. Albania, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, New Zealand, Norway, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom jointly referred the situation in Ukraine on 2 March 2022. Following the start of the investigation, Japan and North Macedonia also referred the situation. Following the start of the investigation, Bangladesh, Bolivia, Chile, Comoros, Djibouti, Mexico, and South Africa also referred the situation. Argentina, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Paraguay, and Peru jointly referred the situation in Venezuela I on 27 September 2018. Venezuela referred the situation in Venezuela II on 13 February 2020. In a statement, the Prosecutor noted that the two referrals "appear to overlap geographically and temporally" but further noted that such a statement "should not prejudice a later determination on whether the referred scope of the two situations is sufficiently linked to constitute a single situation."
Notes .mw- }.mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- The Office of the Prosecutor processes preliminary examinations through different phases. Every communication is first given an initial assessment to determine if it is sufficiently serious and if it falls within the Court's jurisdiction (phase 1). If it does, the Office begins a preliminary examination by first considering whether the alleged crimes fall within the subject-matter jurisdiction of the Court (phase 2). If the Office is satisfied that all the jurisdictional requirements are met, it then focuses on issues of admissibility by considering complementarity and the gravity of the alleged crimes (phase 3). If there are no admissibility concerns, the Office then considers the interests of justice and decides whether or not to begin a formal investigation (phase 4). Once a formal investigation is opened, it is also processed through different phases. It is first processed through an "investigation phase" (phase 1), in which the Office determines the scope of its caseload, and then through a "prosecution phase" (phase 2), in which the Office completes the caseload. The preliminary examination of the situation in Iraq / the United Kingdom was initially closed on 9 February 2006, but was reopened on 13 May 2014. Following the start of the investigation, Chile, Costa Rica, Spain, France, Luxembourg, and Mexico referred the situation. A new preliminary investigation of the situation in Palestine was opened on 16 January 2015 and proceeded to a full investigation 3 March 2021. The preliminary examination relates to registered vessels of the Comoros, Greece and Cambodia. The Prosecutor previously closed the preliminary examination of the situation on registered vessels of the Comoros, Greece and Cambodia on 6 November 2014, but reconsidered her decision following a request by the Pre-Trial Chamber on 29 November 2017 and revised the final decision on 2 December 2019. Albania, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, New Zealand, Norway, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom jointly referred the situation in Ukraine on 2 March 2022. Following the start of the investigation, Japan and North Macedonia also referred the situation. Following the start of the investigation, Bangladesh, Bolivia, Chile, Comoros, Djibouti, Mexico, and South Africa also referred the situation. Argentina, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Paraguay, and Peru jointly referred the situation in Venezuela I on 27 September 2018. Venezuela referred the situation in Venezuela II on 13 February 2020. In a statement, the Prosecutor noted that the two referrals "appear to overlap geographically and temporally" but further noted that such a statement "should not prejudice a later determination on whether the referred scope of the two situations is sufficiently linked to constitute a single situation."
Situation
Notes .mw- }.mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- The Office of the Prosecutor processes preliminary examinations through different phases. Every communication is first given an initial assessment to determine if it is sufficiently serious and if it falls within the Court's jurisdiction (phase 1). If it does, the Office begins a preliminary examination by first considering whether the alleged crimes fall within the subject-matter jurisdiction of the Court (phase 2). If the Office is satisfied that all the jurisdictional requirements are met, it then focuses on issues of admissibility by considering complementarity and the gravity of the alleged crimes (phase 3). If there are no admissibility concerns, the Office then considers the interests of justice and decides whether or not to begin a formal investigation (phase 4). Once a formal investigation is opened, it is also processed through different phases. It is first processed through an "investigation phase" (phase 1), in which the Office determines the scope of its caseload, and then through a "prosecution phase" (phase 2), in which the Office completes the caseload. The preliminary examination of the situation in Iraq / the United Kingdom was initially closed on 9 February 2006, but was reopened on 13 May 2014. Following the start of the investigation, Chile, Costa Rica, Spain, France, Luxembourg, and Mexico referred the situation. A new preliminary investigation of the situation in Palestine was opened on 16 January 2015 and proceeded to a full investigation 3 March 2021. The preliminary examination relates to registered vessels of the Comoros, Greece and Cambodia. The Prosecutor previously closed the preliminary examination of the situation on registered vessels of the Comoros, Greece and Cambodia on 6 November 2014, but reconsidered her decision following a request by the Pre-Trial Chamber on 29 November 2017 and revised the final decision on 2 December 2019. Albania, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, New Zealand, Norway, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom jointly referred the situation in Ukraine on 2 March 2022. Following the start of the investigation, Japan and North Macedonia also referred the situation. Following the start of the investigation, Bangladesh, Bolivia, Chile, Comoros, Djibouti, Mexico, and South Africa also referred the situation. Argentina, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Paraguay, and Peru jointly referred the situation in Venezuela I on 27 September 2018. Venezuela referred the situation in Venezuela II on 13 February 2020. In a statement, the Prosecutor noted that the two referrals "appear to overlap geographically and temporally" but further noted that such a statement "should not prejudice a later determination on whether the referred scope of the two situations is sufficiently linked to constitute a single situation."
Situation
Referred by
Referred on
Preliminary examination on
Investigation on
Current status
Ref(s).
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Democratic Republic of the Congo
19 April 2004
16 July 2003
23 June 2004
Investigation (phase 1)
Côte d'Ivoire
1 October 2003
3 October 2011
Investigation (phase 1)
Uganda
Uganda
16 December 2003
16 December 2003
29 July 2004
Investigation (phase 2)
Colombia
30 June 2004
Preliminary examination closed on 28 October 2021
Central African Republic I
Central African Republic
7 January 2005
7 January 2005
22 May 2007
Investigation (phase 2)
Darfur, Sudan
United Nations Security Council
31 March 2005
1 April 2005
6 June 2005
Investigation (phase 1)
Iraq/United Kingdom
9 February 2006
Preliminary examination closed on 9 December 2020
Venezuela
9 February 2006
Preliminary examination closed on 9 February 2006
Afghanistan
2007
5 March 2020
Investigation (phase 1)
Kenya
5 February 2008
31 March 2010
Investigation (phase 2)
Georgia
20 August 2008
27 January 2016
Investigation (phase 2)
Palestine
22 January 2009
Preliminary examination closed on 3 April 2012
Guinea
14 October 2009
Preliminary examination closed on 29 September 2022
Honduras
18 November 2009
Preliminary examination closed on 28 October 2015
Nigeria
18 November 2010
Preliminary examination (phase 3)
South Korea
6 December 2010
Preliminary examination closed on 23 June 2014
Libya
United Nations Security Council
26 February 2011
28 February 2011
3 March 2011
Investigation (phase 1)
Mali
Mali
18 July 2012
18 July 2012
16 January 2013
Investigation (phase 1)
Registered vessels
Comoros
14 May 2013
14 May 2013
Preliminary examination closed on 2 December 2019
Central African Republic II
Central African Republic
30 May 2014
7 February 2014
24 September 2014
Investigation (phase 2)
Ukraine
Albania et al.
2 March 2022
25 April 2014
2 March 2022
Investigation (phase 1)
Palestine
Palestine
22 May 2018
16 January 2015
3 March 2021
Investigation (phase 1)
Burundi
25 April 2016
25 October 2017
Investigation (phase 1)
Gabon
Gabon
21 September 2016
29 September 2016
Preliminary examination closed on 21 September 2018
Philippines
8 February 2018
15 September 2021
Investigation (phase 1)
Venezuela I
Argentina et al.
