Indian Super League
Updated: 12/11/2025, 2:52:16 PM Wikipedia source
The Indian Super League (ISL) is a professional association football league in India and the highest level of the Indian football league system. Administered by the All India Football Federation (AIFF) the league is currently contested by 14 teams. It operates on a system of promotion and relegation with the I-League from the 2025–26 season. The season usually runs from September to April and includes a 26-round regular season followed by the ISL Cup playoffs involving the top six teams, culminating with the ISL Cup final. The bottom team are relegated from the top tier. The winners of the ISL Cup final are considered the ISL Cup Winners, while the League Winners' Shield is awarded to the ISL champions (the team finishing first in the league table). ISL clubs qualify for the Asian continental club competitions; League Shield winners qualify directly for the subsequent season's AFC Champions League Two group stage. The competition was founded on 21 October 2013 to grow the sport of football in India and increase its exposure in the country. Play began in October 2014 with eight teams. During its first three seasons, the competition operated without official recognition from the Asian Football Confederation (AFC), the governing body for the sport in Asia. It was structured along the same lines as the Indian Premier League, the country's premier Twenty20 franchise-based cricket competition. Each season lasted just three months, from October to December, and matches were held daily. However, before the 2017–18 season, the league expanded to ten teams with Jamshedpur FC and Bengaluru FC joining in, expanded its schedule to six months, and earned recognition from the AFC. Mohun Bagan and East Bengal joined the league in 2020–21 season. With ATK disbanding, the 2020–21 season had 11 clubs competing. The ISL attained the sole top-tier league status from the 2022–23 season, with the I-League demoted to the second tier. The 2023–24 season saw a promoted team from the I-League participating in the ISL for the first time ever. Punjab FC, as the 2022–23 I-League champions, became the 12th team in the league. In subsequent years, Mohammedan SC and Inter Kashi joined the league as the 13th and 14th clubs respectively as champions of the I-League. Since the league's inaugural season, six clubs have won the ISL Cup title: ATK (3), Chennaiyin (2), Mumbai City (2), Mohun Bagan (2), Bengaluru FC (1) and Hyderabad FC (1). Since the introduction of the League Winners' Shield in the 2019–20 season, Mumbai City and Mohun Bagan have won it twice, while FC Goa and Jamshedpur FC have won it once each. In the 2024–25 season, Mohun Bagan became the first team to successfully defend the League Shield. Mohun Bagan also became the first team to earn 50 points or more in the League, setting a record with 56 points in the 2024–25 League season.
Infobox
Tables
| Season | Cup Winners | |
| 2014 | Atlético de Kolkata | |
| 2015 | Chennaiyin | |
| 2016 | Atlético de Kolkata (2) | |
| 2017–18 | Chennaiyin (2) | |
| 2018–19 | Bengaluru | |
| Season | Shield Winners | Cup Winners |
| 2019–20 | Goa | ATK (3) |
| 2020–21 | Mumbai City | Mumbai City |
| 2021–22 | Jamshedpur | Hyderabad |
| 2022–23 | Mumbai City (2) | Mohun Bagan |
| 2023–24 | Mohun Bagan | Mumbai City (2) |
| 2024–25 | Mohun Bagan (2) | Mohun Bagan (2) |
| Rank | Stadium | City | Capacity | No. | Year |
| 1 | Fatorda Stadium | Margao | 19,000 | 5 | 2015, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023 |
