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Hungary

Updated: Wikipedia source

Hungary

Hungary is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning much of the Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the south, Croatia and Slovenia to the southwest, and Austria to the west. Hungary lies within the drainage basin of the Danube River and is dominated by great lowland plains. It has a population of 9.6 million, consisting mostly of ethnic Hungarians (Magyars) and a significant Romani minority. Hungarian is the official language, and among the few in Europe outside the Indo-European family. Budapest is the country's capital and largest city, and the dominant cultural and economic centre. Prior to the foundation of the Hungarian state, various peoples settled in the territory of present-day Hungary, including the Celts, Romans, Huns, Germanic peoples, Avars and Slavs. Hungarian statehood is traced to the Principality of Hungary, which was established in the late ninth century by Álmos and his son Árpád through the conquest of the Carpathian Basin. King Stephen I ascended the throne in 1000 and converted his realm to a Christian kingdom. The medieval Kingdom of Hungary was a European power, reaching its height in the Late Middle Ages. After a long period of Ottoman wars, Hungary's forces were defeated at the Battle of Mohács in 1526 and its capital Buda was captured in 1541, opening a period of more than 150 years where the country was divided into three parts: Royal Hungary (loyal to the Habsburgs), Ottoman Hungary and the semi-independent Principality of Transylvania. The Ottomans recognised the loss of Ottoman Hungary by the Treaty of Karlowitz in 1699. Most of Hungary was reunited and came under Habsburg rule by the turn of the 18th century. Wars of independence against the Habsburgs in 1703–1711 and 1848–1849 resulted in a compromise that established the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy in 1867, a major power in the early 20th century. Austria-Hungary collapsed after World War I, and the subsequent Treaty of Trianon in 1920 established Hungary's current borders, resulting in the loss of 71% of its historical territory, majority of its economy, 58% of its population, and 32% of its ethnic Hungarians. Reeling from the aftermath of the war, Hungary endured turmoil in the early interwar period, culminating in the nationalist conservative regime of Regent ruler Miklós Horthy. Hungary joined the Axis powers in World War II, suffering significant damage and casualties. It was occupied by the Soviet Union, which established the Hungarian People's Republic as a satellite state. Following the failed 1956 revolution, Hungary became comparatively freer but remained a repressed member of the Eastern Bloc. As part of the Revolutions of 1989, Hungary peacefully transitioned into a democratic parliamentary republic. It joined the European Union in 2004 and the Schengen Area since 2007. Hungary is a high-income economy with universal health care and tuition-free secondary education. Hungary has a long history of significant contributions to arts, music, literature, sports, science and technology. It is a popular tourist destination in Europe, drawing 24.5 million international visitors in 2019. Hungary is a member of numerous international organisations, including the Council of Europe, European Union, NATO, United Nations, World Health Organization, World Trade Organization, World Bank, Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, and the Visegrád Group.

Infobox

Capitaland largest city
Budapest 47°26′N 19°15′E / 47.433°N 19.250°E / 47.433; 19.250
Official languages
Hungarian
Ethnic groups (2022 census[a][b])
mw- 97.7% Hungarian2.4% Romani1.2% German1.3% other
Religion (2022 census)
mw- li 42.5% Christianity 27.5% Catholicism 15% other Christian 40.1% no answer16.1% irreligion1.3% others
Demonym
Hungarian
Government
Unitary parliamentary republic
• President
Tamás Sulyok
• Prime Minister
Viktor Orbán
• Speaker
László Kövér
Legislature
National Assembly
• Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin
862–895
• Principality of Hungary
895
• Christian Kingdom
25 December 1000
• Golden Bull of 1222
24 April 1222
• Battle of Mohács
29 August 1526
• Liberation of Buda
2 September 1686
• Revolution of 1848
15 March 1848
• Austria-Hungary
30 March 1867
• Treaty of Trianon
4 June 1920
• Third Republic
23 October 1989
• Total
$247.760 billion (56th)
• Water (%)
3.7
• January 2024 estimate
9,584,627 (95th)
• 2022 census
9,603,634
• Density
103/km2 (266.8/sq mi) (78th)
GDP (PPP)
2025 estimate
• Per capita
$25,920 (50th)
GDP (nominal)
2025 estimate
Gini (2023)
29.0 } }low inequality
HDI (2023)
0.870very high (46th)
Currency
Forint (HUF)
Time zone
UTC 1 (CET)
• Summer (DST)
UTC 2 (CEST)
Calling code
36
ISO 3166 code
HU
Internet TLD
hu