27 September 2018
8 February 2018
3 November 2021
Investigation (phase 1)
Bangladesh/Myanmar
18 September 2018
14 November 2019
Investigation (phase 1)
Venezuela II
Venezuela
13 February 2020
17 February 2020
Preliminary examination (phase 2)
Bolivia
Bolivia
4 September 2020
9 September 2020
Preliminary examination closed on 14 February 2022
Democratic Republic of the Congo II
Democratic Republic of the Congo
23 May 2023
15 June 2023
Preliminary examination closed on 14 October 2024
Lithuania/Belarus
Lithuania
30 September 2024
30 September 2024
Preliminary examination (phase 1)
Notes }.mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- The Office of the Prosecutor processes preliminary examinations through different phases. Every communication is first given an initial assessment to determine if it is sufficiently serious and if it falls within the Court's jurisdiction (phase 1). If it does, the Office begins a preliminary examination by first considering whether the alleged crimes fall within the subject-matter jurisdiction of the Court (phase 2). If the Office is satisfied that all the jurisdictional requirements are met, it then focuses on issues of admissibility by considering complementarity and the gravity of the alleged crimes (phase 3). If there are no admissibility concerns, the Office then considers the interests of justice and decides whether or not to begin a formal investigation (phase 4). Once a formal investigation is opened, it is also processed through different phases. It is first processed through an "investigation phase" (phase 1), in which the Office determines the scope of its caseload, and then through a "prosecution phase" (phase 2), in which the Office completes the caseload. The preliminary examination of the situation in Iraq / the United Kingdom was initially closed on 9 February 2006, but was reopened on 13 May 2014. Following the start of the investigation, Chile, Costa Rica, Spain, France, Luxembourg, and Mexico referred the situation. A new preliminary investigation of the situation in Palestine was opened on 16 January 2015 and proceeded to a full investigation 3 March 2021. The preliminary examination relates to registered vessels of the Comoros, Greece and Cambodia. The Prosecutor previously closed the preliminary examination of the situation on registered vessels of the Comoros, Greece and Cambodia on 6 November 2014, but reconsidered her decision following a request by the Pre-Trial Chamber on 29 November 2017 and revised the final decision on 2 December 2019. Albania, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, New Zealand, Norway, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom jointly referred the situation in Ukraine on 2 March 2022. Following the start of the investigation, Japan and North Macedonia also referred the situation. Following the start of the investigation, Bangladesh, Bolivia, Chile, Comoros, Djibouti, Mexico, and South Africa also referred the situation. Argentina, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Paraguay, and Peru jointly referred the situation in Venezuela I on 27 September 2018. Venezuela referred the situation in Venezuela II on 13 February 2020. In a statement, the Prosecutor noted that the two referrals "appear to overlap geographically and temporally" but further noted that such a statement "should not prejudice a later determination on whether the referred scope of the two situations is sufficiently linked to constitute a single situation."
Summary of investigations[note 1] and prosecutions by the International Criminal Court (not including reparations proceedings) · Investigations and preliminary examinations
Not before court
Not before court
Situation
Not before court
Publicly indicted
Pre-Trial
Ongoing procedures
Trial
Ongoing procedures
Appeal
Ongoing procedures
Death
Ongoing procedures
Inadmissibility
Procedures finished, due to ...
Acquittal etc.
Procedures finished, due to ...
Conviction
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Situation
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Publicly indicted
6
Ongoing procedures
1Mudacumura
Ongoing procedures
0
Ongoing procedures
0
Ongoing procedures
0
Procedures finished, due to ...
0
Procedures finished, due to ...
0
Procedures finished, due to ...
2Chui, Mbarushimana
Procedures finished, due to ...
3Katanga, Lubanga, Ntaganda
PTC
I
Uganda
Uganda
Situation
Uganda
Publicly indicted
5
Ongoing procedures
1Kony
Ongoing procedures
0
Ongoing procedures
0
Ongoing procedures
0
Procedures finished, due to ...
3Lukwiya, Odhiambo, Otti
Procedures finished, due to ...
0
Procedures finished, due to ...
0
Procedures finished, due to ...
1Ongwen
PTC
III
Central African Republic I
Central African Republic I
Situation
Central African Republic I
Publicly indicted
5
Ongoing procedures
0
Ongoing procedures
0
Ongoing procedures
0
Ongoing procedures
0
Procedures finished, due to ...
0
Procedures finished, due to ...
0
Procedures finished, due to ...
1Bemba (main case)
Procedures finished, due to ...
5Kilolo, Babala, Mangenda, Arido, Bemba (OAJ)
PTC
II
Darfur, Sudan
Darfur, Sudan
Situation
Darfur, Sudan
Publicly indicted
7
Ongoing procedures
3Haroun, al-Bashir, Hussein
Ongoing procedures
1Banda
Ongoing procedures
0
Ongoing procedures
1Abd-Al-Rahman
Procedures finished, due to ...
1Jerbo
Procedures finished, due to ...
0
Procedures finished, due to ...
1Abu Garda
Procedures finished, due to ...
0
PTC
II
TCs
IAbd-Al-RahmanIVBanda
Kenya
Kenya
Situation
Kenya
Publicly indicted
9
Ongoing procedures
2Barasa, Bett
Ongoing procedures
0
Ongoing procedures
0
Ongoing procedures
0
Procedures finished, due to ...
1 Gicheru
Procedures finished, due to ...
0
Procedures finished, due to ...
6Kosgey, Ali, Muthaura, Kenyatta, Ruto, Sang
Procedures finished, due to ...
0
PTC
II
Libya
Libya
Situation
Libya
Publicly indicted
14
Ongoing procedures
9S. Gaddafi, Sneidel, Al Kani, Douma, Al Lahsa, Salheen, Al Shaqaqi, Al Zinkal, Njeem
Ongoing procedures
1El Hishri
Ongoing procedures
0
Ongoing procedures
0
Procedures finished, due to ...
3M. Gaddafi, Khaled, Werfalli
Procedures finished, due to ...
1Senussi
Procedures finished, due to ...
0
Procedures finished, due to ...
0
PTC
I
Côte d'Ivoire
Côte d'Ivoire
Situation
Côte d'Ivoire
Publicly indicted
3
Ongoing procedures
0
Ongoing procedures
0
Ongoing procedures
0
Procedures finished, due to ...
0
Procedures finished, due to ...
0
Procedures finished, due to ...
3L. Gbagbo, Blé Goudé, S. Gbagbo
Procedures finished, due to ...
0
PTC
II
Mali
Mali
Situation
Mali
Publicly indicted
3
Ongoing procedures
1Ghaly
Ongoing procedures
0
Ongoing procedures
0
Ongoing procedures
0
Procedures finished, due to ...
0
Procedures finished, due to ...
0
Procedures finished, due to ...
0
Procedures finished, due to ...
2al-Mahdi, al-Hassan
PTC
I
Central African Republic II
Central African Republic II
Situation
Central African Republic II
Publicly indicted
6
Ongoing procedures
1Adam
Ongoing procedures
0
Ongoing procedures
1Said
Ongoing procedures
2Yekatom, Ngaïssona
Procedures finished, due to ...
0
Procedures finished, due to ...
1Beina
Procedures finished, due to ...
1Mokom
Procedures finished, due to ...
0
PTC
II
TCs
VYekatom, NgaïssonaVISaid
Georgia
Georgia
Situation
Georgia
Publicly indicted
3
Ongoing procedures
3Guchmazov, Mindzaev, Sanakoev
Ongoing procedures
0
Ongoing procedures
0
Ongoing procedures
0
Procedures finished, due to ...
0
Procedures finished, due to ...
0
Procedures finished, due to ...
0
Procedures finished, due to ...
0
PTC
I
Burundi
Burundi
Situation
Burundi
Publicly indicted
0
Ongoing procedures
0
Ongoing procedures
0
Ongoing procedures
0
Ongoing procedures
0
Procedures finished, due to ...
0
Procedures finished, due to ...
0
Procedures finished, due to ...
0
Procedures finished, due to ...
0
PTC
II
Bangladesh / Myanmar
Bangladesh / Myanmar
Situation
Bangladesh / Myanmar
Publicly indicted
0
Ongoing procedures
0
Ongoing procedures
0
Ongoing procedures
0
Ongoing procedures
0
Procedures finished, due to ...
0
Procedures finished, due to ...
0
Procedures finished, due to ...