| 2 | Vivekananda Yuba Bharati Krirangan | Kolkata | 68,000 | 2 | 2024, 2025 |
| 3 | DY Patil Stadium | Mumbai | 55,000 | 1 | 2014 |
| Jawaharlal Nehru International Stadium | Kochi | 65,000 (reduced to 39,000 for ISL matches) | 1 | 2016 | |
| Sree Kanteerava Stadium | Bangalore | 25,800 | 1 | 2018 | |
| Mumbai Football Arena | Mumbai | 18,000 (reduced to 7,000) | 1 | 2019 |
| Rank2024 | Rank2022 | Change | Region | Association | 2019 | 2021 | 2022 | 2024 | Total | Places in AFC Champions League Elite (GS+PO) | Places in AFC Champions League Two (GS+PO) | Places in AFC Challenge League (GS+PO) | |||
| GS | PO | GS | PO | GS | PO | ||||||||||
| 15 | 15 | — | 8 (E) | Hong Kong | 3.650 | 16.500 | 6.587 | 4.900 | 26.888 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| 16 | 18 | +2 | 8 (W) | Bahrain | 2.500 | 5.510 | 5.215 | 7.020 | 23.368 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| 17 | 17 | — | 9 (W) | India | 3.217 | 6.865 | 4.797 | 3.453 | 22.806 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| 18 | 16 | -2 | 10 (W) | Tajikistan | 3.000 | 13.955 | 2.493 | 2.230 | 22.493 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| 19 | 20 | +1 | 11 (W) | Turkmenistan | 5.267 | 3.125 | 2.640 | 3.463 | 20.217 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Pyramid (P) | Tier (T) | No of Teams (2026) |
| National level P-1 | Indian Super League (T-1) | 14 teams |
| I-League (T-2) | 14 teams | |
| I-League 2 (T-3) | 12 teams | |
| Zonal Level P-2 | I-League 3 (T-4) | 5 Zonal champions |
| Zonal Leagues. (T-5) | 60 – teams (12 teams in 5 zones) | |
| Zonal League Qualifier (T-6) | Various SFA champions | |
| State level P-3 | State football leagues First Division Leagues (T-7) | Minimum 10 teams |
| Second Division Leagues (T-8) | Minimum 10 teams | |
| State League Qualifier (T-9) | Various Districts champions | |
| Districts level P-4 | Districts Division Leagues (T-10) | Various teams |
| Club | City | Position in 2024–25 | First season | Seasons in ISL | Championships | ISL Cups | Recent championship | Recent ISL Cup |
| Bengaluru | Bengaluru, Karnataka | 3rd | 2017–18 | 8 | 0 | 1 | – | 2018–19 |
| Chennaiyin | Chennai, Tamil Nadu | 11th | 2014 | 11 | 0 | 2 | – | 2017–18 |
| Delhi | New Delhi, Delhi | 12th | 2019–20 | 6 | 0 | 1 | – | 2021–22 |
| East Bengal | Kolkata, West Bengal | 9th | 2020–21 | 5 | 0 | 0 | – | – |
| Goa | Margao, Goa | 2nd | 2014 | 11 | 1 | 0 | 2019–20 | – |
| Inter Kashi | Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh | 1st (I-League) | 2025–26 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – |
| Jamshedpur | Jamshedpur, Jharkhand | 5th | 2017–18 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 2021–22 | – |
| Kerala Blasters | Kochi, Kerala | 8th | 2014 | 11 | 0 | 0 | – | – |
| Mohammedan | Kolkata, West Bengal | 13th | 2024–25 | 1 | 0 | 0 | – | – |
| Mohun Bagan | 1st | 2020–21 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 2024–25 | 2024–25 | |
| Mumbai City | Mumbai, Maharashtra | 6th | 2014 | 11 | 2 | 2 | 2022–23 | 2023–24 |
| NorthEast United | Guwahati, Assam | 4th | 2014 | 11 | 0 | 0 | – | – |
| Odisha | Bhubaneswar, Odisha | 7th | 2014 | 11 | 0 | 0 | – | – |
| Punjab | Mohali, Punjab | 10th | 2023–24 | 2 | 0 | 0 | – | – |
| Club | Successor | City | First season | Last season | Seasons in ISL | ISL Cups | Recent ISL Cup |
| Pune | Delhi | Pune, Maharashtra | 2014 | 2018–19 | 5 | 0 | – |
| ATK | Mohun Bagan | Kolkata, West Bengal | 2014 | 2019–20 | 6 | 3 | 2019–20 |
| Season | Regular season | Playoffs | Top goalscorer(s) | Goals | ||
| League Champions | ISL Cup Winners | Score | Runners–up | |||
