Indian Army ranks and insignia
Updated: 12/11/2025, 8:40:37 AM Wikipedia source
The Indian Army (IA), the land component of the Indian Armed Forces, follows a certain hierarchy of rank designations and insignia derived from the erstwhile British Indian Army (BIA).
Tables
Equivalent ranks of Indian military · Structure
Commissioned
Commissioned
Commission
Commissioned
Indian Navy
Admiral of the fleet
Indian Army
Field marshal
Indian Air Force
Marshal of the Indian Air Force
Admiral
Admiral
Commission
Admiral
Indian Navy
General
Indian Army
Air chief marshal
Vice admiral
Vice admiral
Commission
Vice admiral
Indian Navy
Lieutenant general
Indian Army
Air marshal
Rear admiral
Rear admiral
Commission
Rear admiral
Indian Navy
Major general
Indian Army
Air vice marshal
Commodore
Commodore
Commission
Commodore
Indian Navy
Brigadier
Indian Army
Air commodore
Captain
Captain
Commission
Captain
Indian Navy
Colonel
Indian Army
Group captain
Commander
Commander
Commission
Commander
Indian Navy
Lieutenant colonel
Indian Army
Wing commander
Lieutenant commander
Lieutenant commander
Commission
Lieutenant commander
Indian Navy
Major
Indian Army
Squadron leader
Lieutenant
Lieutenant
Commission
Lieutenant
Indian Navy
Captain
Indian Army
Flight lieutenant
Sub lieutenant
Sub lieutenant
Commission
Sub lieutenant
Indian Navy
Lieutenant
Indian Army
Flying officer
Junior commissioned
Junior commissioned
Commission
Junior commissioned
Indian Navy
Master chief petty officer 1st class
Indian Army
Subedar major
Indian Air Force
Master warrant officer
Master chief petty officer 2nd class
Master chief petty officer 2nd class
Commission
Master chief petty officer 2nd class
Indian Navy
Subedar
Indian Army
Warrant officer
Chief petty officer
Chief petty officer
Commission
Chief petty officer
Indian Navy
Naib subedar
Indian Army
Junior warrant officer
Non-commissioned
Non-commissioned
Commission
Non-commissioned
Indian Navy
Petty officer
Indian Army
Havildar/Daffadar
Indian Air Force
Sergeant
Leading seaman
Leading seaman
Commission
Leading seaman
Indian Navy
Naik/Lance daffadar
Indian Army
Corporal
Seaman 1
Seaman 1
Commission
Seaman 1
Indian Navy
Lance naik/Acting Lance-Daffadar
Indian Army
Leading aircraftsman
Seaman 2
Seaman 2
Commission
Seaman 2
Indian Navy
Sepoy/Sowar
Indian Army
Aircraftsman
mw- }.mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- Risaldar major in cavalry and armoured regiments Risaldar in cavalry and armoured regiments Naib risaldar in cavalry and armoured regiments. Called jemadar until 1965.
mw- }.mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- Risaldar major in cavalry and armoured regiments Risaldar in cavalry and armoured regiments Naib risaldar in cavalry and armoured regiments. Called jemadar until 1965.
Commission
mw- }.mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- Risaldar major in cavalry and armoured regiments Risaldar in cavalry and armoured regiments Naib risaldar in cavalry and armoured regiments. Called jemadar until 1965.
| Commission | Indian Navy | Indian Army | Indian Air Force |
| Commissioned | Admiral of the fleet | Field marshal | Marshal of the Indian Air Force |
| Admiral | General | Air chief marshal | |
| Vice admiral | Lieutenant general | Air marshal | |
| Rear admiral | Major general | Air vice marshal | |
| Commodore | Brigadier | Air commodore | |
| Captain | Colonel | Group captain | |
| Commander | Lieutenant colonel | Wing commander | |
| Lieutenant commander | Major | Squadron leader | |
| Lieutenant | Captain | Flight lieutenant | |
| Sub lieutenant | Lieutenant | Flying officer | |
| Junior commissioned | Master chief petty officer 1st class | Subedar major | Master warrant officer |
| Master chief petty officer 2nd class | Subedar | Warrant officer | |
| Chief petty officer | Naib subedar | Junior warrant officer | |
| Non-commissioned | Petty officer | Havildar/Daffadar | Sergeant |
| Leading seaman | Naik/Lance daffadar | Corporal | |
| Seaman 1 | Lance naik/Acting Lance-Daffadar | Leading aircraftsman | |
| Seaman 2 | Sepoy/Sowar | Aircraftsman | |
| mw- Risaldar major in cavalry and armoured regiments Risaldar in cavalry and armoured regiments Naib risaldar in cavalry and armoured regiments. Called jemadar until 1965. | |||
· Rank descriptions › Officers
Field marshal(FM)
Field marshal(FM)
Rank
Field marshal(FM)
Epaulette Insignia
Description
Five-star rankAwarded exclusively in recognition of exceptional service and leadership during wartime.Ceremonial, not included in the Army organizational hierarchy.