0
Procedures finished, due to ...
0
PTC
I
Afghanistan
Afghanistan
Situation
Afghanistan
Publicly indicted
2
Ongoing procedures
2Akhundzada, Haqqani
Ongoing procedures
0
Ongoing procedures
0
Ongoing procedures
0
Procedures finished, due to ...
0
Procedures finished, due to ...
0
Procedures finished, due to ...
0
Procedures finished, due to ...
0
PTC
II
Palestine
Palestine
Situation
Palestine
Publicly indicted
3
Ongoing procedures
2Gallant, Netanyahu
Ongoing procedures
0
Ongoing procedures
0
Ongoing procedures
0
Procedures finished, due to ...
1Deif
Procedures finished, due to ...
0
Procedures finished, due to ...
0
Procedures finished, due to ...
0
PTC
I
Philippines
Philippines
Situation
Philippines
Publicly indicted
1
Ongoing procedures
0
Ongoing procedures
1Duterte
Ongoing procedures
0
Ongoing procedures
0
Procedures finished, due to ...
0
Procedures finished, due to ...
0
Procedures finished, due to ...
0
Procedures finished, due to ...
0
PTC
I
Venezuela I
Venezuela I
Situation
Venezuela I
Publicly indicted
0
Ongoing procedures
0
Ongoing procedures
0
Ongoing procedures
0
Ongoing procedures
0
Procedures finished, due to ...
0
Procedures finished, due to ...
0
Procedures finished, due to ...
0
Procedures finished, due to ...
0
PTC
I
Ukraine
Ukraine
Situation
Ukraine
Publicly indicted
6
Ongoing procedures
6Putin, Lvova-Belova, Kobylash, Sokolov, Shoigu, Gerasimov
Ongoing procedures
0
Ongoing procedures
0
Ongoing procedures
0
Procedures finished, due to ...
0
Procedures finished, due to ...
0
Procedures finished, due to ...
0
Procedures finished, due to ...
0
PTC
II
Total
Total
Situation
Total
Publicly indicted
73
Ongoing procedures
31
Ongoing procedures
3
Ongoing procedures
1
Ongoing procedures
3
Procedures finished, due to ...
9
Procedures finished, due to ...
2
Procedures finished, due to ...
14
Procedures finished, due to ...
11
Situation
Publicly indicted
Ongoing procedures
Procedures finished, due to ...
PTC
TCs
Not before court
Pre-Trial
Trial
Appeal
Death
Inadmissibility
Acquittal etc.
Conviction
Democratic Republic of the Congo
6
1Mudacumura
0
0
0
0
0
2Chui, Mbarushimana
3Katanga, Lubanga, Ntaganda
I
Uganda
5
1Kony
0
0
0
3Lukwiya, Odhiambo, Otti
0
0
1Ongwen
III
Central African Republic I
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
1Bemba (main case)
5Kilolo, Babala, Mangenda, Arido, Bemba (OAJ)
II
Darfur, Sudan
7
3Haroun, al-Bashir, Hussein
1Banda
0
1Abd-Al-Rahman
1Jerbo
0
1Abu Garda
0
II
IAbd-Al-RahmanIVBanda
Kenya
9
2Barasa, Bett
0
0
0
1 Gicheru
0
6Kosgey, Ali, Muthaura, Kenyatta, Ruto, Sang
0
II
Libya
14
9S. Gaddafi, Sneidel, Al Kani, Douma, Al Lahsa, Salheen, Al Shaqaqi, Al Zinkal, Njeem
1El Hishri
0
0
3M. Gaddafi, Khaled, Werfalli
1Senussi
0
0
I
Côte d'Ivoire
3
0
0
0
0
0
3L. Gbagbo, Blé Goudé, S. Gbagbo
0
II
Mali
3
1Ghaly
0
0
0
0
0
0
2al-Mahdi, al-Hassan
I
Central African Republic II
6
1Adam
0
1Said
2Yekatom, Ngaïssona
0
1Beina
1Mokom
0
II
VYekatom, NgaïssonaVISaid
Georgia
3
3Guchmazov, Mindzaev, Sanakoev
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
I
Burundi
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
II
Bangladesh / Myanmar
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
I
Afghanistan
2
2Akhundzada, Haqqani
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
II
Palestine
3
2Gallant, Netanyahu
0
0
0
1Deif
0
0
0
I
Philippines
1
0
1Duterte
0
0
0
0
0
0
I
Venezuela I
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
I
Ukraine
6
6Putin, Lvova-Belova, Kobylash, Sokolov, Shoigu, Gerasimov
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
II
Total
73
31
3
1
3
9
2
14
11
Overview on cases currently active before the ICC (excludes cases against fugitives and reparations proceedings) · Investigations and preliminary examinations
Duterte
Duterte
Between initial appearance and beginning of confirmation of charges hearing
Duterte
Between beginning of confirmation of charges hearing and beginning of trial
Banda
Between beginning of trial and judgment
Said
Between trial judgment and appeals judgment
Yekatom, Ngaïssona
El Hishri
El Hishri
Between initial appearance and beginning of confirmation of charges hearing
El Hishri
Between trial judgment and appeals judgment
Abd-Al-Rahman
Between initial appearance and beginning of confirmation of charges hearing
Between beginning of confirmation of charges hearing and beginning of trial
Between beginning of trial and judgment
Between trial judgment and appeals judgment
Duterte
Banda
Said
Yekatom, Ngaïssona
El Hishri
Abd-Al-Rahman
Detailed summary of investigations[note 1] and prosecutions by the International Criminal Court · Investigations and preliminary examinations
Date
Date
Situation
Date
Individualsindicted
G
Indicted
CAH
Indicted
WC
Indicted
OAJ
Democratic Republic of the CongoInvestigation article
Democratic Republic of the CongoInvestigation article
Situation
Democratic Republic of the CongoInvestigation article
Individualsindicted
Thomas Lubanga Dyilo
Indicted
10 February 2006
Indicted
Indicted
Indicted
3
Indicted
Transfer to ICCInitial appearance
17 March 200620 March 2006
Confirmation of charges hearingResult
9-28 November 2006confirmed 29 January 2007
TrialResult
26 January 2009 – 26 August 2011convicted 14 March 2012sentenced 10 July 2012
Appeal hearingsResult
19–20 May 2014verdict and sentence confirmed1 December 2014
Current status
Convicted and sentenced to 14 years imprisonment; decision final; reparations regime established; ICC-related sentence served (after 14 years)
Bosco Ntaganda
Bosco Ntaganda
Situation
Bosco Ntaganda
Individualsindicted
22 August 200613 July 2012
Indicted
Indicted
3
Indicted
7
Indicted
Indicted
22 March 201326 March 2013
Transfer to ICCInitial appearance
10-14 February 2014confirmed9 June 2014
Confirmation of charges hearingResult
2 September 2015 - 30 August 2018convicted 8 July 2019sentenced 7 November 2019
TrialResult
Verdict and sentence confirmed30 March 2021
Appeal hearingsResult
Convicted and sentenced to 30 years imprisonment; decision final; in custody of Belgian authorities; release between 2033 and 2043
Germain Katanga
Germain Katanga
Situation
Germain Katanga
Individualsindicted
2 July 2007
Indicted
Indicted
3
Indicted
6
Indicted
Indicted
17 October 200722 October 2007
Transfer to ICCInitial appearance
27 June–18 July 2008confirmed 26 September 2008
Confirmation of charges hearingResult
24 November 2009 – 23 May 2012convicted 7 March 2014sentenced 23 May 2014
TrialResult