| 2014 | Did not exist | ATK | 1–0 | Kerala Blasters | Elano (Chennaiyin) | 8 |
| 2015 | Chennaiyin | 3–2 | Goa | Stiven Mendoza (Chennaiyin) | 13 | |
| 2016 | ATK (2) | 1–1 (a.e.t)(4–3 p) | Kerala Blasters | Marcelinho (Odisha) | 10 | |
| 2017–18 | Chennaiyin (2) | 3–2 | Bengaluru | Coro (Goa) | 18 | |
| 2018–19 | Bengaluru | 1–0 | Goa | 16 | ||
| 2019–20 | Goa | ATK (3) | 3–1 | Chennaiyin | Bartholomew Ogbeche (Kerala Blasters) Nerijus Valskis (Chennaiyin) Roy Krishna (ATK) | 15 |
| 2020–21 | Mumbai City | Mumbai City | 2–1 | Mohun Bagan | Igor Angulo (Goa) Roy Krishna (Mohun Bagan) | 14 |
| 2021–22 | Jamshedpur | Hyderabad | 1–1 (a.e.t)(3–1 p) | Kerala Blasters | Bartholomew Ogbeche (Hyderabad) | 18 |
| 2022–23 | Mumbai City (2) | Mohun Bagan | 2–2 (a.e.t)(4–3 p) | Bengaluru | Cleiton Silva (East Bengal) Diego Mauricio (Odisha) Dimitri Petratos (Mohun Bagan) | 12 |
| 2023–24 | Mohun Bagan | Mumbai City (2) | 3–1 | Mohun Bagan | Dimitrios Diamantakos (Kerala Blasters) Roy Krishna (Odisha) | 13 |
| 2024–25 | Mohun Bagan (2) | Mohun Bagan (2) | 2–1 (a.e.t) | Bengaluru | Alaaeddine Ajaraie (NorthEast United) | 23 |
| Club | Total Titles | League Champions | Season(s) won | ISL Cup Winners | Year(s) won |
| Mohun Bagan | 4 | 2 | 2023–24, 2024–25 | 2 | 2023, 2025 |
| Mumbai City | 4 | 2 | 2020–21, 2022–23 | 2 | 2021, 2024 |
| ATK ^ | 3 | — | — | 3 | 2014, 2016, 2020 |
| Chennaiyin | 2 | — | — | 2 | 2015, 2018 |
| Goa | 1 | 1 | 2019–20 | — | — |
| Jamshedpur | 1 | 1 | 2021–22 | — | — |
| Delhi | 1 | — | — | 1 | 2022 |
| Bengaluru | 1 | — | — | 1 | 2019 |
| Period | Television | Digital |
| 2014–2024 | Star Sports, Asianet Plus, Star Jalsha Movies, North East Live, Asianet Movies, Sports18, VH1, Surya Movies, News18 Kerala, DD Bangla, Colors Bangla Cinema | Disney+ Hotstar, JioCinema, JioTV |
| 2024–present | Star Sports, Asianet Plus | JioHotstar |
| Territory | Channels and Online streaming |
| India | Star Sports, Asianet Plus (Television) |
| JioHotstar (Digital) | |
| Brazil, Italy, Germany, Argentina, Spain, Mexico, Colombia, France, Chile, United Kingdom, Ecuador, Peru, United States, Portugal, Indonesia, Austria, Netherlands, Switzerland, Venezuela, Algeria, Bolivia, Guatemala, Belgium, Uruguay, Egypt, El Salvador, Honduras, Morocco, Costa Rica, Russian Federation, South Africa, Canada, Panama, Poland, Paraguay, Malaysia, Ireland, Greece, Australia, Turkey, Tunisia, Singapore, Cuba, Sweden, United Arab Emirates, Nicaragua, Jamaica, Denmark, Kenya, Nigeria, Romania, Senegal, Myanmar, Ukraine, Norway, Republic of Korea, Croatia, Dominican Republic, Luxembourg, Lebanon, Ghana, Saudi Arabia, Czech Republic, Guadeloupe, Finland, New Zealand, Islamic Republic of Iran, Bulgaria, Côte d'Ivoire, Hungary, Israel, Iraq, Trinidad and Tobago, Mauritius, Angola, Malta, Albania, Reunion, Serbia, Slovenia, Hong Kong, Thailand, Kazakhstan, Ethiopia, China, Uganda, Qatar, Belarus, Mozambique, Viet Nam, Japan, Armenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Cameroon, Gabon, Cyprus, Togo, Georgia, Mali, Estonia, Macedonia, Barbados, Slovakia, Azerbaijan, Somalia, Martinique, Republic of Moldova, Jordan, Lithuania, Uzbekistan, Tanzania, Zambia, Democratic Republic of The Congo, Zimbabwe, Namibia, Oman, Cambodia, Suriname, Latvia, Iceland, Philippines, Kuwait, Andorra, Monaco, Benin, Burkina Faso, Kyrgyzstan, Bahrain, Cape Verde, French Guiana, Puerto Rico, Equatorial Guinea, Saint Lucia, Congo, Brunei Darussalam, Sierra Leone, Guinea, Gambia, Guyana, Haiti, Botswana, Mauritania, Syrian Arab Republic, Libya, Madagascar, San