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Hung Cao

Updated: Wikipedia source

Hung Cao

Hung Cao (born August 3, 1971) is an American politician and former military officer who has served as the 35th United States Under Secretary of the Navy since 2025, having served in the branch from 1989 to 2021. He was a Republican candidate for U.S. Representative in Virginia's 10th congressional district in 2022, and the party's nominee for the state's 2024 U.S. Senate election. In February 2025, President Trump nominated Cao to the position of United States Under Secretary of the Navy. After being confirmed by the Senate, Cao was sworn-in on October 3, 2025.

Infobox

President
Donald Trump
Secretary
John Phelan
Preceded by
Erik Raven
Born
(1971-08-03) August 3, 1971 (age 54)Saigon, South Vietnam
Political party
Republican
Spouse
April Cao
Children
5
Education
United States Naval Academy (BS)Naval Postgraduate School (MS)
Allegiance
United States
Branch/service
United States Navy
Years of service
1989–2021
Rank
Captain
Party
Republican

Tables

· Military awards
1st Row
1st Row
Badge
1st Row
Explosive Ordnance Disposal Officer
Defense Superior Service Medal
Explosive Ordnance Disposal Officer
Bronze Star Medal
2nd Row
2nd Row
Badge
2nd Row
Explosive Ordnance Disposal Officer
Meritorious Service Medal
Explosive Ordnance Disposal Officer
Joint Service Commendation Medal
Explosive Ordnance Disposal Officer
Navy Commendation Medal with two gold stars
3rd Row
3rd Row
Badge
3rd Row
Explosive Ordnance Disposal Officer
Army Commendation Medal
Explosive Ordnance Disposal Officer
Navy Achievement Medal with three gold stars
Explosive Ordnance Disposal Officer
Joint Meritorious Unit Award
4th Row
4th Row
Badge
4th Row
Explosive Ordnance Disposal Officer
Navy Unit Commendation ribbon
Explosive Ordnance Disposal Officer
Coast Guard Unit Commendation with silver O
Explosive Ordnance Disposal Officer
Meritorious Unit Commendation ribbon
5th Row
5th Row
Badge
5th Row
Explosive Ordnance Disposal Officer
Navy E Ribbon with two silver E's
Explosive Ordnance Disposal Officer
National Defense Service Medal with one bronze star
Explosive Ordnance Disposal Officer
Iraq Campaign Medal with three bronze stars
6th Row
6th Row
Badge
6th Row
Explosive Ordnance Disposal Officer
Global War on Terrorism Expeditionary Medal
Explosive Ordnance Disposal Officer
Global War on Terrorism Service Medal
Explosive Ordnance Disposal Officer
Humanitarian Service Medal
7th Row
7th Row
Badge
7th Row
Explosive Ordnance Disposal Officer
Military Outstanding Volunteer Service Medal
Explosive Ordnance Disposal Officer
Navy Sea Service Deployment Ribbon with four bronze stars
Explosive Ordnance Disposal Officer
Navy Overseas Service Ribbon
8th Row
8th Row
Badge
8th Row
Explosive Ordnance Disposal Officer
NATO Medal
Explosive Ordnance Disposal Officer
Navy Marksmanship Rifle Medal with silver E
Explosive Ordnance Disposal Officer
Navy Marksmanship Pistol Medal with silver E
Badge
Badge
Badge
Badge
Explosive Ordnance Disposal Officer
Master Diver Officer (United States Navy)
Badge
Explosive Ordnance Disposal Officer
1st Row
Defense Superior Service Medal
Bronze Star Medal
2nd Row
Meritorious Service Medal
Joint Service Commendation Medal
Navy Commendation Medal with two gold stars
3rd Row
Army Commendation Medal
Navy Achievement Medal with three gold stars
Joint Meritorious Unit Award
4th Row
Navy Unit Commendation ribbon
Coast Guard Unit Commendation with silver O
Meritorious Unit Commendation ribbon
5th Row
Navy E Ribbon with two silver E's
National Defense Service Medal with one bronze star
Iraq Campaign Medal with three bronze stars
6th Row
Global War on Terrorism Expeditionary Medal
Global War on Terrorism Service Medal
Humanitarian Service Medal
7th Row
Military Outstanding Volunteer Service Medal
Navy Sea Service Deployment Ribbon with four bronze stars
Navy Overseas Service Ribbon
8th Row
NATO Medal
Navy Marksmanship Rifle Medal with silver E
Navy Marksmanship Pistol Medal with silver E
Badge
Master Diver Officer (United States Navy)
· Electoral history › 2022
Candidate
Candidate
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
Candidate
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
Round 1
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
Round 2
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
Round 3
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
Round 4
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
Round 5
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
Round 6
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
Round 7
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
Round 8
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
Round 9
Votes
Votes
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
Votes
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
%
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
Votes
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
%
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
Votes
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
%
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
Votes
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
%
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
Votes
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
%
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
Votes
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
%
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
Votes
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
%
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
Votes
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
%
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
Votes
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
%
Hung Cao
Hung Cao
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
Hung Cao
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
6,363