Appeals by Prosecution and Defence discontinued
Appeal hearingsResult
Convicted and sentenced to 12 years imprisonment; decision final; reparations regime established; ICC-related sentence served (after 8 years, 4 months); remained in custody of DRC authorities due to other charges
Mathieu Ngudjolo Chui
Mathieu Ngudjolo Chui
Situation
Mathieu Ngudjolo Chui
Individualsindicted
6 July 2007
Indicted
Indicted
3
Indicted
6
Indicted
Indicted
6 February 200811 February 2008
Transfer to ICCInitial appearance
24 November 2009 – 23 May 2012acquitted 18 December 2012
Confirmation of charges hearingResult
21 October 2014acquittal confirmed 27 February 2015
TrialResult
Acquitted; decision final
Callixte Mbarushimana
Callixte Mbarushimana
Situation
Callixte Mbarushimana
Individualsindicted
28 September 2010
Indicted
Indicted
5
Indicted
6
Indicted
Indicted
25 January 201128 January 2011
Transfer to ICCInitial appearance
16-21 September 2011dismissed 16 December 2011
TrialResult
Proceedings finished with charges dismissed, released
Sylvestre Mudacumura
Sylvestre Mudacumura
Situation
Sylvestre Mudacumura
Individualsindicted
13 July 2012
Indicted
Indicted
Indicted
9
Indicted
Appeal hearingsResult
Not in ICC custody; reportedly died on 17/18 September 2019
UgandaInvestigation article
UgandaInvestigation article
Situation
UgandaInvestigation article
Individualsindicted
Joseph Kony
Indicted
8 July 2005
Indicted
Indicted
12
Indicted
21
Indicted
Current status
Not in ICC custody
Okot Odhiambo
Okot Odhiambo
Situation
Okot Odhiambo
Individualsindicted
Indicted
3
Indicted
7
Indicted
Indicted
Proceedings finished due to death
Raska Lukwiya
Raska Lukwiya
Situation
Raska Lukwiya
Individualsindicted
Indicted
1
Indicted
3
Indicted
Indicted
Proceedings finished due to death
Vincent Otti
Vincent Otti
Situation
Vincent Otti
Individualsindicted
Indicted
11
Indicted
21
Indicted
Indicted
Proceedings finished due to death
Dominic Ongwen
Dominic Ongwen
Situation
Dominic Ongwen
Individualsindicted
Indicted
3
Indicted
4
Indicted
Indicted
21 January 201526 January 2015
Indicted
21–27 January 2016confirmed23 March 2016
Transfer to ICCInitial appearance
6 December 2016 – 12 March 2020convicted4 February 2021sentenced6 May 2021
Confirmation of charges hearingResult
14-18 February 2022verdict and sentence confirmed15 December 2022
TrialResult
Convicted and sentenced to 25 years of imprisonment; decision final; in custody of Norwegian authorities, release between 2031 and 2040
Central African Republic
Central African Republic
Situation
Central African Republic
Individualsindicted
Jean-Pierre Bemba
Indicted
23 May 200810 June 2008
Indicted
Indicted
3
Indicted
5
Indicted
Transfer to ICCInitial appearance
3 July 20084 July 2008
Confirmation of charges hearingResult
12-15 January 2009confirmed 15 June 2009
TrialResult
22 November 2010 – 13 November 2014convicted21 March 2016sentenced21 June 2016
Appeal hearingsResult
9-16 January 2018acquitted8 June 2018
Current status
Acquitted; decision final
20 November 2013
20 November 2013
Situation
20 November 2013
Individualsindicted
Indicted
Indicted
Indicted
2
Indicted
23 November 201327 November 2013
Indicted
in writingconfirmed11 November 2014
Transfer to ICCInitial appearance
29 September 2015 – 2 June 2016convicted19 October 2016sentenced22 March 2017partially re-sentenced upon appeal17 September 2018
Confirmation of charges hearingResult
Verdicts modified and re-sentencing partially remanded to Trial Chamber8 March 2018re-sentencing confirmed27 November 2019
TrialResult
Convicted and sentenced to one year of imprisonment and a fine of 300,000 USD; decision final; sentence served
Aimé Kilolo Musamba
Aimé Kilolo Musamba
Situation
Aimé Kilolo Musamba
Individualsindicted
Indicted
Indicted
Indicted
2
Indicted
25 November 201327 November 2013
Indicted
Convicted and sentenced to a fine of 30,000 USD; decision final
Fidèle Babala Wandu
Fidèle Babala Wandu
Situation
Fidèle Babala Wandu
Individualsindicted
Indicted
Indicted
Indicted
2
Indicted
Convicted and sentenced to six months of imprisonment; decision final; sentence served
Jean-Jacques Mangenda Kabongo
Jean-Jacques Mangenda Kabongo
Situation
Jean-Jacques Mangenda Kabongo
Individualsindicted
Indicted
Indicted
Indicted
2
Indicted
4 December 20135 December 2013
Indicted
Convicted and sentenced to eleven months of imprisonment; decision final; sentence served
Narcisse Arido
Narcisse Arido
Situation
Narcisse Arido
Individualsindicted
Indicted
Indicted
Indicted
2
Indicted
18 March 201420 March 2014
Indicted
Convicted and sentenced to eleven months of imprisonment; decision final; sentence served
Darfur, SudanInvestigation article
Darfur, SudanInvestigation article
Situation
Darfur, SudanInvestigation article
Individualsindicted
Ahmed Haroun
Indicted
27 April 2007
Indicted
Indicted
20
Indicted
22
Indicted
Current status
Not in ICC custody
Ali Muhammad Ali Abd-Al-Rahman
Ali Muhammad Ali Abd-Al-Rahman
Situation
Ali Muhammad Ali Abd-Al-Rahman
Individualsindicted
Indicted
22
Indicted
28
Indicted
Indicted
9 June 202015 June 2020
Indicted
24-26 May 2021confirmed 9 July 2021
Transfer to ICCInitial appearance
5 April 2022 –13 December 2024convicted 6 October 2025
TrialResult
In ICC custody, convicted, awaiting sentencing
Omar al-Bashir
Omar al-Bashir
Situation
Omar al-Bashir
Individualsindicted
4 March 200912 July 2010
Indicted
3
Indicted
5
Indicted
2
Indicted
Appeal hearingsResult
Not in ICC custody
Bahr Idriss Abu Garda
Bahr Idriss Abu Garda
Situation
Bahr Idriss Abu Garda
Individualsindicted
7 May 2009(summons)
Indicted
Indicted
Indicted
3
Indicted
Indicted
18 May 2009
Transfer to ICCInitial appearance
19-29 October 2009dismissed 8 February 2010
TrialResult
Proceedings finished with charges dismissed
Abdallah Banda
Abdallah Banda
Situation
Abdallah Banda
Individualsindicted
27 August 2009(summons)11 September 2014(warrant of arrest)
Indicted
Indicted
Indicted
3
Indicted
Indicted
17 June 2010
Transfer to ICCInitial appearance
8 December 2010confirmed 7 March 2011
Appeal hearingsResult
At large under warrant of arrest, previously appeared voluntarily, charges confirmed, trial before Trial Chamber IV to begin
Saleh Jerbo
Saleh Jerbo
Situation
Saleh Jerbo
Individualsindicted
27 August 2009(summons)
Indicted
Indicted
Indicted
3
Indicted
Transfer to ICCInitial appearance
Proceedings finished due to death
Abdel Raheem Muhammad Hussein
Abdel Raheem Muhammad Hussein
Situation