Marino, Taiwan, Anguilla, Curaçao, Sudan, Mayotte, Antigua and Barbuda, Aruba, Belize, Liechtenstein, Niger, Montenegro, Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, Seychelles, French Polynesia, Swaziland, Malawi, Mongolia, Rwanda, Gibraltar, Liberia, Tajikistan, Djibouti, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Grenada, São Tomé and Príncipe, Guinea-Bissau, Bermuda, South Sudan, Comoros, Bahamas, Dominica, Cayman Islands, Palestinian Territory, Yemen, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Faroe Islands, Macao, Chad, Burundi, Isle of Man, Papua New Guinea, Lesotho, Timor-Leste, Central African Republic, Greenland, Saint Martin, Turks and Caicos Islands, British Virgin Islands, Guernsey, Falkland Islands (Malvinas), Jersey, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, Åland Islands, Bonaire Sint Eustatius and Saba, Eritrea, Sint Maarten, US Virgin Islands, Saint Helena, Holy See (Vatican City), Federated States of Micronesia, Guam, Montserrat | OneFootball (Digital) |
| Bengaluru FC | Chennaiyin FC | East Bengal FC,Mohun Bagan SG | FC Goa |
| Sree Kanteerava Stadium, Bengaluru | Marina Arena, Chennai | Vivekananda Yuba Bharati Krirangan, Kolkata | Fatorda Stadium, Margao |
| Capacity: 25,800 | Capacity: 30,000 | Capacity: 68,000 | Capacity: 30,000 |
| | | | |
| SC Delhi | Jamshedpur FC | Kerala Blasters FC | Mohammedan SC |
| Ambedkar Stadium, New Delhi | JRD Tata Sports Complex, Jamshedpur | Kaloor Stadium, Kochi | Kishore Bharati Krirangan, Kolkata |
| Capacity: 35,000 | Capacity: 24,424 | Capacity: 41,000 | Capacity: 12,000 |
| | | | |
| Mumbai City FC | NorthEast United FC,Inter Kashi FC | Odisha FC | Punjab FC |
| Mumbai Football Arena, Mumbai | IG Athletic Stadium, Guwahati | Kalinga Stadium, Bhubaneswar | Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium, Delhi |
| Capacity: 7,000 | Capacity: 25,000 | Capacity: 12,000 | Capacity: 60,000 |
| | | | |
| Nat | Head coach | Club | Appointed | Time as head coach |
| | Gerard Zaragoza | Bengaluru | 14 December 2023 | 1 year, 362 days |
| | Owen Coyle | Chennaiyin | 16 July 2023 | 2 years, 148 days |
| | Antonio López Habas | Inter Kashi | 25 June 2024 | 1 year, 169 days |
| Oscar Bruzon | East Bengal | 8 October 2024 | 1 year, 64 days | |
| Manolo Márquez | Goa | 2 June 2023 | 2 years, 192 days | |
| | Shameel Chembakath | Hyderabad | 18 December 2024 | 358 days |
| | Khalid Jamil | Jamshedpur | 31 December 2023 | 1 year, 345 days |
| | David Català | Kerala Blasters | 25 March 2025 | 261 days |
| | Mehrajuddin Wadoo | Mohammedan | 13 February 2025 | 301 days |
| | José Francisco Molina | Mohun Bagan SG | 11 June 2024 | 1 year, 183 days |
| | Petr Kratky | Mumbai City | 9 December 2023 | 2 years, 2 days |
| | Juan Pedro Benali | NorthEast United | 22 May 2023 | 2 years, 203 days |
| Sergio Lobera | Odisha | 17 May 2023 | 2 years, 208 days | |
| | Panagiotis Dilberis | Punjab | 29 June 2024 | 113 days |
| Rank | Player | Apps | Years |
| 1 | Amrinder Singh | 186 | 2015– |
| 2 | Pritam Kotal | 183 | 2014– |
| 3 | Sunil Chhetri | 180 | 2015– |
| 4 | Rahul Bheke | 173 | 2014– |
| 5 | Lenny Rodrigues | 170 | 2014– |
| 6 | Lallianzuala Chhangte | 168 | 2016– |
| 7 | Mandar Rao Dessai | 167 | 2014– |
| 8 | Subhasish Bose | 164 | 2017– |
| 9 | Gurpreet Singh Sandhu | 161 | 2017– |
| 10 | Sandesh Jhingan | 157 | 2014– |
| Rank | Player | Goals | Apps | Ratio | Years |
| 1 | Sunil Chhetri | 74 | 180 | 0.41 | 2015– |
| 2 | Bartholomew Ogbeche | 63 | 98 | 0.64 | 2018–2023 |
| 3 | Roy Krishna | 58 | 116 | 0.5 | 2019– |
| 4 | Coro | 48 | 57 | 0.84 | 2017–2020 |