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
42%
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
6,379
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
42.1%
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
6,393
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
42.2%
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
6,471
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
42.8%
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
6,562
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
43.5%
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
6,672
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
44.4%
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
6,998
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
46.6%
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
7,238
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
48.7%
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
7,729
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
52.3%
Jeanine Lawson
Jeanine Lawson
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
Jeanine Lawson
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
4,373
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
28.9%
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
4,382
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
30%
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
4,390
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
29%
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
4,433
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
29.3%
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
4,503
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
29.8%
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
4,564
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
30.4%
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
4,693
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
31.2%
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
4,800
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
32.3%
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
5,000
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
33.8%
Brandon Michon
Brandon Michon
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
Brandon Michon
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
1,538
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
10.2%
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
1,551
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
10.2%
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
1,555
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
10.3%
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
1,588
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
10.5%
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
1,612
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
10.7%
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
1,614
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
10.7%
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
1,733
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
11.5%
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
1,854
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
12.5%
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
2,052
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
13.9%
Mike Clancy
Mike Clancy
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
Mike Clancy
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
719
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
4.7%
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
721
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
4.8%
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
724
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
4.8%
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
739
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
4.9%
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
764
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
5.1%
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
794
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
6.3%
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
876
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
5.8%
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
979
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
6.6%
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
Eliminated
Caleb Max
Caleb Max
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
Caleb Max
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
621
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
4.1%
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
623
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
4.1%
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
627
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
4.1%
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
646
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
4.3%
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
678
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
4.5%
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
707
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
4.7%
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
727
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
4.8%
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
Eliminated
John Henley
John Henley
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
John Henley
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
612
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
4%
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
614
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
4.1%
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
619
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
4.1%
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
628