Abdel Raheem Muhammad Hussein
Individualsindicted
1 March 2012
Indicted
Indicted
7
Indicted
6
Indicted
Appeal hearingsResult
Not in ICC custody
KenyaInvestigation article
KenyaInvestigation article
Situation
KenyaInvestigation article
Individualsindicted
William Ruto
Indicted
8 March 2011(summons)
Indicted
Indicted
4
Indicted
Indicted
Transfer to ICCInitial appearance
7 April 2011
Confirmation of charges hearingResult
1-8 September 2011confirmed 23 January 2012
TrialResult
10 September 2013 –5 April 2016(terminated)
Current status
Proceedings terminated without prejudice to re-prosecution
Joshua Sang
Joshua Sang
Situation
Joshua Sang
Individualsindicted
Indicted
4
Indicted
Indicted
Henry Kosgey
Henry Kosgey
Situation
Henry Kosgey
Individualsindicted
Indicted
4
Indicted
Indicted
Indicted
1-8 September 2011dismissed 23 January 2012
Transfer to ICCInitial appearance
Proceedings finished with charges dismissed
Francis Muthaura
Francis Muthaura
Situation
Francis Muthaura
Individualsindicted
8 March 2011(summons)
Indicted
Indicted
5
Indicted
Indicted
Indicted
8 April 2011
Transfer to ICCInitial appearance
21 September – 5 October 2011confirmed 23 January 2012
TrialResult
Proceedings finished with confirmed charges withdrawn before trial
Uhuru Kenyatta
Uhuru Kenyatta
Situation
Uhuru Kenyatta
Individualsindicted
Indicted
5
Indicted
Indicted
Mohammed Hussein Ali
Mohammed Hussein Ali
Situation
Mohammed Hussein Ali
Individualsindicted
Indicted
5
Indicted
Indicted
Indicted
21 September – 5 October 2011dismissed 23 January 2012
Transfer to ICCInitial appearance
Proceedings finished with charges dismissed
Walter Barasa
Walter Barasa
Situation
Walter Barasa
Individualsindicted
2 August 2013
Indicted
Indicted
Indicted
Indicted
3
Appeal hearingsResult
Not in ICC custody
Paul Gicheru
Paul Gicheru
Situation
Paul Gicheru
Individualsindicted
10 March 2015
Indicted
Indicted
Indicted
Indicted
6
Indicted
3 November 20206 November 2020
Transfer to ICCInitial appearance
confirmed 15 July 2021
Confirmation of charges hearingResult
15 February 2022 – 27 June 2022
Appeal hearingsResult
Proceedings finished due to death
Philip Kipkoech Bett
Philip Kipkoech Bett
Situation
Philip Kipkoech Bett
Individualsindicted
Indicted
Indicted
Indicted
4
TrialResult
Not in ICC custody
LibyaInvestigation article
LibyaInvestigation article
Situation
LibyaInvestigation article
Individualsindicted
Muammar Gaddafi
Indicted
27 June 2011
Indicted
Indicted
2
Indicted
Indicted
Confirmation of charges hearingResult
Proceedings finished due to death
Saif al-Islam Gaddafi
Saif al-Islam Gaddafi
Situation
Saif al-Islam Gaddafi
Individualsindicted
Indicted
2
Indicted
Indicted
TrialResult
Not in ICC custody
Abdullah Senussi
Abdullah Senussi
Situation
Abdullah Senussi
Individualsindicted
Indicted
2
Indicted
Indicted
Indicted
Proceedings finished with case held inadmissible
Al-Tuhamy Mohamed Khaled
Al-Tuhamy Mohamed Khaled
Situation
Al-Tuhamy Mohamed Khaled
Individualsindicted
18 April 2013
Indicted
Indicted
4
Indicted
3
Indicted
Transfer to ICCInitial appearance
Proceedings finished due to death
Mahmoud al-Werfalli
Mahmoud al-Werfalli
Situation
Mahmoud al-Werfalli
Individualsindicted
15 August 20174 July 2018
Indicted
Indicted
Indicted
7
Indicted
Transfer to ICCInitial appearance
Proceedings finished due to death
Saif Suleiman Sneidel
Saif Suleiman Sneidel
Situation
Saif Suleiman Sneidel
Individualsindicted
10 November 2020
Indicted
Indicted
Indicted
3
Indicted
Appeal hearingsResult
Not in ICC custody
Abdulrahem Al Kani
Abdulrahem Al Kani
Situation
Abdulrahem Al Kani
Individualsindicted
6 April 2023
Indicted
Indicted
Indicted
4
Indicted
Appeal hearingsResult
Not in ICC custody
Makhlouf Douma
Makhlouf Douma
Situation
Makhlouf Douma
Individualsindicted
Indicted
Indicted
4
Indicted
TrialResult
Not in ICC custody
Nasser Al Lahsa
Nasser Al Lahsa
Situation
Nasser Al Lahsa
Individualsindicted
Indicted
Indicted
4
Indicted
TrialResult
Not in ICC custody
Mohamed Salheen
Mohamed Salheen
Situation
Mohamed Salheen
Individualsindicted
Indicted
Indicted
6
Indicted
TrialResult
Not in ICC custody
Abdelbari Al Shaqaqi
Abdelbari Al Shaqaqi
Situation
Abdelbari Al Shaqaqi
Individualsindicted
18 July 2023
Indicted
Indicted
Indicted
4
Indicted
Appeal hearingsResult
Not in ICC custody
Fathi Al Zinkal
Fathi Al Zinkal
Situation
Fathi Al Zinkal
Individualsindicted
Indicted
Indicted
6
Indicted
TrialResult
Not in ICC custody
Osama Elmasry Njeem
Osama Elmasry Njeem
Situation
Osama Elmasry Njeem
Individualsindicted
18 January 2025
Indicted
Indicted
6
Indicted
6
Indicted
Appeal hearingsResult
Not in ICC custody
Khaled Mohamed Ali El Hishri
Khaled Mohamed Ali El Hishri
Situation
Khaled Mohamed Ali El Hishri
Individualsindicted
10 July 2025
Indicted
Indicted
6
Indicted
6
Indicted
Indicted
1 December 20253 December 2025
Transfer to ICCInitial appearance
scheduled to begin 19 May 2026
Appeal hearingsResult
In ICC custody, confirmation of charges hearing scheduled
Ivory Coast
Ivory Coast
Situation
Ivory Coast
Individualsindicted
Laurent Gbagbo
Indicted
23 November 2011
Indicted
Indicted
4
Indicted
Indicted
Transfer to ICCInitial appearance
30 November 20115 December 2011
Confirmation of charges hearingResult
19–28 February 2013confirmed12 June 2014
TrialResult
28 January 2016 – 15 January 2019acquitted15 January 2019
Appeal hearingsResult
Acquittal confirmed31 March 2021
Current status
Acquitted; decision final
Charles Blé Goudé
Charles Blé Goudé
Situation
Charles Blé Goudé
Individualsindicted
21 December 2011
Indicted
Indicted
4
Indicted
Indicted
Indicted
22–23 March 201427 March 2014
Transfer to ICCInitial appearance
29 September –2 October 2014confirmed11 December 2014
Simone Gbagbo
Simone Gbagbo
Situation
Simone Gbagbo
Individualsindicted
29 February 2012
Indicted
Indicted
4
Indicted
Indicted
Transfer to ICCInitial appearance
Proceedings finished with charges withdrawn
MaliInvestigation article
MaliInvestigation article
Situation
MaliInvestigation article
Individualsindicted
Ahmad al-Faqi al-Mahdi
Indicted
18 September 2015
Indicted
Indicted
Indicted
1
Indicted
Transfer to ICCInitial appearance
26 September 201530 September 2015
Confirmation of charges hearingResult
1 March 2016confirmed24 March 2016
TrialResult
22–24 August 2016convicted and sentenced27 September 2016
Current status
Convicted and sentenced to nine years imprisonment; decision final; reparations regime established; ICC-related sentence served (after seven years)
