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Illegal immigration to the United States

Updated: 11/6/2025, 2:13:12 AM Wikipedia source

Illegal immigration, or unauthorized immigration, occurs when foreign nationals, known as aliens, violate US immigration laws by entering the United States unlawfully, or by lawfully entering but then remaining after the expiration of their visas, parole or temporary protected status. Between 2007 and 2018, visa overstays have accounted for a larger share of the growth in the illegal immigrant population than illegal border crossings, which have declined considerably from 2000 to 2018. In 2022, 37% of unauthorized immigrants were from Mexico, the smallest share on record. El Salvador, India, Guatemala and Honduras were the next four largest countries. As of 2016, approximately two-thirds of unauthorised adult immigrants had lived in the US for at least a decade. As of 2022, unauthorized immigrants made up 3.3% of the US population, though nearly one-third of those immigrants have temporary permission to be in the United States, such as those in Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals. According to an August 2025 Pew Research Center report, the unauthorized immigrant population grew by 3.5 million between 2021 and 2023, reaching a record 14 million. July 2024 data for border crossings showed the lowest level of border crossing since September 2020. Opponents of illegal immigration worry about crime, as well as possible social and economic burdens caused by migration. However, studies and FBI data have consistently found that undocumented immigrants are less likely to commit crimes than native-born citizens in the United States. In Texas, for example, undocumented immigrants are arrested for violent and drug crimes at less than half the rate of native-born U.S. citizens, and a quarter the rate of native-born citizens for property crimes. Opponents also insist immigrants enter the United States through a formal process and do not want to reward those bypassing the system. Research shows that illegal immigrants increase the size of the US economy, contribute to economic growth, enhance the welfare of natives, contribute more in tax revenue than they collect, reduce American firms' incentives to offshore jobs and import foreign-produced goods, and benefit consumers by reducing the prices of goods and services. Economists estimate that legalization of the illegal immigrant population would increase the immigrants' earnings and consumption considerably, and increase US gross domestic product. Most scientific studies have shown that undocumented immigrants commit less crime than natives and legal immigrants. Sanctuary cities—which adopt policies designed to avoid prosecuting people solely for being in the country illegally—have no statistically meaningful impact on crime. Research suggests that immigration enforcement has no impact on crime rates.

Tables

Illegal immigrants to US by state of residence · Profile and demographics › Breakdown by state
All states
All states
State of residence
All states
Estimated population, January 2021
10,500,000
Percent of total
100
California
California
State of residence
California
Estimated population, January 2021
1,850,000
Percent of total
18
Texas
Texas
State of residence
Texas
Estimated population, January 2021
1,600,000
Percent of total
15
Florida
Florida
State of residence
Florida
Estimated population, January 2021
900,000
Percent of total
9
New York
New York
State of residence
New York
Estimated population, January 2021
600,000
Percent of total
6
New Jersey
New Jersey
State of residence
New Jersey
Estimated population, January 2021
450,000
Percent of total
4
Illinois
Illinois
State of residence
Illinois
Estimated population, January 2021
400,000
Percent of total
4
Georgia
Georgia
State of residence
Georgia
Estimated population, January 2021
350,000
Percent of total
3
North Carolina
North Carolina
State of residence
North Carolina
Estimated population, January 2021
325,000
Percent of total
3
Massachusetts
Massachusetts
State of residence
Massachusetts
Estimated population, January 2021
300,000
Percent of total
3
Washington
Washington
State of residence
Washington
Estimated population, January 2021
300,000
Percent of total
3
Other states
Other states
State of residence
Other states
Estimated population, January 2021
3,425,000
Percent of total
33
State of residence
Estimated population, January 2021
Percent of total
All states
10,500,000
100
California
1,850,000
18
Texas
1,600,000
15
Florida
900,000
9
New York
600,000
6
New Jersey
450,000
4
Illinois
400,000
4
Georgia
350,000
3
North Carolina
325,000
3
Massachusetts
300,000
3
Washington
300,000
3
Other states
3,425,000
33
Illegal immigrants to US by country of origin · Profile and demographics › Countries of origin
Mexico
Mexico
Country of origin
Mexico
Raw number
6,640,000
Percent of total
55
El Salvador
El Salvador
Country of origin
El Salvador
Raw number
700,000
Percent of total
6
Guatemala
Guatemala
Country of origin
Guatemala
Raw number
640,000
Percent of total
5
India
India
Country of origin
India
Raw number
430,000
Percent of total
4
Honduras
Honduras
Country of origin
Honduras
Raw number
400,000
Percent of total
3
Philippines
Philippines
Country of origin
Philippines
Raw number
360,000
Percent of total
3
China
China
Country of origin
China
Raw number
270,000
Percent of total
2
Korea
Korea
Country of origin
Korea
Raw number
250,000
Percent of total
2
Vietnam
Vietnam
Country of origin
Vietnam
Raw number
200,000
Percent of total
2
Dominican Republic
Dominican Republic
Country of origin
Dominican Republic
Raw number
180,000
Percent of total
1
Other
Other
Country of origin
Other
Raw number
2,050,000
Percent of total
17
Total
Total
Country of origin
Total
Raw number
12,120,000
Country of origin
Raw number
Percent of total
Mexico
6,640,000
55
El Salvador
700,000
6
Guatemala
640,000
5
India
430,000
4
Honduras
400,000
3
Philippines
360,000
3
China
270,000
2
Korea
250,000
2
Vietnam
200,000
2
Dominican Republic
180,000
1
Other
2,050,000
17
Total
12,120,000

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