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
4.2%
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
641
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
4.2%
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
676
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
4.5%
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
Eliminated
Dave Beckwith
Dave Beckwith
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
Dave Beckwith
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
308
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
2%
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
308
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
2%
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
312
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
2.1%
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
328
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
2.2%
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
333
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
2.2%
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
Eliminated
Theresa Ellis
Theresa Ellis
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
Theresa Ellis
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
259
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
1.7%
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
262
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
1.7%
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
276
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
1.8%
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
285
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
1.9%
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
Eliminated
John Beatty
John Beatty
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
John Beatty
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
232
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
1.5%
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
232
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
1.5%
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
237
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
1.6%
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
Eliminated
Jeff Mayhugh
Jeff Mayhugh
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
Jeff Mayhugh
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
64
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
0.4%
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
66
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
0.4%
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
Eliminated
Brooke Taylor
Brooke Taylor
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
Brooke Taylor
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
56
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
0.4%
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
Eliminated
2022 Virginia 10th district GOP firehouse primary
Candidate
Round 1
Round 2
Round 3
Round 4
Round 5
Round 6
Round 7
Round 8
Round 9
Votes
%
Votes
%
Votes
%
Votes
%
Votes
%
Votes
%
Votes
%
Votes
%
Votes
%
Hung Cao
6,363
42%
6,379
42.1%
6,393
42.2%
6,471
42.8%
6,562
43.5%
6,672
44.4%
6,998
46.6%
7,238
48.7%
7,729
52.3%
Jeanine Lawson
4,373
28.9%
4,382
30%
4,390
29%
4,433
29.3%
4,503
29.8%
4,564
30.4%
4,693
31.2%
4,800
32.3%
5,000
33.8%
Brandon Michon
1,538
10.2%
1,551
10.2%
1,555
10.3%
1,588
10.5%
1,612
10.7%
1,614
10.7%
1,733
11.5%
1,854
12.5%
2,052
13.9%
Mike Clancy
719
4.7%
721
4.8%
724
4.8%
739
4.9%
764
5.1%
794
6.3%
876
5.8%
979
6.6%
Eliminated
Caleb Max
621
4.1%
623
4.1%
627
4.1%
646
4.3%
678
4.5%
707
4.7%
727
4.8%
Eliminated
John Henley
612
4%
614
4.1%
619
4.1%
628
4.2%
641
4.2%
676
4.5%
Eliminated
Dave Beckwith
308
2%
308
2%
312
2.1%
328
2.2%
333
2.2%
Eliminated
Theresa Ellis
259
1.7%
262
1.7%
276
1.8%
285
1.9%
Eliminated
John Beatty
232
1.5%
232
1.5%
237
1.6%
Eliminated
Jeff Mayhugh
64
0.4%
66
0.4%
Eliminated
Brooke Taylor
56
0.4%
Eliminated
2022 Virginia's 10th Congressional District election[44] · Electoral history › 2022
Total votes
Total votes
Party
Total votes
Party
296,145
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
mw- ±%
Democratic
Jennifer Wexton (incumbent)
157,405
53.15%
−3.35%
Republican
Hung Cao
138,163
46.65%
+3.25%
Write-in
577
0.19%
+.09%
Total votes
296,145
Democratic hold
2024 Virginia Republican U.S. Senate Primary Results[45] · Electoral history › 2024
Total votes
Total votes
Party
Total votes
Party
270,275
Candidate
100.0%
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
Republican
Hung Cao
166,737
61.7%
Republican
Scott Parkinson
29,623
11.0%
Republican
Eddie Garcia
27,403
10.1%
Republican
Chuck Smith
23,603
8.7%
Republican
Jonathan Emord
22,909
8.5%
Total votes
270,275
100.0%
United States Senate election in Virginia, 2024[46] · Electoral history › 2024
Total votes
Total votes
Party
Total votes
Party
4,445,535
Candidate
100.00%
Votes
N/A
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
±%
Democratic
Tim Kaine (incumbent)
2,417,115
54.37%
−2.63%
Republican
Hung Cao
2,019,911
45.44%
+4.43%
Write-in
8,509
0.19%
+0.04%
Total votes
4,445,535
100.00%
N/A
Democratic hold
· External links
Preceded byCorey Stewart
Preceded byCorey Stewart
Party political offices
Preceded byCorey Stewart
Party political offices
Republican nominee for U.S. Senator from Virginia(Class 1) 2024
Party political offices
Most recent
Political offices
Political offices
Party political offices
Political offices
Preceded byBrett A. SeidleActing
Preceded byBrett A. SeidleActing
Party political offices
Preceded byBrett A. SeidleActing
Party political offices
United States Under Secretary of the Navy 2025–present
Party political offices
Incumbent
Party political offices
Preceded byCorey Stewart
Republican nominee for U.S. Senator from Virginia(Class 1) 2024
Most recent
Political offices
Preceded byBrett A. SeidleActing
United States Under Secretary of the Navy 2025–present
Incumbent