Iyad Ag Ghaly
Iyad Ag Ghaly
Situation
Iyad Ag Ghaly
Individualsindicted
18 July 2017
Indicted
Indicted
6
Indicted
4
Indicted
Appeal hearingsResult
Not in ICC custody
Al Hassan Ag Abdoul Aziz
Al Hassan Ag Abdoul Aziz
Situation
Al Hassan Ag Abdoul Aziz
Individualsindicted
27 March 2018
Indicted
Indicted
4
Indicted
4
Indicted
Indicted
31 March 20184 April 2018
Transfer to ICCInitial appearance
8–17 July 2019confirmed30 September 2019
Confirmation of charges hearingResult
14 July 2020 – 25 May 2023convicted26 June 2024sentenced20 November 2024
TrialResult
Appeals by Prosecution and Defence discontinued
Appeal hearingsResult
Convicted and sentenced to 10 years of imprisonment; decision final; set to be released in 2027
Central African Republic II
Central African Republic II
Situation
Central African Republic II
Individualsindicted
Alfred Yekatom
Indicted
11 November 2018
Indicted
Indicted
6
Indicted
7
Indicted
Transfer to ICCInitial appearance
17 November 201823 November 2018
Confirmation of charges hearingResult
19 September 2019 – 11 October 2019confirmed11 December 2019
TrialResult
16 February 2021 – 12 December 2024convicted and sentenced 24 July 2025
Current status
In ICC custody, convicted and sentenced to 15 years imprisonment, appeals possible; if conviction and sentence stand, to be released between 2028 and 2033
Patrice-Edouard Ngaïssona
Patrice-Edouard Ngaïssona
Situation
Patrice-Edouard Ngaïssona
Individualsindicted
7 December 2018
Indicted
Indicted
7
Indicted
9
Indicted
Indicted
23 January 201925 January 2019
Confirmation of charges hearingResult
In ICC custody, convicted and sentenced to 12 years imprisonment, appeals possible; if conviction and sentence stand, to be released between 2026 and 2030
Edmond Beina
Edmond Beina
Situation
Edmond Beina
Individualsindicted
7 December 2018
Indicted
Indicted
4
Indicted
6
Indicted
Transfer to ICCInitial appearance
Proceedings finished with case held inadmissible, appeal possible
Maxime Mokom
Maxime Mokom
Situation
Maxime Mokom
Individualsindicted
10 December 2018
Indicted
Indicted
9
Indicted
13
Indicted
Indicted
14 March 202222 March 2022
Transfer to ICCInitial appearance
22–24 August 2023
TrialResult
Proceedings finished with charges withdrawn
Mahamat Said Abdel Kani
Mahamat Said Abdel Kani
Situation
Mahamat Said Abdel Kani
Individualsindicted
7 January 2019
Indicted
Indicted
8
Indicted
6
Indicted
Indicted
24 January 202128–29 January 2021
Transfer to ICCInitial appearance
12–14 October 2022confirmed9 December 2021
Confirmation of charges hearingResult
26 September 2022 –
Appeal hearingsResult
In ICC custody, charges confirmed, trial before Trial-Chamber VI ongoing
Noureddine Adam
Noureddine Adam
Situation
Noureddine Adam
Individualsindicted
7 January 2019
Indicted
Indicted
5
Indicted
1
Indicted
Appeal hearingsResult
Not in ICC custody
GeorgiaInvestigation article
GeorgiaInvestigation article
Situation
GeorgiaInvestigation article
Individualsindicted
Mikhail Mindzaev
Indicted
24 June 2022
Indicted
Indicted
Indicted
5
Indicted
Current status
Not in ICC custody
Gamlet Guchmazov
Gamlet Guchmazov
Situation
Gamlet Guchmazov
Individualsindicted
Indicted
Indicted
5
Indicted
TrialResult
Not in ICC custody
David Sanakoev
David Sanakoev
Situation
David Sanakoev
Individualsindicted
Indicted
Indicted
2
Indicted
TrialResult
Not in ICC custody
Burundi
Burundi
Situation
Burundi
Indicted
Investigation initiated
Bangladesh/MyanmarInvestigation article
Bangladesh/MyanmarInvestigation article
Situation
Bangladesh/MyanmarInvestigation article
Indicted
Investigation initiated
AfghanistanInvestigation article
AfghanistanInvestigation article
Situation
AfghanistanInvestigation article
Individualsindicted
Haibatullah Akhundzada
Indicted
8 July 2025
Indicted
Indicted
1
Indicted
Indicted
Current status
Not in ICC custody
Abdul Hakim Haqqani
Abdul Hakim Haqqani
Situation
Abdul Hakim Haqqani
Individualsindicted
Indicted
1
Indicted
Indicted
TrialResult
Not in ICC custody
PalestineInvestigation articleArrest warrants article
PalestineInvestigation articleArrest warrants article
Situation
PalestineInvestigation articleArrest warrants article
Individualsindicted
Mohammed Deif
Indicted
21 November 2024
Indicted
Indicted
5
Indicted
3
Indicted
Confirmation of charges hearingResult
Proceedings finished due to death
Yoav Gallant
Yoav Gallant
Situation
Yoav Gallant
Individualsindicted
21 November 2024
Indicted
Indicted
3
Indicted
4
Indicted
Appeal hearingsResult
Not in ICC custody
Benjamin Netanyahu
Benjamin Netanyahu
Situation
Benjamin Netanyahu
Individualsindicted
Indicted
3
Indicted
4
Indicted
TrialResult
Not in ICC custody
PhilippinesInvestigation article
PhilippinesInvestigation article
Situation
PhilippinesInvestigation article
Individualsindicted
Rodrigo Duterte
Indicted
7 March 2025
Indicted
Indicted
1
Indicted
Indicted
Transfer to ICCInitial appearance
12 March 202514 March 2025
Confirmation of charges hearingResult
Confirmation hearing postponed
Current status
In ICC custody, confirmation of charges hearing postponed
Venezuela IInvestigation article
Venezuela IInvestigation article
Situation
Venezuela IInvestigation article
Indicted
Investigation initiated
UkraineInvestigation articleArrest warrants article
UkraineInvestigation articleArrest warrants article
Situation
UkraineInvestigation articleArrest warrants article
Individualsindicted
Vladimir Putin
Indicted
17 March 2023
Indicted
Indicted
Indicted
2
Indicted
Current status
Not in ICC custody
Maria Lvova-Belova
Maria Lvova-Belova
Situation
Maria Lvova-Belova
Individualsindicted
Indicted
Indicted
2
Indicted
TrialResult
Not in ICC custody
Viktor Sokolov
Viktor Sokolov
Situation
Viktor Sokolov
Individualsindicted
5 March 2024
Indicted
Indicted
1
Indicted
2
Indicted
Appeal hearingsResult
Not in ICC custody
Sergey Kobylash
Sergey Kobylash
Situation
Sergey Kobylash
Individualsindicted
Indicted
1
Indicted
2
Indicted
TrialResult
Not in ICC custody
Sergei Shoigu
Sergei Shoigu
Situation
Sergei Shoigu
Individualsindicted
24 June 2024
Indicted
Indicted
1
Indicted
2
Indicted
Appeal hearingsResult
Not in ICC custody
Valery Gerasimov
Valery Gerasimov
Situation
Valery Gerasimov
Individualsindicted
Indicted
1
Indicted
2
Indicted
TrialResult
Not in ICC custody
Situation
Individualsindicted
Indicted
Transfer to ICCInitial appearance
Confirmation of charges hearingResult
TrialResult
Appeal hearingsResult
Current status
Ref.