| 5 | Diego Maurício | 47 | 93 | 0.51 | 2020– |
| 6 | Lallianzuala Chhangte | 42 | 168 | 0.27 | 2016– |
| 7 | Cleiton Silva | 36 | 96 | 0.38 | 2020– |
| 8 | Hugo Boumous | 35 | 124 | 0.28 | 2018– |
| 9 | Marcelinho | 34 | 87 | 0.39 | 2016–2022 |
| 10 | Jorge Pereyra Díaz | 31 | 73 | 0.42 | 2021– |
| Preceded byI-League (from 2022) | Division 1 Football League in India 2019–present | Succeeded byIncumbent |
| Rank | Prize Money | ||
| 1 | Champions | ₹3.5cr | |
| 2 | Cup Winners | ₹6cr | |
| 3 | Cup RU | ₹3cr | |
| 4 | Cup Semi Finalists | cr (each) | |
References
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- The Times of Indiahttps://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/indian-super-league/top-stories/isl-likely-to-scrap-asian-player-rule-increase-salary-cap/articleshow/110260536.cms
- Indian Super Leaguehttps://www.indiansuperleague.com/press-releases/indian-super-league-announces-tentative-venues-for-the-2023-24-final
- "FSDL reallocates Hero ISL prize money; league winners stand to gain windfall of INR 9.5 crore"https://www.indiansuperleague.com/press-releases/fsdl-reallocates-hero-isl-prize-money-league-winners-stand-to-gain-windfall-of-inr-95-cr
- the-AFChttps://www.the-afc.com/en/more/afc_competitions/news/afc_competitions_committee_recommends_strategic_reforms_to_elevate_asian_club_football.html
- Khel Nowhttps://khelnow.com/football/why-india-is-set-to-lose-sole-spot-in-afc-champions-league
- Goal.comhttps://www.goal.com/en/news/indian-football-isl-gets-recognition-from-afc-and-fifa/gdvxrob0spvu1tei948rtj295
- Deccan Chroniclehttps://www.deccanchronicle.com/sports/cricket/260717/isl-teams-eligible-for-afc-cup-i-league-winners-get-champions-leagueplay-off-spot.html
- News 18https://www.news18.com/news/sports/afc-cup-qualifier-bengaluru-fc-to-meet-transport-united-fc-1590603.html
- India Todayhttps://www.indiatoday.in/sports/football/story/isl-champions-chennaiyin-fc-colombo-fc-afc-cup-debut-qualifying-round-1470884-2019-03-05
- The Hinduhttps://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/afc-executive-committee-isl-top-league-i-league-indian-football/article29807101.ece
- Scroll.inhttps://scroll.in/field/947177/indian-football-isl-league-winner-set-to-gain-direct-entry-in-afc-champions-league
- ESPN Indiahttps://www.espn.in/football/indian-super-league/story/4057962/who-will-win-the-remaining-afc-cup-slots-from-isl-and-i-league
- FootyRankingshttps://footyrankings.com/crank2024/
- The Times of Indiahttps://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/chennaiyin-to-face-aizawl-in-super-cup-on-march-31/articleshow/63273453.cms
- Hindustan Timeshttps://www.hindustantimes.com/football/i-league-indian-super-league-india-s-dual-league-conundrum/story-Vj5GlhZHB6ZIsoDQaT4f9L.html
- Goal.comhttps://www.goal.com/en-us/news/isl-i-league-super-cup-2019-india-schedule-fixtures/112vckyyq9u5z1uj3edc1gjuti
- myKhelhttps://www.mykhel.com/amphtml/football/durand-cup-2019-full-schedule-teams-ist-timings-tv-guide-fixtures-details-tv-timings-124326.html?amp_js_v=a6&_gsa=1&usqp=mq331AQKKAFQArABIIACAw==#aoh=16477670999198&_tf=From%20%251$s&share=https://www.mykhel.com/football/durand-cup-2019-full-schedule-teams-ist-timings-tv-guide-fixtures-details-tv-timings-124326.html
- The Times of Indiahttps://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/uncertain-future-for-super-cup/articleshow/72864494.cms
- Sportstarhttps://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/durand-cup-2021-final-mohammedan-sporting-vs-fc-goa-live-indian-football-live-updates/article36803404.ece