Appointments
Appointed by order of the Government of India* S. H. F. J. Manekshaw - Promoted in 1973* K. M. Cariappa - Promoted in 1986
Superannuation Age/Tenure
Recipients are considered serving officers until the date of demise.
Rank flag
Pay level
—
General(Gen)
General(Gen)
Rank
General(Gen)
Epaulette Insignia
Description
Four-star rankHighest ranking general officer in Army organizational hierarchy.
Appointments
Chief of Defence Staff (CDS)(Only if appointee is an Army flag officer)Chief of the Army Staff (COAS)
Superannuation Age/Tenure
CDS: 65 (or) 3 years of service; whichever is earlier.COAS: 62 (or) 3 years of service; whichever is earlier.
Rank flag
(COAS)
Pay level
18 (apex)
Lieutenant general(Lt Gen)
Lieutenant general(Lt Gen)
Rank
Lieutenant general(Lt Gen)
Epaulette Insignia
Description
Three-star rankSecond-highest general officer in Army organizational hierarchy.
Appointments
Chief of Integrated Defence Staff (CISC) (Only if appointee is an Army general officer)
Vice Chief of the Army Staff (VCOAS)
Deputy Chief of the Army Staff (DCOAS)
General Officer Commanding-in-Chiefs -
(GOC-in-C) of army commands e.g. Eastern Command
GOCs of Field corps
General Staff
Heads of other directorates.
Head of the Assam Rifles.
Superannuation Age/Tenure
60
Rank flag
(VCOAS)(DCOAS)
Pay level
17/15
Major general(Maj Gen)
Major general(Maj Gen)
Rank
Major general(Maj Gen)
Epaulette Insignia
Description
Two-star rankThird-highest general officer in Army organizational hierarchy.
Appointments
General Officer Commanding (GOC) of Divisions
Additional Director Generals
Commandants/Director Generals of various institutions/organizations and other appointments.
Superannuation Age/Tenure
58
Rank flag
Guidon in red, with army crest at the hoist, two stars at the fly
Pay level
14
Brigadier(Brig)
Brigadier(Brig)
Rank
Brigadier(Brig)
Epaulette Insignia
Description
One-star rank
Appointments
Brigade CommanderBrigadier General Staff (BGS)Deputy Director Generals of directoratesDiplomatic military attaché and other appointments
Superannuation Age/Tenure
56
Rank flag
Triangular pennon in red, with army crest at the hoist, one star at the fly
Pay level
13A
Colonel (Col)
Colonel (Col)
Rank
Colonel (Col)
Epaulette Insignia
Description
(-)
Appointments
Colonel General Staff (Col GS)Directors and other appointments CO of battalion / regiment / equivalent unit (Infantry, Artillery, Armored), appointment varies by corps/regiments
Superannuation Age/Tenure
54
Rank flag
(-)
Pay level
13
Lieutenant colonel(Lt Col)
Lieutenant colonel(Lt Col)
Rank
Lieutenant colonel(Lt Col)
Epaulette Insignia
Description
(-)
Appointments
Second in command of battalion / regiment / equivalent unit (Infantry, Artillery, Armored), appointment varies by corps/regiments
Superannuation Age/Tenure
NA
Rank flag
(-)
Pay level
12A
Major(Maj)
Major(Maj)
Rank
Major(Maj)
Epaulette Insignia
Description
(-)
Appointments
Company/equivalent unit commander, appointment varies by corps/regiments
Superannuation Age/Tenure
NA
Rank flag
(-)
Pay level
11
Captain(Capt)
Captain(Capt)
Rank
Captain(Capt)
Epaulette Insignia
Description
(-)
Appointments
Varies by corps/regiments
Superannuation Age/Tenure
NA
Rank flag
(-)
Pay level
10B
Lieutenant(Lt)
Lieutenant(Lt)
Rank
Lieutenant(Lt)
Epaulette Insignia
Description
(-)
Appointments
Varies by corps/regiments
Superannuation Age/Tenure
NA
Rank flag
(-)
Pay level
10
Officer Cadet (GC/LC)
Officer Cadet (GC/LC)
Rank
Officer Cadet (GC/LC)
Epaulette Insignia
NDA, IMA & OTA tag
Description
Professional training at National Defence Academy (NDA), Indian Military Academy (IMA), Officers Training Academy (OTA).