Date
G
CAH
WC
OAJ
Democratic Republic of the CongoInvestigation article
Thomas Lubanga Dyilo
10 February 2006
3
17 March 200620 March 2006
9-28 November 2006confirmed 29 January 2007
26 January 2009 – 26 August 2011convicted 14 March 2012sentenced 10 July 2012
19–20 May 2014verdict and sentence confirmed1 December 2014
Convicted and sentenced to 14 years imprisonment; decision final; reparations regime established; ICC-related sentence served (after 14 years)
Bosco Ntaganda
22 August 200613 July 2012
3
7
22 March 201326 March 2013
10-14 February 2014confirmed9 June 2014
2 September 2015 - 30 August 2018convicted 8 July 2019sentenced 7 November 2019
Verdict and sentence confirmed30 March 2021
Convicted and sentenced to 30 years imprisonment; decision final; in custody of Belgian authorities; release between 2033 and 2043
Germain Katanga
2 July 2007
3
6
17 October 200722 October 2007
27 June–18 July 2008confirmed 26 September 2008
24 November 2009 – 23 May 2012convicted 7 March 2014sentenced 23 May 2014
Appeals by Prosecution and Defence discontinued
Convicted and sentenced to 12 years imprisonment; decision final; reparations regime established; ICC-related sentence served (after 8 years, 4 months); remained in custody of DRC authorities due to other charges
Mathieu Ngudjolo Chui
6 July 2007
3
6
6 February 200811 February 2008
24 November 2009 – 23 May 2012acquitted 18 December 2012
21 October 2014acquittal confirmed 27 February 2015
Acquitted; decision final
Callixte Mbarushimana
28 September 2010
5
6
25 January 201128 January 2011
16-21 September 2011dismissed 16 December 2011
Proceedings finished with charges dismissed, released
Sylvestre Mudacumura
13 July 2012
9
Not in ICC custody; reportedly died on 17/18 September 2019
UgandaInvestigation article
Joseph Kony
8 July 2005
12
21
Not in ICC custody
Okot Odhiambo
3
7
Proceedings finished due to death
Raska Lukwiya
1
3
Proceedings finished due to death
Vincent Otti
11
21
Proceedings finished due to death
Dominic Ongwen
3
4
21 January 201526 January 2015
21–27 January 2016confirmed23 March 2016
6 December 2016 – 12 March 2020convicted4 February 2021sentenced6 May 2021
14-18 February 2022verdict and sentence confirmed15 December 2022
Convicted and sentenced to 25 years of imprisonment; decision final; in custody of Norwegian authorities, release between 2031 and 2040
Central African Republic
Jean-Pierre Bemba
23 May 200810 June 2008
3
5
3 July 20084 July 2008
12-15 January 2009confirmed 15 June 2009
22 November 2010 – 13 November 2014convicted21 March 2016sentenced21 June 2016
9-16 January 2018acquitted8 June 2018
Acquitted; decision final
20 November 2013
2
23 November 201327 November 2013
in writingconfirmed11 November 2014
29 September 2015 – 2 June 2016convicted19 October 2016sentenced22 March 2017partially re-sentenced upon appeal17 September 2018
Verdicts modified and re-sentencing partially remanded to Trial Chamber8 March 2018re-sentencing confirmed27 November 2019
Convicted and sentenced to one year of imprisonment and a fine of 300,000 USD; decision final; sentence served
Aimé Kilolo Musamba
2
25 November 201327 November 2013
Convicted and sentenced to a fine of 30,000 USD; decision final
Fidèle Babala Wandu
2
Convicted and sentenced to six months of imprisonment; decision final; sentence served
Jean-Jacques Mangenda Kabongo
2
4 December 20135 December 2013
Convicted and sentenced to eleven months of imprisonment; decision final; sentence served
Narcisse Arido
2
18 March 201420 March 2014
Convicted and sentenced to eleven months of imprisonment; decision final; sentence served
Darfur, SudanInvestigation article
Ahmed Haroun
27 April 2007
20
22
Not in ICC custody
Ali Muhammad Ali Abd-Al-Rahman
22
28
9 June 202015 June 2020
24-26 May 2021confirmed 9 July 2021
5 April 2022 –13 December 2024convicted 6 October 2025
In ICC custody, convicted, awaiting sentencing
Omar al-Bashir
4 March 200912 July 2010
3
5
2
Not in ICC custody
Bahr Idriss Abu Garda
7 May 2009(summons)
3
18 May 2009
19-29 October 2009dismissed 8 February 2010
Proceedings finished with charges dismissed
Abdallah Banda
27 August 2009(summons)11 September 2014(warrant of arrest)
3
17 June 2010
8 December 2010confirmed 7 March 2011
At large under warrant of arrest, previously appeared voluntarily, charges confirmed, trial before Trial Chamber IV to begin
Saleh Jerbo
27 August 2009(summons)
3
Proceedings finished due to death
Abdel Raheem Muhammad Hussein
1 March 2012
7
6
Not in ICC custody
KenyaInvestigation article
William Ruto
8 March 2011(summons)
4
7 April 2011
1-8 September 2011confirmed 23 January 2012
10 September 2013 –5 April 2016(terminated)
Proceedings terminated without prejudice to re-prosecution
Joshua Sang
4
Henry Kosgey
4
1-8 September 2011dismissed 23 January 2012
Proceedings finished with charges dismissed
Francis Muthaura
8 March 2011(summons)
5
8 April 2011
21 September – 5 October 2011confirmed 23 January 2012
Proceedings finished with confirmed charges withdrawn before trial
Uhuru Kenyatta
5
Mohammed Hussein Ali
5
21 September – 5 October 2011dismissed 23 January 2012
Proceedings finished with charges dismissed
Walter Barasa
2 August 2013
3
Not in ICC custody
Paul Gicheru
10 March 2015
6
3 November 20206 November 2020
confirmed 15 July 2021
15 February 2022 – 27 June 2022
Proceedings finished due to death
Philip Kipkoech Bett
4
Not in ICC custody
LibyaInvestigation article
Muammar Gaddafi
27 June 2011
2
Proceedings finished due to death
Saif al-Islam Gaddafi
2
Not in ICC custody
Abdullah Senussi
2
Proceedings finished with case held inadmissible
Al-Tuhamy Mohamed Khaled
18 April 2013
4
3
Proceedings finished due to death
Mahmoud al-Werfalli
15 August 20174 July 2018
7
Proceedings finished due to death
Saif Suleiman Sneidel
10 November 2020
3
Not in ICC custody
Abdulrahem Al Kani
6 April 2023
4
Not in ICC custody
Makhlouf Douma
4
Not in ICC custody
Nasser Al Lahsa
4
Not in ICC custody
Mohamed Salheen
6
Not in ICC custody
Abdelbari Al Shaqaqi
18 July 2023
4
Not in ICC custody
Fathi Al Zinkal
6
Not in ICC custody
Osama Elmasry Njeem
18 January 2025
6
6
Not in ICC custody
Khaled Mohamed Ali El Hishri
10 July 2025
6
6
1 December 20253 December 2025
scheduled to begin 19 May 2026
In ICC custody, confirmation of charges hearing scheduled
Ivory Coast
Laurent Gbagbo
23 November 2011
4
30 November 20115 December 2011
19–28 February 2013confirmed12 June 2014
28 January 2016 – 15 January 2019acquitted15 January 2019
Acquittal confirmed31 March 2021
Acquitted; decision final

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  3. Following the start of the investigation, Chile, Costa Rica, Spain, France, Luxembourg, and Mexico referred the situatio
  4. A new preliminary investigation of the situation in Palestine was opened on 16 January 2015 and proceeded to a full inve
  5. The preliminary examination relates to registered vessels of the Comoros, Greece and Cambodia.
  6. The Prosecutor previously closed the preliminary examination of the situation on registered vessels of the Comoros, Gree
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  11. Indicted but has not yet appeared before the Court.
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  377. "Dissatisfaction with the court"
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  378. "The International Criminal Court: An Unbiased or Eurocentric Institution?"