- "আইএসএলের সব দলকে খেলতেই হবে ডুরান্ড কাপে, নয়া সিদ্ধান্তের পথে FSDL"https://www.sangbadpratidin.in/sports/football/isl-franchises-have-to-play-in-durand-cup-from-next-season/
- Football Counterhttps://www.footballcounter.com/2021/isl-to-propose-a-new-league-for-reserve-and-u-21-players/
- The Times of Indiahttps://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/isl-proposes-new-league-for-reserve-u-21-players/articleshow/83967398.cms
- Goal.comhttps://www.goal.com/en/news/indian-football-isl-2020-21-covid-19-training-protocols/12tggep54ckps1s4ha239ipnaa
- FIFAhttps://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/articles/vision-2047-a-strategic-roadmap-to-catapult-indian-football
- "AIFF vision 2047 and strategic plan for 2026"https://www.the-aiff.com/media/uploads/2023/01/Vision-2047-January.pdf
- Hindustan Timeshttps://www.hindustantimes.com/football/why-the-i-league-will-miss-bengaluru-fc-this-season/story-h3kqfxmwj9YvZdAEZUwCTK.html
- ESPNhttps://www.espn.com/soccer/india/story/3929618/hyderabad-fc-to-replace-pune-city-in-isl
- Hindustan Timeshttps://www.hindustantimes.com/football/isl-franchise-delhi-dynamos-confirms-move-to-odisha/story-u487tkisIdSyg1QFF8mqFP.html
- Managing Sport and Leisurehttps://doi.org/10.1080%2F23750472.2022.2055625
- The Indian Expresshttps://indianexpress.com/article/sports/football/east-bengal-isl-upcoming-2020-21-season-entry-6617760/
- sportstar.thehindu.comhttps://web.archive.org/web/20230304174447/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/roundglass-punjab-gains-isl-promotion-clinches-i-league-title/article66581077.ece
- sportstar.thehindu.comhttps://web.archive.org/web/20240407072051/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/mohammedan-sc-wins-i-league-title-isl-promotion-joins-east-bengal-mohun-bagan-legacy-club/article68037061.ece
- Deccan Chroniclehttps://www.deccanchronicle.com/sports/football/140321/mumbai-city-fc-reign-in-double-glory-crowned-isl-champion.html
- The New York Timeshttps://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/28/sports/soccer/new-indian-soccer-league-tries-glamour-approach.html
- IMGhttps://web.archive.org/web/20150514060456/http://img.com/news/news/2014/april/indian-super-league-announces-new-franchise-owners.aspx
- The Times of Indiahttp://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/indian-super-league/top-stories/Now-Sun-Group-opts-out-of-Indian-Super-League/articleshow/40163965.cms
- The Times of Indiahttp://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/indian-super-league/top-stories/Abhishek-Bachchan-unveiled-as-ISLs-Chennai-franchise-owner/articleshow/41109866.cms
- New Indian Expresshttps://web.archive.org/web/20160707104259/http://www.newindianexpress.com/sport/Kerala-Blasters-new-owners-try-to-strike-a-chord/2016/06/02/article3462838.ece1
- The Times of Indiahttp://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/indian-super-league/top-stories/Hero-named-title-sponsor-of-Indian-Super-League/articleshow/38616386.cms
- The Hinduhttp://www.thehindu.com/sport/football/puma-to-provide-indian-super-league-match-balls/article6462256.ece
- "fifa pro certified nivia Ashtang is the official football for hero Indian super league"https://www.mumbailive.com/en/football/fifa-pro-certified-nivia-ashtang-is-the-official-football-for-hero-indian-super-league-27316
- Indian Super Leaguehttps://www.indiansuperleague.com/videos/isl-2024-25-official-match-ball-by-nivia-sports
- FirstPosthttp://www.firstpost.com/sports/isl-season-preview-central-sponsorship-doubles-to-rs-100-cr-as-2015-promises-better-football-bigger-battles-2453216.html
