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Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson

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Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson

Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson, 1st Duke of Bronte (29 September 1758 – 21 October 1805) was a British Royal Navy officer whose leadership, grasp of strategy and unconventional tactics brought about a number of decisive British naval victories during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest admirals in history and, by many, as the greatest. Nelson was born into a moderately prosperous Norfolk family and joined the navy through the influence of his uncle Maurice Suckling, a high-ranking naval officer. Nelson rose rapidly through the ranks and served with leading naval commanders of the period before obtaining his own command at the age of 20 in 1778. He developed a reputation for personal valour and a firm grasp of tactics, but suffered periods of illness and unemployment after the end of the American War of Independence. The outbreak of the French Revolutionary Wars allowed Nelson to return to service, where he was particularly active in the Mediterranean Sea. He fought in several minor engagements off Toulon and was important in the capture of Corsica, where he was wounded and partially lost sight in one eye, and subsequently performed diplomatic duties with the Italian states. In 1797, he distinguished himself while commanding HMS Captain at the Battle of Cape St Vincent. Shortly after this battle, Nelson took part in the Battle of Santa Cruz de Tenerife, where the attack failed and he lost his right arm, forcing him to return to England to recuperate. The following year he won a decisive victory over the French at the Battle of the Nile and remained in the Mediterranean to support the Kingdom of Naples against a French invasion. In 1801, Nelson was dispatched to the Baltic Sea and defeated neutral Denmark at the Battle of Copenhagen. He commanded the blockade of the French and Spanish fleets at Toulon and, after their escape, chased them to the West Indies and back but failed to bring them to battle. After a brief return to England, he took over the Cádiz blockade in 1805. On 21 October 1805, the Franco-Spanish fleet came out of port, and Nelson's fleet engaged them at the Battle of Trafalgar. The battle became Britain's greatest naval victory, but Nelson, aboard HMS Victory, was fatally wounded by a French marksman. His body was brought back to England, where he was accorded a state funeral, and considered a hero. Nelson's death at Trafalgar secured his position as one of Britain's most heroic figures. His signal just prior to the commencement of the battle, "England expects that every man will do his duty", is regularly quoted and paraphrased. Numerous monuments, including Nelson's Column in Trafalgar Square, London, and the Nelson Monument in Edinburgh, have been created in his memory. In 2002, Nelson was named among the 100 Greatest Britons of all time.

Infobox

Born
(1758-09-29)29 September 1758Burnham Thorpe, Norfolk, England, Great Britain
Died
21 October 1805(1805-10-21) (aged 47)HMS Victory, off Cape Trafalgar
Cause of death
Gunshot wound
Burial place
St Paul's Cathedral, London
Spouse
mw- Frances Nisbet (m. 1787)
Children
Horatia Nelson
Parents
mw- Edmund Nelson (father)Catherine Suckling (mother)
Branch
Royal Navy
Years of service
1771–1805
Rank
Vice-admiral of the White
Commands
mw- li List Fort Charles, Jamaica HMS Badger HMS Hinchinbrook HMS Janus HMS Albemarle HMS Boreas HMS Agamemnon HMS Captain HMS Vanguard Mediterranean Fleet
Battles / wars
List First Anglo-Maratha War American War of Independence Battle of Fort San Juan Battle of Grand Turk War of the First Coalition Siege of Toulon Action of 22 October 1793 Siege of Bastia Siege of Calvi (WIA) Battle of Genoa Battle of Hyères Islands Action of 31 May 1796 Action of 19 December 1796 Battle of Cape St Vincent (WIA) Assault on Cádiz Battle of Santa Cruz de Tenerife (WIA) War of the Second Coalition Battle of the Nile (WIA) Neapolitan campaign Battle of the Malta Convoy Siege of Malta Battle of Copenhagen Raid on Boulogne War of the Third Coalition Battle of Trafalgar †
Awards
Order of the Bath Several others (see below)
Service years
1771–1805

Tables

· External links
Preceded byViscount Keith
Preceded byViscount Keith
Military offices
Preceded byViscount Keith
Military offices
Commander-in-Chief, Mediterranean Fleet 1803–1805
Military offices
Succeeded byLord Collingwood
Peerage of the United Kingdom
Peerage of the United Kingdom
Military offices
Peerage of the United Kingdom
New title
New title
Military offices
New title
Military offices
Baron Nelson (of the Nile and of Hillborough) 1801–1805
Military offices
Succeeded byWilliam Nelson
Titles of nobility
Titles of nobility
Military offices
Titles of nobility
New creation
New creation
Military offices
New creation
Military offices
Duke of Bronte (in the Kingdom of Sicily) 1799–1805
Military offices
Succeeded byWilliam Nelson
Military offices
Preceded byViscount Keith
Commander-in-Chief, Mediterranean Fleet 1803–1805
Succeeded byLord Collingwood
Peerage of the United Kingdom
New title
Baron Nelson (of the Nile and of Hillborough) 1801–1805
Succeeded byWilliam Nelson
Titles of nobility
New creation
Duke of Bronte (in the Kingdom of Sicily) 1799–1805
Succeeded byWilliam Nelson

References

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