Appointments
Gentleman Cadet (GC)Lady Cadet (LC)
Superannuation Age/Tenure
1 to 5 years
Rank flag
(-)
Pay level
—
| Rank | Epaulette Insignia | Description | Appointments | Superannuation Age/Tenure | Rank flag | Pay level |
| Field marshal(FM) | | Five-star rankAwarded exclusively in recognition of exceptional service and leadership during wartime.Ceremonial, not included in the Army organizational hierarchy. | Appointed by order of the Government of India* S. H. F. J. Manekshaw - Promoted in 1973* K. M. Cariappa - Promoted in 1986 | Recipients are considered serving officers until the date of demise. | | — |
| General(Gen) | | Four-star rankHighest ranking general officer in Army organizational hierarchy. | Chief of Defence Staff (CDS)(Only if appointee is an Army flag officer)Chief of the Army Staff (COAS) | CDS: 65 (or) 3 years of service; whichever is earlier.COAS: 62 (or) 3 years of service; whichever is earlier. | (COAS) | 18 (apex) |
| Lieutenant general(Lt Gen) | | Three-star rankSecond-highest general officer in Army organizational hierarchy. | Chief of Integrated Defence Staff (CISC) (Only if appointee is an Army general officer) Vice Chief of the Army Staff (VCOAS) Deputy Chief of the Army Staff (DCOAS) General Officer Commanding-in-Chiefs - (GOC-in-C) of army commands e.g. Eastern Command GOCs of Field corps General Staff Heads of other directorates. Head of the Assam Rifles. | 60 | (VCOAS)(DCOAS) | 17/15 |
| Major general(Maj Gen) | | Two-star rankThird-highest general officer in Army organizational hierarchy. | General Officer Commanding (GOC) of Divisions Additional Director Generals Commandants/Director Generals of various institutions/organizations and other appointments. | 58 | Guidon in red, with army crest at the hoist, two stars at the fly | 14 |
| Brigadier(Brig) | | One-star rank | Brigade CommanderBrigadier General Staff (BGS)Deputy Director Generals of directoratesDiplomatic military attaché and other appointments | 56 | Triangular pennon in red, with army crest at the hoist, one star at the fly | 13A |
| Colonel (Col) | | (-) | Colonel General Staff (Col GS)Directors and other appointments CO of battalion / regiment / equivalent unit (Infantry, Artillery, Armored), appointment varies by corps/regiments | 54 | (-) | 13 |
| Lieutenant colonel(Lt Col) | | (-) | Second in command of battalion / regiment / equivalent unit (Infantry, Artillery, Armored), appointment varies by corps/regiments | NA | (-) | 12A |
| Major(Maj) | | (-) | Company/equivalent unit commander, appointment varies by corps/regiments | NA | (-) | 11 |
| Captain(Capt) | | (-) | Varies by corps/regiments | NA | (-) | 10B |
| Lieutenant(Lt) | | (-) | Varies by corps/regiments | NA | (-) | 10 |
| Officer Cadet (GC/LC) | NDA, IMA & OTA tag | Professional training at National Defence Academy (NDA), Indian Military Academy (IMA), Officers Training Academy (OTA). | Gentleman Cadet (GC)Lady Cadet (LC) | 1 to 5 years | (-) | — |
· Rank descriptions › Junior commissioned officers
Infantry and other arms
Infantry and other arms
Ranks and abbreviations
Infantry and other arms
Ranks and abbreviations
Cavalry and Armour
Subedar Major (Sub Maj)
Subedar Major (Sub Maj)
Ranks and abbreviations
Subedar Major (Sub Maj)
Ranks and abbreviations
Risaldar Major (Ris Maj)
Insignia
Description
Golden national emblem with stripe
Retirement Age
After 34 years service or at the age of 54, whichever is sooner.
Pay level
8
Subedar (Sub)
Subedar (Sub)
Ranks and abbreviations
Subedar (Sub)
Ranks and abbreviations
Risaldar (Ris)
Insignia
Description
Two golden stars with stripe
Retirement Age
After 30 years service or at the age of 52, whichever is sooner.
Pay level
7
Naib Subedar (Nb Sub)
Naib Subedar (Nb Sub)
Ranks and abbreviations
Naib Subedar (Nb Sub)
Ranks and abbreviations
Naib Risaldar (Nb Ris)
Insignia
Description
One golden star with stripe
Retirement Age
After 28 years service or at the age of 52, whichever is sooner.
