| Year | Seed | Round | Opponent | Result |
| 1956 | | Regional semifinalsRegional 3rd-place game | SMUKansas State | L 74–89L 70–89 |
| 1961 | | Regional quarterfinalsRegional semifinalsRegional 3rd-place game | MarquetteKansas StateTexas Tech | W 77–61L 64–75L 67–69 |
| 1965 | | Regional quarterfinalsRegional semifinalsRegional 3rd-place game | Notre DameOklahoma StateSMU | W 99–98L 60–75L 87–89 |
| 1966 | | Regional quarterfinalsRegional semifinalsRegional 3rd-place game | Colorado StateOregon StatePacific | W 82–76L 60–63W 102–91 |
| 1967 | | Regional quarterfinalsRegional semifinalsRegional finalsFinal FourNational 3rd-place game | New Mexico StateKansasSMUUCLANorth Carolina | W 59–58W 66–53W 83–75L 58–73W 84–62 |
| 1968 | | Regional quarterfinalsRegional semifinalsRegional finalsFinal FourNational 3rd-place game | Loyola–ChicagoLouisvilleTCUUCLAOhio State | W 94–76W 91–75W 103–68L 69–101L 85–89 |
| 1970 | | Regional quarterfinalsRegional semifinalsRegional 3rd-place game | DaytonDrakeKansas State | W 71–64L 87–92L 98–107 |
| 1971 | | Regional quarterfinalsRegional semifinalsRegional 3rd-place game | New Mexico StateKansasNotre Dame | W 72–69L 77–78W 119–106 |
| 1972 | | Regional quarterfinals | Texas | L 74–85 |
| 1973 | | Regional quarterfinals | Southwestern Louisiana | L 89–102 |
| 1978 | (4Q) | First round | (2L) Notre Dame | L 77–100 |
| 1981 | | First round | Villanova | L 72–90 |
| 1982 | | First roundSecond roundSweet SixteenElite EightFinal Four | Alcorn State#3 Tulsa#2 Missouri#8 Boston College#1 North Carolina | W 94–84W 78–74W 79–78W 99–92L 63–68 |
| 1983 | | Second roundSweet SixteenElite EightFinal FourNational Championship | Maryland#4 Memphis State#3 Villanova#1 Louisville#6 NC State | W 60–50W 70–63W 89–71W 94–81L 52–54 |
| 1984 | | Second roundSweet SixteenElite EightFinal FourNational Championship | Louisiana Tech#6 Memphis State#4 Wake Forest#7 Virginia#1 Georgetown | W 77–70W 78–71W 68–63W 49–47 OTL 75–84 |
| 1987 | | First round | Kansas | L 55–66 |
| 1990 | | First round | UC Santa Barbara | L 66–70 |
| 1992 | | First round | Georgia Tech | L 60–65 |
| 2010 | | First round | Maryland | L 77–89 |
| 2018 | | First roundSecond round | San Diego State#3 Michigan | W 67–65L 63–64 |
| 2019 | | First roundSecond roundSweet Sixteen | Georgia State#11 Ohio State#2 Kentucky | W 84–55W 74–59L 58–62 |
| 2021 | | First roundSecond roundSweet SixteenElite EightFinal Four | Cleveland State#10 Rutgers#11 Syracuse#12 Oregon State#1 Baylor | W 87–56W 63–60W 62–46W 67–61L 59–78 |
| 2022 | | First roundSecond roundSweet SixteenElite Eight | UAB#4 Illinois#1 Arizona#2 Villanova | W 82–68W 68–53W 72–60L 44–50 |
| 2023 | | First roundSecond roundSweet Sixteen | Northern Kentucky#9 Auburn#5 Miami (FL) | W 63–52W 81–64L 75–89 |
| 2024 | | First roundSecond roundSweet Sixteen | Longwood#9 Texas A&M#4 Duke | W 86–46W 100–95 OTL 51–54 |
| 2025 | | First roundSecond roundSweet SixteenElite EightFinal FourNational Championship | SIU Edwardsville#8 Gonzaga#4 Purdue#2 Tennessee#1 Duke#1 Florida | W 78–40W 81–76W 62–60W 69–50W 70–67L 63–65 |