References

  1. AP News
    https://apnews.com/article/hung-cao-tim-kaine-senate-virginia-2024-election-b9a719a3a7278f54cc2f09cd8f782f1e
  2. Virginia Department of Elections
    https://enr.elections.virginia.gov/results/public/Virginia/elections/2024NovemberGeneral
  3. Virginia Department of Election
    https://results.elections.virginia.gov/vaelections/2022%20November%20General/Site/Congress.html
  4. WUSA9
    https://www.wusa9.com/article/news/politics/hung-cao-us-senate-under-secretary-navy-president-donald-trump-cabinet-politcs/65-fff39b1a-4158-48cd-948e-36ff7decd7d3
  5. United States Navy
    https://www.navy.mil/Leadership/Flag-Officer-Biographies/BioDisplay/Article/4156165/under-secretary-of-the-navy-hung-cao/
  6. Dignity Memorial
    https://www.dignitymemorial.com/obituaries/falls-church-va/quan-cao-10587500
  7. The Washington Examiner
    https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/magazine-features/2584267/hung-caos-next-call-of-duty/
  8. The Washington Post
    https://www.washingtonpost.com/dc-md-va/2024/05/26/virginia-senate-gop-primary-kaine/
  9. The Washington Post
    https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2022/04/21/erosion-excellence-thomas-jefferson-high-school/
  10. VoteSmart.org
    https://justfacts.votesmart.org/candidate/biography/206932/hung-cao
  11. Chasing Freedom
    https://chasingfreedomvirginia.com/senate2024-cao/
  12. National Review
    https://www.nationalreview.com/news/how-congressional-candidate-hung-cao-salvaged-john-f-kennedy-jr-s-plane/
  13. Young America's Foundation
    https://yaf.org/people/caphttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:%E9%87%91%E8%89%B2%E9%BB%8E%E6%98%8E/sandbox&action=edit&section=1#tain-hung-cao/
  14. Guardian Fund
    https://guardianfundpac.org/candidates/hung-cao-2022/
  15. American Journal News
    https://americanjournalnews.com/virginia-u-s-senate-candidate-hung-cao-says-workplace-diversity-is-marxism/
  16. The Washington Times
    https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2022/may/23/virginia-gop-nominates-navy-vet-hung-cao-challenge/
  17. Republican National Committee
    https://gop.com/blog/hung-cao-fires-up-packed-rnc-veterans-forum-in-va-10/
  18. Ballotpedia
    https://ballotpedia.org/Virginia%27s_10th_Congressional_District_election,_2022_%28May_21_Republican_firehouse_primary%29
  19. The Roanoke Times
    https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-roanoke-times/153649473/
  20. WUSA9
    https://www.wusa9.com/article/news/local/virginia/wexton-cao-debate-leesburg/65-e0001ce2-0e00-4de0-9231-52d9d1ec575e
  21. INSIDENOVA.COM
    https://www.insidenova.com/headlines/jennifer-wexton-tops-cao-to-win-10th-district-race/article_58a99dda-5faf-11ed-88ca-eb2594527e1f.html
  22. Ballotpedia
    https://ballotpedia.org/Virginia%27s_10th_Congressional_District_election,_2022
  23. The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/09/us/politics/women-midterms.html
  24. Virginia Department of Elections
    https://results.elections.virginia.gov/vaelections/2022%20November%20General/Site/Locality/MANASSAS_CITY/Member_House_of_Representatives_%2810%29.html
  25. The Washington Post
    https://www.washingtonpost.com/dc-md-va/2023/07/18/virginia-senate-hung-cao-tim-kaine/
  26. WTOP News
    https://wtop.com/virginia-election/2024/05/republican-us-senate-candidate-in-virginia-honored-to-receive-trump-endorsement/
  27. The Winchester Star
    https://www.winchesterstar.com/winchester_star/cao-cruises-to-gop-primary-win-setting-stage-for-november-matchup-against-kaine/article_8c89dfc8-87e8-510d-bcae-1121ccccd7a2.html
  28. The Hill
    https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/4728674-hung-cao-donald-trump-virginia-tim-kaine/
  29. USA Today
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    https://ballotpedia.org/United_States_Senate_election_in_Virginia,_2024
  31. AP News
    https://apnews.com/article/tim-kaine-hung-cao-virginia-senate-b88609b63fdb95bbbb817e55f7d78d2b
  32. The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2024/11/05/us/elections/results-virginia-us-senate.html
  33. Fox News
    https://www.foxnews.com/politics/trump-appoints-hung-cao-paul-dabbar-positions-within-administration
  34. Navy Times
    https://www.navytimes.com/news/pentagon-congress/2025/02/28/trump-names-special-ops-vet-hung-cao-as-navy-under-secretary/
  35. Politico
    https://www.politico.com/news/2025/02/28/trump-hung-cao-navy-undersecretary-00206663
  36. Congress.gov
    https://www.congress.gov/nomination/119th-congress/26/10
  37. Senate.gov
    https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_votes/vote1191/vote_119_1_00539.htm
  38. United States Navy
    https://www.navy.mil/Press-Office/Press-Releases/display-pressreleases/Article/4320853/secretary-phelan-welcomes-under-secretary-of-the-navy-hung-cao-and-launches-por/
  39. Loudoun Times-Mirror
    https://www.loudountimes.com/news/retired-veteran-wins-republican-nomination-for-10th-congressional-district-race/article_dbca8a50-da1f-11ec-8d69-cb868455b2a6.html
  40. Republic Book Publishers
    https://www.republicbookpublishers.com/product/call-me-an-american/
  41. The American Independent
    https://americanindependent.com/virginia-republican-senate-candidate-hung-cao-anti-lgbtq-pastor/
  42. hungcaoforcongress.com
    https://web.archive.org/web/20220523041415/https://www.hungcaoforcongress.com/
  43. vpap.org
    https://www.vpap.org/visuals/visual/gop-ranked-choice-cd10/
  44. Virginia Department of Elections
    https://results.elections.virginia.gov/vaelections/2022%20November%20General/Site/Congress.html
  45. Virginia Department of Elections
    https://www.elections.virginia.gov/casting-a-ballot/candidate-list/
  46. Virginia Department of Elections
    https://enr.elections.virginia.gov/results/public/Virginia/elections/2024NovemberGeneral
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