Pay level
6
| Ranks and abbreviations | Insignia | Description | Retirement Age | Pay level | |
| Infantry and other arms | Cavalry and Armour | ||||
| Subedar Major (Sub Maj) | Risaldar Major (Ris Maj) | | Golden national emblem with stripe | After 34 years service or at the age of 54, whichever is sooner. | 8 |
| Subedar (Sub) | Risaldar (Ris) | | Two golden stars with stripe | After 30 years service or at the age of 52, whichever is sooner. | 7 |
| Naib Subedar (Nb Sub) | Naib Risaldar (Nb Ris) | | One golden star with stripe | After 28 years service or at the age of 52, whichever is sooner. | 6 |
· Rank descriptions › Other ranks › Non-commissioned officers
Infantry and other arms
Infantry and other arms
Ranks and abbreviations
Infantry and other arms
Ranks and abbreviations
Cavalry and armour
Havildar (Hav)
Havildar (Hav)
Ranks and abbreviations
Havildar (Hav)
Ranks and abbreviations
Daffadar (Dfr)
Insignia
Description
Three chevrons
Retirement Age
After 26 years service or at the age of 49, whichever is sooner.
Pay level
5
Naik (Nk)
Naik (Nk)
Ranks and abbreviations
Naik (Nk)
Ranks and abbreviations
Lance Daffadar (L/Dfr)
Insignia
Description
Two chevrons
Retirement Age
After 23 years service or at the age of 49, whichever is sooner.
Pay level
4
Lance Naik (L/Nk)
Lance Naik (L/Nk)
Ranks and abbreviations
Lance Naik (L/Nk)
Ranks and abbreviations
Acting Lance Daffadar (ALD)
Insignia
Description
One chevron
Retirement Age
After 19 years of service or at the age of 48, whichever is sooner.
Pay level
3
| Ranks and abbreviations | Insignia | Description | Retirement Age | Pay level | |
| Infantry and other arms | Cavalry and armour | ||||
| Havildar (Hav) | Daffadar (Dfr) | | Three chevrons | After 26 years service or at the age of 49, whichever is sooner. | 5 |
| Naik (Nk) | Lance Daffadar (L/Dfr) | | Two chevrons | After 23 years service or at the age of 49, whichever is sooner. | 4 |
| Lance Naik (L/Nk) | Acting Lance Daffadar (ALD) | | One chevron | After 19 years of service or at the age of 48, whichever is sooner. | 3 |
· Rank descriptions › Other ranks › Soldiers
Infantry and other arms
Infantry and other arms
Ranks
Infantry and other arms
Ranks
Cavalry and armour
Insignia
Pay level
Sepoy
Sepoy
Ranks
Sepoy
Ranks
Sowar
Insignia
No insignia
Retirement Age
After 15 years, 56 Days' service or at the age of 42, whichever is sooner.
Col 5
3
| Ranks | Insignia | Retirement Age | ||
| Infantry and other arms | Cavalry and armour | Pay level | ||
| Sepoy | Sowar | No insignia | After 15 years, 56 Days' service or at the age of 42, whichever is sooner. | 3 |
· Rank descriptions › Other ranks › Soldiers
Army Air Defence and Regiment of Artillery
Army Air Defence and Regiment of Artillery
Corps
Army Air Defence and Regiment of Artillery
Designation
Gunner
Abbreviation
Gnr
Rifle regiments
Rifle regiments
Corps
Rifle regiments
Designation
Rifleman
Abbreviation
Rfn
Parachute Regiment
Parachute Regiment
Corps
Parachute Regiment
Designation
Paratrooper
Abbreviation
Ptr
Grenadiers
Grenadiers
Corps
Grenadiers
Designation
Grenadier
Abbreviation
Gdr
Brigade of the Guards
Brigade of the Guards
Corps
Brigade of the Guards
Designation
Guardsman
Abbreviation
Gdsmn
Corps of Engineers
Corps of Engineers
Corps
Corps of Engineers
Designation
Sapper
Abbreviation
Spr
Corps of Electronics and Mechanical Engineers
Corps of Electronics and Mechanical Engineers
Corps
Corps of Electronics and Mechanical Engineers
Designation
Craftsman
Abbreviation
Cfn
Corps of Signals
Corps of Signals
Corps
Corps of Signals
Designation
Signalman
Abbreviation
Sigmn
| Corps | Designation | Abbreviation |
| Army Air Defence and Regiment of Artillery | Gunner | Gnr |
| Rifle regiments | Rifleman | Rfn |
| Parachute Regiment | Paratrooper | Ptr |
| Grenadiers | Grenadier | Gdr |
| Brigade of the Guards | Guardsman | Gdsmn |
| Corps of Engineers | Sapper | Spr |
| Corps of Electronics and Mechanical Engineers | Craftsman | Cfn |
| Corps of Signals | Signalman | Sigmn |
References
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- Risaldar in cavalry and armoured regiments
- Naib risaldar in cavalry and armoured regiments. Called jemadar until 1965.
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