Tables

· Administrative divisions
Bács-Kiskun
Bács-Kiskun
County(vármegye)
Bács-Kiskun
Administrativecentre
Kecskemét
Population
524,841
Region
Southern Great Plain
Baranya
Baranya
County(vármegye)
Baranya
Administrativecentre
Pécs
Population
391,455
Region
Southern Transdanubia
Békés
Békés
County(vármegye)
Békés
Administrativecentre
Békéscsaba
Population
361,802
Region
Southern Great Plain
Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén
Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén
County(vármegye)
Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén
Administrativecentre
Miskolc
Population
684,793
Region
Northern Hungary
Capital City of Budapest
Capital City of Budapest
County(vármegye)
Capital City of Budapest
Administrativecentre
Budapest
Population
1,744,665
Region
Central Hungary
Csongrád-Csanád
Csongrád-Csanád
County(vármegye)
Csongrád-Csanád
Administrativecentre
Szeged
Population
421,827
Region
Southern Great Plain
Fejér
Fejér
County(vármegye)
Fejér
Administrativecentre
Székesfehérvár
Population
426,120
Region
Central Transdanubia
Győr-Moson-Sopron
Győr-Moson-Sopron
County(vármegye)
Győr-Moson-Sopron
Administrativecentre
Győr
Population
449,967
Region
Western Transdanubia
Hajdú-Bihar
Hajdú-Bihar
County(vármegye)
Hajdú-Bihar
Administrativecentre
Debrecen
Population
565,674
Region
Northern Great Plain
Heves
Heves
County(vármegye)
Heves
Administrativecentre
Eger
Population
307,985
Region
Northern Hungary
Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok
Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok
County(vármegye)
Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok
Administrativecentre
Szolnok
Population
386,752
Region
Northern Great Plain
Komárom-Esztergom
Komárom-Esztergom
County(vármegye)
Komárom-Esztergom
Administrativecentre
Tatabánya
Population
311,411
Region
Central Transdanubia
Nógrád
Nógrád
County(vármegye)
Nógrád
Administrativecentre
Salgótarján
Population
201,919
Region
Northern Hungary
Pest
Pest
County(vármegye)
Pest
Administrativecentre
Budapest
Population
1,237,561
Region
Central Hungary
Somogy
Somogy
County(vármegye)
Somogy
Administrativecentre
Kaposvár
Population
317,947
Region
Southern Transdanubia
Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg
Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg
County(vármegye)
Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg
Administrativecentre
Nyíregyháza
Population
552,000
Region
Northern Great Plain
Tolna
Tolna
County(vármegye)
Tolna
Administrativecentre
Szekszárd
Population
231,183
Region
Southern Transdanubia
Vas
Vas
County(vármegye)
Vas
Administrativecentre
Szombathely
Population
257,688
Region
Western Transdanubia
Veszprém
Veszprém
County(vármegye)
Veszprém
Administrativecentre
Veszprém
Population
353,068
Region
Central Transdanubia
Zala
Zala
County(vármegye)
Zala
Administrativecentre
Zalaegerszeg
Population
287,043
Region
Western Transdanubia
County(vármegye)
Administrativecentre
Population
Region
Bács-Kiskun
Kecskemét
524,841
Southern Great Plain
Baranya
Pécs
391,455
Southern Transdanubia
Békés
Békéscsaba
361,802
Southern Great Plain
Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén
Miskolc
684,793
Northern Hungary
Capital City of Budapest
Budapest
1,744,665
Central Hungary
Csongrád-Csanád
Szeged
421,827
Southern Great Plain
Fejér
Székesfehérvár
426,120
Central Transdanubia
Győr-Moson-Sopron
Győr
449,967
Western Transdanubia
Hajdú-Bihar
Debrecen
565,674
Northern Great Plain
Heves
Eger
307,985
Northern Hungary
Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok
Szolnok
386,752
Northern Great Plain
Komárom-Esztergom
Tatabánya
311,411
Central Transdanubia
Nógrád
Salgótarján
201,919
Northern Hungary
Pest
Budapest
1,237,561
Central Hungary
Somogy
Kaposvár
317,947
Southern Transdanubia
Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg
Nyíregyháza
552,000
Northern Great Plain
Tolna
Szekszárd
231,183
Southern Transdanubia
Vas
Szombathely
257,688
Western Transdanubia
Veszprém
Veszprém
353,068
Central Transdanubia
Zala
Zalaegerszeg
287,043
Western Transdanubia

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  2. Excludes the population who did not answer the question (13.7%)
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