- The Hindu Businesslinehttp://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/sports/more-brands-back-isl-in-season-3/article9184945.ece
- Exchange4Mediahttp://www.exchange4media.com/advertising/indian-super-league-2016-ropes-in-10-sponsors;-teams-get-deal-renewals_66234.html
- Economic Times India Timeshttp://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/sports/hero-motocorp-renews-isl-sponsorship-deal-for-3-years-for-25-million/articleshow/59725900.cms
- Indian Televisionhttp://www.indiantelevision.com/television/tv-channels/sports/img-reliance-invites-bids-for-indian-super-league-football-teams-140303
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- FirstPosthttp://www.firstpost.com/sports/opening-week-170-million-indian-tv-viewers-tuned-isl-1771385.html
- Economic Timeshttps://web.archive.org/web/20150221185740/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-12-31/news/57558204_1_atletico-de-kolkata-indian-super-league-hero-isl
- Goal.comhttp://www.goal.com/en-india/news/7083/isl/2017/01/03/31100632/indian-super-league-almost-one-sixth-of-indias-population
- FirstPosthttps://www.firstpost.com/sports/isl-2017-18-when-and-where-to-watch-coverage-on-tv-and-live-streaming-4214643.html
- Hindustan Timeshttps://www.hindustantimes.com/football/isl-2019-20-viewership-records-a-51-per-cent-growth/story-tV2eG7nuKKpLLcpHOey6fM.html
- The Bridge - Home of Indian Sportshttps://thebridge.in/football/isl-2020-21-shows-pan-india-growth-last-seasons-viewership/
- Goal.com UKhttps://www.goal.com/en-gb/news/what-to-know-about-isl-indias-top-tier-football-league/blt0a58aca3e75416c2
- technosports.co.inhttps://technosports.co.in/ranking-most-popular-isl-clubs-tv-ratings/
- Indian Super Leaguehttps://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/hero-isl-emerges-as-the-second-most-searched-sports-league-in-india-according-to-google
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- FirstPosthttp://www.firstpost.com/sports/isl-2016-mumbai-city-fc-to-shift-base-from-dy-patil-stadium-to-andheri-sports-complex-2978414.html
- Goal.comhttp://www.goal.com/en-india/news/7083/isl/2016/08/21/26731552/indian-super-league-atletico-de-kolkata-get-a-new-home
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- Indian Super Leaguehttps://www.indiansuperleague.com/press-releases/hero-isls-new-regulation-gives-push-to-more-indian-players-on-field#:~:text=A%20club%20can%20have%20a,crore%20for%20season%202021%2D22.
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- The Times of Indiahttps://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/isl-threatens-clubs-with-points-deduction-for-flouting-salary-cap/articleshow/87573365.cms
- The Times of Indiahttp://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/indian-super-league/top-stories/Hero-Indian-Super-League-trophy-unveiled/articleshow/44422352.cms
- Indian Super Leaguehttps://www.indiansuperleague.com/press-releases/fsdl-unveils-hero-isl-league-winners-shield
- Scroll.inhttps://scroll.in/field/956188/isl-2020-final-atk-vs-chennaiyin-live-habas-and-coyles-teams-fight-for-the-crown
- Indian Super Leaguehttps://www.indiansuperleague.com/press-releases/premier-league-and-hero-isl-demonstrate-commitment-to-development-of-football-in-india-with-renewed-mutual-cooperation-agreement
- Premier Leaguehttp://www.premierleague.com/news/1627947
- The Bridgehttps://thebridge.in/isl/indian-super-league-partners-with-terra-virtua-25308
- Indian Super Leaguehttps://www.indiansuperleague.com/2021/press-releases/fsdl-reiterates-youth-appeal-with-revolutionary-esports-platform-eisl