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  379. "The ICC's problem is not overt racism, it is Eurocentricism"
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  380. Africa and the Backlash Against International Courts
  381. African Arguments
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  382. "The world's enduring dictators"
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  383. House of Commons Library
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  384. The Irish Times
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  385. The Irish Times
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  386. International Business Times
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  387. "Africans urge ICC not to try heads of state – Africa"
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  388. "ICC rules Kenya VP must attend his trial – Africa"
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  389. "Africans push UN to call off 'racist' court – Features"
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  390. "UN rejects trial deferral for Kenyan leaders"
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  391. "Kenya vows to have ICC statute amended"
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  392. "Win for Africa as Kenya agenda enters ICC Assembly"
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  393. USA Today
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  394. NPR
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  395. Dispatches
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  396. News24
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  397. Eyewitness News
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  398. Business Day
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  399. +972 Magazine
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  400. The Times of Israel
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  401. The Guardian
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  402. Deutsche Welle
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  403. www.bbc.com
    https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cm273g1jm51o
  404. Al Jazeera
    https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/11/28/is-netanyahu-immune-from-icc-arrest-warrant-as-france-claims
  405. National Post
    https://nationalpost.com/news/canada/trudeau-netanyahu-icc-arrest-warrant
  406. National Post
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  407. Eunews.it
    https://www.eunews.it/en/2025/03/31/european-leaders-support-for-netanyahu-and-the-defeat-of-international-law-from-macron-to-merz-to-orban/
  408. Deutsche Welle
    https://www.dw.com/en/auschwitz-poland-netanyahu-arrest-pledge/a-71377468
  409. Euractiv
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  410. Reuters
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  411. Al Jazeera
    https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/2/24/merz-says-netanyahu-will-be-able-to-visit-germany-despite-icc-warrant
  412. tagesschau.de
    https://www.tagesschau.de/inland/merz-einladung-netanjahu-100.html
  413. BBC News
    https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c807lm2003zo
  414. Deutsche Welle
    https://www.dw.com/en/hungary-announces-plans-to-leave-icc-as-netanyahu-visits/live-72122213
  415. The Guardian
    https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/apr/03/netanyahu-to-visit-hungary-as-orban-vows-to-defy-icc-arrest-warrant
  416. english.news.cn
    https://english.news.cn/20250520/e4364fe3599d43c2ad066644e0c3ccee/c.html
  417. Ukraine news – #Mezha
    https://mezha.net/eng/bukvy/hungary-withdraws-from-international-criminal-court-amid-netanyahu-visit/
  418. The Washington Post
    https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2025/04/03/hungary-icc-withdraw-orban-netanyahu
  419. The Philippine Star
    https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2019/03/17/1901757/philippines-becomes-second-country-quit-icc
  420. The Guardian
    https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/mar/11/rodrigo-duterte-arrest-manila-former-philippines-president-war-on-drugs-ntwnfb
  421. The Guardian
    https://www.theguardian.com/law/2025/nov/06/qatar-linked-intelligence-operation-targeted-icc-prosecutor-karim-khan-alleged-victim
  422. International Criminal Court press release about arrest warrants against Sergei Kobylash and Viktor Sokolov
    https://www.icc-cpi.int/news/situation-ukraine-icc-judges-issue-arrest-warrants-against-sergei-ivanovich-kobylash-and
  423. Situation in Ukraine: ICC judges issue arrest warrants against Sergei Kuzhugetovich Shoigu and Valery Vasilyevich Gerasimov
    https://www.icc-cpi.int/news/situation-ukraine-icc-judges-issue-arrest-warrants-against-sergei-kuzhugetovich-shoigu-and
  424. Amnesty International
    https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2024/06/russia-ukraine-icc-arrest-warrants-for-senior-russian-officials-a-crucial-step-towards-justice/
  425. VOA News
    https://www.voanews.com/a/south-africa-mulls-options-after-icc-s-putin-arrest-order-/7025238.html
  426. "There's a new dividing line for world leaders: Would you arrest Putin?"
    https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/new-dividing-line-world-leaders-arrest-putin-rcna76471
  427. Reuters
    https://www.reuters.com/world/south-africa-putin-will-not-attend-brics-summit-by-mutual-agreement-2023-07-19/
  428. Politico
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  429. BBC
    https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c0e852r50x7o
  430. Australian Broadcasting Corporation
    https://www.abc.net.au/listen/programs/radionational-breakfast/putin-evades-arrest-in-mongolia/104305828
  431. The Times
    https://www.thetimes.com/world/russia-ukraine-war/article/vladimir-putin-icc-arrest-warrant-mongolia-gsnsdq3nb
  432. Politico
    https://www.politico.eu/article/mongolia-failure-arrest-vladimir-putin-international-warrant-international-criminal-court/
  433. US Department of State Archive
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  434. ""Hague Invasion Act": Bush Signs a New Law Designed to Intimidate Countries That Ratify the Treaty for the International Criminal Court"
    https://www.democracynow.org/2002/8/6/hague_invasion_act_bush_signs_a
  435. The Christian Science Monitor
    https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Europe/2009/0213/p05s01-woeu.html
  436. The New York Times
    https://web.archive.org/web/20180911114612/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/10/us/politics/trump-plo-bolton-international-criminal-court.html?action=click&module=Top%20Stories&pgtype=Homepage
  437. "America the Unaccountable"
    https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2020/08/20/icc-justice-america-unaccountable/
  438. "US Threatens International Criminal Court"
    https://www.hrw.org/news/2019/03/15/us-threatens-international-criminal-court
  439. Toronto Star
    https://www.thestar.com/news/world/2017/11/20/icc-prosecutor-requests-investigation-into-us-military-cia-for-alleged-war-crimes-in-afghanistan.html
  440. scholarship.law.duke.edu
    https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/lcp/vol64/iss1/
  441. The Guardian
    https://www.theguardian.com/law/2020/mar/05/senior-icc-judges-authorise-afghanistan-war-crimes-inquiry
  442. CNN
    https://www.cnn.com/2020/06/11/politics/icc-executive-order/index.html
  443. "US Sets Sanctions Against International Criminal Court"
    https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/06/11/us-sets-sanctions-against-international-criminal-court
  444. The Hindu
    https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/international-criminal-court-the-transnational-arm-of-law/article32532312.ece
  445. The Guardian
    https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/jun/11/trump-icc-us-war-crimes-investigation-sanctions
  446. The Guardian
    https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/oct/01/human-rights-lawyers-sue-trump-administration-for-silencing-them
  447. "US Judge Blocks Trump Sanctions Targeting Human Rights Lawyers, War Crimes Tribunal"
    https://www.voanews.com/a/usa_us-judge-blocks-trump-sanctions-targeting-human-rights-lawyers-war-crimes-tribunal/6200322.html
  448. BBC News
    https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-56620915
  449. i24NEWS
    https://www.i24news.tv/en/news/israel/diplomacy/artc-israel-u-s-seek-to-prevent-icc-arrest-warrant-against-netanyahu-report-2
  450. Scottish Legal News
    https://www.scottishlegal.com/articles/us-and-israel-criticised-for-threatening-international-criminal-court
  451. NBC News
    https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/biden-us-israel-attack-icc-arrest-warrants-netanyahu-hamas-rcna153211
  452. Reuters
    https://www.reuters.com/world/us/blinken-says-hell-work-with-us-congress-respond-icc-move-gaza-2024-05-21/
  453. Foreign Policy
    https://foreignpolicy.com/2024/09/18/biden-israel-icc-icj-gaza-netanyahu-international-law/
  454. CNN
    https://edition.cnn.com/2024/06/04/politics/house-vote-icc-sanctions/index.html
  455. Reuters
    https://www.reuters.com/world/us-house-votes-sanction-international-criminal-court-over-israel-2025-01-09/
  456. Committee on Foreign Affairs
    https://web.archive.org/web/20250110235201/https://foreignaffairs.house.gov/press-release/house-passes-chairman-masts-bill-to-sanction-international-criminal-court-for-targeting-israel/
  457. The Guardian
    https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/feb/06/trump-sanction-icc
  458. The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/2025/02/06/us/politics/trump-icc-sanctions.html
  459. LBCIV7
    https://www.lbcgroup.tv/news/world-news/836216/trump-imposes-sanctions-on-international-criminal-court/en
  460. United States Department of State
    https://www.state.gov/imposing-sanctions-in-response-to-the-iccs-illegitimate-actions-targeting-the-united-states-and-israel/
  461. "Frequently Asked Questions About the U.S. Government's Policy Regarding the International Criminal Court (ICC)"
    https://2001-2009.state.gov/t/pm/rls/fs/23428.htm
  462. "U.S.: 'Hague Invasion Act' Becomes Law"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20150118203654/http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2002/08/03/us-hague-invasion-act-becomes-law
  463. The Guardian
    https://www.theguardian.com/Archive/Article/0,4273,4456801,00.html
  464. Monocle
    https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1753-2434
  465. Foreign Affairs
    https://doi.org/10.2307%2F20050228
  466. "International Criminal Court: US threatens sanctions"
    https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-45474864
  467. Middle East Eye
    https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/david-cameron-threatened-withdraw-uk-icc-over-israel-war-crimes-probe
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